Abstract: Systems and methods for electrical component, e.g., brush, manufacture are provided that control grain orientation. The systems and methods utilize hot pressing techniques to enhance the properties and functionalities of the electrical components/brushes. An intermediate work product characterized by a grain orientation is initially formed through a conventional pressing technique. The conventionally-pressed intermediates are positioned within a cavity/die with the grain orientation in a predetermined orientation relative to the hot press force to be applied thereto. The hot pressed final product exhibits superior resistivity, strength and apparent density/durability. Surface features may be formed on the face(s) of the final work product during the hot pressing step that cannot be achieved in conventional processing techniques. Advantageous articles of manufacture, e.g., brushes and brush assemblies, are also disclosed.

Abstract: An end plate for a motor is provided at an end portion of a layered core and supports the core from both axial directions. The end plate comprises a contact surface, the shape of which corresponds to the shape of a stepped portion provided at the end portion of the core in an axial direction.

Abstract: To produce a stable electromotive force in a thermoelectric generator having a thermoelectric element that has a cooling part and a heating part and generates electric power by utilizing a temperature difference between the cooling part and the heating part. A thermoelectric generator includes a thermoelectric element that has a cooling part and a heating part and that generates electric power by utilizing a temperature difference between the cooling part and the heating part, and a heat source for heating the heating part is a micro flame. The thermoelectric generator includes: a container for containing liquid fuel; a burner tube that is connected with the interior of the container and projects from the container; and a string of a capillary tube that passes through the burner tube from the container and projects outside from the burner tube. The micro flame is produced at the top end of the burner tube by the liquid fuel transported to the top end of the string by means of a capillary phenomenon.

Abstract: A bimorphic structure responsive to changes in an environmental condition, sensor structures incorporating one or more of such bimorphic structures, and a method of forming such bimorphic structures. The sensor structure has an electrically-conductive first contact on a substrate, and a bimorph beam anchored to the substrate so that a portion thereof is suspended above the first contact. The bimorph beam has a multilayer structure that includes first and second layers, with the second layer between the first layer and the substrate. A portion of the first layer projects through an opening in the second layer toward the first contact so as to define an electrically-conductive second contact located on the beam so as to be spaced apart and aligned with the first contact for contact with the first contact when the beam sufficiently deflects toward the substrate.

Abstract: A MEMS device that has desirable tip and tilt properties employs at least two electrostatic drives, each of which has its axis of rotation aligned with the center of a post attachment point, the post attachment point being coupled to a post that is further coupled to the plate that is to be tipped and tilted. Preferably, the electrostatic drives are comb drives arranged so that their axes of rotation are at right angles. Also preferably, in at least one direction, two comb drives are coupled to provide greater torque about a single axis.

Abstract: A micro-oscillation element facilitates adjusting the natural frequency relevant to the oscillating motion of the oscillating portion. The micro-oscillation element includes, for example, an oscillating portion, a frame, and a link portion that connects the oscillating portion and the frame. The link portion defines the oscillation axial center of oscillating motion of the oscillating portion with respect to the frame. The oscillating portion includes a main oscillating body, and a weight portion attached to the main oscillating body. The weight portion is movable in a direction intersecting the oscillation axial center.

Abstract: Disclosed are encapsulated microelectromechanical devices that are integrated with integrated circuit devices in the same substrate. Exemplary microelectromechanical apparatus comprises a substrate, one or more movable microelectromechanical elements formed in the substrate, and one or more stationary elements that are electrically operative elements of the apparatus and that form a protective layer for the movable microelectromechanical elements. Reduced to practice devices include acoustic resonators whose stationary electrodes also encapsulate the resonators. CMOS integrated circuit devices may be formed on the substrate beside or on top of the microelectromechanical devices.

Abstract: A vibration control apparatus capable of efficiently generating vibrations of different orders using the same electrodes. A plurality of electrodes polarized to have desired polarities are formed in a piezoelectric element, and are divided into a plurality of electrode groups each comprised of electrodes including two or more electrodes with different polarities. Phases and frequency of alternating voltages applied to the electrode groups are changed, thereby generating vibrations of different orders.

Abstract: A piezoelectric/electrostrictive device is provided, including a pair of mutually opposing thin plate sections and a fixation section for supporting the thin plate sections. A piezoelectric/electrostrictive element is arranged on each of the thin plate sections. The piezoelectric/electrostrictive device also includes movable sections defined by at least first end portions of the thin plate sections and a material which is different from that of the thin plate section.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to a device which may be permanently attached or removably attached to a material such as a vehicular glass window or airplane wing. This device may comprise of a converter sub-unit or vibrator and a coupler. These elements may be arranged to propagate mechanical motion generated by the converter sub-unit through the coupler and optionally into the edge of the attached material. The resulting vibration motion in the material, which could take the form of a longitudinal compression/rarefaction wave, transverse wave, or a combination of the two waveforms, may be of a sufficient magnitude so as to cause the adhesive bond between the material's surface and other solid debris, such as ice, to be broken. This allows the debris to fall away while not damaging the material. The vibration motion in the material may be also of sufficient magnitude to remove a liquid such as water from the material surface.

Abstract: A tuning fork crystal oscillation plate includes a tuning fork crystal oscillation piece, first and second grooves, first and second groove electrodes, first side surface electrodes, and second side surface electrodes. The first groove electrode is connected to the second side surface electrodes to constitute one terminal. The second groove electrode is connected to the first side surface electrodes to constitute the other terminal. A method of manufacturing a tuning fork crystal oscillation plate is also disclosed.

Abstract: A housing 25 of a stepping motor 1 consists of a pair of case sections 27 arranged in front and rear in the direction of an axial line L of a rotating shaft 3. The case sections 27 are formed of: an end plate 27a to which a bearing 31 for supporting the rotating shaft 3 is fixed, and a base plate 27b and a top plate 27c extending from the end plate 27a in the direction of axial line L of the rotating shaft 3. The case sections 27 are formed by bending a single plate material.

Abstract: An encoder for recording measured values, which depend on the rotating angle between a shaft (12) and a housing (10) containing the shaft (12), exhibits a stator (20) which is secured to the housing (10), a rotor (30) which is secured to the shaft (12), and a scanner which records the rotation of the rotor (30) relative to the stator (20). An elastic ring (42) with supporting points (44) rests on the circumference of the stator (20). In the mounting process the encoder is positioned on the shaft until the stator (20) is axially braced against the housing with the supporting points (44) of the elastic ring (42). In this auxiliary position the rotor (30) is fixed in position on the shaft. Then the stator is pressed against the housing while working against the force of the elastic ring (42) and is secured to the housing.

Abstract: An alternator has a rectifier converting an alternating current to a direct current. The rectifier has a heat sink and rectifying elements. The sink has front and rear surfaces opposite to each other along a depth direction. The sink has holes each extending along the depth direction. Each element has a disk disposed in one hole and a semiconductor pellet attached to the disk. Each disk has upper and bottom surfaces opposite to each other along the depth direction. Each pellet is disposed on the upper surface. A contact surface of each disk is in contact with the sink. A position of the upper surface of each disk is placed between the first and second surfaces of the heat sink. A range of the contact surface of each disk is within a range between the upper and bottom surfaces of the disk.

Abstract: A direct drive without bearings for coupling to a shaft has a housing having a first end face composed of a connection flange with a central recess and a second end face composed of a removable cover diametrically opposed to the connecting flange, a rotor and a stator located coaxially with each other inside the housing, with the stator being fixedly connected with the housing, and locking elements via which the rotor is fixed inside the housing in position in a radial direction, and/or axial direction.

Abstract: A cabinet has a housing, multiple tracks, multiple drawers, a safety device and a lock assembly. Each track has a sliding rail having a guiding notch and a locking hole. The safety device is mounted in the housing and has a fixed base, a moving base, multiple locking blocks, multiple locking tongues, multiple guiding posts and multiple guiding blocks. The locking blocks are securely attached to the moving base and each have a locking tab. The locking tongues are mounted respectively on the drawers and selectively aligning with the locking tabs on the locking blocks. The guiding posts are mounted on the moving base and locate respectively above the locking blocks. The guiding blocks are slidably and respectively attached to of the tracks. Each guiding block has an inclined face and corresponding to and selectively abutting with a corresponding one of the guiding posts.

Abstract: A computer dock comprises a main body and a retractable assembly disposed on the back side of the main body, the retractable assembly includes a slide, a connector, a supporting plate and a moving block, and both the moving block and the connector are protruded out the main body and provided function of vertical movement, when an electronic device put on the main body of the computer dock for connection the moving block is then by vertical movement to drive the slide moved in horizontal movement and further to drive the connector moved back in vertical movement relative to the slide horizontally moved, by this manner the computer dock in application allows various electronic devices with different thicknesses to connect.

Abstract: An ottoman used to organize and store articles in the interior, the ottoman having an access panel to provide access to its interior wherein the access panel is formed by a sidewall of the ottoman. Located in the interior of the ottoman is a configurable organizer system.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cupboard-shaped piece of furniture (1) with side walls (2), on each of which a control mechanism (4) for the displacement of a door leaf (7) is arranged, whereby the control mechanisms (4) are connected by means of a synchronisation rod (10) for the synchronised movement thereof. The synchronisation rod (10) comprises a fixing device (12) on at least one end region for the detachable connection of the synchronisation rod (10) to a rotating piece (17) of the control mechanism (4), characterised in that the fixing device (12) is embodied such that the synchronisation rod (10) may also be connected to the rotating piece (17) when the rotating piece (17) is already pre-assembled on a side wall (2) of the piece of furniture (1).

Abstract: An appliance includes a cabinet having a plurality of cabinet walls defining a compartment, a storage member configured to support an item for storage in the compartment, and a support assembly slidably mounted within the compartment. The support assembly includes a fixed rail mounted to one of the cabinet walls, and a movable rail slidably coupled to the fixed rail and movable along a sliding direction between a retracted position and an extended position. A bracket is slidably mounted to the movable rail and is movable along a sliding direction between a retracted position and an extended position. The sliding direction of the bracket is substantially parallel to the sliding direction of the movable rail. The storage member is fixedly connected to the bracket and movable with the bracket.

Abstract: An anode electrode 10 is composed of a straight elongated cylindrical body, and the outer periphery of the cylindrical body is covered with a dielectric body 12. Further, a cathode portion 20 has a straight semicylindrical shape. A cathode 25 surrounds the anode, and the anode and cathode are disposed parallel to each other in the longitudinal direction. Further, the cathode comprises a cathode wire group 16. Both ends of the cathode wire group are fixed to both ends 20D in the longitudinal direction of the semicylindrical body constituting the cathode portion, so that a plurality of wires become parallel to each other. A reflective surface for reflecting irradiation in a vacuum ultraviolet region is formed on the surface 20S of the cathode portion at the side facing the anode.

Abstract: The invention relates to a high-pressure discharge lamp which comprises at least a burner (2) having a symmetrical discharge chamber (21), where at least the outer contour of the burner (2) has an elliptical shape in the region of the discharge chamber (21), two electrodes (41, 42) extending into the discharge chamber (21) and arranged in mutual opposition on the major axis of symmetry of the discharge chamber (21), and a multilayer interference filter (3) arranged on the outer contour of the burner (2) in the region of the discharge chamber (21), wherein the interference filter (3) mainly reflects light from at least one wavelength range of the UV light into the space between the two electrodes (41, 42).

Abstract: A lamp includes a reflector having a passageway opening to a heel of the reflector, a lamp capsule having a lead that extends rearward through the passageway, a conductive clip that spans a diameter of the heel and that has tabs that extend forward at opposite sides of the heel and an arm that extends rearward, the arm being attached to a portion of the lead that projects out of the passageway, and a base that is attached to the heel and that engages the tabs at the opposite sides of the heel. The arm holds the lamp capsule in place and electrically connects the lamp capsule to the base. The arm may be a semi-detached central portion of the clip that is bent to be substantially parallel to an axis of the lead.

Abstract: A light source device includes: a reflector having a concave reflecting surface; a lamp attached to a central portion of the reflector; and a visible-ray reflective film formed on the reflecting surface of the reflector. The visible-ray reflective film includes alternately stacked films including a first reflective film formed of ZnS and a second reflective film having a lower refractive index than that of the first reflective film. The light source device further includes an ultraviolet blocking member for blocking ultraviolet rays included in light emitted from a light-emitting portion of the lamp, and for passing visible rays included in light emitted from the light-emitting portion. The ultraviolet blocking member is disposed between the light-emitting portion of the lamp and the reflector.

Abstract: An extension-type spark plug (10) is disclosed for igniting the air-fuel mixture in an internal combustion engine. The spark plug (10) includes an installation conduit (12), a contact button (34), an electrode extension (20), a firing electrode (60), a ground plate (66), a sleeve insulator (22), an upper insulator (90) and a lower insulator (50). The electrode extension (20) is axially aligned with and in communication with the firing electrode (60). The ground plate (66) is proximate the firing electrode (60) to define a spark gap between the firing electrode (60) and a first end of the ground plate (66). The sleeve insulator (22) surrounds the electrode extension (20). The upper insulator (90) surrounds an upper portion of the electrode extension (20) and is in contact with the sleeve insulator (22). The lower insulator (50) surrounds the lower portion of the electrode extension (20) and is in contact with the sleeve insulator (22).

Abstract: A spark plug including a center electrode; an insulator; a metal shell; a ground electrode; and an annular packing, all as defined herein, wherein the packing has a hardness greater than or equal to a hardness of the stepped portion of the metal shell or has a Vickers hardness of not less than 300 Hv. Preferably, a difference between the hardness of the packing and the hardness of the stepped portion of the metal shell is from 120 Hv to 160 Hv, and the packing has a Vickers hardness of not more than 500 Hv.

Abstract: There is provided a substrate for a surface light source device, comprising a first secondary electron emission layer including crystalline magnesium oxide (MgO) powder on a surface of the substrate. There is also provided a surface light source device comprising a first substrate and a second substrate facing each other at a predetermined distance between which a discharge space is formed; and an electrode to apply a discharge voltage to the discharge space, wherein a first secondary electron emission layer including crystalline MgO powder is formed on a surface of at least one of the first substrate and the second substrate. Preferably, the crystalline MgO powder is obtained by grinding an MgO sputtering target.

Abstract: A lamp base (10), for example, for a tungsten-halogen lamp, comprises three electrically conductive parts or elements and a glass insulator. Specifically, the lamp base (10) comprises a first metallic outer part (12), a glass inner part (14), an electrically conducting eyelet (18), and an upper electrically conductive part (20), all symmetrically arrayed about a longitudinal axis (16). The glass insulator (14) bonds all of the electrically conductive parts, (12, 18) and (20). The metallic outer part (12) is preferably threaded for insertion into a socket and has a major, internal diameter D1. The glass inner part (14) has a primary, external diameter that is equal to the major internal diameter D1; i.e., the external diameter of the glass inner part (14) is contiguous with the internal diameter of the metallic outer part (12). Further, the internal glass part (14) has an opening (14a) therein and the opening (14a) has a secondary diameter D2. In an aspect of the invention, D2/D1 is greater than 0.

Abstract: Cathode ray tube for which the front face is flat and/or for which the deflection angle is greater than 110°. The tube comprises a front panel supporting a luminescent screen surrounded by a flange perpendicular to the panel, the said panel being defined by: a thickness t at the corner of the screen, a distance t1 between the corner of the screen and the free edge of the flange, a rear part in the form of a funnel, whose tapered free edge is arranged at the distance t2 from the reference line of the tube. The tube is characterized by values of t, t1, t2 chosen in such a manner that the ratio A=(t1+/t)/t2 is between the range of values [0.0061?m?7.8 10?6(?m)2±0.05]. for which ?m is expressed in degrees. Hence, the quantity of glass reduced while providing the mechanical strength necessary for resisting the application of a vacuum to the tube.

Abstract: An electron beam pumped laser including a surface-emitting laser faceplate oriented at a non-perpendicular angle. Embodiments are described in which a bending coil bends the electron beam, or in which the faceplate is situated in the direct path of the e-beam emission but with a non-zero orientation angle. The faceplate may include a substantially opaque substrate, and an opaque heat-removing structure may be attached to the substrate to provide high heat transfer, thereby allowing high electron-beam pumping intensity and providing more light emission from a smaller package. In some embodiments the partially reflective mirror comprises a metal layer that has a plurality of openings. Multiple laser faceplates (e.g., red, green, and blue) may be placed in the same tube, to provide a continuous light source for projection television. The substrate may be connected to ground to provide an exit path for electrons from the laser gain layer.

Abstract: Organic devices comprising an organic layer, wherein the organic layer comprises: (a) a host material formed of a covalently cross-linked matrix comprising an organic charge transport material, and (b) a dopant. The charge transport material has reactive groups for forming cross-links. The cross-linked matrix may allow the organic layer to be solvent resistant. The dopant may protect the cross-linked matrix from electrochemical degradation. The dopant may be a charge acceptor and/or capable of forming covalent bonds with free reactive groups on the cross-linked charge transport material.

Abstract: A microelectronic device with which light radiation may be produced, notably used for forming enhanced pixels of screens or displays of the OLED type for example.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescence device includes an element substrate including a plurality of light-emitting elements each having an organic luminescent layer held between a pair of electrodes, a sealing substrate opposed to the element substrate, and a peripheral seal layer provided in the peripheral portion between the element substrate and the sealing substrate, for fixing the element substrate and the sealing substrate, wherein an electrode protecting layer covering the light-emitting elements, an organic buffer layer covering the electrode protecting layer, and a gas barrier layer covering the organic buffer layer are formed, the gas barrier layer is formed in a region wider than that of the organic buffer layer, the peripheral seal layer is provided on the gas barrier layer, and the peripheral edge of the organic buffer layer is disposed within the width of the peripheral seal layer

Abstract: An image display apparatus comprises: a display unit 1000 including a substrate 1003 having an outer surface provided with an image display area 1001; a conductive layer 1022 that is disposed on the substrate 1003 via an adhesive layer 1021; and an electrode 1002 that is disposed on at least a part of the area except for the image display area 1001 on the outer surface of the substrate 1003. The electrode 1002 and at least a part of the conductive layer 1022 are layered via a part of the adhesive layer 1021, and the electrode 1002 and the conductive layer 1022 are electrically connected.

Abstract: An optical plate includes a plate body, a first lens pattern which is depressed on a first surface of the plate body, and a second lens pattern which is projected from a second surface of the plate body. The second lens pattern corresponds to the first lens pattern.

Abstract: In a display panel having electrode wires connected to drive units, the electrode wires form N number of electrode wire groups, each of which is composed of M number of successive adjacent electrode wires, and the display panel has first and second connecting terminal groups, arranged along first and second sides of the panel respectively and each having M terminals. K number of electrode wire groups out of the N number of electrode wire groups (K<N) are connected via leading lines to the first connecting terminal groups respectively, N?K number of electrode wire groups out of the N number of electrode wire groups are connected via the leading lines to the second connecting terminal groups respectively, and the K number of electrode wire groups and the N?K number of electrode wire groups are arranged alternately or in alternate sets of a plurality of groups.

Abstract: A Plasma Display Panel (PDP) having an increased coating area of a phosphor material and improved brightness and efficiency includes: a front substrate through which light is transmitted and a rear substrate facing the front substrate and in which a plurality of discharge spaces are arranged between the front substrate and the rear substrate; a first electrode arranged on the front substrate; a second electrode arranged on the rear substrate to cross the first electrode and to generate a discharge within one of the discharge spaces between the first electrode and the second electrode; a dielectric layer arranged on the rear substrate facing the discharge spaces and having a plurality of concavo-convex portions in a region defined by the discharge spaces; and a phosphor layer arranged on the concavo-convex portions.

Abstract: This invention discloses novel field emitters which exhibit improved emission characteristics combined with improved emitter stability, in particular, new types of carbide or nitride based electron field emitters with desirable nanoscale, aligned and sharped-tip emitter structures.

Abstract: An anode electrode 10 is composed of a straight elongated cylindrical body, and the outer periphery of the cylindrical body is covered with a dielectric body 12. Further, a cathode portion 20 has a straight semicylindrical shape. A cathode 25 surrounds the anode, and the anode and cathode are disposed parallel to each other in the longitudinal direction. Further, the cathode comprises a cathode wire group 16. Both ends of the cathode wire group are fixed to both ends 20D in the longitudinal direction of the semicylindrical body constituting the cathode portion, so that a plurality of wires become parallel to each other. A reflective surface for reflecting irradiation in a vacuum ultraviolet region is formed on the surface 20S of the cathode portion at the side facing the anode.

Abstract: A light emission device and a display device using the light emission device as a light source are provided. The light emission device includes first and second substrates facing each other and forming a vacuum vessel, an electron emission unit located on the first substrate, and a light emission unit located on the second substrate. The light emission unit includes a plurality of phosphor layers located on the second substrate and spaced from each other, a light reflective layer located between the phosphor layers, and an anode electrode located at one side of the phosphor layers and the light reflective layer.

Abstract: A white light-emitting apparatus including a light-emitting device, a nitride fluorescent material and an oxynitride fluorescent material is provided. The light-emitting device is capable of generating a first color light having a first wavelength range. The nitride fluorescent material and the oxynitride fluorescent material cover the light-emitting device. The nitride and oxynitride fluorescent material are excited by the first color light, and further generate a second color light having a second wavelength range and a third color light having a third wavelength range, respectively. The first, second and third color lights are mixed together to generate a white light. A white light-emitting diode is also disclosed.

Abstract: An organic EL device includes a substrate, a first electrode, a luminous layer, a second electrode and a charge transport layer. The charge transport layer is provided between the luminous layer and the first electrode or between the luminous layer and the second electrode. The charge transport layer is made of a charge transport material including a polymeric compound having, in a polymer main chain, a condensed ring structure composed of a plurality of rings including a pyrrole ring with the main chain being a conjugated system.

Abstract: An organic EL light emitting element is provided with a conductive transparent electrode 3, a counter electrode 8 opposing the conductive transparent electrode 3, an organic EL light emitting layer 6 provided between the conductive transparent electrode 3 and the counter electrode 8, an insulating protection layer 9 provided to cover at least the organic EL light emitting layer 6, and a heat dissipating layer 11 which is brought into contact with the insulating protection layer 9. The conductive transparent electrode has an ITO film including at least one of Hf, V and Zr at least on the surface part on the side of the organic EL light emitting layer 6, and the insulating protection layer 9 includes a nitride film having a thickness of 100 nm or less.

Abstract: An organic light emitting display device capable of hermetically sealing a space between a deposition substrate and an encapsulation substrate with inorganic sealing materials is disclosed. One embodiment of the organic light emitting display device includes a first substrate including power supply lines formed on an array, and a circumference of the array, of an organic light emitting diode, and connected to a pad unit through the power pad line to supply a power source to each of the organic light emitting diodes; a second substrate arranged on at least the array of the first substrate; and an inorganic sealing material for sealing an inner space between the first substrate and the second substrate while forming a closed boundary, wherein the inorganic sealing material is not overlapped with a region in which the power supply line is formed.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent (EL) element array includes a substrate, a first organic EL element emitting red light, a second organic EL element emitting green light, and a third organic EL element emitting blue light. The first, second, and third organic EL elements each include a first electrode, an organic compound layer, and a light-transmissive second electrode arranged on the substrate in that order. The second electrode of the first organic EL element has a semitransparent reflective layer. The first electrode of the first organic EL element has a reflective face and a resonant structure located between the reflective face and the semitransparent reflective layer. The second and third organic EL elements each has a resonant structure located between a reflective face of the first electrode of the second or third organic EL element and a light-extracting face of the transparent layer of the second or third organic EL element.

Abstract: An organic light emitting display device may include a pixel portion including a plurality of pixels, which are coupled to scan lines and data lines, a scan driver adapted to provide scan signals to the scan lines, a first transistor group adapted to test the plurality of pixels, the first transistor group being directly connected to first ends of the data lines, a second transistor group adapted to test the plurality of pixels, the second transistor group being connected to second ends of the data lines, a data distributor coupled between the second ends of the data lines and the second transistor group, a first wire group extending in a first direction at an outer area of the light emitting display device, and a second wire group extending in a second direction at the outer area of the light emitting display device.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent (EL) element includes at least a positive hole transport layer, a light emitting layer and an electron transport layer between at least a pair of electrodes, wherein the light emitting layer contains therein at least two light emitting materials having different Ea values or Ip values and emitting phosphorescence having the same color as each other, and among the two light emitting materials, a light emitting material having a larger Ea value or Ip value is contained at a higher density in a region of the light emitting layer in the vicinity of the positive hole transport layer, while a light emitting material having a smaller Ea value or Ip value is contained at a higher density in a region of the light emitting layer in the vicinity of the electron transport layer.

Abstract: In an organic EL display panel, one sealing substrate is shared between two organic EL substrates, thereby achieving thinning and lightening of the panel body. The display panel includes a sealing substrate having a first concave portion and a second concave portion opposite the first concave portion, a first transparent glass substrate hermetically sealed on the first concave portion, a first organic light emitting element formed on a surface of the first transparent glass substrate, a first desiccant disposed on a bottom surface of the first concave portion, a second transparent glass substrate hermetically sealed on the second concave portion, a second organic light emitting element formed on a surface of the second transparent glass substrate, a second desiccant disposed on a surface of the second concave portion, wherein the first organic light emitting element and the second organic light emitting element achieve a shared use of the sealing substrate.

Abstract: An organic light emitting element is formed on the substrate. The organic light emitting element includes a first electrode, a bank, a surface energy, an organic light emitting member and a second electrode. The first electrode receives the first driving signal. The first electrode has a first surface energy. The bank surrounds sides of the first electrode. The surface energy lowering pattern is formed on the bank. The surface energy lowering pattern has a second surface energy that is lower than the first surface energy. The organic light emitting member is formed on the first electrode. The second electrode receives a second driving signal to display an image. Therefore, an image display quality of the display apparatus is improved.

Abstract: An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) device, comprising: a first electrode and a second electrode. One or more organic layers are formed there-between, including an organic light-emitting layer. The second electrode is transparent. A contrast enhancement element is formed on a side of the second electrode, opposite the organic layer, and has a geometric area for controlling ambient light contrast ratio of the OLED device.