Abstract: A method of providing network access across a shared communications medium between competing users pursuant to SLAs of the users includes the steps of: (a) monitoring network access usage by each user during a time interval; (b) comparing the monitored network access usage by each user with a predetermined threshold value; and (c) soliciting a user to modify the user's SLA if the user's monitored network access usage varies from the predetermined value by a predetermined tolerance. The solicitation is conducted via email, instant messaging, redirection of a web browser of the user to a solicitation web page, generation and mailing of literature, telephonic communication, or other communication avenue.

Abstract: A high throughput station in a wireless local area network including high throughput stations and legacy stations with different data transmission capabilities, the station being configured to obtain transmission parameters of a transmitting high throughput station from a data transmission frame of a high throughput format received from the transmitting high throughput station, search for transmission parameters corresponding to a legacy format among transmission parameters of the receiving high throughput station, which correspond to the transmission parameters of the transmitting high throughput station, and determine the transmission rate of the control response frame based on a result of the search.

Abstract: A wireless communication device, and a method thereof, for media burst control of discrete content for a push-to-cellular communication. One circuit of device communicates continuous data via a real time data, such as RTP. Another circuit communicates control information associated with the continuous data via a real time control protocol, such as RTCP. A third circuit communicates discrete data and control information associated with the discrete data via a non-real time protocol, such as MSRP. A request signal for floor control is transmitted by a first device and received by a second device via a non-real time protocol associated with discrete media. The discrete media is then transmitted by the first device and received by the second device via the non-real time protocol.

Abstract: A technique to route data according to a speculative priority. At least one embodiment detects a conflict among a number of data received by the router, assigns a speculative priority to one of the data in a first clock portion and sends the speculatively prioritized data to a receiving agent in a subsequent clock portion.

Abstract: An audio/vide bridging (AVB) system using an extended AVB reservation protocol, and a resource reservation method are provided wherean AVB system using an extended AVB reservation protocol includes an egress device for transmitting a Generic Attribute Registration Protocol (GARP) or Multiple Registration Protocol (MRP) message comprising an AVB stream identifier or an application stream identifier to a relay device, the relay device for registering the AVB stream identifier or the application stream identifier according to the GARP/MRP message, and transmitting the GARP/MRP message comprising the application stream identifier, to an ingress device, and the ingress device for allocating the AVB stream identifier corresponding to the application stream identifier via the GARP/MRP message comprising the application stream identifier, and transmitting a reservation signal to the relay device.

Abstract: Various embodiments are described to provide more efficient interworking in inter-technology networks. A first network node (121) provides access network service to remote units (101, e.g.) using a first access network technology, while a second network node provides access network service to remote units using a second and different access network technology. The first network node indicates to a networking device (122), what messaging associated with the second access network technology will be supported by a remote unit via the first network node. The networking device receiving this indication can then determine whether new messaging for the remote unit associated with the second access network technology and to be conveyed via the first network node, is supported. This networking device can then prevent the conveyance of the new messaging via the first network node.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for stateless group communication based on constructing and encoding sender based trees. The headers obtained by encoding the distribution trees are inserted in each communication packet. The encoding allows partial or full decoding of the distribution trees. The encoding is performed to minimize the overhead of the header and the processing required for partial decoding of the distribution tree. The invention includes mechanisms for processing the encoded header at intermediate nodes in the distribution tree in order to determine the next communication nodes and mechanisms for modification and re-encoding of the trees in order to provide resilience to network failures or to react to application level specified conditions.

Abstract: The invention consists of equipment and a method for allowing old line capacity to provide near dsl or superior dsl quality telephone connections. A method of handling a telephone call with an associated data package over a telephone system having a power pair of lines and a second pair of communication lines with the steps of: a) determining the types of data desired to create a data group from the group consisting of voice, picture, bio-marker (finger print, retinal scan, etc.), card holder information (credit card number, etc.

Abstract: At an ingress interface of a data network first information data are generated, at an egress interface of the data network second information data are generated, correction data are generated on the basis of the second information data, and at the egress interface a clock frequency is recovered on the basis of the first information data and the correction data.

Abstract: A data synchronizer that receives an input stream of asynchronous digital data in packets, and provides an output stream of synchronous data in packets. The synchronizer includes a first memory unit and a second memory unit, each having a data input, a data output, a write clock input and a read clock input. A first switch is provided for switching connection of the input in alternating manner between the first memory unit input and the second memory unit input, and a second switch is provided for switching connection of the data synchronizer output in alternating manner between the first memory unit output and the second memory unit output. A write clock is provided to write clock inputs of the first and second memory units.

Abstract: A method and system for increasing the precision of time synchronization among a plurality of host nodes in a packet-switched network by reducing transmission delay variation in the network. Each host node is provided with a distinct set of transmission times selected from a global schedule in such a way as to avoid concurrent transmission of messages by the plurality of host nodes. The transmission times may be determined as offsets within a global hyperperiod, and each host node carries out transmissions according to predetermine offsets the respective host node. Transmissions according to offsets may be applied to real-time messages, including time-synchronization messages, hence yielding increase precision of synchronization.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transmitting packets in a wireless communication system (100). The method and apparatus determining a delay period from among the various delay times at each of a plurality of access nodes (106-110) wherein the delay time is the time it takes for a node to receive a data packet from a source (102) through a network (104). During transmission of data from the source, the nodes receive data packets and from the data packets, the wall clock time is determined. The packets are transmitted from the nodes at a time equivalent to the wall clock time and the delay period so that the packets are synchronously transmitted from the multiple nodes.

Abstract: A method of performing node-based static timing analysis on a digital network and a program storage device for implementing the method, wherein the method comprises partitioning timing delays in the digital network into portions attributable to a factor of interest and portions attributable to other factors; multiplying the timing delays by different weights based on the factor of interest to produce weighted timing delays; and using the multiplied timing delays to determine a relative impact of the factor of interest on the various paths in the digital network. The method further comprises setting arrival times of timing signals at digital network path start points to zero and identifying digital network paths whose timing delays are dominated by a particular factor of interest. The different weights comprise any of a positive weight, a negative weight, and a zero weight.

Abstract: A surface-emitting laser includes reflectors. One of the reflectors has multiple layers including one or more high-refractive-index layers and one or more low-refractive-index layers which are alternately stacked. At least one of the low-refractive-index layers includes a first region containing aluminum oxide and a second region surrounding the first region. A boundary between the first and second regions is positioned within a region where laser light is emitted. The reflectance of the multilayer reflector is higher in a portion including the first region than in a portion including the second region.

Abstract: Provided is a Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VECSEL). The VECSEL includes a semiconductor chip, a pump laser, a narrow bandwidth polarization filter, an external mirror, and a Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) element. The semiconductor chip includes an active layer generating light having a wavelength and a reflective layer reflecting the light generated in the active layer. The pump laser emits a pump beam for exciting the active layer. The narrow bandwidth polarization filter is formed on the semiconductor chip and polarizes the light. The external mirror faces the active layer, amplifies the light emitted from the active layer by repeatedly reflecting the light toward the reflective layer, and outputs the amplified light out of the VECSEL. The SHG element is disposed between the narrow bandwidth polarization filter and the external mirror and converts the wavelength of the light.

Abstract: A laser module includes a substrate 1, a first laser element 2 placed on the substrate 1, a second laser element 3 placed with an output surface opposed to the first laser element 2 on the substrate 1, and a mirror 7 placed between the first laser element 2 and the second laser element 3. The mirror 7 has a reflective surface capable of reflecting output light from the first laser element 2 or the second laser element 3 in a predetermined direction, and is placed so as to move or rotate between a first position capable of reflecting the output light from the first laser element 2 and a second position capable of reflecting the output light from the second laser element 3. Thus, a laser module can be provided in which high precision, low cost, and miniaturization can be realized.

Abstract: A directly modulated distributed feedback (DFB) laser with improved optical field uniformity and mode stability may include a laser cavity and a distributed reflector and/or external reflectors. The distributed reflector may be a Bragg grating and may extend asymmetrically over a only portion of the laser cavity. The external reflectors may themselves be distributed Bragg reflectors and may have unequal reflectances. Optical field uniformity may be improved by adjusting the length and/or position of the distributed reflector in the laser cavity. Optical field uniformity may be improved by adjusting a coupling strength parameter, which is a function of a coupling coefficient, ?, and the length of the distributed reflector.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide a miniaturized optical laser module that eliminates shift in contacting surfaces when contacting and fixing with adhesive two element carriers respectively holding an optical element and obtains a smooth adhesion fixation. A semiconductor laser module that has a configuration in which the element carriers respectively arranged with optical elements for laser oscillation are contacted and securely attached to each other to optically connect the optical elements and form a semiconductor laser, and externally outputs a laser light to an optical fiber arranged in advance via an optical system; where collar parts for setting contacting areas to an enlarged state when contacting the element carriers and being removably configured are integrally arranged on each element carrier on both side end faces at a contacting surface of each element carrier.

Abstract: Laser protection arrangement with a safety cutoff comprising a passive laser protection wall which stores the radiation energy of impinging radiation of a laser of a laser material processing installation, a laser protection foil which causes a detectable change when struck by laser radiation and which is arranged in front in direction of the laser radiation, and at least one sensor which is connected to the laser by a threshold switch in order to switch off the laser when the received detector signal exceeds or falls below a threshold value.

Abstract: A nitride semiconductor laser diode includes: a substrate made of silicon in which a plane orientation of a principal surface is a {100} plane; and a semiconductor that includes a plurality of semiconductor layers formed on the substrate and including an active layer, each of the plurality of semiconductor layers being made of group III nitride. The semiconductor has a plane parallel to a {011} plane which is a plane orientation of silicon as a cleaved facet, the cleaved facet forming a facet mirror.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser device includes first and second conductivity type cladding layer side guide layers disposed in direct contact with respective surfaces of an active layer, sandwiching the active layer; and first and second conductivity type cladding layers disposed in direct contact with the first and second conductivity type cladding layer side guide layer, respectively. The first and second conductivity type cladding layer side guide layers are InGaAsP which is lattice-matched to GaAs and have an As composition ratio more than 0 and not exceeding 0.3. The first and second conductivity type cladding layers are AlGaAs, having an Al composition ratio less than 1.0 and at least equal to an Al composition ratio at which refractive index of the AlGaAs is less than the refractive index of the InGaAsP.

Abstract: The semiconductor laser according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises, in an active layer, a first part (7) in the form of a narrow monomode stripe with transverse gain guiding, terminating in a second part (8) flaring out from the first part, also with transverse gain guiding.

Abstract: The invention relates to high power broad-area semiconductor lasers incorporating a structure that provides both gain guiding and index guiding. The lateral width of the index guiding region is greater than the lateral width of the gain guiding region by at least 20 micron. This results in a high power broad-area semiconductor laser which has reduced lateral divergence of the output beam.

Abstract: A laser diode and method for fabricating same, wherein the laser diode generally comprises an InGaN compliance layer on a GaN n-type contact layer and an AlGaN/GaN n-type strained super lattice (SLS) on the compliance layer. An n-type GaN separate confinement heterostructure (SCH) is on said n-type SLS and an InGaN multiple quantum well (MQW) active region is on the n-type SCH. A GaN p-type SCH on the MQW active region, an AlGaN/GaN p-type SLS is on the p-type SCH, and a p-type GaN contact layer is on the p-type SLS. The compliance layer has an In percentage that reduces strain between the n-type contact layer and the n-type SLS compared to a laser diode without the compliance layer. Accordingly, the n-type SLS can be grown with an increased Al percentage to increase the index of refraction. This along with other features allows for reduced threshold current and voltage operation.

Abstract: A laser diode comprising a first separate confinement heterostructure and an active region on the first separate confinement heterostructure. A second separate confinement heterostructure is on the active region and one or more epitaxial layers is on the second separate confinement heterostructure. A ridge is formed in the epitaxial layers with a first mesa around the ridge. The first mesa is 0.1 to 0.2 microns above the second confinement heterostructure.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a laser diode comprising providing a laser diode epitaxial structure and depositing a metal layer stack on the epitaxial structure, the stack comprising a contact and sacrificial layer. A ridge is formed in the laser diode epitaxial structure, the stack being the mask forming the ridge. An insulting layer is deposited over the ridge and at least a portion of the sacrificial layer is removed. At least a portion of the insulating thin film at the top of the stack is also removed. A pad metal is deposited in electrical contact with the contact and the pad metal is insulated from the ridge and laser diode epitaxial structures by the insulting layer. A laser diode fabricated using the method comprises a laser diode epitaxial structure having a ridge with mesas on the sides of the ridge. A p-contact is on the ridge, and an insulating layer covers the exposed surfaces of the ridge, and at least a portion of the mesas.

Abstract: A laser module includes a first substrate, a second substrate, an optical element, a frequency converter, a selective reflector and a surface-emitter. The first and second substrates are positioned substantially parallel to each other and each include one or more alignment elements. The optical element, the frequency converter, the selective reflector, and the surface-emitter are positioned between the first substrate and the second substrate such that at least a portion of light emission from the surface-emitter travels through the optical element, through the frequency converter, and through the selective reflector. Each of the optical element, the frequency converter, the selective reflector, and the surface-emitter are at least partially supported by the one or more alignment elements.

Abstract: Systems and arrangements to assess the thermal performance of a thermal solution based upon the ability of a device under test (DUT) to operate in accordance with electrical performance criteria are contemplated. Embodiments may include a tester to couple with the DUT to determine an operating junction temperature. In some embodiments, the measured junction temperature may be the operating junction temperature anticipated for the DUT in a customer installation. In other embodiments, the tester may comprise logic to calculate a projected, operating junction temperature based upon the measured junction temperature and known differences between the tester and a customer installation. Upon determining the operating junction temperature for the DUT at the customer installation, the operating junction temperature is compared against a maximum junction temperature for proper operation of the DUT. Advantageously, the maximum junction temperature may be varied based upon the project objective for a line of DUTs.

Abstract: A calorimeter and a method of performing calorimetric analysis are disclosed. The calorimeter comprises a sample chamber having a gas inlet and a gas outlet, a flow duct interconnecting the gas inlet and the gas outlet to form a flow circuit with the sample chamber. A pump is disposed within the flow circuit operable to cause gas to flow into the gas inlet. There is a heater to heat gas flowing within the flow circuit. There is a respective sensor, operable to detect the temperature of one or more sample within the sample chamber For use, the flow circuit is sealed such that gas within it is retained for circulation by the pump, the gas being heated by the heater before passing into the sample chamber to transfer heat to sample therein. In the method, one or more sample is placed in the sample chamber. The pump and the heater are then operated, while the output of the sensor is monitored to record the change of temperature of the sample over time.

Abstract: A method comprises determining a poly-gate temperature for a given device and determining channel temperatures of monitor devices. The method further includes extrapolating channel temperatures of the monitor devices to obtain a channel temperature for the given device. The difference in temperature (?T value) is determined for the given device based on the poly-gate temperature and the channel temperature.

Abstract: A safety lid is disclosed for use in combination with a drinking cup. In one embodiment, a body of integrally molded construction is provided that is shaped to fit a lip of the drinking cup. A fluid passageway traverses the body to permit a liquid in the drinking cup to be sipped therethrough. Microcomponents are embedded in the body and operably connected for measuring a temperature of the liquid and if the measured temperature is outside of a temperature range closing the fluid passageway.

Abstract: We describe detecting intaglio print on banknotes such that potentially counterfeit banknotes are identified by the absence of intaglio print or the presence of incorrect intaglio print. Intaglio print comprises ridges and grooves on a substrate where ink is applied only to the ridges. A thermal sensor is used to detect the presence of intaglio print by, for example, presenting a banknote to the thermal sensor and moving the banknote relative to that sensor. The banknote may be swiped past the sensor or vice versa. A comparison is made between the output of the thermal sensor and pre-specified information about intaglio printed regions associated with the printed item. Counterfeit detection may also be carried out for passports, postage stamps and other intaglio printed items.

Abstract: An electronic thermometer is configured for selectable predictive modes based upon the same predictive algorithm. A mode selector is adapted for user selection between several modes of operation of the thermometer. Each mode of operation utilizes the same predictive algorithm for estimating the temperature of the subject before the thermometer reaches full equilibrium. Different modes offer users a selection for striking the appropriate balance between response time and precision, based upon user preferences and needs.

Abstract: An electronic thermometer is configured for ease and accuracy in construction. A probe of the thermometer includes a flex circuit containing electronic components used to measure temperature and transmit signals to a calculating unit of the thermometer. A locating member supported by the probe can function to pre-position the flex circuit prior to final fixation so that the electronic components are reliably positioned in manufacture.

Abstract: For some embodiments, skin temperature of a computer system may be determined by using a network of thermistors and conductors. A thermistor may be positioned at an intersection of two conductors. Current may be supplied to a first conductor. Voltage may be measured at a second conductor. Resistance information associated with the thermistor may be determined. Skin temperature may be determined from the resistance information.

Abstract: An electronic thermometer includes an automatic activating system for automatically configuring the thermometer between an active state (broadly, the thermometer is turned on) and a non-active state (broadly, the thermometer is turned off). In general the activating system includes a solid-state activating sensor, such as a Hall-effect sensor, in a housing of the thermometer and a magnet in a probe of the thermometer for activating the sensor when the probe is received in a probe well.

Abstract: A thermometer for measuring body temperature in two different regions of a patient's body is provided. The thermometer includes a body and a probe fastened to the body. The probe has a tip portion disposed away from the body, and a temperature sensor is disposed on the tip of the probe. A supporting arm is pivotably attached to the body so that it can pivot between a closed position and an open position. In the closed position, the arm nests with the body so that the probe may be used to measure oral or rectal temperature. In the open position, the arm is positioned away from the body to provide a retaining surface for positioning the probe to measure axillary temperature.

Abstract: According to the present invention, there is provided a transmission circuit transmitting a power signal using frequency hopping system from an antenna connected to the transmission circuit through a transmission path, the transmission circuit including: a controller outputting an amplitude set value for each hopping frequency of the power signal before being transmitted according to power level of the power signal at the antenna; a pre-driver controlling the amplitude of the power signal before being transmitted for each hopping frequency according to the amplitude set value; and a power amplifier outputting the power signal to the transmission path according to the signal output from the pre-driver.

Abstract: A method for detecting the presence of a transmission signal in a wireless spectrum channel. The frequency of a signal is converted from a first frequency to a second frequency. The signal with the second frequency is filtered to remove signals that are not within the band of the second frequency. An averaged periodogram of the signal is calculated. A value of the averaged periodogram is compared to a threshold. The presence of the transmission signal is detected, if the value of the averaged periodogram exceeds the threshold.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are disclosed for achieving receiver diversity. A wireless unit includes a plurality of antennas, an antenna selector to select one or more antennas from the plurality of antennas, a processor with input data from an inertial sensor for monitoring the orientation of the wireless unit. Based on the input data, the processor commands the antenna selector to select one or more antennas. In one aspect, the processor is a diversity processor. Based on the input data from the inertial sensor, the diversity processor computes the combination of the received signals. In another aspect, the wireless unit further includes a baseband processor to process the output of the diversity processor for a particular unit application.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing frequency analysis of sub-epoch correlations to estimate an unknown frequency of a received signal is provided. The method includes forming a sequence of correlation values from a plurality of correlations performed over a period less than a repeating period of a code, and analyzing the sequence of correlation values to estimate the frequency that is used to receive a signal comprising the code.

Abstract: MIMO transceiver with a reconfigurable pooled digital filter is disclosed. A processor sets parameters of the filter to minimize the number of instructions per second and the amount of power required by the filter to perform, while matching the filter to at least one of: a transmitter filter and a receiver filter. The processor uses an algorithm or a lookup table stored in memory to select the combination of filter parameters. The parameters may be selected from at least one of: a number of taps, a filter length, a word length, a coefficient quantization, a sampling rate, bits per sample, a sampling bit, a tap delay and a coefficient length. After selecting a combination of filter parameters, the processor sends a control signal to the adaptive filter. The pooled adaptive filter reconfigures itself in accordance with the selected filter parameters.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods and a high speed communication device that allow one of a plurality of high speed communication devices connected to a transmission line having a normal impedance to effectively receive data. The high speed communication device can include a transmission line interface connected to the transmission line, a receiver connected to the transmission line interface, and a transmitter selectively coupled to the transmission line interface. The transmitter can have an impedance substantially equal to the normal line impedance. The high speed communication device can present a high impedance to the transmission line with respect to the normal line impedance when the transmitter is not coupled to the transmission line interface, and the high speed communication device can present an impedance to the transmission line that is substantially equal to the normal line impedance when the transmitter is coupled to the transmission line interface.

Abstract: One embodiment relates to a method for transitioning from an initial data rate utilizing an initial transmission variable to a new data rate in a multi-carrier communication system. In the method, a first function or a second function is selected to calculate a modified transmission variable, wherein the first function or second function is selected as a function of relative priorities of first and second communication parameters. The new data rate is implemented by modification of transmission variable. Other methods and systems are also disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus, system, and method are provided for communicating to, from and between multi compartmental vehicles. A communications system for a multi compartment vehicle may include a plurality of communications networks, at least one for each compartment of the vehicle, such that each communications network includes a power line communications modem; and at least one electric cable connecting two or more compartments, to enable data to be communicated via the electric cable between the compartments.

Abstract: A system and method is herein provided to implement advanced power line communication services. The system may include, for example, a power line modem fitted with BPL core hardware components and BPL core software components, the modem further fitted with a plurality of application specific APIs; and a network management software (NMS) unit adapted to remotely manage the application modules in the power line modem.

Abstract: A system and method of detecting the location and magnitude of multi-path echoes in a channel impulse response by going through the channel impulse magnitude response only once and detecting all the multi-path echoes, both location and magnitude, according to certain threshold criteria. The impulse magnitude response samples are processed on-the-fly (on demand) and do not require the storage of the entire channel impulse magnitude response which makes it ideal for ASIC implementation.

Abstract: A data receiving device, for receiving digital data via a differential signal transmission path made up of two or more channels including one channel of a reference clock, includes a digital data receiver configured to receive various data channel signals transmitted from the transmitter side to the differential signal transmission path, a reference clock receiver configured to receive a reference clock transmitted from the transmitter side to the differential signal transmission path, and a transmission loss rate determining unit configured to determine between degree of magnitudes of transmission loss with the reference clock, based on waveform deterioration resulting from the reference clock receiving at the reference clock receiving unit having passed through the differential signal transmission path.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for compensating a received signal level transmitted from a mobile terminal to a network through a measurement report message are provided. A received signal level compensation method for a mobile station includes measuring a received signal level of a multiframe; detecting an error of the received signal level; compensating, if an error of the received signal level is detected, the received signal level; and transmitting the compensated received signal level to the network.

Abstract: Receiving a transmission line estimation sequence, a wireless communication apparatus generates a transmission line characteristic estimation value for each of a plurality of sub-carriers and smoothes the transmission line characteristic estimation value of a target sub-carrier to be processed and the transmission line characteristic estimation value of its adjacent sub-carrier. The apparatus includes a determination unit for determining whether or not the adjacent sub-carrier, is a null sub-carrier and a smoothing unit for smoothing the transmission line characteristic estimation value of the target sub-carrier by excluding the transmission line characteristic estimation value of the adjacent sub-carrier determined as a null carrier by the determination unit.