Abstract: A method of injecting a liquid into a liquid container detachably mounted on a liquid consuming device, the liquid container comprising: a liquid containing chamber containing the liquid; a liquid supply port connectable to the liquid consuming device; a liquid guide path for guiding the liquid contained in the liquid containing chamber to the liquid supply port; an air communicating path communicating the liquid containing chamber with air and having a communicating passage portion that is narrower than at least a part of other communicating paths in the air communicating path and can store some liquid contained in the liquid containing chamber by a meniscus; and a liquid residual quantity sensor provided in the liquid guide path for outputting different signals in accordance with a residual amount of the liquid in the liquid containing portion, wherein the liquid contained in the liquid containing chamber can be blocked from the air by the liquid stored in the communicating passage portion, the method compr

Abstract: A liquid ejecting apparatus of the invention includes a distance obtaining unit that obtains a distance between the nozzle of the head and a medium to which the liquid is ejected. The driving signal is a periodical signal including a first pulse-wave capable of ejecting a drop of the liquid having a predetermined volume at a relatively low speed, and a second pulse-wave capable of ejecting a drop of the liquid having the predetermined volume at a relatively high speed, the predetermined volume corresponding to a predetermined level data. The driving-pulse generator is adapted to generate, when the selected level data is the predetermined level data: a driving-pulse including only the first pulse-wave when a distance obtained by the distance obtaining unit is not less than a predetermined value; and a driving-pulse including only the second pulse-wave when the distance is less than the predetermined value.

Abstract: A fluid printing process such as one that includes subdividing a desired printed pattern into geometrical elements and thereafter sequentially printing these elements in a series of subsets by depositing one or more fluid formulations onto a substrate, and subsequently exposing the deposited fluids to energy in order to dry the deposited one or more fluids substantially and immediately upon deposition so as to control at least one of solid deposition and surface roughness.

Abstract: A method of printing dots in an area on a page using a plurality of printing passes of a printhead over the area, includes processing continuous tone data representing an image through N halftoning iterations to generate N halftone patterns of dots for the area; and printing each individual halftone pattern of the N halftone patterns during the plurality of printing passes, with each individual halftone pattern of the N halftone patterns being printed on a different printing pass of the plurality of printing passes over the area.

Abstract: This invention provides a printing method of printing on a print medium with a print unit having a printing head. The method includes: generating dot data representing a status of dot formation on each print pixel of a print image to be formed on the print medium, by performing halftone process on image data representing a tone value of each pixel making up an original image to determine the status of dot formation; and printing a print image by forming dots on each print pixel of the print medium according to the dot data during both forward scan and backward scan of the printing head while performing main scan of the printing head.

Abstract: A supply cartridge for containing a supply of imaging substance includes a cartridge body, and a light pipe attached to the cartridge body. The light pipe has a light output, and a light input for receiving light from an external light source.

Abstract: In order to calculate a threshold value for a detection signal output from an optical sensor in accordance with a state of a target object in a liquid ejecting apparatus, the optical sensor includes a light emitting element operable to irradiate the detected object and a light receiving element operable to detect a light amount which varies in accordance with the state of the target object. The detection signal is output from the optical sensor, based oh the detected light amount. A level of the detection signal is adjusted so as to fall within a prescribed range. The threshold value is calculated based on the adjusted level of the detection signal.

Abstract: An adjusting device for adjusting printing heads of inkjet printing machine includes a base connected to a printing unit and a plurality of printing assemblies are respectively connected to the base. Each printing assembly has a printing head connected thereto and a connection board is connected to an end wall of each printing assembly. Three adjusting members extend through the end board and contact against the end wall, and the three adjusting members are located at three peaks of an imaginary right triangle on the end board so as to adjust the printing head in different directions. A fourth adjusting member extends through the end board and is fixed to the end wall. The fourth adjusting member is located at a center of weight of the imaginary right triangle.

Abstract: Two yellow buffer tanks communicate with each other through a communication portion so that yellow ink in the yellow ink cartridge is supplied to two nozzle arrays for yellow ink independently provided apart from each other. In the ink outlet provided in each of the yellow buffer tanks, a check valve is provided that allows supply of yellow ink to the corresponding nozzle array and inhibits an ink flow in the opposite direction.

Abstract: A printhead assembly for an inkjet printer. The assembly comprises: a plurality of printhead modules, each module having: a plurality of inlets for receiving ink; and a printhead integrated circuit with an array of nozzles in fluid communication with the plurality of ink inlets for ejecting ink; a flexible printed circuit board for conducting power and data from the printer to each printhead integrated circuit; and a flexible extrusion having a plurality of outlets in fluid communication with the plurality of inlets of the plurality of printhead modules, wherein the extrusion supplies ink provided by the printer to the array of nozzles of the printhead integrated circuit.

Abstract: A liquid-discharge recording head includes large nozzles for discharging large liquid drops and medium and small nozzles for discharging medium and small liquid drops that are smaller than the large liquid drops. The large nozzles are arranged on one side of an ink-supply opening and the medium and small nozzles are arranged on the other side of the ink-supply opening. The number of large nozzles is greater than the number of medium and small nozzles, and the liquid-discharge recording head performs high-speed printing using the large nozzles, high-speed photo printing using the medium and small nozzles, and high-quality photo printing using the small nozzles.

Abstract: A thermal inkjet actuator for use in an inkjet printer assembly includes heat conduction means arranged to realize a predetermined negative pressure profile to facilitate droplet formation. In a preferred embodiment the heat conduction means comprises a thin layer (54) of very high thermally conductive material such as Aluminium located in the middle of a non-heat conductive passive bend layer (56). The overall cool-down speed of the actuator, and hence the speed with which the passive bend layer returns to its quiescent position can be controlled by controlling the proximity of the heat conductive layer to the actuator's heater during fabrication.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an apparatus for jetting droplets using an electrostatic field, the apparatus includes a body, a chamber, an actuator, a nozzle, and a pillar-shaped member. The body is configured to contain and support a chamber, an actuator, a nozzle, and a pillar-shaped member and configured. The chamber is formed to have a predetermined volume in the body and accommodate a predetermined amount of fluid. The actuator is formed on the body, and configured to jet the fluid accommodated in the chamber using a controllable electrostatic field. The nozzle is configured to pass through the upper portion of the chamber and the central portion of the actuator, and to allow the fluid accommodated in the chamber to flow therethrough. The pillar-shaped member is located in a direction extending from the longitudinal central axis of the nozzle, and is configured to be electrically grounded and guide the fluid to smoothly flow to the inlet of the nozzle.

Abstract: A nozzle arrangement for a printhead. The nozzle arrangement includes: a chamber having a nozzle, wherein the chamber is in fluid communication with an ink supply which provides ink to the chamber; an actuator arm having a first layer, a second layer and a central member located between the first and second layers; and a thermal energy supply in thermal communication with the second layer of the actuator arm, wherein when thermal energy is provided by the thermal energy supply to at least a portion of the second layer of the actuator arm, the actuator arm displaces, causing an ink meniscus located at the nozzle to expand.

Abstract: A droplet discharging head at least containing a plurality of droplet-discharging nozzle holes to discharge droplets, a plurality of independent droplet discharging chambers that communicate with the respective droplet-discharging nozzle holes and discharge droplets from the droplet-discharging nozzle holes using pressure generated in the chambers, an discharging mechanism for droplet discharging composed of a droplet discharging actuator that is provided at a portion of each of the droplet discharging chambers to generate pressure in the droplet discharging chambers, and a reservoir that communicates commonly with the droplet discharging chambers via an orifice provided at each of the droplet discharging chambers, including: a bubble discharging mechanism for bubble discharge that shares the same reservoir with the droplet discharging mechanism for droplet discharging.

Abstract: Disclosed is an ink jet head which can eject an ink droplet while preventing failure of ink ejection, resulting in printing an image having good print quality. The ink jet head comprises a plurality of pressure chambers, a nozzle fluidly communicating with respective pressure chamber, first common ink chamber provided on one edge of the pressure chamber, second common ink chamber provided on the other edge of the pressure chamber, and an ink channel fluidly communicating the first common ink chamber with the second. An ultrasonic transducer arranged in a part of the ink channel causes the ink in ink channel to circulate through a passage way formed of the ink channel, the first and second common, ink chambers and pressure chamber.

Abstract: A liquid-droplet jetting apparatus includes a pressure-applying mechanism and a channel unit. The channel unit has a stacked body made of a plurality of metal plates. A plurality of pressure chambers arranged in a row in one direction, a plurality of manifolds which are arranged to be mutually adjacent and which extend in the one direction, and a plurality of communication channels each communicating one of the pressure chambers with one of the manifolds are formed in the stacked body. Here, the communication channels have channel resistances which are same. It is possible to divide the manifold into a plurality of divided manifold portions, and the construction of the channel unit as a whole can be made compact while suppressing the variation in jetting characteristic, thereby making the size of the liquid-droplet jetting apparatus to be small.

Abstract: A negative pressure ink supply system includes (1) a primary ink cartridges, (2) a secondary ink cartridges, which are connected by means of an ink tubes with the negative pressure ink cartridge assemblies provided between the secondary ink cartridges and the jet head. The ink, pumped from the primary ink cartridge, is put into the secondary ink cartridge, wherein it is supplied to the negative pressure ink cartridge and then in turn from the negative pressure ink cartridge to the jet head. The liquid level in the secondary cartridge is lower than the jet head surface and adjustable. The negative pressure ink supply system is suitable for image-printing equipment by supplying liquid ink, such as large format machines, portrait machines, plotters, etc.

Abstract: An ink priming system for an inkjet printhead is provided. The system has a priming inlet of the printhead for receiving a supply of priming ink, an ink flow passage interconnecting the printhead and an ink storage compartment, and a bypass flow passage interconnecting the ink flow passage and the ink storage compartment. The bypass flow passage incorporates a depressible region which is depressible to open or close the bypass flow passage. The priming ink flows from the printhead to the ink storage compartment via the ink flow and bypass flow passages to prime both the printhead and the ink storage compartment with ink simultaneously.

Abstract: A fluid reservoir is disclosed that includes a facade that attaches to an ink tank body and has a distinctive color, curvature and/or keying function that prevents the reservoir from being improperly inserted into a printing device. Further, a method of mounting a RFID tag is described that includes, in some embodiments, the use of the facade cavity as a secure location for the RFID tag.

Abstract: [Object] To provide a liquid container allowing improvement of its dimensional precision. [Solving Means] An ink cartridge 22 as a liquid container includes a case 23 having a case body 30 and a lid case 32, and a moving member 36 attached to a surface of a flexible ink pack 25 housed in the case 23. The moving member 36 assumes different positional attitudes inside the case 23 in accordance with the volume of the ink pack 25 that is gradually reduced as the ink therein is consumed, so as to be detected by a detector provided in a printer when the moving member 36 assumes a positional attitude indicating that the ink pack 25 has become empty of ink. The case body 30, lid case 32, and moving member 36 are molded of a material containing at least polylactic acid to achieve a low mold shrinkage rate.

Abstract: An ink tank of the foam type which is provided with a detected portion capable of exactly and surely detecting the amount of ink used by the printer or remaining in the ink tank. The ink tank includes a sub ink chamber that is diposed or formed between a main ink chamber and an ink outlet of an ink tank of a foam type. When an amount of air flowing into the sub ink chamber increases, one or more reflecting surfaces of a right-angled prism, which function as ink interfaces, resume their original function of reflecting surfaces, thereby enabling the detection of an ink end. Air bubbles having entered the sub ink chamber are surely led onto the one or more reflecting surfaces by a bubble storage part. At an ink passage having a narrow width, which is defined by the one or more reflecting surfaces, air bubbles are pressed against the one or more reflecting surfaces to be put to a crushed state and in surface contact with the latter.

Abstract: An ink-jet ink including a pigment a dispersant, a water, a particulate resin (A) dyed with a fluorescent dye and having an average particle diameter of from 50 to 200 nm, and an emulsion of a self-emulsifiable polyurethane; and a method for preparing the ink-jet ink, an ink cartridge containing the ink-jet ink, an image forming method using the ink-jet ink, and an image formed with the ink-jet ink.

Abstract: Liquid packs 34 provided with liquid leading members 42 are stored in a container case 31 that is constituted by fitting a case main body portion 32 and a lid case 33 in fitting portions 27 and 28, support portions 13, which positions the liquid leading members 42 so as to be opposed to liquid introducing members 71 attached to a cartridge inserting portion 13, are provided on a front surface 32a of the container case 31, the fitting portions 27 and 28 are arranged in a state in which the fitting portions 27 and 28 traverses the support portions 43, and space portions 29 and 30 having a gap larger than a gap formed in the fitting portions 27 and 28 are formed near the support portions 43 in the fitting portions 27 and 28. In this way, liquid flowing through the fitting portions 27 and 28 due to the capillarity is retained by the space portions 29 and 30 and never flows to the fitting portions 27 and 28 further extending from the space portions 29 and 30.

Abstract: A liquid storage tank includes a circuit chip equipped with a pair of chip contact points on a flat connection outer surface on a chip main body positioned at a predetermined position of a tank main body, and a pair of connection terminal plates each including a chip contact piece positioned around the circuit chip and extending from one side of the connection outer surface to make contact with the corresponding chip contact point, and another circuit connection portion conductively connected to a contact point of another circuit.

Abstract: A method of injecting a liquid into a liquid container detachably mounted on a liquid consuming device, the liquid container including: a liquid containing chamber in which the liquid can be contained; a liquid supply hole connectable to the liquid consuming device; a liquid guide passage for guiding the liquid contained in the liquid containing chamber to the liquid supply hole; an air communicating passage communicating the liquid containing chamber with an air; and a liquid residual quantity sensor provided in the liquid guide passage and for outputting different signals between in a case where the liquid guide passage is filled with the liquid and in a case where the liquid guide passage includes air entered thereinto, wherein the liquid containing chamber including at least three liquid containing chambers, and wherein the liquid containing chambers are mutually connected so as to have a descending connection where a pair of the liquid containing chambers are mutually connected so that a liquid flow in t

Abstract: An ink cartridge for an ink jet printer having a housing having at least one wall. The ink cartridge further has at least two ink chambers for containing different ink accommodated in the housing. Ink supply ports are formed in one wall of the housing within each of the ink chambers. Each of the ink supply ports has an inner opening and an outer opening. The distance from the inner opening of a first ink supply port to that of a second ink supply port adjacent to the first ink supply port is different from a second distance from the outer opening of the first ink supply opening to that of the second ink supply port.

Abstract: An apparatus in an ink jet printer reduces the risk of clogged nozzles in ink jet printing machines by providing a negative pressure area in the vicinity of a localized high shear stress region that is located about a print head perimeter.

Abstract: An ink stick for a phase change ink jet printer is provided. The ink stick comprises a first ink stick body segment having a proximal portion and a distal portion, a second ink stick body segment having a proximal portion and a distal portion, and one or more flexible strand portions. The strand portion is formed integrally with the first ink stick body segment and the second ink stick body segment, and connects the proximal portion of the first ink stick body segment and the proximal portion of the second ink stick body segment. The strand portion flexes to permit variation in the distance between the distal portion of the first ink stick body segment and the distal portion of the second ink stick body segment.

Abstract: A removable ink tank includes a floor including an ink output port. A free ink chamber is located over the floor. A suspended ink chamber is located over the floor and around the ink output port. The suspended ink chamber is separated from the free ink chamber by a divider wall. The divider wall has an ink communication port located near the floor to facilitate fluid communication between the free ink chamber and the suspended ink chamber. A frame is formed around the ink communication port. The frame protrudes outwardly into the suspended ink chamber to ensure a good seal with the ink suspension member.

Abstract: An ink composition for inkjet recording, and more particularly, an ink composition for inkjet recording in which bleeding between colors of a printed image is reduced, and dry and wet rub fastness of a printed image are improved. The ink composition includes an oxylate-based compound and an amide compound.

Abstract: An ink jet recording method utilizing an ink set for ink jet recording which includes at least two types of liquids including an ink that contains at least a colorant, and a liquid composition that contains at least a component for aggregating and/or thickening the ink. The relation represented by the following formula (1) is satisfied: b2/a2<b1/a1 ??Formula (1) wherein a1 and b1 represent the respective amounts of the ink and the liquid composition applied per unit area, when the ink is applied to the recording material before the liquid composition is applied; a2 and b2 represent the respective amounts of the ink and the liquid composition applied per unit area, when the liquid composition is applied to the recording material before the ink is applied; and a1 and b1 satisfy the relation a1>b1 and a2 and b2 satisfy the relation a2>b2.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pigment dispersion that contains a carbon black, a dispersing agent and water, wherein the carbon black is any one of a channel black and a gas black, the dispersing agent is a sodium naphthalenesulfonate formalin condensate, and the total content of a dimer, a trimer and a tetramer of naphthalenesulfonate in the sodium naphthalenesulfonate formalin condensate is 20% by weight to 80% by weight. The present invention also provides an inkjet ink using the pigment dispersion.

Abstract: A printing device for inkjet printing machine includes a base having a printing unit connected thereto and the printing unit includes a plurality of printing heads and ink cartridges. An UV beam generating device is connected to a side of the base and has an aperture defined in an underside thereof so that the UV beams goes through the aperture and toward an object to be printed. An anti-scattering device is connected between the printing heads and the aperture so as to keep the UV beams away from the nozzles of the printing heads.

Abstract: An electronic printer comprising a source of charged toner particles, a writing head capable of imaging individual toner particles, means to transfer the toner image to a print substrate, and a fuser. The writing head employs toner conveyors driven by voltage traveling waves. Imaging is achieved using a diverter electrode in each toner conveyor, and diverted toner is returned to the toner source. High speed is achieved using a plurality of independent toner conveyors that operate in parallel. A printing press capable of printing variable images at 200 feet per minute with a print width of 48 inches and a print resolution of 2,400 dots per inch is described.

Abstract: A picker for compact discs is provided on a picker head and includes a finger which pivots relative to the picker head and will move from a retracted position within a guide that enters the opening in a compact disc to an outward extended position. When the finger is pivoted outwardly, a lug on the finger will engage the edge surface of the opening in the compact disc and urge the disc so the opposite side edge of the opening is urged against portions of the guide to securely grip and hold the disc and permit picking one disc at a time. A sensor is utilized for sensing the position of the disc relative to the guide and to provide a signal to an actuator that operates to cause the finger to move to its outwardly extended position.

Abstract: A disc processor such as a disc burner and printer, is provided in a housing. A drawer is slidably mounted on the bottom wall of the housing and is positionable in a retracted position in a recess with a portion underneath the processor and is slidably extendable from the processor. The disc output storage drawer carries ramps that will, when the disc output storage drawer is extended move to a position to provide a guide surface to guide a disc dropped thereon into a storage bin on the disc output storage drawer, and when the disc output storage drawer is in its retracted position, the ramps are automatically pivoted to a folded position and stored underneath the processor.

Abstract: The present invention provides a printing apparatus, a printing system, and a printing method which can excellently print various images while taking the advantages of driving of a print head in a time divisional manner. Dispersive driving control or sequential driving control is selected in accordance with the attributes of an image to be printed to drive a plurality of print element groups in the print head in a time divisional manner under the selected dispersive or sequential driving control. The dispersive driving control drives the plurality of print element groups in a time divisional manner so as to sequentially drive the print element groups not located close to each other. The sequential driving control drives the plurality of print element groups in a time divisional manner so as to sequentially drive the print element groups located close to each other.

Abstract: A method for making an animal identification label. The method includes the steps of heating a surface of the label to thereby create a gloss surface thereon. Indicia marking and/or printing is then applied.

Abstract: In an image reading apparatus according to the present invention; an image reading apparatus for reading a color original includes: plural light sources of different colors; a monochrome image sensor configured to detect reflected light from the color original; an image generating unit configured to generate plural image data corresponding to the colors of the plural light sources from a reading signal outputted from the monochrome image sensor; and a control unit configured to turn on the light sources one by one and cause the image generating unit to generate, one by one, the image data corresponding to the colors of the light sources. With the image reading apparatus according to the present invention, good image quality can be realized even in the case of reading a color original as a color image by using one monochrome image sensor.

Abstract: A frequency modulation apparatus capable of reducing a peak level of a radiation noise of a characteristic frequency band due to an image clock. This frequency modulation apparatus is used in an image formation apparatus having an image bearing body to be scanned by a laser beam, and comprises an auxiliary clock calculating portion for calculating an auxiliary clock period based on a reference clock period and a modulation coefficient, and an image clock generating portion for generating the image clock in which a frequency is different at least in one portion and other portions of an image area on a main scan line to be scanned by the laser beam on said image bearing body based on the initial period value set in advance and said auxiliary clock period, and said image clock generating means perform a frequency modulation so that the frequency of said image clock changes within a predetermined fluctuation.

Abstract: An image display apparatus for controlling a picture in picture (PIP) function in a multi function monitor and a method thereof are provided. The image display apparatus for displaying an image based on a plurality of video signal includes: a processor which receives at least one video signal and displays images; a signal processing unit which receives combination information from the processor, the combination information comprising information regarding combinations of a plurality of video signals that can be displayed simultaneously by the image display apparatus; and a network unit, disposed in the signal processing unit, which transmits the received combination information through an external communication network.

Abstract: A method of videoconferencing includes arranging a portable environment to include a first wall generally parallel to and spaced from a second wall and facing a videocamera on the first wall toward the second wall. An on-camera subject zone is implemented between the first wall and the second wall via: (1) setting a field-of-view of the videocamera to include the second wall while excluding a peripheral edge of the second wall; and (2) positioning a subject station between the first wall and the second wall and setting the on-camera subject zone within a boundary defined by the field-of-view of the videocamera extending from the subject station to the second wall.

Abstract: A method for providing television content to a wireless communication device via a home network includes receiving channel selection information for a selected channel from the wireless communication device over a wireless communication link; tuning one or more tuners of a wireless access device to the selected channel; obtaining television content from a content source in communication with the wireless access device for the selected channel via a communication link; converting the television content for the channel to an appropriate format for the wireless communication device; and sending the television content for the channel in the appropriate format to the wireless communication device over the wireless communication link.

Abstract: A panoramic imaging device comprises: a photodetector array; a lens array having, on one plane, a center lens for receiving light in a front range of 36° to form a central unit image on the photodetector array, and left and right side lenses for receiving lights in left and right ranges each of 72° in capture angle of 180°; and four prisms in two pairs placed facing the side lenses. The two pairs of left and right prisms (more inclined and less inclined pairs) collect lights in divided two pairs of left and right ranges each of 36° in the 72° range (pairs closer to, and farther from, the front range), respectively, to form four side unit images on the photodetector array which are combined with the central unit image to reproduce a panoramic image without using wide-angle lenses or complex image correction process.

Abstract: An autostereoscopic display apparatus includes a backlight unit, a polarizing plate disposed in front of the backlight unit; a display panel displaying a left eye image and a right eye image by interlacing pixel lines of the left and right eye images alternately and sequentially; a lenticular lens sheet, disposed between the polarizing plate and the display panel, separating light emitted from the backlight unit into a left eye zone and a right eye zone; and a polarization switch controlling a polarization direction of light proceeding towards the left eye viewing zone so that light is incident on pixel lines of the display panel displaying the left eye image and a polarization direction of light proceeding towards the right eye viewing zone so that light is incident on pixel lines of the display panel displaying the right eye image, in synchronization with a vertical scanning time of the display panel.

Abstract: A method and system for communicating and rendering stereoscopic or dual-view images are provided. In one embodiment, a method rendering stereoscopic images includes alternating, on a display, left and right perspectives of an image. Each of the left and right perspectives corresponds to a respective array of pixels on the display such that the left perspective is offset from a right perspective by less than a pixel width. The method further includes shuttering a portion of the light provided from the display in sequence with the alternating of the left and right perspectives if the image.

Abstract: A sensing apparatus for a host vehicle or the like, the apparatus comprises sensing means arranged to capture a first dataset of digital data comprising a set of data points representative of an image of a scene around the host vehicle, said image including at least one salient feature; first data processing means arranged to identify a subset of the data points which correspond to the at least one salient feature, and second data processing means arranged to apply a transformation to the subset of data points to produce a processed subset which corresponds to a digital image of the salient features in the scene that has been corrected for at least one type of distortion in the image.

Abstract: An imaging apparatus that can shoot a moving image and a still image includes: a CCD 1; an illumination light source 3 for illuminating a subject; and a controlling apparatus 10 for controlling the CCD 1 and the illumination light source 3.

Abstract: A video image positional relationship correction apparatus is disclosed. Coordinate conversion parameters including internal parameters of a camera and attachment parameters are used as unknown numbers. Relational expressions are produced such that the number of the relational expressions is larger than the number of the coordinate conversion parameters to be calculated. Values of the coordinate conversion parameters are calculated based on deviations between monitor coordinates of video image reference points Q1 to Q6 actually captured by the camera and displayed, and the corresponding monitor coordinates of virtual target points R1 to R6. The monitor coordinates of the virtual target points are derived from the actual coordinates of the reference points based on the values of the calculated coordinate conversion parameters.