Abstract: An improved air-breathing electrostatic ion thruster specially configured for use in low-Earth atmosphere comprises a housing having an electrically conductive inner surface defining an ionization chamber. Ambient atmospheric gas passes through a forward screen electrode at the chamber inlet to be ionized by an inner electrode disposed in the chamber. The ions are directed rearward through the aligned apertures of a rearward screen electrode and an accelerator electrode at the chamber outlet to generate thrust. A source of electrical power, which can be solar cells, a battery and/or a generator, provides current of a first polarity to the inner surface, forward screen electrode and rearward screen electrode and current of a second polarity to the inner electrode and accelerator electrode. A controller controls the amount and/or polarity of the current. Magnets disposed about the chamber improve ionization. A neutralizing mechanism near the chamber outlet keeps the ion thruster electrically neutral.

Abstract: A method for managing the temperature of an E-diesel catalyst by distilling out a portion of the ethanol, injecting the distilled ethanol into exhaust gasses upstream of the catalyst, reacting the distilled ethanol with excess oxygen in the exhaust gasses to produce heat, and controlling the ethanol injection using various engine parameters.

Abstract: A NOX occlusion and reduction catalyst 7 is arranged in an exhaust path 2 of an engine 1 to purify NOX in the exhaust gas. An electronic control unit (ECU) 30 of the engine operates the engine in an operating mode in which the exhaust gas increases in temperature with the air-fuel ratio thereof kept rich each time a predetermined amount of SOX is occluded in the catalyst 7, and executes the SOX poisoning restoration process for releasing SOX from the catalyst 7. The ECU controls the engine air-fuel ratio in such a manner that the H2 concentration in the exhaust gas detected by the H2 sensor arranged in the exhaust path upstream of the catalyst 7 is in a predetermined range. As a result, an appropriate amount of hydrogen is supplied to the catalyst 7 during the SOX poisoning restoration process.

Abstract: An exhaust gas control apparatus for an internal combustion engine includes an exhaust gas purification catalyst device provided in an exhaust passage for the engine; an HC adsorption portion, provided in the exhaust passage, which adsorbs hydrocarbon in exhaust gas; a passage switching portion that selectively closes/opens a second passage bypassing the HC adsorption portion using an intake pipe negative pressure in the engine so that the exhaust gas flows in a first passage provided with the HC adsorption portion, or in the first passage and the second passage; and a control portion that controls the negative pressure so that the second passage is closed, when a predetermined condition is satisfied at the time of start of the engine. The control portion executes at least one of a control that advances the valve timing of an intake valve, and a control that reduces the opening amount of a throttle valve.

Abstract: An exhaust gas system for an internal combustion engine includes an intake system and an exhaust outlet interconnected by an exhaust gas recirculation line having an exhaust treatment unit and a heat exchanger. The heat exchanger has a first back pressure and the exhaust treatment unit has a second back pressure, smaller than the first back pressure. The exhaust treatment unit is disposed at such a first distance from the heat exchanger in flow direction that, during operation, a gas flow entering the exhaust treatment unit is homogenized. The exhaust gas system permits an advantageous configuration of a heat exchanger and an exhaust treatment unit, such as for example a honeycomb body in the exhaust gas recirculation line, in which both the heat exchanger and the exhaust treatment unit can have a smaller structure than in conventional systems. This reduces costs considerably for equipping such a system.

Abstract: A reconfigurable exhaust system provides selective positioning of exhaust gas treatment devices either near, or spaced from, the exhaust gas outlet port of a turbine of a turbocharged Diesel engine. In some embodiments, auxiliary air or a heat exchanger are arranged to cool the exhaust gas when required.

Abstract: In a control device for an internal combustion engine provided with a NOX catalytic converter in an exhaust passage thereof, the progress of sulfur purging is computed from the consumption of reducing agent contained in the exhaust gas in the NOX catalytic converter. This computation may be based on the air fuel ratio of exhaust gas upstream of the NOX catalytic converter and the estimated consumption of the reducing agent contained in the exhaust gas or on the difference between the air fuel ratios of exhaust gas upstream and downstream of the NOX catalytic converter. In either case, the accuracy can be improved by taking into account the space velocity of the exhaust gas.

Abstract: An engine control system (28) causes combustion chambers (20) to be fueled during an engine cycle by a main injection (38) ending no later than substantially at the TDC between compression and expansion strokes of the cycle without any further injection of fuel during the expansion stroke, and then during the exhaust stroke of the cycle, by a post-injection (40) for elevating the temperature of the gases into a regeneration temperature range for regenerating a diesel particulate filter (36).

Abstract: The invention provides methods for regenerating pollutant storage and catalytic components of an internal combustion engine's exhaust gas aftertreatment system. These methods include introducing reductant in to catalytic components requiring regeneration in series of discreet portions during a Scheduled Regeneration Event. Typically the flow of exhaust gas to the catalytic component undergoing regeneration is at least partially reduced.

Abstract: The invention provides a soot collection quantity measuring device for a diesel particulate filter. The soot collection quantity measuring device for a diesel particulate filter includes: an anion charging unit that is provided in an exhaust pipe in front of a diesel particulate filter and has a plurality of conductor flat plates in parallel with one another, and a capacitor that is provided at the back of the anion charging unit and has upper and lower electrode plates connected to a direct-current high-voltage power supply. The soot particulates pass through the anion charging unit which is negatively charged, and the charged soot particulates are collected in the upper electrode plate by an electric field between the upper and lower electrode plate.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a diesel exhaust treatment device including a catalytic converter positioned upstream from a diesel particulate filter. An electric heater is positioned between the catalytic converter and the diesel particulate filter. A shore station can be used to provide power and combustion air to the diesel exhaust treatment device during regeneration of the diesel particulate filter.

Abstract: A diesel exhaust system includes a supply of diesel fuel. The system further includes a first reduction path having a diesel fuel-fired burner operated to partially oxidize diesel fuel supplied thereto from the supply of diesel fuel and to introduce at least one of CO and H2 into an exhaust stream. The first reduction path further includes an oxidation catalyst and a first emissions reduction component that is configured to be regenerated by CO and H2 in the exhaust system. An associated method is disclosed.

Abstract: An exhaust purification device is provided to selectively perform a combustion purge control and an exhaust addition purge control in response to an operation state of the internal combustion engine. The combustion purge control process is performed in the case where a NOx occlusion amount of a NOx catalyst is lager than or equal to a first threshold value, and the exhaust addition purge control process is performed in the case where the NOx occlusion amount of the NOx catalyst is lager than or equal to a second threshold value which is larger than the first threshold value.

Abstract: For an exhaust emission control device of an internal combustion engine with a support which has a catalytically active coating for absorbing oxygen (O2) in the reduction of the exhaust gas and for releasing oxygen in the oxidation of the exhaust gas, it is proposed that the catalytically active coating comprises different materials (A, B, C) which can store oxygen and which each form a component storage unit (MA, MB, MC) for the oxygen (O2), the first material (A) at lambda ?<1 changing its oxidation stage and constituting a first component storage unit (MA) for oxygen (O2), the second material (B) at lambda ?=1 changing its oxidation stage and constituting a second component storage unit (MB) for oxygen (O2), and the third material (C) at lambda ?>1 changing its oxidation stage and constituting a third component storage unit (MC) for oxygen (O2).

Abstract: The invention relates to an system, especially a turbo-compressor system pertaining to a motor vehicle comprising an internal combustion engine with exhaust gas recirculation. Said system comprises an exhaust gas cooler (2) and a charge air cooler (1) for cooling recirculate exhaust gases and/or charge air, a compressor (V) for compressing the charge air, and at least on condenser (3).

Abstract: Disclosed is a drive unit operable to translate and rotate a shaft, the drive unit including: (i) a hollow electric motor having a rotor, (ii) a fluid cylinder, (iii) means for connecting the shaft to the rotor of the hollow electric motor, (iv) means permitting the shaft to move lengthwise coupled with the fluid cylinder, and (iv) means connecting the fluid cylinder to the shaft, whereby the shaft may be rotated by the hollow electric motor and moved lengthwise by the fluid cylinder, and wherein the fluid cylinder has an outer wall coupled with the rotor of the hollow electric motor.

Abstract: A rotary control valve for a vehicle hydrostatic transmission includes a hydraulic pump and a hydraulic motor. The valve is configured to control both a direction and a speed of the hydrostatic transmission. The rotary control valve includes a rotary valve plate configured to oscillate through a range of less than 180 degrees independently of the pump and the motor.

Abstract: The Philippians 419 Engine is a machine that produces kinetic energy by using the phenomenon of buoyancy and gravity. No fuel is consumed and no waste elements are produced thus, an inexpensive form of power generation is produced and the Earth can be left alone to heal. The Christian Bible in Philippians 4:19 states that GOD will meet all of our needs. This engine is one way HE is doing just that.

Abstract: A closed piping comprised of ground water pipe of a water supply system buried in the stratum and a closed water pipe provided on the ground to execute thermal conduction for equilibrating temperature from the thermal energy in the deeper stratum to a subject matter on the ground by the current running in the closed water pipes.

Abstract: A rocket engine chamber has a back structure and a heat exchanger structure located radially inwardly of the back structure. The heat exchanger structure has a plurality of integrally formed cooling passageways with adjacent ones of the passageways having a common sidewall structure. Each passageway has a top section which forms the wall that contacts the hot gases. The top section is formed by a wall structure having an inner and outer surface formed by an arc of a circle and a substantially constant wall thickness.

Abstract: A thermal management system locates a separate engine heat exchanger and generator heat exchanger into an engine nacelle pylon that is split to provide independent control of both a generator cooling circuit and an engine cooling circuit. A variable exhaust nozzle is provided downstream of each heat exchanger as each has different thermal and heat rejection requirements such that intake air is minimized and maximum thrust is produced in response to the current generator load and engine heat rejection.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine system including a plurality of bleed off doors forming a portion of a conical surface in the flow path between the low pressure compressor and the intermediate pressure compressor. A plurality of actuators are coupled to a unison ring and move the unison ring in a substantially axial direction. The plurality of bleed off doors are coupled to the unison ring and move therewith.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a power system comprises: a first compressor unit, a syngas generator in fluid communication with a fuel stream and the first compressor unit, a syngas expander unit configured to directly receive the first syngas stream from the syngas generator, a first steam generator, a water gas shift reactor, and a carbon dioxide removal unit. The first compressor unit is configured to compress an air stream and form a first pressurized stream, while the syngas generator is configured to generate a first syngas stream. The syngas expander is configured to reduce the pressure of the first syngas stream. The first steam generator is configured to cool the second syngas stream. The carbon dioxide removal unit configured to remove carbon dioxide from the converted syngas stream.

Abstract: A high-efficient heat cycle device formed by combining a heat engine (A) with a refrigerating machine (J), wherein steam (Eg) generated in a boiler (B) is cooled by a condenser (Y1) after driving turbine (S2), built up by a pump (P2), and circulated into the boiler (B) in the form of high-pressure condensate. Refrigerant gas (Fg) compressed by a compressor (C) is passed through the radiating side of a heat exchanger (7) for cooling after driving the turbine (S) to output a work (W1), and built up by a pump (P1) to form high-pressure refrigerant liquid. The high-pressure refrigerant liquid drives a reaction water-turbine (K) to output a work (W2) and is expanded and vaporized to form refrigerant gas. The refrigerant gas is led into the compressor (C) after being passed through the heat absorbing side of the heat exchanger (7) and the condenser (Y1) for heating.

Abstract: The invention is a solid-state thermoelectric cooling device for attachment to a personal or laptop computer. The device consists of a plurality of thermoelectric coolers that are mounted on a heat exchanger, each powered by less than about 12 volts DC, which provides a cold face on a thermoelectric cooling panel which is mounted on the top or a side of the computer. The internal temperature of the computer is controlled to avoid moisture condensation.

Abstract: A heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) system for a hybrid vehicle is disclosed, the HVAC system including at least one thermoelectric device for providing supplemental heating and cooling for air supplied to a passenger compartment of the vehicle to maximize an efficiency of operation of the hybrid vehicle during operation of the HVAC system.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for a vehicle is shown, wherein the heat exchanger includes a plurality of tubes having integrated thermoelectric devices disposed thereon to facilitate heat transfer between the tubes and an atmosphere surrounding the tubes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for the cleaning of a process gas (1) through cryocondensation in a cryogenic cooler (TK). According to the invention the process gas is precooled in a condensate precooler (KVK) in indirect heat exchange with the condensate (5) separated from the process gas (1, 2, 3) in the cryogenic cooler (TK) before it is directed into the cryogenic cooler (TK).

Abstract: An air conditioner including a refrigerant circuit including a compressor, an outdoor heat exchanger and an indoor heat exchanger which are successively connected to one another, a housing for accommodating the indoor heat exchanger, an air suction port for sucking air, an air blow-out port for blowing out air to a room, an air blowing fan for making air flow from the air suction port to the air blow-out port to form an air flow passage, and an air filtering unit that is disposed in the air flow passage extending from the air suction port to the air blow-out port and bringing air heat-exchanged by the indoor heat exchanger into contact with liquid having a filtering effect.

Abstract: A defrosting method of a drum-type washing machine is provided. The defrosting method includes performing a warm water supply operation upon receiving a defrost command from a user; performing a water discharge operation; performing a heating operation if a water level has not yet decreased; and performing an additional water discharge operation. Therefore, it is possible to easily and quickly defrost a drum-type washing machine without the need to pour boiling water into the drum-type washing machine.

Abstract: An air conditioning system includes an indoor heat exchange unit which exchanges heat with indoor air, and an outdoor heat exchange unit which exchanges heat with outdoor air. The outdoor heat exchange unit performs a defrosting operation to remove frost from the outdoor heat exchange unit while the indoor heat exchange unit simultaneously performs a heating operation to heat the indoor air.

Abstract: Heat pumps move heat from a source to a warmer sink, with Bernoulli heat pumps accomplishing this movement by reducing the temperature in a portion of the generally-warmer heat-sink flow. Heat flows spontaneously from the generally cooler heat-source flow into the locally cold portion of the heat-sink flow, which is the neck of a Venturi. The temperature reduction results from the Bernoulli conversion of random gas-particle motion (temperature and pressure) into directed motion (flow). This invention is a Bernoulli heat pump in which the heat transfer into the Venturi neck exploits unusual thermodynamic transport properties of rare-gases. Rare gases, especially mixtures of them, possess unusually small Prandtl numbers and thereby facilitate the diffusion of random particle motion (heat) relative to the diffusion of directed particle motion (viscosity), viscous friction being responsible for most of the power consumed by a Bernoulli heat pump.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and device for establishing and maintaining defined temperature and hygrometric conditions inside premises. The method comprises the following steps: a supply reservoir (1) is filled with water; water contained in the supply reservoir (1) passes into tubes (3) or hollow profiled elements (3) of an evaporator/exchanger (2); part of the water is exuded on the outer walls of the tubes (3) or hollow profiled elements (3); a thin film of water is created on the outer walls; said film of water is subsequently evaporated, whereby the water circulating in the tubes (3) is cooled; a flow of air to be cooled is generated with the aid of ventilation means (7); the refrigerated water in said air flow is atomized with the aid of atomizing means (6) in order to create a humidified and cooled air flow.

Abstract: A dehumidifier includes an air flow path with first, second and third segments in series from upstream to downstream and passing ambient air respectively to an evaporator coil then to a condenser coil and then discharging same. The air flow path has a fourth segment passing ambient air to the condenser coil in parallel with the noted second air flow path segment.

Abstract: A working substance pairing comprising a working substance and an ionic liquid, its use in absorption heat pumps, absorption refrigeration machines and heat transformers and also corresponding apparatuses.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for providing virtual temperature sensor to control temperatures in a data processing system. In one aspect, a data processing system includes a virtual temperature sensor to provide system temperature for different system configurations, and a controller coupled to the sensor to control operations of the data processing system according to the virtual temperature. The virtual temperature sensor typically derives the temperature of a particular configuration of the data processing system using mathematical models or one or more operating parameters of the data processing system. In one example, the mathematical models include a characterization table which provides the measured temperature data from various system configurations. These measurements are performed with temperature sensors positioned in ideal locations for different configuration, and are preprocessed to provide the virtual temperature computation.

Abstract: A method for controlling an electronic expansion valve (EEV) in an air conditioner using a compressor includes the steps of: (a) opening the EEV completely when a power is applied to the air conditioner in stand-by mode; (b) closing the EEV completely when the air conditioner starts a cooling or a heating operation; (c) calculating an indoor heat load; (d) calculating a reference opening pulse frequency of the EEV; and (e) controlling in a stepwise manner an opening pulse frequency of the EEV based on the reference opening pulse frequency of the EEV. The opening pulse frequency of the EEV is controlled in a stepwise manner until it reaches the reference opening pulse frequency of the EEV.

Abstract: A method for controlling a start-up operation of an air conditioner having a compressor and an indoor and an outdoor fan includes the steps of: (a) calculating indoor cooling/heating load; (b) calculating a reference operating frequency of the compressor; (c) driving the indoor and the outdoor fan during a first time period to thereby adjust pressure equilibrium between an indoor and an outdoor pressure; (d) driving the compressor during a preset time period while increasing an operating frequency of the; and (e) setting the operating frequency of the compressor to the reference operating frequency and driving the compressor. The operating frequency of the compressor is increased in a stepwise manner during the preset time period and kept to be lower than the reference operation frequency throughout the preset time period.

Abstract: Desalination apparatus based on porous restraint panels fabricated from a number of different layers of metal, thermoplastic, or other substances are used as sophisticated heat exchangers to control the growth of gas hydrate. The gas hydrate is produced after infusion of liquid hydrate-forming material into water to be treated, which liquid hydrate-forming material can also be used to carry out all the refrigeration necessary to cool seawater to near the point of hydrate formation and to cool the porous restraint panels. Hydrate forms on and dissociates through the porous restraints. The composite restraint panels can also be used in gaseous atmospheres where, for instance, it is desired to remove dissolved water.

Abstract: An azeotrope spray cooling system for utilizing an azeotrope coolant for improving the performance of a spray cooling system. An azeotrope coolant is utilized within a two-phase thermal management system for thermally managing one or more heat producing devices. The characteristics of the azeotrope coolant may be adjusted for various types of thermal management applications by altering the components of the azeotrope coolant.

Abstract: A cooling device, in particular for a switchgear cabinet with a housing, in which a refrigeration cycle system is housed, wherein the refrigeration cycle system has vibration-generating elements, namely a compressor and at least one fan. The fan and the compressor are supported in the housing via vibration dampers. For preventing vibratory emissions a cooling device in accordance with this invention has the fan and/or the compressor separately supported by first vibration dampers on an intermediate bracket, or together on an intermediate bracket. The intermediate bracket is supported by second vibration dampers on a bracket, and the bracket is connected to the housing.

Abstract: An indoor unit of an air conditioner includes a cross flow fan and an indoor heat exchanger. The cross flow fan generates a flow of air. The heat exchanger has a two row part and a one row part. The one row part has an area that is smaller than the two row part, and is disposed so that it overlaps one part of the two row part (83) in an air transit direction. Furthermore, during a cooling operation, a refrigerant flows to the two row part before flowing to the one row part.

Abstract: A refrigerator includes a container that encloses a cooling space that is adapted to store food, a refrigerating circuit that lowers the temperature of cooling space, a moving support fixture that is adapted to move the refrigerator with small force, and a manual moving fixture that is adapted to move the refrigerator with manual force. The container includes an access device that allows access into the cooling space. The access device is at least partially transparent so that the inside of the cooling space is visible from outside the refrigerator. The access device is a door or lid, and is made of a transparent and thermally insulating material. The manual moving fixture includes a handle. The moving support fixture comprises a plurality of casters that are attached to the container.

Abstract: The invention concerns an absorption cooling system for a motor vehicle using water as coolant and an absorbent. Said system comprises a circuit designed to ensure circulation of the coolant, when the engine is stopped, from the evaporator (3) to the absorber (4) passing through the electromagnetic valve (10) through the continued operation of the evaporator pump (7) for a predetermined duration and through maintaining the electromagnetic valve (10) in open position after the engine has stopped for another predetermined duration before it is closed. The evaporator pump (7) is kept in operation upon closure of the electromagnetic valve (10) so as to allow the coolant to circulate in the circuit from the evaporator (3) to the boiler (1) passing through the exchanger (6). Said system enables, when the engine is stopped, the zones containing residual deposits of absorbent to be diluted thereby preventing crystallization of said residual deposits.

Abstract: An adsorption type heat exchanger includes a heat exchange part, in which a thermal medium circulates, and adsorbents made of particles. The adsorbents are fixed on an outer surface of the heat exchange part, to adsorb refrigerant vapor when a temperature of the thermal medium is low, and to desorb the adsorbed refrigerant vapor when the temperature of the thermal medium is high. In addition, percents of the adsorbents having particle sizes about in a range from 0 to 42 ?m are about 90% and over of the whole adsorbents.

Abstract: An evaporator including a heat exchange core of tube groups in plural parallel rows in a front-rear direction, each including plural heat exchange tubes in a left-right direction at a spacing, and a tank at the heat exchange core lower end and having headers in the front-rear direction. The heat exchange tubes are joined to the headers, while inserted through respective tube insertion holes in a top wall of the header. Adjacent headers connect to each other by a connector providing a drain gutter with front, rear opposite side faces extending respectively forwardly, rearwardly away from each other as the side faces extend upward. Each insertion hole has one end adjacent to the connector positioned in the drain gutter side face, and each heat exchange tube has a side end adjacent to the connector positioned in the drain gutter. The connector has drain holes extending therethrough.

Abstract: A terminal block assembly for the connection and control of sealed compressors, particularly for home refrigerators and the like, comprising a bracket element adapted to be connected to the body of a compressor, a supporting body which is adapted to be connected to the bracket element and to the fusite of the compressor and supports a protector and a starter for the compressor, and a covering element adapted to mate with the bracket element, for covering the supporting body of the compressor, the covering element being provided with elastically flexible means, which allow mating with a surface of the bracket element, the covering element being adapted to abut at one end against the bracket element, in order to be turned, for closure, on the bracket element, by interference between the elastically flexible means of the covering element and a tooth of the bracket element.

Abstract: A process for liquefying natural gas in conjunction with producing a liquid stream containing predominantly hydrocarbons heavier than methane is disclosed. In the process, the natural gas stream to be liquefied is partially cooled, expanded to an intermediate pressure, and supplied to a distillation column. The bottom product from this distillation column preferentially contains the majority of any hydrocarbons heavier than methane that would otherwise reduce the purity of the liquefied natural gas. The residual gas stream from the distillation column is compressed to a higher intermediate pressure, cooled under pressure to condense it, and then expanded to low pressure to form the liquefied natural gas stream.

Abstract: A multi-purpose silicon fashion band has two removable clip portions one on each end of the band and central graphics located centrally between the two ends so that the user can cut the band on both ends to a desired size and re-attach the clip portions with the graphics remaining central. The clips are a friction fir to allow the connection to be broken if a pulling force is exceeded to avoid danger to the wearer. The graphics include letters punched through the rubber of the band for a astron visibility.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an optical component in which an optical function of the component is created for electromagnetic radiation in an application wavelength range, using laser machining with laser radiation in a machining wavelength range, characterized in that the following steps are carried out: 1) A solid body is provided that is made from a material that in the raw state absorbs the laser radiation in the machining wavelength range, 2) Laser machining is carried out on the solid body employing one or more machining steps and 3) The material of the solid body is transformed into a final state in which the solid body is transparent to the electromagnetic radiation in the application wavelength range and thus fulfills the intended optical function.