Abstract: A lens drive apparatus for use in an optical pick-up apparatus, in which a bending mirror reflects an incident light flux from a light source and an objective lens converges the reflected light flux onto an optical disc through an objective lens, the lens drive apparatus includes: a base; a holder which holds the objective lens, being capable of moving with respect to the base; a pair of coils provided to interpose the objective lens held by the holder; and a pair of magnets attached to the base to face the pair of coils, respectively. The holder includes at least one surface which faces the incident light flux from the light source, among surfaces opposing to the pair of magnets, is shifted inwardly with respect to a surface of the holder that is close to the objective lens.

Abstract: A layer-jumping control device and method for an optical disc device includes a calculator, a controller, and a driver. The calculator is configured to receive an error-focusing signal, and to determine a peak and a trough of the error-focusing signal. The controller, coupled to the calculator, is configured to process the error-focusing signal to generate a control-focusing signal. The driver, coupled to the controller, is configured to convert the control-focusing signal to a control-driving signal. The device further includes a counter coupled to the calculator, and enables the layer jump when the counter reaches a predetermined value.

Abstract: Detection of a wobble cycle of wobble formed at a groove of an optical disc is started. A phase locked loop time that is from reset of phase locked loop circuit until a signal read from the wobble locks is calculated. The focus balance value corresponding to the minimum phase locked loop lock time is set as the focus balance value for ADdress In Pre-groove. When ADdress In Pre-groove information being address information is read, focusing servo control is performed with the focus balance value for ADdress In Pre-groove.

Abstract: An information recording medium, and a recording/reproducing apparatus and a recording/reproducing method for the recording medium. Original data is sequentially updated by replacing an original recording block with one or more replacement recording blocks. A replacement recording block includes at least one of an original address field indicating a location of the original recording block or a previous address field indicating a location of an immediately previous recording block. Replacement information is effectively recovered in a system where a replacement for logical overwriting (LOW) occurs in either a spare area and a user data area by reference to the address fields in each replacement recording block.

Abstract: An apparatus, and related method, for recording data that includes a controller to generate control information required to record a main data. The control information including at least one information unit for a specific writing speed and recording layer. The information unit includes write strategy parameters for first write strategy type to be used for the writing speed and recording layer, the first write strategy type being one of an (n?1) write strategy type and an n/2 write strategy type, where n is a length of mark and each type represents a number of write pulse to form a corresponding mark. A writing/reading unit records the control information at a specific area of a recording medium, wherein the controller controls the writing/reading unit to record the control information and to record the main data on the recording layer using write strategy parameters for the first write strategy type included in the information unit, at the specific writing speed.

Abstract: A recording medium for storing start position information for each zone, a method of managing data using the information, and an apparatus for recording the information and controlling recording and reproduction of data based on the recorded information. In a disc having a plurality of zones which form a group, and a spare area which is allocated at the start portion or the end portion of the group for replacing defects, when start logical sector numbers of each zone are changed by slipping replacement during initialization or reinitialization, the information is stored in the defect management area to thereby increase the compatibility of the medium. In particular, by the method and apparatus of managing data using information stored in a defect management area, generation of errors is prevented in reading or writing due to the change of a physical position of a real-recorded file which are caused by wrong calculation of the start logical sector numbers for each zone.

Abstract: A recording medium for storing start position information for each zone, a method of managing data using the information, and an apparatus for recording the information and controlling recording and reproduction of data based on the recorded information. In a disc having a plurality of zones which form a group, and a spare area which is allocated at the start portion or the end portion of the group for replacing defects, when start logical sector numbers of each zone are changed by slipping replacement during initialization or reinitialization, the information is stored in the defect management area to thereby increase the compatibility of the medium. In particular, by the method and apparatus of managing data using information stored in a defect management area, generation of errors is prevented in reading or writing due to the change of a physical position of a real-recorded file which are caused by wrong calculation of the start logical sector numbers for each zone.

Abstract: In a method for compensating recording power, being suitable for an optical disk apparatus, applying the WOPC therein, as a means for compensating recording power during recording operation, and also an optical disk apparatus applying the same therein, wherein the recording operation is interrupted, when a predetermined amount of data is recorded continuously, to determine the recording power for when recoding next, from the recoding condition onto the optical disk just before interruption thereof, and thereby starting the recording, with the recording power determined from that just after said interruption thereof, wherein an adjustment is made on a tilt angle of an optical pickup when the recording power, which is determined when interrupting the recording operation, exceeds a predetermined threshold value, and the recording is started just after said interruption, with the recording power onto the optical disk just before it is interrupted.

Abstract: An optical disk physical has a recording region divided into zones, each zone including physical tracks adjacent to each other. An integer number of sectors, are provided in each physical track. The angular recording density is higher in the more outward zones such that the linear recording density is substantially constant throughout the recording region, and logical tracks are formed of a predetermined number of sectors. independent of the physical tracks. The conversion between the logical track and sector addresses read from the disk and the linear logical addresses supplied from a host device is easy. The addresses written in headers of the sectors in the logical track in which data are actually recorded, including substitute sectors used in place of defect sectors, are preferably consecutive to further facilitate the conversion between the logical track and sector addresses read from the disk and the linear logical addresses supplied from the host device.

Abstract: An information processing device (225) is a device for processing specific information recorded to a recording medium (100), and has a characteristic identification unit (204) and a processing unit (226). The characteristic identification unit (204) identifies the reflection characteristic of the recording medium (100). The processing unit (226) processes the specific information recorded to the recording medium (100) according to the identified reflection characteristic. The reflection characteristic is either a first characteristic such that the reflectance of light reflected by a recorded region of the recording medium (100) (referred to as first reflectance) is greater than the reflectance of light reflected by an unrecorded region of the recording medium (100) (referred to as second reflectance), or a second characteristic such that the first reflectance is less than the second reflectance.

Abstract: An optical disk apparatus is provided that has a signal processing circuit for equalizing a signal so as to achieve predetermined equalization, in which interference between codes is permitted, by means of an adaptive equalization circuit or the like, and for performing binarization by means of a maximum likelihood decoding circuit in which interference is performed as a rule, and thereby achieves stabilized signal reproduction in a narrow-band transmission. When evaluating the quality of the recorded signal through the use of the recording parameter learning and the reproduction system such as recorded signal verification, the optical disk recording apparatus is capable of highly precisely evaluating the quality of the recorded signal by fixing a circuit characteristic after suspending the optimization operation of the adaptive equalization circuit or the like for optimizing the characteristic by the reproduced signal. An optical disk recording method is also provided.

Abstract: When the data is reproduced by irradiating a laser beam onto the optical disk, an amount-of-irradiation-beam detection signal is produced according to the amount of the laser beam irradiated onto the optical disk, and the defect on the optical disk is detected on the basis of this amount-of-irradiation-beam detection signal. In addition, when the data is reproduced by irradiating the laser beam onto the optical disk, the amount-of-irradiation-beam detection signal is produced according to the amount of the laser beam irradiated onto the optical disk, an amount-of-reflected-beam detection signal is produced in accordance with the amount of the laser beam reflected from the optical disk, and the defect on the optical disk is detected on the basis of the amount-of-irradiation-beam detection signal and the amount-of-reflected-beam detection signal. Even when the optical disk has a defect, the laser beam is continuously irradiated onto the optical disk.

Abstract: An optical disc on which data is recorded and/or from which the data is reproduced, includes a recording area where the data is recorded in at least one physical cluster, a defective area, where a defect that prevents a recording and/or reproduction of data is present, provided in the recording area, and a recording end area where information indicating an end of recording is recorded before the defective area. A method of recording data on and/or reproducing the data from a high density optical disc having a defective area, includes recording the data in a predetermined recording area having the defective area, and recording end data indicating an end of the recording before the defective area.

Abstract: A recording and/or reproducing method, a recording and/or reproducing apparatus, and an information storage medium are provided. The method of recording data to an information storage medium includes: according to a change in a method of using the information storage medium, rearranging the order of a first information structure with a variable size and a second information structure with a fixed size, both of which are included in management information of the information storage medium, so that the first information structure with the variable size can be positioned following the second information structure with the fixed size; and recording the rearranged management information on the information storage medium. According to the method and apparatus, recording management information can be found in a fixed location of a finalized information storage medium, thereby allowing the recording management information to be found easily and quickly.

Abstract: An optical information recording/reproducing apparatus includes an optical pickup unit that acquires access-restriction codes (number of reproductions, number of copies, effective period, and end date) under control of a controller. The controller determines whether it is permitted to reproduce information recorded on the RAM data-layer based on acquired access access-restriction codes (number of reproductions, number of copies, effective period, and end date). When the reproduction is permitted, the controller sends the information recorded on the RAM data-layer to a host computer.

Abstract: A method for performing blank detection on an optical storage disc includes receiving information read by an optical storage device from the optical storage disc, and checking corresponding data of the information to operate blank detection.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing a data storage medium by recording disc information on the data storage medium

Abstract: A method is provided for producing a data storage medium by recording disc information on the data storage medium.

Abstract: An optical disc on which data is recorded and/or from which the data is reproduced, includes a recording area where the data is recorded in at least one physical cluster, a defective area, where a defect that prevents a recording and/or reproduction of data is present, provided in the recording area, and a recording end area where information indicating an end of recording is recorded before the defective area. A method of recording data on and/or reproducing the data from a high density optical disc having a defective area, includes recording the data in a predetermined recording area having the defective area, and recording end data indicating an end of the recording before the defective area.

Abstract: An information storage medium has user data areas and additional data areas, and sync patterns to distinguish the additional data areas from the user data areas. The information storage medium includes a user data area in which user data is recorded and an additional data area located in at least one of areas before and after the user data area. Second sync patterns used in the additional data area are different from first sync patterns used in the user data area.

Abstract: Embodiments of present invention help to realize a highly reliable magnetic disk drive by preventing a positional displacement between a magnetic head and a target track by decreasing restricting forces that a cover exerts on a base when the temperature is increased. According to one embodiment, a base is formed by aluminum die casting, has a concave, rectangular parallelepiped shape, and is formed with step portions at the four corners. A cover is a flat plate of stainless steel or iron. Four corner portions of the cover are bent to form step portions. The cover is fixed to the base at the four corners with bolts at two side positions (six positions in total). A gasket is inserted at that time to enhance the sealing performance.

Abstract: A system for protecting data within a portable storage device. A self-destruct unit associated with the portable storage device is enabled. If the portable storage device is not within a pre-specified route tolerance or if the portable storage device is not at a pre-selected identification checkpoint, an alert message is sent. In response to receiving a particular response, a self-destruct signal is sent to the enabled self-destruct unit. Then the enabled self-destruct unit creates an electromagnetic pulse from a xenon flash tube to render confidential data within the portable storage device unusable.

Abstract: There is provided an inexpensive optical pickup device that is capable of accurately detecting light quantities of output laser beams on occasion of at least either of reproduction and recording on an information recording medium. A beam from a first light source 1 which beam does not pass through a wavelength selection film 6 of a light separation element 7 is reflected by a first reflection film 10 in a direction to an optical monitor 5. A beam from a second light source 2 which beam does not pass through the wavelength selection film 6 of the light separation element 7 is reflected by a second reflection film 11 in a direction to the optical monitor 5.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a beam shifting element and to an apparatus for reading from and/or writing to optical storage media using in such a beam shifting element. According to the invention, the beam shifting element has at least a first optical element for deflecting an incoming light beam by a first angle and a second optical element for deflecting the light beam coming from the first optical element by a second angle opposite to the first angle, wherein the first optical element and the second optical element are optical elements with an adjustable deflection angle.

Abstract: The invention presents an optical element with which an optical head can be configured, in which there is little deterioration of the correctional effect when the objective lens shifts, as well as an optical head and an optical recording/reproducing apparatus using such an optical element. The invention also presents a novel optical recording/reproducing apparatus and optical recording/reproducing method. The optical element, includes a first voltage application electrode 13, a first opposing electrode 17 arranged in opposition to the first voltage application electrode 13, and a first phase changing layer 15 arranged between the first voltage application electrode 13 and the first opposing electrode 17. By changing a voltage between the first voltage application electrode 13 and the first opposing electrode 17, a phase that converts plane waves into spherical waves is imparted on light that is incident on the first phase changing layer 15.

Abstract: The present invention provides a two-dimensional encoded optical storage medium (12) comprising at least one alignment pattern (14) for aligning a spot array (16) intended to read out the optical storage medium (12). Furthermore, the present invention is directed to a method and a device for reading out a two-dimensional encoded optical storage medium (12) having at least one alignment pattern (14) comprising a plurality of bit rows (R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8), wherein at least one bit row (R2, R3, R4, R6, R7, R8) of said alignment pattern (14) is empty.

Abstract: A read-and-write assembly is described. The read-and-write assembly includes one or more coils and magnetizable pillars. The magnetizable pillar has a flask shape and a neck wrapped in the coil.

Abstract: In order to prevent oil leakage in a hydrodynamic bearing device comprising an opening section in close proximity to a radial bearing and a lubricating fluid reservoir, a shaft 10, thrust flange 16, sleeve 11, seal plate 21, and stopper plate 20 are provided, a radial dynamic pressure bearing is formed in a radial clearance between the shaft 10 and sleeve 11, and a thrust dynamic pressure bearing is formed in a thrust direction clearance between the sleeve 11 and thrust flange 16. A connecting hole 11d is formed that connects a gap between the sleeve 11 and seal plate 21 and a thrust direction gap between the sleeve 11 and thrust flange 16. The relationship A<B<C is satisfied, where A is a radial clearance, B is a clearance between an outer peripheral surface of the shaft 10 and an inner peripheral surface of the seal plate 21, and C is a clearance between a lower surface of the seal plate 21 and an upper end face of the sleeve 11.

Abstract: An information recording medium is at least composed of a substrate having a microscopic pattern constituted by a continuous substrate of grooves formed with a groove portion and a land portion alternately, a recording layer formed on the microscopic pattern for recording information, and a light transmitting layer formed on the recording layer. The microscopic pattern is formed with satisfying a relation of P??/NA, wherein P is a pitch of the land portion or the groove portion, ? is a wavelength of reproducing light for reproducing the recording layer, and NA is a numerical aperture of an objective lens. The land portion is formed with wobbling so as to be parallel with each other for both sidewalls of the land portion. An auxiliary information based on data used supplementally when recording the information and a reference clock based on a clock used for controlling a recording speed when recording the information is recorded alternately.

Abstract: A system and method for synchronous spectrum sharing for use in a wireless communication system based on orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) or orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) signaling is disclosed. The system includes a frame detector configured to detect a frame of a broadcast waveform and extract sub-carrier information from the frame. Sub-carrier information may include information on usable sub-carrier and pilot sub-carriers for secondary users. The system allows transmitting data from the secondary user node in unused sub-carriers thereby making efficient use of unused or idle spectrum. Accordingly, secondary users of wireless communication systems can dynamically form ad-hoc mesh network communications in fixed or mobile scenarios.

Abstract: The invention provides precise estimation of a channel response and correct demodulation of an information signal even in the circumstance of being likely suffering interference. The invention includes an error correcting code unit 1, an S/P converting unit 2, a mapping unit 3, an IDFT (Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform) unit (IFFT: Inverse Fast Fourier Transform can be used) 4, a P/S converting unit 5, a GI (Guard Interval) inserting unit 6, preamble (A, B0, B1) storage selecting units 11-a and 11-b, switch units 12-a and 12-b, D/A converting units 13-a and 13-b, radio units 14-a and 14-b and antenna units 15-a and 15-b.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving a digital signal using an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) communication system are provided. In this method, subcarriers are split into a plurality of subcarrier groups according to available frequency bandwidths and are respectively transmitted in a transmitting portion and the subcarrier groups are combined and are restored to the original signal in a receiving portion. Therefore, wireless resources may be used efficiently by combining with cognitive radio technology.

Abstract: In one embodiment, detecting a failure mode of a first communication link on a first port, selecting a second communication link on a second port associated with the first port, and transmitting a profile information associated with the second port are provided.

Abstract: A method, protection overlay and system in which different service streams are distributed via a plurality of links, comprising logically separating the service streams according to service type profile; allocating resources for working and backup capacity according to the service type profile; and defining a link aggregation group (LAG) including at least one worker link for carrying high priority service streams and at least one backup link for carrying low priority service streams; whereby in response to worker link failure, at least higher priority service streams are transitioned from a failed worker link to a backup link.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus provide for: receiving tokens from a plurality of resources, where the tokens are exchange media for permitting a plurality of requesters to access an associated one of the resources for a period of time; allocating the tokens to respective requester groups into which the plurality of requesters have been assigned; receiving requests for one or more of the tokens from one or more of the requesters and granting, from the allocated tokens, one or more of the tokens to the requesters based on token granting criteria; and re-distributing unused tokens from one or more requester groups to one or more other requester groups based on priorities assigned to the requester groups; and dynamically altering the priorities assigned to the requester groups when a number of unused tokens of one or more of the requester groups has fallen below a threshold.

Abstract: Method, system and program product are provided for packet flow control for a switching node of a data transfer network. The method includes actively managing space allocations in a central queue of a switching node allotted to the ports of the switching node based on the amount of unused space currently available in the central queue and an amount of currently-vacant storage space in a storage device of a port. In a further aspect, the method includes separately tracking unallocated space and vacated allocated space, which had been used to buffer packets received by the ports but were vacated since a previous management update due to a packet being removed from the central queue. Each port is offered vacated space that is currently allocated to that port and a quantity of the currently unallocated space in the central queue to distribute to one or more virtual lanes of the port.

Abstract: Video data from an upload client is received at a hosting node. A request from a download client is received at a bootstrapping node to receive the video data. The download client to receive the video data directly from the hosting node when the hosting node is below a threshold, wherein the threshold is based at least in part on the maximum number of download clients the hosting node can stream to simultaneously. The download client to receive the video data from peers in a peer-to-peer overlay when the hosting node above the threshold.

Abstract: Methods and systems for preemption in a network having a core device with at least one egress interface are disclosed. In one embodiment, the method includes performing flow-based hash utilizing a plurality of hash-buckets each set to a first state or a second state and computing a load based on a rate measurement that excludes flows which hash into hash-buckets having a state set to the second state. The computed load is compared to a preemption threshold and if the computed load exceeds the preemption threshold, the state of at least one of the hash-buckets is changed from the first state to the second state. An action, such as dropping all packets or marking all packets, is performed on flows hashing in a hash-bucket in the second state.

Abstract: A scheduler scheduling items to be transmitted by a subscriber station in a wireless network in accordance with bandwidth assigned to the items by a base station in the network. The items to be transmitted by the subscriber station are placed in a queue. The queue has a first section into which items for which a request for bandwidth assignment has been made to the base station are placed, and a second section into which items for which a request for bandwidth assignment has not yet been made to the base station are placed. The scheduler schedules the items in the queue for transmission by the subscriber station in accordance with which section of the queue the items reside.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus, including computer program products, for traffic shaping and scheduling in a network. A computer-implemented method includes receiving a data packet Ln from a network at a rate RN, metering and coloring the packet Ln using two-rate three coloring marking (trTCM), labeling and enqueuing the packet Ln to a scheduler's queue, enqueuing the packet Ln in a deferral queue if the packet Ln is non-conformant and head-of-line (HOL), to delay the packet Ln an amount of time to become conformant, up-dating the conformity parameters upon dequeuing of the packet Ln using its label, determining the conformance of the next HOL packet Ln+1 using its label and the conformity parameters and, if packet Ln+1 is non-conformant, enqueuing the packet Ln+1 in a deferral queue to delay its scheduling an amount of time to become conformant.

Abstract: A traffic shaper having a management information collecting unit which collects management information stored in a specific device outside of the traffic shaper and sets a bandwidth control condition based on the management information, and a traffic control unit which controls a bandwidth based on the bandwidth control condition. The traffic shaper is connected between an external network and a relay apparatus connecting a plurality of access endpoints whose bandwidth to the external network are to be controlled by the traffic shaper. The management information collecting unit regularly collects the management information to automatically reflect updated management information in the specific device outside of the traffic shaper.

Abstract: The invention includes a method and apparatus for policing a home network having a plurality of terminals. At a gateway between the home network and an access network, a method includes monitoring bandwidth usage associated with intra-network traffic, determining bandwidth requirements associated with inter-network traffic, and, in response to a determination that the bandwidth usage prevents satisfaction of one of the bandwidth requirements, transmitting data adapted to reduce intra-network traffic.

Abstract: In order to apply and incorporate Drum-Buffer-Rope (DBR) concepts into a service enterprise environment, the present invention provides a method, system and computer-readable medium that expands DBR through the use of simulation of service activities. In a preferred embodiment, the inventive method includes the steps of: creating a DBR for Services (DBRS) model of a service process; simulating the service process by populating the DBRS model with user-selected values for a constraint drum, a pre-constraint buffer, a service level rope, and a constraint rope, and determining if the service process will be in compliance with a Service Level Agreement (SLA) based on a DBRS simulation of the service process.

Abstract: A method for rejecting a request to alter a connection includes establishing a first connection with a first node and a second connection with a second node. The second connection passes through the first node and has an associated first end-to-end state. The method also includes transmitting, for relay by the first node to the second node, a first request to alter the second connection with the second node so that the second connection will have an associated second end-to-end state. The method additionally includes receiving a rejection message from the first node indicating that the first request to alter the second connection failed. The method further includes transmitting a second request to alter the second connection with the second node to ensure that the second connection is again in the associated first end-to-end state.

Abstract: A method for communication between first and second nodes via a communication network includes assigning multiple communication ports in two or more network nodes between the first and second nodes to serve as member ports of a multi-homing group (MHG). Each of the member ports is associated with a different, respective communication path between the first and second nodes via the communication network. A frame transmitted from the first node to the second node is accepted at the two or more network nodes. The frame has a header including header fields. A single port is selected from among the member ports by applying a hashing function to one or more of the header fields at each of the two or more network nodes. The frame is forwarded via the selected port over the respective communication path that is associated with the selected port.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method a system and a network device for exception handling of multicast service, including: determining that the multicast bandwidth limitation of the port is exceeded or the number limitation of the multicast groups the port joins is exceeded, upon receiving a multicast join request from a port; finding out a multicast group which has no members on the port; stopping forwarding traffic of the multicast group to the port. In the present invention, problems, such as packet losing, failing to change channels, line bandwidth waste, home network bandwidth waste, due to the losing of an IGMP Leave message in applications such as the IPTV, may be solved.

Abstract: Methods and devices are shown for improving an existing route between a first node and a second node in a first ad-hoc network that includes a plurality of nodes, the method and devices selecting based on a predetermined performance criterion or criteria one of a plurality of candidate routes between the first node and the second node, wherein each candidate route includes at least one inter-node link that is not included within the first ad-hoc network and at least one candidate route including multiple inter-node links; initializing, via the existing route, the use of the inter-node links of the selected candidate route; and switching from using the existing route to using the candidate route.

Abstract: An apparatus and methods are disclosed that enable load-balancing of routes in ad-hoc wireless networks. In accordance with the illustrative embodiment, when a candidate intermediate node receives a routing-protocol message, the node waits before it transmits a message in response to the received message, where the amount of time that the node waits is based on the value of a load metric at the node and is independent of any other nodes in the network. As a result, a node that has a larger load will wait longer to transmit its routing-protocol message, and consequently, it is less likely that this node will be selected for inclusion in the new route. The techniques of the illustrative embodiment are applicable to both proactive and on-demand routing protocols, and are also applicable to other kinds of networks.

Abstract: A method for performing alternate and therefore least cost routing in distributed H.323 Voice over IP (VoIP) networks is provided. With this method, the VoIP network consists of a hierarchy of gatekeeper (GK) functions to provide alternate routing, network element redundancy, and scalability. The alternate routing function is performed by a directory gatekeeper with route selection advancing from a first route to a second route by either of two conditions: (1) there are no resources available to terminate the call in the first zone; and (2) a lack of response to the directory GK request for such resources.

Abstract: A method of simulating a telecommunications network may include providing a database including status information for a plurality of virtual network elements. More particularly, the status information for each of the plurality of virtual network elements may include a respective network element identifier. A communication including a received network element identifier may be received. If the received network element identifier does not correspond to a network element identifier included in the database, status information for a new virtual network element may be added to the database and the status information for the new virtual network element may include the received network element identifier. After adding the status information for the new virtual network element, a communication regarding the new virtual network element may be transmitted. Related systems and computer program products are also discussed.