Abstract: A micro-mirror array device includes a plurality of micro-mirrors, a plurality of elastic members which deflectably support each of the micro-mirrors, and which are disposed symmetrically in a direction of an arrangement of the micro-mirror array which includes the plurality of micro-mirrors, and a plurality of beams which support each of the elastic-members, and which are disposed between the micro-mirrors. Further, the plurality of beams includes beams on outer sides of the micro-mirrors positioned at both ends, which support the elastic members on outer sides.

Abstract: In a spectrometer, preferably in a spectrometric microscope, light from a specimen is collected at a collector objective element and delivered to a camera element, which in turn provides the light to a photosensitive detector. A focal plane is provided between the collector objective element and the camera element, and one or more aperture arrays may be situated in the focal plane to restrict the detector's field of view of the specimen to the areas within the apertures. By utilizing aperture arrays with apertures of different sizes and shapes, the spatial resolution of the spectrometer readings may be varied without the need to vary the optics of the spectrometer. As a result, if the optics are optimized to minimize vignetting, spatial resolution may be varied without adverse increases in vignetting.

Abstract: Adjustable pinhole, particularly for the illumination beam path and/or detection beam path of a laser scanning microscope, wherein the pinhole is defined by foil edges which are adjustable relative to one another, and at least two foils, each with at least one straight edge, are advantageously arranged relative to one another and/or connected to one another in such a way that their edges describe an L-shape and the L-shaped connection pieces are arranged on one another in such a way that they define a rhombic or square light passage and they are moved relative to one another for adjusting the pinhole.

Abstract: A mirror includes an electro-optic mirror subassembly, and a thin-profiled bezel attached around a perimeter of the electrochromic mirror subassembly. The electro-optic mirror subassembly is supported on a carrier by an adheringly bonded heater and foam tape in a laminar arrangement. The bezel may be bonded to an edge of the front surface of the front element of the electro-optic mirror subassembly, and/or may be bonded and/or interlockingly mechanically attached to an edge of the carrier. Alternatively, the bezel can be a strip of paint or thin coating material. The bezel can be molded in place, or can be pre-molded and elastically stretched to permit assembly. In one form, the bezel includes a laterally-extending fin that prevents seeing past the bezel into the inside of a mirror housing. In at least one embodiment, the assembly has no bezel or only a bezel on one edge.

Abstract: A micro machine may be in or less than the micrometer domain. The micro machine may include a micro actuator and a micro shaft coupled to the micro actuator. The micro shaft is operable to be driven by the micro actuator. A tool is coupled to the micro shaft and is operable to perform work in response to at least motion of the micro shaft.

Abstract: A spatial optic modulating system with speckle reduction and a method thereof are disclosed. According to an embodiment of the present invention, a spatial optic modulating system includes a spatial optic modulator, which modulates and reflects an image transferred in accordance with an upward or downward movement of a ribbon that is operated according to a contraction or expansion of a piezoelectric element, an image lens unit, which transfers an image modulated from the spatial optic modulator as a diffraction image to a scanner, and a phase modulator, which modulates a phase of the diffraction image transferred from the image lens unit. With the present invention, an image, from which a speckle is removed, can be displayed by modulating a phase of an image projected by using a spatial optic modulator.

Abstract: A wavelength converter structure according to one aspect of the present invention comprises a ferroelectric substrate, a ridge positioned on the ferroelectric substrate, a plurality of first domains positioned in the ridge and a plurality of second domains interleaved between the first domains in the ridge. The first domains have a first polarization direction and the second domains have a second polarization direction opposite to the first polarization direction. The refraction index of the ferroelectric substrate is different from the refraction index of the ridge. The ridge may include a rectangular portion, a taper portion, or a taper portion and a rectangular portion connected to the taper portion.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a laser module comprising an optical element, a frequency converter, a selective reflector, and one or more surface-emitters, each coupled to a common substrate, wherein the emitters, the optical element, the frequency converter, and the selective reflector are positioned with respect to each other such that at least a portion of the coherent light emitted from the surface-emitters travels through the optical element, through the frequency converter and through the selective reflector. In a method embodiment, a method for frequency converting light generated by a surface-emitter, wherein the light passes through an optical element, a frequency converter, and a selective reflector, each coupled to a common substrate.

Abstract: A method to determine at least one characteristic of a material having a spatially modulated nonlinear susceptibility includes measuring scattered light in response to an incident beam provided to at least one surface of the material. An indication of patterning of the material is determined based on the measured scattered light.

Abstract: Method and device for the generation of a comb of stabilized frequency lines and/or a train of ultrashort laser pulses for stabilization of the position of the carrier wave with respect to the amplitude envelope of few cycles laser pulses. Interference between spectral components generated by means of difference frequency generation and self phase modulation in one and the same non-linear crystal (4) allows detecting and stabilizing the temporal evolution of the carrier-envelope offset (CEO) phase. The described technique improves dramatically the accuracy of the stabilization and has very small insertion losses.

Abstract: A high-luminance quantum correlation photon beam generator a photon beam of a quantum correlated pair characterized by includes: a laser light source (1) operable to emit a laser pumped light; a parametric crystal (2) operable to generate a pair of two photons of a signal photon and an idler photon on receiving the pumped light from the laser light source (1) to emit two photon beams along two non-concentric cones; a beam splitting means (5) operable to split a signal photon beam (6) from an idler photon beam (7); a mode inverter (10) operable to rotate one of the annular signal photon beam (6) and the idler photon beam (7) 180° around its geometric center; a phase adjusting means (8) operable to adjust phases of the signal photon beam (6) and the idler photon beam (7) based on an optical time delay; and a beam coupling means (14) operable to overlay the signal photon beam (6) with the idler photon beam (7) in a common-line polarized annular shape by the mode inverter (10) to bring them into a quantum correla

Abstract: A Raman amplifier that amplifies a signal light intensity by using a Raman amplification effect of an optical fiber transmission channel has an excitation unit that supplies excitation lights of a plurality of wavelengths to the optical fiber transmission channel and performs Raman amplification, a signal light monitor that monitors the signal light intensity of each wavelength contained in the signal light that is Raman amplified, an output light intensity deviation monitoring circuit that finds a deviation in the intensity of each signal light detected by the signal light monitor, and an excitation light control circuit that controls an excitation light intensity from excitation light sources of each wavelength constituting the excitation unit so as to correspond to a predetermined characteristic based on a deviation of the intensity of signal light found by the output light intensity deviation monitoring circuit.

Abstract: In a spectrometer, preferably in a spectrometric microscope, input light is provided from a light source to a specimen via a source objective element (e.g., a Schwarzchild objective), and the aperture of the light source is matched to the aperture of the source objective element to maximize light throughput to the specimen. The light from the specimen is then collected at a collector objective element and delivered to a camera element, which in turn provides the light to a photosensitive detector. The apertures of the camera element and the collector objective element are also matched to maximize light throughput from the specimen to the detector. As a result, light loss from vignetting effects is reduced, improving the intensity and uniformity of illumination and the sensitivity and accuracy of spectral measurements.

Abstract: The present invention provides an image display device capable of displaying a good image by suppressing yellowing of a glass substrate, and an evaluating method of the glass substrate. The image display device is formed using the glass substrate where reflectance at wavelength of 220 nm is 5% or lower. In the evaluating method of the glass substrate for the image display device, Sn++ content in the glass substrate is analyzed using reflectance at wavelength of 220 nm.

Abstract: An optical system for ultraviolet light includes a plurality of optical elements made of a material transparent to ultraviolet light. At least two of the optical elements are utilized for forming at least one liquid lens group that has a first delimiting optical element, a second delimiting optical element, and a liquid lens, which is arranged in an interspace between the first delimiting optical element and the second delimiting optical element and contains a liquid transparent to ultraviolet light.

Abstract: A multilayer mirror aims to reduce incidence angle dependence of reflectivity. A substrate is made of low thermal polished expansion glass with 0.2 nm RMS or less roughness of the surface. On the surface thereof formed is a Ru/Si multilayer having a wide full-width half maximum of peak reflectivity, and on the Ru/Si multilayer formed is a Mo/Si multilayer having a high peak reflectivity value. This enables higher reflectivity than when Ru/Si alone provided and a reflectivity peak having a wider full- width half maximum than when the Mo/Si multilayer alone provided. Since Ru absorbs EUV ray more than Mo does, higher reflectivity is obtainable than that of a structure having the Ru/Si multilayer formed on the Mo/Si multilayer. The multilayer with a wide full-width half maximum has small incidence angle dependence of reflectivity in spectral reflectivity, thereby achieving high imaging performance in projection optical system.

Abstract: A combination of filters for filtering selected wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation is provided on a transparent substrate such as a plastic film or glazing of a window. The combination of filters prevents or attenuates the passage of wavelengths through the substrate which would pose a security risk. The combination of filters is useful to prevent unauthorized data collection and information exchange from or within buildings or otherwise prevent such unauthorized data collection and information exchange from, for example, computer monitors or screens, personal digital assistance, and local area networks. The substrate with the combination of filters may be in the form of a bag or a tent.

Abstract: The invention provides an examination apparatus that is capable of observing a specimen in a stationary state while suppressing blurring caused by a control delay. The examination apparatus includes a first optical system and a second optical system for imaging light produced in a specimen, a first image-acquisition unit provided with a plurality of first image-acquisition devices for detecting an image formed by the first optical system, a second image-acquisition unit provided with a second image-acquisition device for acquiring an image formed by the second optical system, and a driving unit configured to cause the images to be formed at substantially the same position in the second image-acquisition unit based on a detection signal of the first image-acquisition unit.

Abstract: A microscope device comprising a microscope objective and a plate-like body limited by a flat top face and a flat lower face essentially parallel thereto, with the microscope objective being connected to the plate-like body, and with a portion of a beam path of the microscope device extending above and/or below the plate-like body, wherein another portion of the beam path of the microscope device extends, essentially parallel to the top face and the lower face, within a recess within the plate-like body.

Abstract: An end face of a narrow-diameter end portion is easily disposed at a correct position on an examination object without setting an examination site, thus enabling rapid and straightforward acquisition of an image of the examination site. The invention provides an alignment method for a guiding device which is attached to an end of an objective lens in such a manner as to be capable of positional adjustment in an optical axis direction and which is brought into contact with an examination target to make a focal position of the objective lens coincident with an examination site.

Abstract: Among other things, an illumination device is described, particularly for an observation device, having a light source and optics arranged after the light source, the light source being formed from an arrangement made up of one or more micro light sources. In order to create an illumination device that is simple in terms of construction and may be simply adjusted for different optical properties, it is provided according to the invention that the optics arranged after the micro light source(s) has at least one variable-focus lens element (vario lens). In addition, is an optical observation device is described—for example, an ophthalmologic microscope.

Abstract: The invention is directed to illumination optics for an optical device for observing a sample, particularly for TIRF microscopy (Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy), wherein the sample is positioned on the side of a carrier glass remote of the illumination optics and the illumination light exiting from the illumination optics is shaped into an illumination beam bundle which encloses an angle not equal to 90° with the normal to the surface of the carrier glass. According to the invention, the illumination optics of the type mentioned above comprise at least two optically active elements which influence the shape and direction of the illumination beam bundle and which are arranged outside of the detection beam path that guides light coming from the sample to a detector. The optically active elements are preferably constructed as annular lenses and are arranged concentrically around the detection beam path.

Abstract: A surgical microscope (100) is especially suited for use in neurosurgery. The surgical microscope has an illuminating arrangement (101) for making available illuminating light in an operating region (117) to be examined with the surgical microscope (100). The illuminating arrangement (101) contains a high-power light source (102) which includes an intensity adjusting device (112). The intensity adjusting device (112) makes possible to adjust the intensity of the illuminating light (116), which is guided to the object region (117), between a maximum value and a minimum value. The surgical microscope (100) has a control unit (170) for the illuminating arrangement (101) which includes an operator-controlled module (172) via which the illuminating arrangement (101) can be activated and controlled. For adjusting the intensity of the illuminating light (116) guided to the operating region (117), the control unit coacts with the adjustable filter unit (112).

Abstract: There is provided a screen and a projector using a simple configuration and operation to make speckles less visible. A screen 10 on which light beams are incident includes a lenticular lens 11 as a first layer having viewing angle control means for enlarging the viewing angle and a Fresnel lens 12 as a second layer having angular conversion means for converting the angles of incidence of the incident light beams into the substantially same direction. One of the first and second layers has a diffusion capability that diffuses the incident light beams and has moving means for moving that layer relative to the other. Alternatively, the first and second layers both have the diffusion capability, and at least one of the layers has moving means for moving that layer relative to the other.

Abstract: A wavelength locker includes: a birefringent plate for separating light emitted from a light source into two beams of light which are approximately in parallel to each other; a first light receiving element for directly receiving one of the two beams of light separated by the birefringent plate; a ?/4 plate and an etalon filter through which other one of the two beams of light separated by the birefringent plate passes; and a second light receiving element for receiving the other one of the two beams of light which has passed through the etalon filter. The ?/4 plate has an optic axis tilted at 45 degrees with respect to a polarization direction of light incident on the ?/4 plate, changes a polarization direction of light, which has been reflected by the etalon filter and incident on the ?/4 plate, such that the reflected light does not return to the light source after passing through the birefringent plate, and emits the resultant light.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical element including: a translucent resin; minute regions dispersedly distributed in the translucent resin and having a birefringence different from the translucent resin; and at lest one kind of luminous body dispersed in the translucent resin and/or the minute regions and having a particle size smaller than the emission wavelength thereof, the optical element having a plate-like shape; a polarized-light-emitting planar light source including the optical element and the excitation light source; and a display device including the polarized-light-emitting planar light source.

Abstract: The invention provides a polarizer device. The polarizer device according to the invention is adapted to a polarized light having an electric field direction. In particular, the polarizer device according to the invention enables the polarizer to be automatically adjusted to a proper viewing angle.

Abstract: A polymerizable monomer represented by the following Formula (I): Formula (I) wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a substituted group; Y1 represents an oxygen atom or —NR3—, wherein R3 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group; Ar1 and Ar2 each independently represents an aromatic ring having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and each of Ar1 and Ar2 may have a substituted group; and n represents an integer of from 1 to 3.

Abstract: A projection objective for microlithography for imaging a pattern arranged in the object plane of the projection objective into the image plane of the projection objective has at least one polarization splitter device that is operated only once in transmission or reflection. By using this device, polarization-dependent differences in the intensity and response of the light passing through the objective, which lead to a worsening of the imaging quality of the projection objective, can largely be avoided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a passive depolarizer for use in an optical system having an image plane. The passive depolarizer includes a patterned half wave plate incorporating a monolithic layer of birefringent material. The monolithic layer includes a plurality of regions having fast axes with at least four different orientations. Accordingly, a polarized beam of light launched into the patterned half wave plate is substantially depolarized at the image plane.

Abstract: A polarizing monochromator comprising a uniaxial birefringent crystal prism, the prism has the geometry of a triangular block having a triangular base, a face including a side of the hypotenuse is an input-output face, where light enters and exits, and a face including the longer side of the right angle is a reflection face, the optic axis of the prism is perpendicular to the base of the prism, the angle of the input-output face of the prism with respect to light coming from a collimator optical system is determined in such a manner that ordinary light and extraordinary light exit from the input-output face of the prism in opposite directions with respect to an optical axis connecting the collimator optical system and the prism, and a light-collecting optical system is disposed to collect either extraordinary light or ordinary light exiting from the input-output face of the prism.

Abstract: An optical film includes at least one kind of humidity dependency improver that improves ?Re, wherein the optical film has a ratio of Re/Rth which is larger as a wavelength is longer in the visible wavelength region; and Re which is larger as a wavelength is longer in the visible wavelength region, wherein Re represents an in-plane retardation (unit: nm) of the optical film; Rth represents a retardation (unit: nm) in a thickness direction of the optical film; and ?Re represents a humidity dependency of Re defined by the following formula (1): ?Re=|Re(550)10%RH?Re(550)80%RH|,: ??Formula (1) wherein Re(550)10%RH represents Re at a wavelength of 550 nm, at a temperature of 25° C. and at a relative humidity of 10%; and Re(550)80%RH represents Re at a wavelength of 550 nm, at a temperature of 25° C. and at a relative humidity of 80%.

Abstract: A polarizing plate protective film comprising a cellulose ester, and a saccharide ester compound in which all or a part of OH groups in Compound (A) or in Compound (B) are esterified, wherein Compound (A) consists of one of a furanose structure and a pyranose structure, and Compound (B) consists of two to twelve of at least one type of a furanose structure and a pyranose structure which are bonded in Compound (B); wherein the polarizing plate protective film exhibits Ro of 0-10 nm and Rt of ?30 to +20 nm.

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus which is capable of effectively removing dust attached to an optical member due to mounting/removing of a photographic lens in a power-off state, to thereby prevent degradation of image quality. In the image pickup apparatus, when position information of a contact brush that moves in a manner interlocked with mounting/removing of the photographic lens differs immediately after execution of power-on operation from position information obtained immediately after execution of power-off operation, it is determined that photographic lens mounting/removing operation was carried out during power-off, and a camera microcomputer outputs a warning advising cleaning of the optical member.

Abstract: Optical articles such as ophthalmic lenses containing a thin hydrophobic surface layer of a fluorinated material adsorbed thereon are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to lamina(e) comprising cube corner elements, a tool comprising an assembly of laminae and replicas thereof. The invention further relates to retroreflective sheeting.

Abstract: A tunable diffraction grating includes electro-optic material between a first electrode and a second electrode and an electric bias element coupled to the first electrode and the second electrode, whereby an optical characteristic of the electro-optic material is alterable by the electric bias element so as to dynamically alter a diffractive performance of the tunable diffraction grating.

Abstract: Provided are an optical device including a multilayer reflector having a layer whose optical thickness is not ?/4, and a vertical cavity surface emitting laser using the optical device. A resonance frequency shift or a reduction in reflectivity which is caused by a deviation from an optical thickness of ?/4 can be suppressed to improve characteristics and yield. The optical device for generating light of a wavelength ? includes a reflector and an active layer. The reflector is a semiconductor multilayer reflector including a first layer and a second layer which are alternatively laminated and have different refractive indices. The first layer has an optical thickness smaller than ?/4. The second layer has an optical thickness larger than ?/4. The interface between the first layer and the second layer is located at neither a node nor an antinode of an optical intensity distribution within the reflector.

Abstract: A light management film package includes a first optical film having a structured surface and a second major surface, a second optical film having a first major surface and a second major surface disposed adjacent to and making contact with the structured surface of the first optical film via an adhesive layer. The structured surface of the first optical film includes a plurality of tall structures separated by short structures with the tops of neighboring tall structures separated by a distance of between about 50 and about 150 microns. The tall structures of the first optical film penetrate the adhesive layer, but the short structures do not.

Abstract: A display includes a case and a display source received in the case, and allows a virtual image of an image displayed on the display source projected on a windshield of a vehicle through an opening of the case to be superimposed on a foreground image through the windshield which is visually recognized at an eye point of the vehicle. A cover for the display is configured to prevent foreign particles from entering an inside of the case through the opening, and allows the image projected from the display source to pass therethrough. The cover has substantially a wedge cross section so as to align a substantially straight light path of direct light from an arbitrary point on the display source through the cover without reflection with a reflected light path of reflected light from the arbitrary point and reflected twice on inner surfaces of the cover.

Abstract: There is disclosed a zoom lens system comprising, in order from an object side, a positive first lens unit, a negative second lens unit, a positive third lens unit and a fourth lens unit having a refractive power, during magnification change from a wide-angle end to a telephoto end, a space between the first lens unit and the second lens unit, a space between the second lens unit and the third lens unit and a space between the third lens unit and the fourth lens unit change, the second lens unit has a double-concave negative lens closest to the object side, and includes two or less negative lenses and one positive lens as a whole, the total number of the lenses of the second lens unit is two or three, and the following conditions are satisfied: 0.0<SF2n1<0.9 ; and ??(1) 3.8<ft/fw<10.0 .

Abstract: There is disclosed a zoom lens system comprising: in order from an object side, a first lens unit having a positive refractive power; a second lens unit having a negative refractive power; a third lens unit having a positive refractive power; and a fourth lens unit having a refractive power, during zooming from a wide-angle end to a telephoto end, a space between the first lens unit and the second lens unit, a space between the second lens unit and the third lens unit and a space between the third lens unit and the fourth lens unit are changed, and the second lens unit includes two lenses of a negative lens and a positive lens in order from the object side.

Abstract: Disclosed is a zoom lens optical system. The optical system includes a first lens group, which is fixed and has a total reflection prism, the prism turning an optical axis from an object side to an image side, and the first lens group having a positive lens power, a second lens group having a negative lens power, a third lens group having a positive lens power; and a fourth lens group having a positive lens power. The first through fourth lens groups are sequentially arranged from the object side to the image side, and the fourth lens group is fixed while magnification variation is executed by moving the second lens group and the third lens group.

Abstract: A first group 10 having a negative refractive power, a diaphragm St and a second group 20 having a positive refractive power are arranged in order from the object side. Power variation from the wide angle end to the telephoto end is executed by moving the second group 20 to the object side along an optical axis. Correction of an image plane associated with the power variation is made by moving the first group 10 along the optical axis. The second group 20 includes a first lens L21 having at least one aspheric surface and having a positive refractive power; a cemented lens formed of a second lens L22 having a positive refractive power and a third lens L23 having a negative refractive power; a fourth lens L24 having a negative refractive power; and a fifth lens L25 having a positive refractive power in order from the object side.

Abstract: An immersion optical system includes a plurality of lenses disposed along a light beam path of the immersion optical system. The plurality of lenses include a liquid immerged lens which is contactable with a liquid layer. An optically conjugate point of an object surface is formed in the light beam path of the immersion optical system. The object surface is contactable with a liquid.

Abstract: The invention relates to an image-formation optical system that meets both demands for high performance and compactness, and an imaging system that incorporates the same. The imaging system is built up of an image-formation optical system comprises, in order from its object side, an aperture stop S, a first positive single lens L1 wherein the absolute value of the axial radius curvature of its image side-surface is smaller than that of its object side-surface, a second negative single lens L2 wherein the absolute value of the axial radius curvature of its image side-surface is smaller than that of its object side-surface and a third positive single lens L3, three single lenses in all, and an image pickup device located on the image plane I of the image-formation optical system.

Abstract: A lens barrel includes a first and second movable frames provided coaxially on an optical axis of a lens, and telescopically moved in and out from a stationary main frame; a first support member engaged with the first movable frame as a first pivot orthogonal to the optical axis, and pivotally supported on the stationary main frame at one end; a second support member engaged with the first movable frame as a second pivot orthogonal to the optical axis and the first pivot, and pivotally supported on the stationary main frame at one end; a first connection member pivotally supported on or engaged with the second movable frame as a third pivot or the first movable frame as a fourth pivot; and a second connection member pivotally supported on or engaged with the second movable frame as a fifth pivot or the first movable frame as a sixth pivot, wherein arm portions of the first support member and the first connection member are engaged with each other.

Abstract: The invention relates to an ophthalmological display comprising an optical imager (10) for shaping light beams emitted by a miniature screen (20) of a light beam generator system and for directing the beams towards the eye (O) of the wearer to enable an image (I) to be viewed, said imager presenting an outlet optical axis (A). According to the invention, the display includes a device for adjusting to the user's pupil spacing, the device including means for adjusting the position of said image (I1, I2) in a plane substantially perpendicular to said optical axis (A).

Abstract: A lens barrel is provided with: a first movable frame and a second movable frame of a plurality of movable frames that are coaxially disposed to be movable back and forth to a stationary main frame and are inserted telescopically into the stationary frame; and two U-shaped support and drive members each having a first engagement portion, wherein each of the support and drive members is constituted of two arm portions, a second engagement portion, and a coupling member which connects the two arm portions. The first movable frame is driven by one of the support and drive members, and the second movable frame and the first movable frame are engaged with each other.

Abstract: An optical film for use in transparent displays, such as reflective LCDs. The optical film has three-dimensional, prismatic structures that reflect incoming light. The prismatic structures are configured so that the reflecting facets orient the reflected light in desired reflective light pattern. The pattern shape and intensity can be controlled by the shape and dimensions of the various reflecting facets. In one embodiment, the height of the prismatic structure varies along two dimensions of the structure.