Abstract: An apparatus and method for facilitating program changes. The apparatus and method include a controller for detecting a change program request and for outputting change event data when a change event is detected. A non-active video information replacement module is coupled to the controller for receiving non-active video information and the change event data. When the replacement module receives change event data, a clear code generator generates clear code data that replaces non-active video information, and the non-active video information replacement module generates modified non-active video information. The modified non-active video information is provided to an output stage, whereupon the clear code data resets a non-active video information field within a display device, thereby preventing the display of erroneous information by a display within the output stage. Thereupon, clear code data is synthetically inserted within non-active video information upon the occurrence of a change event.

Abstract: A digital camera apparatus of the present invention comprises an image inputting device for inputting an image to be photographed; an image processing device for carrying out a processing of the image inputted by the image inputting device; a recognizing device which automatically recognizes a printed code included in the image; a displaying device for displaying a result of the recognition of the recognizing device; and a recording device for recording data of the recognition automatically recognized by the recognizing device. The recognizing device automatically recognizes the printed code of the image scanned by triggering a first release by the image inputting device before determining and recording the image in a second release by the image inputting device.

Abstract: A temporally recursive chrominance signal noise reduction can be achieved by subtracting a delayed version of the chrominance output signal from the chrominance input signal and by multiplying the related difference signal by a variable share factor and adding the resulting signal to the chrominance output signal, for achieving different degrees of noise reduction. From the difference signal a motion representative value and a value representing the presence of a smear effect are calculated and used to calculate the variable factor. After having been multiplied by this factor, the difference signal is combined with a frame-delayed version of the chrominance output signal in order to form the noise-reduced chrominance output signal.

Abstract: A simplified Y/C separation circuit separates a composite video signal into a first luminance signal and a first color signal without subjecting the composite video signal to three-dimensional processing. A color demodulation circuit color-demodulates the first color signal into a first color difference signal. A three-dimensional processing portion removes an image quality debasing component by performing three-dimensional processing with respect to the first luminance signal and the first color difference signal or a second luminance signal constituting a component video signal and a second color difference signal. A selector selectively supplies the first luminance signal and the first color difference signal or the second luminance signal and the second color difference signal to the three-dimensional processing portion.

Abstract: An image display apparatus includes a second converging unit constructed so that a light flux from part of a first light source or from a separately provided second light source is converged to have a line shape, a spectroscope/deflector unit constructed so that his line-shape light flux is irradiated on a region of the display device different from the region on which a strip-shape light flux from a first converging unit is irradiated, and an image processing unit constructed to control so that the pixels of the region of the display device on which the line-shape light flux is irradiated is turned on and off in accordance with image data being displayed.

Abstract: An optical wavelength filter uses birefringence and polarization to discriminate and block a wavelength stop band. Birefringent elements, each having a fixed retarder and a liquid crystal, are placed along the signal path with the fast and slow axes in each pair being aligned and rotationally displaced from other pairs. The birefringence parts are arranged by their thickness, birefringence and progressive rotational orientation so that each pair contributes to achieving a specific polarization state for specific periodic wavelength discrimination bands. A selection polarizer at the output blocks bands that have this polarization state. The birefringence elements are tuned in a coordinated manner and thereby to select one or more wavelengths as the band stop discrimination band.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate having source and drain regions, a gate insulating layer on the substrate, a gate electrode on the gate insulating layer, an interlayer on the gate electrode, a source electrode connected to the source region, and a drain electrode connected to the drain region, wherein at least one of the gate electrode, the source electrode and the drain electrode includes a first metal layer of molybdenum (Mo)-titanium (Ti) alloy, a second metal layer of one of metallic metals including copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), silver (Ag) and gold (Au) on the first metal layer.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for driving a liquid crystal display (LCD) panel having pixels arranged in a matrix pattern, wherein each pixel includes two sub-pixels capable of transmitting complementary colors, includes a light source array having first to third light sources and a data driver for applying data signals to the LCD panel during first and second sub-frames of the LCD panel, wherein the first and second sub-frames constitute a single frame of the LCD panel. Two of the first to third light sources may be activated during each sub-frame to emit light to the liquid crystal display panel, wherein a full color image is realized in only two sub-frames.

Abstract: A 3D image displaying unit in which 2D and 3D images are interchangeable. The 3D image displaying unit includes an image display panel which displays 2D or 3D images, and an optical plate which is provided behind the image display panel and refracts an incident light to the image display panel. Also, the 3D image displaying unit includes a first flat display device which displays a multi-viewpoint image in a case where the 3D image is displayed, and is transparent in a case where the 2D image is displayed, an optical plate which refracts lights that are incident from the first flat display device and provides parallax in a predetermined direction, and a display unit which provides the lights that pass through the optical plate with a parallax in the vertical direction to a parallax provided by the optical plate in the case where the 3D image is displayed, and displays the corresponding 2D image in the case where the 2D image is displayed.

Abstract: A transflective color filter substrate is provided. The transflective color filter substrate comprises a transmissive color filter portion and a reflective color filter portion in one dot region. An area of the color filter colored portion is set to be less than the area of one dot region in the transflective color filter substrate, and an uncolored reflection region, which is capable of reflecting an uncolored light of high brightness without being influenced by the color filter, is formed by a partition layer. Since the pigment density of the coloring layer is set such that the transmitted light has the optimum chroma in the transmissive display mode, it is possible to obtain a displayed image having sufficient chroma in the transmissive display mode.

Abstract: A color filter (100) includes pixels (110), each pixel including three sub-pixels (111), and each sub-pixel including a reflection section (R) and a transmission section (T). In each pixel, the transmission sections and the reflection sections are alternately arranged along each row of the sections and along each column of the sections. The alternating arrangement of the transmission sections and the reflection sections of the pixels can provide a uniform pattern of hue balance over the whole display area. Furthermore, in various embodiments described, different optical thicknesses of the transmission sections and the reflection sections (or color layers of the reflection sections) can provide uniform hue over the whole display area.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal cell, a first polarizer under the liquid crystal cell, a backlight under the first polarizer, and a holographic diffuser over the liquid crystal cell. The holographic diffuser includes a spacer and a diffusing layer over the spacer. The spacer includes an open portion and a lower surface of the diffusing layer includes a holographic pattern.

Abstract: The invention provides an optical film prepared by laminating at least one of a first retardation film (2), having a mean in-plane refractive index of n0 and refractive index in the thickness direction of ne wherein ne?no>0, and at least one of a second retardation film (3) having an in-plane refractive index of nx in the direction showing the maximum refractive index, refractive index of ny in the direction perpendicular to the direction described just before, and refractive index in the thickness direction of nz wherein nx>ny?nz. The light leakage occurred as the observation point is tilted from the front direction to a direction different from the direction of each absorption axis can be reduced when a polarizing film is arranged so that the absorption axes will be perpendicular to each other.

Abstract: A pixel structure for a liquid crystal display has a first substrate with respect to a pixel region. A W-like extruding structure composed of two V-like is formed on a surface of the substrate. A second substrate with several openings is also provided in parallel to the first substrate. The openings of the second substrate are aligned along a direction from a tip of the V-like to an edge of the pixel. Moreover, a liquid crystal layer is located between the first substrate and a second substrate, wherein the extruding structure abuts the liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: A reflective type IPS LCD includes a transparent upper substrate (100) and a lower substrate (200), and liquid crystal molecules (300) interposed between the substrates. A reflection layer (250) is disposed on the lower substrate. A plurality of gate lines (170) and a plurality of data lines (180) are formed on the upper substrate, thereby defining a plurality of pixel regions arranged in a matrix. Each pixel region includes pixel electrodes (210) and common electrodes (220). The pixel electrodes and the common electrodes have a bent configuration, and are spaced apart from each other. Therefore the electric field generated by them is along two directions, and the LCD exhibits a two-domain display effect. When viewing the LCD display from any oblique angle, the color shifts generated by the two domains counteract, and thus the overall color shift of the display is small.

Abstract: An in-plane switching mode liquid crystal display device including first and second substrates having an array region and a sealant region along a periphery of the array region, a sealant in the sealant region attaching the first and second substrates, a metallic black matrix formed in the sealant region and in the array region of the first substrate, a color filter on the metallic black matrix, an organic layer on the color filter and a liquid crystal layer between the first and second substrates.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a method of fabricating a liquid crystal display device which includes etching an attached substrate using an etchant to make the substrate thin and light. A plurality of main seal patterns are formed on a first substrate and auxiliary seal patterns are formed around each main seal pattern. Thereafter, a second substrate is attached to the first substrate by pressure. Then, an anti-etching material is formed around the sidewalls of the attached substrates. Due to the anti-etching material, an etchant etching the surfaces of the attached substrate does not penetrate into the interval between the first and second substrates.

Abstract: The invention relates to a substrate for a liquid crystal display device used as a display part of an electronic equipment and a liquid crystal display device including the same, and has an object to provide a substrate for a liquid crystal display device in which high manufacturing yield and excellent display quality can be obtained, and a liquid crystal display device including the same.

Abstract: A substrate has intersecting gate and data lines with a gate insulating film therebetween, a thin film transistor provided at an intersection of the gate and data lines, a pixel electrode connected to the transistor, a pad connected to a signal line via a contact hole and containing a transparent conductive film, and a protective film overlapping a color filter array substrate to expose the film. The contact hole exposes the end of the pad and/or signal line and an adjacent area. A gate electrode, source and drain electrodes, and a contact electrode are formed from first, second, and third conductive layers, respectively. A contact hole exposes the first conductive layer of one transistor and an adjacent portion of the second conductive layer of another transistor. The contact electrode connects the exposed first and second conductive layers. Only three mask processes are used in fabricating the substrate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device and a method of fabricating the same are disclosed in the present invention. The liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate having a thin film transistor array and a common line with a UV-ray irradiation path passing UV-rays, a second substrate having a color filter array, a sealant between the first and second substrates over the common line, and a liquid crystal layer between the first and second substrates.

Abstract: The subject of the invention is a liquid crystal indicator of voltage presence in electric conductors and equipment. The device is used to indicate the presence of an AC voltage, especially in medium and high voltage systems. The indicator according to the invention comprises two substrate layers on which conducting layers are deposited, and a terminal being an external electric output of the indicator is connected to the conducting layer. A structure containing liquid crystal is located between these layers. A fragment of each segment deposited on one substrate layer overlaps with at least one fragment of a segment deposited on the other substrate layer, and the overlapping fragments of the conducting segments from both substrate layers, together with a part of the intermediate liquid crystal layer, form liquid crystal elements of the indicator, which are electrically connected in series.

Abstract: A LED display apparatus is disclosed, in which a LED array (7) arranged according to the shape of patterns or characters to be displayed is fixed on a PCB (3), the LED array is connected to a LED driving controller (6), optical conductive ink (5) is distributed around the LEDs on the PCB (3), above the LEDs and the optical conductive ink (5) is disposed an optical conductive bracket (2) having a cross section corresponding to the shape of the patterns or characters to be displayed, and a diffuser (1) is placed on the top of the optical conductive bracket (2).

Abstract: A method of adjusting exposure error for multiple products is described. First, one Photo Feed Back System (PFBS) suited to host-product or miscellaneous product is chosen. Different standard points and compensation difference for host-product or miscellaneous product are provided. Then, the PFBS parameter is calculated as an exposure adjustment value. The standard point and compensation difference for miscellaneous product are dependent on host-product.

Abstract: A simulator of a lithography tool includes a correcting parameter memory storing a correcting scaling value to correct a focus error of a projection optical system in the lithography tool and a correcting bias to correct a critical dimension error generated in the lithography tool. A model simulation engine simulates an image formation under a corrected focus calculated by multiplying a defocus of the projection optical system by the correcting scaling value to model a calculated critical dimension of an image. A bias corrector adds the correcting bias to the calculated critical dimension to correct the image.

Abstract: A catadioptric lens with optical elements, which are arranged along an optical axis and with at least one concave mirror located in the vicinity of a pupillar surface of the projection lens. The concave mirror is sub-divided into a number of annular or honeycomb mirror segments, which can be displaced independently in relation to one another with the aid of piezoelectric drive elements. The mirror can be used as a phase-shifting pupillar filter, whereby the filtration function can be adjusted by the relative displacement of the mirror elements in relation to one another.

Abstract: A lithographic apparatus and method include an illumination system that supplies a beam of radiation, an array of individually controllable elements that pattern the beam, and a projection system that directs the patterned beam a substrate supported on a substrate table. The projection system defines a pupil. Either the pupil or the array of individually controllable elements is imaged onto a target portion of the substrate. The projection system includes an array of lenses with each lens in the array arranged to direct a respective part of the patterned beam onto a respective part of the target portion of the substrate. In one example, each of the individually controllable elements is selectively controllable to direct a respective part of the beam away from the pupil such that the proportion of the beam passing through the pupil is adjusted.

Abstract: A table positioning system including a first table, a first driving unit for moving the first table in a predetermined direction, a second table, a second driving unit for moving the second table relative to the first table, and a coupling device for transmitting a force between the first table and the second table in the predetermined direction. The coupling device is provided on front and rear side surfaces of the second table.

Abstract: A dual mode LADAR/SAL apparatus is disclosed. In one aspect, the apparatus includes a gimbal capable of scanning in azimuth and in elevation and a sensor mounted on the gimbal. The sensor includes a telescope, a LADAR optical path, and a SAL optical path. The telescope defines an exit pupil through which the sensor collects reflected light. The sensor further includes means for directing light received through the telescope to the LADAR optical path in a first position and to the SAL optical path in a second position such that the SAL optical path receives the collected light from the exit pupil of the telescope. The means may be, for example, a mirror. In a second aspect, an apparatus includes a gimbal capable of scanning in azimuth and in elevation, and a sensor mounted on the gimbal. The sensor includes a telescope defining an exit pupil through which the sensor collects reflected light.

Abstract: A distance measuring device is provided that reduces the time required for a distance measurement without degrading accuracy of the measured value.

Abstract: Methods for grading gemstones, apparatus for grading gemstones, and systems that utilize such methods and apparatus, specifically methods which trace rays through a computer representation of a gemstone wherein the rays enter the gemstone though the gemstone crown and allow a grade to be assigned to the gemstone represented based on the ray paths through the representation.

Abstract: An apparatus (10) for determining the viability of an egg, which apparatus (10) comprises shielding means (12, 14), emitting means (30) and detecting means (32), the arrangement being such that, in use, the shielding means (12, 14) inhibits exposure of an egg to background infra-red radiation, said emitting means (30) can emit electromagnetic radiation at infra-red wavelength(s) to impinge on the egg, and the detecting means (32) are positioned to detect at least a part of said electromagnetic radiation that has passed through the egg, the apparatus further comprising means for processing an output signal of the detecting means to determine whether there is a cyclical variation in the intensity of the infra-red radiation leaving the egg corresponding to action of a heart, the existence of said cyclical variation indicating that the egg is viable.

Abstract: In one aspect, a system for determining the configuration of a plurality of barges in a barge complex is described. The system includes at least one target positioned on predetermined ones of the plurality of barges, an angular measurement device positioned in a line of sight with the at least one target, the angular measurement device configured to determine at least one of a horizontal and a vertical angle between the at least one target and the angular measurement device, and a ranging device coupled to the angular measurement device, the ranging device configured to determine a distance between the at least one target and the ranging device.

Abstract: A vehicle wheel alignment system utilizing a non-contact range finding system in conjunction with one or more optical imaging sensors to acquire images of a fixed target, fixed random object, or the vehicle wheels, from which three-dimensional information related to one or more optical imaging sensor positions or vehicle wheel alignment angles can be obtained.

Abstract: A laser remote sensing apparatus comprises a laser to provide collimated excitation light at a wavelength; a sensing optic, comprising at least one optical element having a front receiving surface to focus the received excitation light onto a back surface comprising a target sample and wherein the target sample emits a return light signal that is recollimated by the front receiving surface; a telescope for collecting the recollimated return light signal from the sensing optic; and a detector for detecting and spectrally resolving the return light signal. The back surface further can comprise a substrate that absorbs the target sample from an environment. For example the substrate can be a SERS substrate comprising a roughened metal surface. The return light signal can be a surface-enhanced Raman signal or laser-induced fluorescence signal. For fluorescence applications, the return signal can be enhanced by about 105, solely due to recollimation of the fluorescence return signal.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting a position of a target mark out of a plurality of marks in a region of an object to obtain a position of the region of the object. The apparatus includes a scope configured to sense a first image of the object at a first magnification and a second image of the object at a second magnification higher than the first magnification, and a processor configured to extract, from the first image, a position of a first mark out of the plurality of marks and a feature of a region outside the first mark, to identify the first mark based on the extracted feature, to extract, from the second image, a position of the target mark, to evaluate reliability of the extracted position of the target mark, to select a second mark, different from the target mark, from the plurality of marks as a new target mark based on the evaluated reliability and the identified first mark in order to extract a position of the selected second mark from an image sensed by the scope at the second magnification.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to systems and methods for spectral imaging. In one embodiment, an image of the scene is formed on a coded aperture of a spectrometer. A coded image from the coded aperture is detected on a two-dimensional detector array of the spectrometer through a spectrally dispersive element of the spectrometer. Data from the two-dimensional detector array is collected as the coded image is varied over time. The spectral image is estimated from the data collected and the variation of the coded image over time. The data collected is varied over time through translation, rotation, and defocus.

Abstract: A spectrophotometer having an optical system for directing a beam of substantially monochromatic excitation light to a liquid sample contained in a well (3) of a well plate for interaction with the sample for absorption or emission measurements to analyse the sample. The optical system includes two apertures (46, 28) for establishing a Kohler illumination region outside the well, that is an excitation beam region between conjugate images (18, 21) of the two apertures. This excitation beam region is then demagnified and imaged (10, 9) into the well (3). The invention provides for the shape of the Kohler illumination region to correspond to the shape of the well space so that all of the liquid sample is uniformly illuminated without the well obstructing any portion of the illuminating excitation beam of light.

Abstract: There is provided a fluorescence spectroscopic apparatus includes an exciting optical unit configured to irradiate the same sample area with a plurality of excitation lights of different wavelength bands, an optical unit configured to repeatedly guide fluorescences emitted by the sample in response to the respective excitation lights, to a detection unit, and a calculation unit configured to perform analysis on the basis of a comparison of output signals corresponding to the fluorescences from the detection unit, wherein the exciting optical unit includes an excitation light varying unit configured to intermittently vary the intensity of at least one excitation light.

Abstract: A downhole fluid analysis system comprises an input light signal that is directed through a fluid sample housed in a sample cell. The input light signal may originate from a plurality of light sources. A light signal output from the sample cell is then routed to two or more spectrometers for measurement of the represented wavelengths in the output light signal. The output of the spectrometers is then compared to known values for hydrocarbons typically encountered downhole. This provides insight into the composition of the sample fluid. Additionally, the input light can be routed directly to the two or more spectrometers to be used in calibration of the system in the high temperature and noise environment downhole.

Abstract: The development of a multiple-channel dual phase lock-in optical spectrometer (LIOS) is presented, which enables parallel phase-sensitive detection at the output of an optical spectrometer. The light intensity from a spectrally broad source is modulated at the reference frequency, and focused into a high-resolution imaging spectrometer. The height at which the light enters the spectrometer is controlled by an acousto-optic deflector, and the height information is preserved at the output focal plane. A two-dimensional InGaAs focal plane array collects light that has been dispersed in wavelength along the horizontal direction, and in time along the vertical direction. The data is demodulated using a high performance computer-based digital signal processor. This parallel approach greatly enhances (by more than 100×) the speed at which spectrally resolved lock-in data can be acquired.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for evaluating one or more materials in accordance with size of particles. The method includes evaluating a spectrum of light reflected from a first group of particles; evaluating a spectrum of light reflected from a second group of particle; comparing results of said evaluating of said first group with results of said evaluating of said second group; and providing an indication of a state of said material when said comparing produces a predetermined comparison result. Distance between a first light conductor for conducting light to the particles and a second light conductor for conducting light from said particles for said evaluations may be varied. Monitoring of a process for changes in particle size as a function of time or to determine various physical and/or chemical characteristics of the particles or a mixture containing same, including homogeneity, may be achieved.

Abstract: Nonlinear optical null ellipsometry is disclosed as a method to evaluate second-order nonlinearities on and off resonance in thin surface films and bulk materials.

Abstract: To effectively reduce a measurement error in a parameter indicating two-dimensional spatial distribution of a state of polarization generated by variations in retardation of a birefringent prism pair due to a temperature change or other factors, while holding a variety of properties of an imaging polarimetry using the birefringent prism pair. By noting that reference phase functions ?1(x, y) and ?2(x, y) are obtained by solving an equation from each vibration component contained in an intensity distribution I(x, y), the reference phase functions ?1(x, y) and ?2(x, y) are calibrated concurrently with measurement of two-dimensional spatial distribution S0(x, y), S1(x, y), S2(x, y), and S3(x, y) of Stokes parameters.

Abstract: A spectroscopic ellipsometer or polarimeter system having a source of a polychromatic beam of electromagnetic radiation, a polarizer, a stage for supporting a material system, an analyzer, a dispersive optics and a detector system which comprises a multiplicity of detector elements, there being apertures before the stage for supporting a material system, and thereafter, the system further having at least one multi-element lens and optionally being present in an environmental control chamber.

Abstract: A field test-kit for analyzing arsenic concentration in water samples is provided. The kit includes a portable infrared beam photometer for measuring light absorbance in aqueous specimens. An infrared light emitting diode is configured to direct a beam of light through a specimen. A photodetector diode measures the intensity of light passing through the specimen. The photodetector output voltages relate to the light absorbed in the specimen and are displayed on a liquid crystal display screen. The kit is assembled using off-the-shelf electronic and opto-electronic components that have low power requirements. Dry cell batteries or solar cells power the kit. To test for arsenic, molybdenum based chemistries are used to selectively bind and convert arsenates and phosphates in the specimen into molybdenum-blue color complexes.

Abstract: A method for combining beams from multiple laser emitters, which may be optical fibers or bulk amplifiers, to form a composite output beam with desirable beam characteristics, as measured, for example, by Strehl ratio. Beams from the multiple emitters are interferometrically combined in the near field, and the phases of the beams are controlled to provide optimal phase coherence, and thereby to minimize losses. Various techniques are disclosed for controlling the phase angles of the emitted beams, using either a separate phase detector for each emitter beam, or a single detector for the composite output beam, or nulling detectors in spurious outputs from the beam combining optics. All of these techniques achieve an improvement in Strehl, largely because the interferometric combination of beams is independent of the array fill factor.

Abstract: A system and method is provided for reducing the sensitivity of the rotation rate measurement to the frequency dependence of the feedback modulator. Specifically, the system and method uses a minimal bias switching technique to reduce rate errors associated with the low frequency 2? resets in a closed loop fiber optic gyroscope with a phase modulator with a different phase shift associated to low and high frequencies. In general, the minimal bias switching technique reduces the low frequency components of the feedback modulation drive by increasing the frequency of the 2? resets. As a consequence, the system and method reduces the low frequency component of the feedback modulator drive to avoid errors that occur with the low frequency 2? resets.

Abstract: Unwanted signal components in time-division multiplexed (TDM) systems may lead to crosstalk and noise if these pulses overlap with signal pulses from an interrogated sensor. The crosstalk and noise are dominated by interference between the signal pulses from the interrogated sensor and the unwanted signal components and can be greatly reduced by suppressing this interference signal. The unwanted signal components may include overlapping pulses originating from different sets of interrogation pulses (repetition periods). Modulating the phase or frequency between the repetition periods so that the unwanted interference signal does not appear at frequencies from which the phase of the interrogated sensor is demodulated suppresses this interference. Other unwanted signal components include leakage light during dark periods of the duty cycle of an interrogation signal.

Abstract: A complex conjugate ambiguity can be resolved in an Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) interferogram. A reference light signal is propagated along a reference path. A sample light signal is impinged on a sample reflector. The reference light signal is frequency shifted with respect to the sample light signal to thereby separate a positive and a negative displacement of a complex conjugate component of the OCT interferogram.

Abstract: A displacement detection device having excellent stability with the lapse of time and suitable for reduction in size and weight includes: a light source for emitting light; polarizing light splitting unit for splitting the light emitted from the light source into two light beams having difference polarized components, radiating the two light beams to an external optical system, and combining the two light beams reflected by the external optical system to generate combined light; a phase plate provided between the light source and the polarizing light splitting unit and adapted for changing the polarization state of the light emitted from the light source and leading the light to the polarizing light splitting unit; light splitting films for splitting the combined light generated by the polarizing light splitting unit into plural light beams; polarizing units for transmitting only a predetermined polarized components of the split combined light beams; and light-receiving elements for photoelectrically converti