Abstract: An integrator circuit (110) is provided including an amplifier element (170) configured to receive an input signal at an input node, amplify the input signal, and provide an amplified input signal at an output node; a feedback capacitor element (175) connected between the output node and the input node; and a current matching circuit (120) connected to the output node, and configured to sense an output voltage of the amplifier element and to provide a supplemental current (IM) to the input node that is less than or equal to a feedback current (IF) charging the feedback capacitor element. This supplemental current is substantially equal and opposite in polarity to a feedback current when the output voltage satisfies a set criterion.

Abstract: A circuit and method for improving mismatches between signal converters includes at least two conversion units, a clock generator and a reference voltage generator. The conversion units share the clock generator and/or the reference voltage generator so as to improve mismatches between the conversion units.

Abstract: Briefly, in accordance with one embodiment, a method of data compression is disclosed.

Abstract: Briefly, in accordance with one embodiment, a method of coding data is described.

Abstract: In general, this disclosure describes techniques for changing a sampling frequency of a digital signal. In particular, the techniques provide a more accurate way to determining a relative timing between a desired output sample and a corresponding input sample using a non-approximated integer representation of the relative timing. The relative timing between the desired output sample and corresponding input sample may be represented using a first component that identifies a latest input sample of the digital signal used to generate intermediate samples, a second component that identifies an intermediate sample, and a third component that identifies a timing difference between the desired output sample and the intermediate sample. Each of the components may be recursively updated using non-approximated integer values.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an encoding apparatus and method for encoding a user data stream (m) into a channel data stream (y) as well as to a corresponding decoding apparatus and method.

Abstract: Semiconductor devices, a system including said semiconductor devices and methods thereof are provided. An example semiconductor device may receive data scheduled for transmission, scramble an order of bits within the received data, the scrambled order arranged in accordance with a given pseudo-random sequence. The received data may be balanced such that a difference between a first number of the bits within the received data equal to a first logic level and a second number of bits within the received data equal to a second logic level is below a threshold. The balanced and scrambled received data may then be transmitted. The example semiconductor device may perform the scrambling and balancing operations in any order. Likewise, on a receiving end, another semiconductor device may decode the original data by unscrambling and unbalancing the transmitted data. The unscrambling and unbalancing operations may be performed in an order based upon the order in which the transmitted data is scrambled and balanced.

Abstract: A data translation system and method. This invention provides a reverse approach to implement a M bit input to N bit output cumulative/monotonic transfer function (where M>N) by a (2**N) ×M bit memory instead of the conventional (2**M)×N bit memory. The invention offers substantial circuit size savings without compromising on transfer function resolution and is independent of transfer function mapping algorithms. The M bit memory content of the reverse LUT contains input video group information for each output level and the (2**N) addresses of the reverse LUT represent the corresponding transfer function output levels. This data to address representation of the input to output relationship is exactly opposite to the conventional address to data format. Search and compare methods are employed to locate the input video group that the incoming video belongs to and the associated address of the reverse LUT represents the output.

Abstract: Connecting an AC coupled source device to a DC coupled receiver device by way of a connector compatible with the DC coupled device includes generating a signal by the AC coupled source device, transmitting the signal by the AC coupled source device, receiving the signal at a converter unit coupled between the AC coupled source device and the connector, converting the signal to a converted signal suitable for reception by the DC coupled receiver device by the converter unit, passing the converted signal over the connector to the DC coupled receiver unit, and receiving the converted signal by the DC coupled receiver unit.

Abstract: A sensing apparatus includes a microprocessor having an A/D converting function of digital-converting an analog electric quantity supplied to an A/D conversion port and taking in a conversion result, and a plurality of electrical elements that are connected with the microprocessor and generate analog electric quantities. The plurality of electrical elements are respectively connected with a plurality of switch ports in the microprocessor that can be selectively grounded by internal switches of the microprocessor. Analog electric quantities generated in the electrical elements can be selectively taken into the A/D converting function of the microprocessor by selectively switching the internal switches.

Abstract: Improved sigma-delta modulator (SDM) for 1-bit digital audio noise shaping. It is the object to produce a bit stream that is compatible with the Scarlet Book specification (Super Audio CD standard, SACD) and that achieves a higher lossless compression ratio when compressed and decompressed according to the standard. This goal is achieved by using a trellis-based SDM and/or a prediction filter within the SDM that is similar or identical to the prediction filter in the encoder. The trellis SDM is designed to produce a predicted signal from a range of candidate signals that is as close to the input signal as possible.

Abstract: The invention relates to a power-saving multibit delta-sigma converter (1) comprising: an input (2) for an analog input signal (ZA) and an output (3) for a digital output signal (ZD); a digital-to-analog converter (4) having a bit width N and serving to convert the digital output signal (ZD) to an analog feedback signal (Z3); a summing device (5) for solving the difference between the input signal (ZA) and the feedback signal (Z3); a filter (6) for filtering the difference signal (Z1); and a clocked quantizing device (7) for quantizing the filtered difference signal (Z2) into a digital output signal (ZD) with the bit width N.

Abstract: In general, a higher speed access storage device is desired. Proposed device relates to An LDPC iteration decoder. The LDPC iteration decoder (322) includes a second interleaver (350) for performing interleave processing on a signal series outputted from a soft output detection unit (320), an LDPC decoder (352) for implementing LDPC decoding processing on a signal that has undergone interleave processing; a checking unit (356) for checking that an error has been corrected by the LDPC decoder (352); a second de-interleaver (354) for performing sort processing the reverse of the second interleaver (350) on a signal that has been LDPC decoded; a judging unit (358) for judging whether to carry out iteration processing again; and a DAE (360) for computing a likelihood again, in cases in which iteration decoding is carried out, and giving feedback to the front stage of the second interleaver (350).

Abstract: A system and method for asynchronous triggering in a waveform generator comprising a DAC sample clock for generating DAC sample clock signal. The system includes a sequencer clock for generating a sequencer clock signal having a frequency of 1/N of the DAC sample clock. The system also includes an output data generator having I outputs to receive a waveform data stream of samples shifted into the data generator at the rate of the sequencer clock signal. An output multiplexer coupled receives samples from each of the I outputs of the output data generator and outputs the samples as a multiplexed data stream to the DAC. A triggering system receives an asynchronous trigger and splits the signal into an integer multiple M trigger inputs, each trigger input delayed by a DAC sample clock cycle. A shift controller determines a trigger position based on the trigger inputs and shifts a different waveform data stream into the data generator in accordance with the trigger position.

Abstract: A wireless communication device is disclosed that reduces undesired audio underflow in a digital to analog receive path that employs time domain isolation. In one embodiment, one or more buffers in the receive path receive processed audio samples from a signal processor. A control circuit senses when the buffers in the receive path are substantially empty. In response to a substantially empty determination by the control circuit of one embodiment, the control circuit instructs one of the buffers to repeat the last processed audio sample which that buffer received to reduce or avoid audio underflow.

Abstract: A digital-to-analog converter comprises a current supplier, a current divider dividing current supplied from the current supplier into certain amounts, an inverter outputting inverted signals of input signals and non-inverted signals, a switch controlling a flow of the current divided into the certain amounts by the current divider according to the inverted signals and the non-inverted signals, and a current output block adding up the current divided into the certain amounts according to the non-inverted signals to output an analog signal. The digital-to-analog converter can be implemented on a small chip area with desired resolution.

Abstract: A digital pulsed phase locked loop (DPPLL) provides exact measurements of echo phase, time, and/or position delay as well as echo amplitude. These exact measurements provide better and more reliable results that directly benefit the many real world applications for the DPPLL. The DPPLL permits simultaneous tracking of multiple echo pulses and considerably improved echo selection and sampling.

Abstract: An analog to digital converter system includes at least one stage for providing a first full precision, full latency output and a second output providing a less than full latency, less than full precision coarse level indicator signal.

Abstract: An A/D converter that supports multi-mode and that can minimize power consumption is provided. A hybrid A/D converter 100 comprises: hybrid stages 101 to 103 composed of 1.5-bit A/D converter 111, 121 and 131 for pipeline use that convert analogue input signals into digital signals; 1/1.5-bit D/A converters 112, 122 and 132 that switch between pipeline use and delta-sigma modulation use according to the mode in use; analogue adders 113, 123 and 133 that subtract output of the 1/1.5 D/A converters 112, 122 and 132 from the analogue input signals; and analogue operation circuits 114, 124 and 134 that receive as input the output of the analogue adders 113, 123 and 133 and function as amplifiers in pipeline mode and as integrators in delta-sigma mode.

Abstract: A first stage of a pipeline A/D converter is configured to output a sub analog signal at a level within a predetermined output voltage range even if a level of an input analog signal exceeds a predetermined input voltage range. Therefore, as compared with an example where a limiter circuit is provided on an input side of each stage, a pipeline A/D converter occupying a small area, consuming low power, and having small errors can be provided.

Abstract: A method is provided for more accurate and reliable sensing of phenomena that are potentially obscured by noise, spoofing or jamming, that is deliberate attempts to obscure the phenomena by false signals or noise in response to the stimuli being provided and/or a detector being activated.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention provides several electromagnetic radiation reflectors within a volume that contains solid portions subject to movement relative to one another. At least a portion of the reflectors are positioned beneath one or more of the solid portions and move in response to movement of at least some of the solid portions. The volume is irradiated with electromagnetic radiation having one or more frequencies in a range from one kHz through one THz, and a reflection is detected of at least a portion of the electromagnetic radiation from each of the reflectors in response to this irradiation. Movement among the solid objects is evaluated from the reflection of each of the reflectors, which includes determining a spatial orientation of each one of the reflectors as a function of at least one of polarization selectivity and frequency selectivity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of detecting obstacles on board an aircraft while in the vicinity (44) of a touchdown point (27, 42), the method comprising the following operations: selecting/determining a path (41) to be followed by the aircraft overflying the touchdown point; the aircraft overflying the touchdown point following the overflight path, and during the overflight recording signals/data delivered by an on-board rangefinder observing a portion of space extending below the aircraft; analyzing the rangefinder data to detect the presence of obstacles and to determine their positions in a terrestrial frame of reference, where appropriate to determine their dimensions; and recording the detected obstacle position data, and dimensions, if any, in a memory.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for validating a position of an airborne platform, by comparing rate of change of a measure of barometric altitude with rate of change of a measure of geometric altitude. When the difference in rates of change exceeds at least one predetermined threshold an indication is provided that a threshold has been exceeded. The methods may be employed onboard an aircraft and/or at an air traffic control site, provided the aircraft transmits the necessary parameters. The comparison not only provides validation of vertical positioning information (altitude) but also horizontal positioning information. Corresponding apparatus, systems, programs for computers, and communications signals are also provided.

Abstract: A wireless communication system for a vehicle includes a navigation apparatus and an emergency report apparatus. When a vehicle accessory switch is in an on position, the navigation apparatus performs a GPS synchronization to receive assistance data including almanac and ephemeris from a GPS satellite and outputs the assistance data to the emergency report apparatus. The emergency report apparatus stores the assistance data in a memory. In a case where an abnormal condition of the vehicle occurs when the accessory switch is in an off position, the emergency report apparatus determines whether the assistance data stored in the memory is valid for a GPS positioning. When the assistance data is valid, the emergency report apparatus starts to perform the GPS positioning to calculate a current location of the vehicle by using the assistance data stored in the memory.

Abstract: A waveguide driving circuit for generating a current pulse in a waveguide includes a voltage source for providing a direct voltage, a choke the first terminal of which is coupled to a first terminal of the voltage source, a first switch the first terminal of which is coupled to a second terminal of the choke and the second terminal of which is coupled to a second terminal of the voltage source, the waveguide the first terminal of which at a first waveguide end is coupled to the first terminal of the first switch and the second terminal of which at the first waveguide end is coupled to a second terminal of the voltage source, and a controller implemented to open and close the first switch, to generate a current pulse at the terminals of the waveguide at the first waveguide end.

Abstract: A beam switching antenna method and apparatus for controlling a beam switching antenna system including an antenna element for forming a beam, at least one conductive reflector for reflecting the beam, and a ground switch for applying a reference voltage to the least one conductive reflector, the method including selectively configuring the beam switching antenna system for a current-directional beam pattern to receive a first signal and for a non-directional beam pattern to receive a second signal; comprising the first and second signals; and controlling, using the ground switch; the beam based on the comparison of the first and second switching.

Abstract: A mobile location device comprising geographical location means to provide device geographical location information and motion detection means to detect motion of the device, wherein the geographical location means is arranged to provide device geographical location information according to whether motion of the mobile location device is detected by the motion detecting means.

Abstract: A wireless resource monitoring system and method utilizes a network of deployed radio elements including at least one master radio, a plurality of beacons, and at least one tag. The beacons are placed at known positions. The master radio, the beacons and the tag are in wireless communication with each other. The tag is attached to the resource that is being monitored. A beacon signal is transmitted by the beacons, which includes the identity of the transmitting beacons. The tag receives the beacon signals and measures the signal strength of the beacon signals. The tag then transmits a tag signal, which includes the identity of the transmitting tag, the measured signal strengths of the beacon signals and the identity of the corresponding beacons. The location of the tag is then determined from the tag signal.

Abstract: Device comprising a patch antenna, and coupling means for connecting the antenna to an electronic component, wherein the patch antenna is arranged on one side of an antenna plate, and the electronic component can be mounted on the other side of the antenna plate, wherein the coupling means comprise a metal passage through the antenna plate. This passage thus ensures the transmission of signals between the antenna and the electronic component. Such a passage is mechanically very robust and not susceptible to ageing, whereby this passage is suitable for automotive applications. This passage is generally not ideal, since it does not have the same characteristic impedance as the antenna and the electronic component, but the dimensions of the passage can be kept sufficiently small so that no disruption is encountered from this impedance mismatch.

Abstract: A planar antenna, which is operable within the ultra wide bandwidth, includes a dielectric substrate, a radiating element, a feeding element, and a grounding element. The dielectric substrate has opposite first and second surfaces. The radiating element is formed on the first surface of the dielectric substrate, and includes a tapered part. The tapered part has a converged end portion, and a pair of jagged sides that diverge from the converged end portion. The feeding element is formed on the first surface of the dielectric substrate, and extends from the converged end portion of the tapered part of the radiating element. The grounding element is formed on the second surface of the dielectric substrate.

Abstract: An example antenna system includes a parasitic element and a symmetrical element fed by a balanced RF signal source. The fed element is operable to couple with the parasitic element, thereby causing the parasitic element to resonate at a first frequency band. Thus, the fed element is operable to act as a balanced capacitive feed for the parasitic element. Also, the parasitic element is symmetrical with respect to a polarity of the fed element.

Abstract: A broadband antenna includes a coupling loop and a number of radiation bodies. The coupling loop is electrically coupled to a chip and the chip records several pieces of data. The radiation bodies respectively form a number of resonance loops with the coupling loop for providing a number of resonance frequencies of the broadband antenna. The coupling loop can feed in signals for reading data in the chip according to the resonance frequencies.

Abstract: A multilayered substrate includes a first layer and at least one second layer laminated on one face of the first layer. A first component is mounted on the other face of the first layer. A second component is comprised of a pattern formed on at least one second layer, and electrically connected to the first component through a via hole.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure allow for a linear phase progression between adjacent elements in array by providing a symmetric ring configuration of tuned amplifiers and a single phase shifter. This ring topology is coupled to a single phase locked loop (“PLL”) that allows for direct modulation and demodulation of arbitrary waveforms without using RF up/down converting mixers. In addition, the PLL distributes the transmit waveforms to all antenna elements in the transmit mode and combines the received waveforms in the receive mode without any complicated power distribution network.

Abstract: A plate member is adapted to be electrically grounded. A first radiating electrode opposes the plate member with a gap and extending parallel to the plate member. A second radiating electrode opposes the plate member with a gap and extending parallel to the plate member. A feeding pin is connected to a center part of the first radiating electrode and a center part of the second radiating electrode. The feeding pin is adapted to feed power to the first radiating electrode and the second radiating electrode. A pair of first short-circuiting pins are electrically connecting the plate member and an outer edge of the first radiating electrode at symmetrical positions relative to the feeding pin. A pair of second short-circuiting pins are electrically connecting the plate member and both ends of the second radiating electrode. The first radiating electrode is formed with blank portions which are located at such positions that are on hypothetical straight lines connecting the feeding pin and the short pins.

Abstract: Described is a mobile device with a protective antenna cover. The mobile device comprises a housing, an antenna and an antenna cover. The housing encloses electronic components of the device including at least one of a transmitter and a receiver. The antenna is coupled to the one of a transmitter and a receiver. The antenna cover is ultrasonically welded to the housing. The antenna cover defines an interior space within which at least a part of the antenna is received. The interior space is sized so that the part of the antenna received therewithin is separated from an inner surface of the antenna cover around an entire circumference thereof.

Abstract: An intenna-type dipole antenna of a mobile terminal, for receiving a broadcast signal in a very high frequency (VHF) band, includes: a conducting plate which functions as one of a radiator and a ground; and a pole which functions as the other of the radiator and the ground. Accordingly, the dipole antenna can be implemented as an intenna with facilitated installation and low costs.

Abstract: An antenna device is configured such that a chip antenna is mounted on a circuit substrate including first and second transmission lines, a high-frequency changeover switch, and a bias circuit. First ends of first and second radiation conductors that are wound around a base member of the chip antenna are connected to each other, and variable-capacitance elements are distributed in each of the radiation conductors. When an electrical connection between the input terminal and the output terminal of the high-frequency changeover switch is established, a feeding signal is supplied to the first transmission line to provide a high-band mode. When the electrical connection is disconnected, the feeding signal is supplied to the second transmission line to provide a low-band mode. In either band, a tuning voltage is supplied from the bias circuit to the variable-capacitance elements, whereby the tuning frequency of the antenna device can be changed.

Abstract: An antenna control system for setting the tilt angle of a main lobe of an antenna, in particular of an antenna constituting part of a base station in a mobile cellular communication system, said antenna comprising a plurality of antenna elements and phase shifting means for varying the phase of at least one signal being fed to said antenna elements, wherein adjustment of said phase of said signal is achieved by actuating an operating element, and wherein actuation of said operating element is achieved by operating an operating element actuator. The operating element actuator is coupled to the operating element of the phase shifting means by means of a force field coupling.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for satellite tracking by use of an antenna assembly having a master antenna for receiving and transmitting first satellite signals to and from a first satellite called master antenna satellite in a first frequency band, and a slave antenna for receiving second satellite signals from a second satellite called slave antenna satellite in a second satellite band, where the master and slave antennas have physical bore-sight axes which can be arranged at different directions in relation to each other. The method of the invention includes a master antenna search routine and a slave antenna search routine.

Abstract: An antenna device is disclosed. An antenna such as a dipole antenna and a parallel feeder each formed of a conductor pattern are disposed on a dielectric plate. The connector is connected to the antenna through the parallel feeder. The parallel feeder has a length of an integral multiple of a half wavelength and has an even number of bending points between the connecter and the antenna.

Abstract: A multi-band antenna for use in a wireless communications network provides frequency support for different wireless technologies in a single structure. This substantially reduces installation costs and can be the only solution in limited space installation sites. In one instance, the multi-band antenna has two serial feedlines carrying respective anode and cathode components of RF signals. Each, comprising serial feedline is coupled to two or more different length dipole elements. Each dipole element of a given length attached to the first serial feedline has a corresponding dipole element of approximately equal length attached to the second serial feedline and oriented, with respect to the first dipole element so as to form a dipole. Thus, at least two dipoles of differing lengths are formed, enabling performance in two different bands by the antenna. The gain of the antenna for any particular band is determined by the number of dipoles corresponding to that band contained within the antenna.

Abstract: A linearly polarized antenna includes a dielectric substrate, a ground conductor which is overlapped on one surface of the dielectric substrate, an antenna element made of linearly polarized, which is formed on an opposite surface of the dielectric substrate, a plurality of metal posts in which one end side of each of the plurality of metal posts is connected to the ground conductor, the plurality of metal posts piercing through the dielectric substrate along a thickness direction thereof, another end side of each of the plurality of metal posts being extended to the opposite surface of the dielectric substrate, the plurality of metal posts being provided at predetermined intervals to form a cavity so as to surround the antenna element, and a conducting rim which short-circuits the other end side of each of the plurality of metal posts along a line direction of the plurality of metal posts on the opposite surface side of the dielectric substrate, the conducting rim being provided while extended by a predeterm

Abstract: An antenna device is disclosed. An antenna such as a dipole antenna and a parallel feeder each formed of a conductor pattern are disposed on a dielectric plate. The connector is connected to the antenna through the parallel feeder. The parallel feeder has a length of an integral multiple of a half wavelength and has an even number of bending points between the connecter and the antenna.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for providing a substantially surface independent tagging system are disclosed. A resonant dielectric cavity is defined between upper and lower conducting layers, and closed at one end by a conducting base portion. Incident radiation couples into the cavity and is resonantly enhanced. An electronic device or tag paced at the edge of the cavity experiences a high electric field strength on account of this enhancement and is driven into operation.

Abstract: Disclosed are composite laminates that can exhibit high strength and/or low dielectric loss and can also be lightweight. The laminates include layers formed of high modulus polyolefin fiber. The fibers can be woven or knit to form a fabric or can be included in a nonwoven fabric that can be one or more layers of the composite structures. The layers including the high modulus polyolefin fibers can include other fibers, such as fiberglass. The composites can also include layers of other materials, for instance layers formed of polyaramids, fiberglass, or carbon fiber wovens or nonwovens. The composites can advantageously be utilized in low loss dielectric applications, such as in forming circuit board substrates, or in applications beneficially combining strength with low weight, such as automobile and boat materials.

Abstract: A compound antenna apparatus includes a plurality of antenna units, a top case covering the antenna units, and a cable connected to one of the antenna units and led out of the top case, wherein the top case includes a case main surface, a case wall portion standing in the vicinity of an edge of the case main surface; and an opening formed by cutting an edge of the case wall portion so that the cable is pulled out to an exterior portion of the top case through the opening, and the opening having one surface and the other surface that face each other, a first rib and a second rib respectively formed and protruding at the surface and the other surface of the opening so as to sandwich the cable.

Abstract: An antenna device is provided which is capable of saving space, of operating in wide bands (in a multi-band) and of achieving an excellent gain and maintaining non-directivity of vertically polarized waves in each band. The antenna device has a conductor antenna. An end portion 111a on one end side of the conductor antenna is mounted as a power feeding section and an end portion 112a on the other end side of the conductor antenna 110 is mounted as an open end terminal. The antenna device also has a base body made of an insulating material which is coupled to one end and other end of the conductor antenna. The base band is coupled in a place where an electric field strength of the conductor antenna having a folded-back portion is increased, thus achieving the wideband and high-gain antenna device.

Abstract: Portable communication devices are provided that include a board for receiving electrical circuits and have a ground plane and at least one throughhole. The devices also include an antenna element on one side of the board and an acoustic element placed on the board and aligned with the throughhole. The devices further include a mesh of electrically conducting material positioned between a cover of the acoustic element and the board. The mesh can be connected to the ground plane of the board to enhance the efficiency of the antenna.