Abstract: The congestion in a network can be avoided by effectively utilizing a prepared network band even in a network where reception intervals of acknowledgments are not correct. According to the information about Ack or Sack (selective acknowledgment) received in a time of the minimum value of an RTT (rtt_min), the number of bytes of received segments (rcv_bytes) for which a receiving side acknowledges the reception is counted, and a received byte number setting unit 16 sets a congestion window (CWND) or a slow start threshold (SSTHRESH) when a packet loss occurs according to the number of bytes of received segments (rcv_bytes) counted by a received byte number counting unit 14 when a packet loss is detected by a loss detection unit 15.

Abstract: A capacity aware system that facilitates activation of a new service in a dynamic network is provided. The system calculates the available capacity of the network, at a given time, and determines if sufficient capacity is available for new service activation as per the SLA (Service Level Agreement) requirements. If SLA conditions are satisfied, the system can active a new service and update the network capacity, else, if the conditions are not satisfied the system can provide means to extend network capacity or reject the service. Thus, the system activates a new service only if the specified bandwidth is available and ensures that the SLA being promised to a customer is met.

Abstract: A method for managing packet traffic in a data processing network includes collecting data indicative of the amount of packet traffic traversing each of the links in the network's interconnect. The collected data includes source and destination information indicative of the source and destination of corresponding packets. A heavily used links are then identified from the collected data. Packet data associated with the heavily used link is then analyzed to identify a packet source and packet destination combination that is a significant contributor to the packet traffic on the heavily used link. In response, a process associated with the identified packet source and packet destination combination is migrated, such as to another node of the network, to reduce the traffic on the heavily used link. In one embodiment, an agent installed on each interconnect switch collects the packet data for interconnect links connected to the switch.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for controlling latency variation of packets received in a packet transfer network are provided. A plurality of packets is received at a network element of a receive node of the packet transfer network. A time-stamp is provided for each of the plurality of packets. An egress delay time is computed at a scheduler of the network element for each of the plurality of packets in accordance with each corresponding time-stamp to provide a substantially constant latency for the plurality of packets upon egression from the network element.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for efficient routing in communication networks. In an aspect, a method is provided for traffic routing between first and second nodes in a communication network. The method includes detecting traffic transmitted between the first and second nodes, transmitting a request to a mobility agent associated with the first node to request authorization for a route optimization between the first and second nodes, receiving a response that authorizes the route optimization, and establishing an optimized route. In an aspect, an apparatus includes detector logic for detecting traffic transmitted between the first and second nodes, transmitting logic for transmitting a request to a mobility agent associated with the first node to request authorization for a route optimization between the first and second nodes, receiving logic for receiving a response that authorizes the route optimization, and connection logic for establishing an optimized route.

Abstract: A network comprising a destination node, and a plurality of source nodes configured to transmit high-priority data and low-priority data to the destination node, wherein the source nodes correlate the transmission of the high-priority data to the destination node such that the high-priority data from each source node does not substantially contend with the high-priority data from the other source nodes upon arrival at the destination node. Also disclosed is a network component comprising at least one processor configured to implement a method comprising creating a periodic time window, partitioning the time window into low-priority time-bands and high-priority time-bands, placing a plurality of high-priority packets in the high-priority time-bands, and placing a plurality of low-priority packets in the low-priority time-bands.

Abstract: A system is for transmitting data in a network and includes emitter nodes, each including a transmitter for transmitting requests for data transmission. The system may also include a receiver node receiving the data transmission from the emitter nodes and including a first memory for storing data transmitted by each emitter node, a second memory for storing the requests, and a transmitter. The data may be transmitted from the emitter nodes to the receiver node when memory space is available in the first memory to receive data. The transmitter of the receiver node may transmit to each emitter node an acknowledgement message when memory space is available in the first memory to receive at least a portion of the data transmitted. Each emitter node may establish a communication link with the receiver node and transmits the data based upon the acknowledgement message. The communication link may be locked until all data is transmitted.

Abstract: Disclosed is a Quality of Service (QoS) control mechanism for QoS-aware network applications running on computer devices. The mechanism provides IP socket-based QoS Application Program Interfaces (APIs) for QoS-aware applications for accessing MAC layer QoS function of network access devices. In various embodiments, the QoS mechanism utilizes QoS API over Socket (QAoS) handler and/or a MAC layer QAoS handler wrapper at the network access device to control and monitor the QoS data being transmitted by the application over the active network interface(s).

Abstract: A method of providing QoS for a flow associated with a client application in a network, and a QoS manager to execute this method. The network comprises said QoS manager, a QoS policy holder, one or more QoS devices, and a control point associated with the client application. Moreover, the network supports a Universal Plug and Play QoS service. The QoS manager calculates a topology of the network on flow setup and requests traffic policy data from the QoS policy holder. The QoS manager submits traffic descriptor data based on said traffic policy data to the one or more QoS devices for configurating said QoS devices for handling the flow. The QoS manager subscribes to events of the one or more QoS devices. The control point subscribes to events of the QoS manager. On detection of a QoS device event by the QoS manager, the topology of the network is re-calculates by the QoS manager for determining a topology change. The QoS manager checks whether the topology change affects the flow.

Abstract: Service nodes in a service overlay network are selected to provide a service path for a requested service by determining a reduced search space of service nodes in the service overlay network that are operable to provide service components for the requested service. From the reduced search space of service nodes, service nodes are selected to form a service path that satisfies all quality of service constraints for the service.

Abstract: A networking system is provided. The networking system may include a diagnostic module. The diagnostic module may include one or more statistics modules. The diagnostic module may include a routing module configured to route messages to the statistics modules. The messages may be derived from network messages from an aggregated link.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a portable Internet analyzer (PIA) having a handover test function. The portable Internet analyzer includes a transmission unit, a reception unit, a switching unit, and a central control unit. The transmission unit encodes the various DownLink signals of a serving and/or target Base Station (stBS) using a preamble index, synthesizes the encoded signals, and sends the synthesized signals to a Portable Subscriber Station (PSS). The reception unit receives various UpLink (UL) signals from the PSS, and decodes the UL signals using the cell Parameters of the stBS. The switching unit selectively switches the transmission unit and the reception unit to the PSS. The central control unit generates various Media Access Control (MAC) messages to be sent to the PSS through the transmission unit in association with the handover test, analyzes handover test-related MAC messages received through the reception unit, and controls switching operation of the switching unit.

Abstract: An apparatus for testing, measuring, and monitoring operation of a set of pieces of equipment, the apparatus comprises a topology network piggybacked on the set of pieces of equipment; and a controller, coupled to the topology network for communication over the network.

Abstract: In a method for notifying a first network unit of an interruption in a transmission of data of a service on part of at least one second network unit over a communications network, at least one signaling message, which contains at least one parameter concerning a notification during an interruption in the transmission of data of a service on the part of the at least one second network unit, is transmitted by the first network unit to at least one third network unit. In the event of an interruption in the transmission of data of a service on the part of the at least one second network unit, at least one notification message is sent to the first network unit by the at least one third network unit according to the at least one parameter.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed to enable packet telephony performance testing. An example method disclosed herein includes receiving a request to execute a test, and obtaining a testing rule associated with the requested test, the testing rule including a test parameter threshold. The example method also includes determining a compliance status between the test parameter threshold and the request to execute the test, and allowing or denying execution of the test based on the compliance status.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of a method of a wireless mesh network proposing access nodes for conversion to gateways is disclosed. The method includes each access node of the wireless mesh network measuring wireless mesh network metrics. A server connected to the wireless mesh network obtains the network metrics, and calculates a desirability of conversion of at least one access node to a gateway based upon the network metrics. An apparatus and method of a server of a wireless mesh network calculating which access nodes of the wireless mesh network should be converted to gateways is also disclosed. The method includes the server receiving wireless mesh network metrics from the access nodes, and calculating which of the access nodes should be converted based upon the network metrics.

Abstract: In a bandwidth measuring method and device for grasping a traffic general and local trends in consideration of a packet loss, without continuously capturing packets, a simulation is executed by determining a bandwidth limit based on a buffer length, a transmission bandwidth, and a mean packet length collected in an adjoining node or its own node and information of a preset allowable packet loss rate, and by determining an initial value of a transient evaluation type queue simulation for a packet loss rate. An optimum short time interval when the packet loss rate by the simulation approaches the allowable packet loss rate is determined as a packet continuous capture time. Furthermore, packets are continuously captured in the short time interval, and a mean bandwidth of the packets is calculated, so that a general mean bandwidth, or an upper bandwidth or a peak bandwidth is determined from an overall mean bandwidth by repeating the continuous capturing at random within a fixed section.

Abstract: Device and method for calculating distance in a communication network (100) using Time-To-Live (TTL) values. Device A sets (202) a non-predictable initial TTL value (TTL_S) and sends a message (204) with this TTL value to device B. The TLL value should be at least as high as the TTL ceiling and lower or equal to the maximum TTL value (normally 255). Device B reads (206) the TTL value (TTL_R) of the received message. Device A and device B establish (208, 210) a Secure Authenticated Channel (SAC) (212) over which device B sends (214) the TTL value of the received message (TTL_R). Device A may then calculate (216) the distance to device B. If TTL_R>TTL_S, this indicates an error or an attack; if TTL_R<TTL_S?TTL_C, then device B is too distant; and if TTL_S?TTL_C?TTL_R?TTL_S, then device A may conclude that device B a priori is within the required distance.

Abstract: A method for controlling discontinuous reception in a wireless transmit/receive unit includes defining a plurality of DRX levels, wherein each DRX level includes a respective DRX cycle length and transitioning between DRX levels based on a set of criteria. The transitioning may be triggered by implicit rules.

Abstract: In at least some embodiments, a wireless communication system includes a transmitter that transmits a signal over a communication channel. The system also includes a receiver that receives the signal as an output of the communication channel. The receiver selects a first element of a lattice and calculates a Mean-Squared Error (MSE) value for a second element of the lattice based on a difference between the second element and the first element.

Abstract: A network diagnostic system may include a network diagnostic module. The network diagnostic module may be configured to generate one or more network diagnostic statistics. The network diagnostic module may be configured to automatically handle multiple data transmission rates.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a system comprises a plurality of nodes. Each node comprises a transceiver to communicate with at least one of the other nodes over a communication medium. Each node has an associated logical, repeating time period, where each time period comprises a first portion in which the respective node is in a listen mode in which the respective node listens on the communication medium and a second portion in which the respective node is an inactive mode in which the respective node is operated in a low-power mode. When a sending node included in the plurality of nodes intends to transmit data via the communication medium to a destination node included in the plurality of nodes, the sending node attempts to transmit the data to the destination node via the communication medium when the destination node is in the listen mode.

Abstract: A system that enables automatic version provisioning in heterogeneous application oriented network (AON) architectures is provided. Generally, the specification enables appropriate version configurations to be selected at runtime as needed in an AON environment. More particularly, the subject specification describes the ability of a device (e.g., AON node) to perform and/or select a self-configuration operation based upon the environment and the runtime operation. To facilitate message-based runtime instantiation of the appropriate configuration, the system enables network applicable configurations to be pushed to each of the nodes in the AON architecture.

Abstract: CAMMS is a system of hardware and software to enable emergency responders to exchange information and communicate with each other in crisis-response situations. CAMMS creates a “Mesh” network on an ad-hoc basis, without user intervention, and allows all users on the mesh to engage in audio-video conferencing, telephone calls, exchange text messages, computer files of any type including images, movies and documents, as well as to discover and view IP Video Camera feeds, and to provide gateways to other networks and whiteboard conferencing. CAMMS is designed around industry standards for increased interoperability with other systems, and is configured to allow non-technical emergency response personnel to utilize all of its features.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes, in each of a plurality of mesh access points, connecting to one of a plurality of mesh controllers in a mesh network and passing connection information to the one mesh controller. The mesh access points include a wired mesh access point having a wired connection to the one mesh controller, and wireless mesh access points having a wireless connection to the one mesh controller via the wired mesh access point. The method also includes generating, in each mesh controller, a corresponding link state table based on the passed connection information from each corresponding connected mesh access point. The method also includes generating in at least one of the mesh controllers a mesh table, identifying all of the connecting links for the mesh access points connected among the mesh controllers, based on the mesh controllers sharing the respective link state tables.

Abstract: A method for monitoring a network includes: identifying a plurality of groups of devices in a network, wherein each of the plurality of groups of devices is a set of related devices; sampling a status of a group of nodes in each of the plurality of groups of devices, wherein each of the plurality of groups of devices has a plurality of groups of nodes; and determining a status of the network based on the sampled status of the group of nodes in each of the plurality of groups of devices.

Abstract: Distances are determined between an identified node and landmark nodes and milestone nodes in a network. The closest milestone or landmark node associated with a shortest of the measured distances is determined. A corresponding distributed hash table (DHT) overlay node is queried for distances between observed nearest nodes for the closest milestone or landmark node and the identified node. Distances between the identified node and the observed nearest nodes are calculated from distances received from the DHT overlay node and the measured distance to the closest milestone or landmark node. K-closest nodes from the identified node are selected from at least one of the closest milestone or landmark node and one or more of the observed nearest nodes based on the calculated distances.

Abstract: A topology design information generator which, based on design information storing setting information, which is set in each communication instrument in order to enable the communication, on a layer-by-layer basis, generates layer-by-layer topology design information of the network. A topology information generator which collects the layer-by-layer setting information actually set in each communication instrument and, based on the collected setting information, generates layer-by-layer topology information of the actually constructed network. And a topology information comparator which compares the topology design information generated by the topology design information generator, and the topology information generated by the topology information generator, on the layer-by-layer basis.

Abstract: A system and method for a media processor separates the functions of topology creation and maintenance from the functions of processing data through a topology. The system includes a control layer including a topology generating element to generate a topology describing a set of input multimedia streams, one or more sources for the input multimedia streams, a sequence of operations to perform on the multimedia data, and a set of output multimedia streams, and a media processor to govern the passing of the multimedia data as described in the topology and govern the performance of the sequence of multimedia operations on the multimedia data to create the set of output multimedia streams. The core layer includes the input media streams, the sources for the input multimedia streams, one or more transforms to operate on the multimedia data, stream sinks, and media sinks to provide the set of output multimedia streams.

Abstract: A system and method of distributing a Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP) configuration to at least one Ethernet switch. The method comprises assigning an Ethernet switch as a server switch. Based upon a configurable operation mode of the server switch and a configurable operational mode of at least one Ethernet switch configured as a client switch, the server switch is operable to transmit a MSTP configuration to the at least one client switch.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed for storing tree data structures among and within multiple memory channels, which may be of particular use with, but not limited to tree bitmap data structures. A subtree (or entire tree) typically includes one or more leaf arrays and multiple tree arrays. One or more leaf arrays are typically stored in a first set of memory channels of N+1 sets of memory channels, the N+1 sets of memory channels including N sets of memory channels plus the first set of memory channels. Each of N contiguous levels of the multiple tree arrays are stored in a different one of said N sets of memory channels, wherein each of the multiple tree arrays at a same level of said N contiguous levels is stored in the same memory channel set of said N sets of memory channels. A memory channel for storing a particular level is typically assigned based on one or more current occupancy levels of the memory channels.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to monitor conference call activity with Internet protocol (IP) networks are disclosed. An example method comprises monitoring a network for a first conference call participant connection request, prompting the first conference call participant for authentication credentials, and when the first conference call participant is authorized based on the credentials, associating an Internet protocol (IP) address with the first conference call participant for use in place of the authentication credentials.

Abstract: Aspects of the present invention are generally directed to providing convenient access to contextual information related to one or more voicemail messages. In this regard, a user interface that presents contextual information related to a user's voicemail messages is implemented on an IP phone. The user interface is configured to receive contextual information from a remote device that manages the user's voicemail box. Based on contextual information displayed, input to navigate between the one or more voicemail messages may be received. For example, a user may selectively identify voicemail messages represented on the user interface that will be played. Moreover, a user may generate commands from the user interface for navigating between the voicemail messages.

Abstract: A method and system for managing change-over in radio functionality at a radio front-end in a Time Division Duplexing (TDD) system is provided. The method comprises storing one or more control commands. The one or more control commands may correspond to the change-over. The change-over may be a transmitter-to-receiver change-over or a receiver-to-transceiver change-over. The method further comprises receiving a trigger time corresponding to the one or more control commands. The trigger time comprises a timing requirement for the change-over. Thereafter, one or more control commands are released based on a predetermined condition.

Abstract: A smart surface is disclosed that can stand alone or be contained within a portable computer or other system, for powering and communicating with single or multiple cord-free transducers. Operating or charging power is transmitted by the surface using a carrier signal that is on/off keyed or amplitude modulated with synchronization, clock, enable, address, modes, commands and other pulse width, encoded or digital data. The signal is transmitted to single or multiple cordless smart transducers located on or above the surface, such as pens with multiple pressure sensing and switch capability, pointers, stylus, cursors, pucks, mouse, pawns, implements and similar items. Overlapping resonant inductive circuits are used in the surface to transmit operating power and communicate data to the transducer(s).

Abstract: An RF transceiver system includes an RF transmitter that generates a transmit signal and an RF receiver that receives a received signal. A diplexer couples the transmit signal to an antenna, produces the received signal based on an inbound RF signal to the antenna, and isolates the transmit signal from the received signal. A mismatch detection module detects an impedance mismatch at the output of the RF transmitter by processing the transmit signal and the received signal and generates a mismatch feedback signal in response to an amount of detected mismatch. A processing module controls the amount of mismatch at the output of the RF transmitter in response to the mismatch feedback signal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for a gateway which interconnects public safety wireless networks and commercial wireless networks that support push-to-talk group calls. The gateway translates Real Time Protocol (RTP), Session Invitation Protocol (SIP), and Talk Burst Control Protocol (TBCP)/Real Time Control Protocol (RTCP) messages received from the commercial wireless network and RTP and SIP messages received from the public safety wireless network into a format of the receiving network. The gateway has a call control component operable to set up and tear down RTP connections between the networks, a push-to-talk control component operable to arbitrate calls between wireless communications handsets of both networks, and a transmission control component operable to transfer media packets between the networks. The gateway reduces the number of call set ups required when a caller wants to speak because connections may remain active until the talk group participants leave the push-to-talk group call.

Abstract: A WiFi antenna system includes a WiFi amplifier having a reception antenna and a separate transmission antenna for respectively receiving from and transmitting to WiFi devices such as laptop computers and the like. A logic circuit controls transmission and reception of signals via the antennas. Preferably, a splitter-combiner splits signals from a local area network (LAN) and a signal level comparator determines whether the LAN signals are transmission signals which should be transmitted via the transmission antenna. If so, the logic circuit controls the power levels of the two antennas to that effect. Preferably, the transmission antenna is normally at a standby power level while the reception antenna is at a high gain operational power level. If a signal is to be transmitted via the transmission antenna, the logic circuit increases the transmission power level to a maximum allowable and decreases the reception power level to a standby level.

Abstract: Packet data gateway (PDG) in an integrated WLAN-GSM/3G core network, is disclosed comprising a router (R) having a number of gateways (Wi; OP INT 1, OP INT 2, INT DEFAULT) which are associated with various QoS traffic properties (BE, EF), an interface to a WLAN network (Wu) and an interface (Go) to a policy decision function (PDF), a translating unit (TLT). The packet data gateway engages in a service based local procedure (SBLP) whereby a negotiated QoS property is received for a given session identifier as negotiated between a user entity (UE), an Application Function (AF) and a Policy Decision Function (PDF). A WLAN user entity engaging with the PDG is defined. Moreover, a service based local policy procedure (SBLP) for a packet data gateway (PDG) and Service based local policy procedure for a dedicated gateway support node (GGSN) and a tunnel terminal gateway (TTG) is disclosed.

Abstract: A serially linked digital data content relaying system that wirelessly transfers digital data content files such digital audio files, digital video files, or digital voice paging files includes a virtual serial network. The virtual serial network includes a master controller node device and multiple reproduction node devices. The master controller node device maintains digital data content files for distribution through the virtual serial network of the digital data content relaying system to the reproduction node devices. Each reproduction node device is serially in wireless communication two reproduction node devices that are in close proximity. A first reproduction node device of the plurality of reproduction node devices is in wireless communication with the master controller server to receive the digital data content files as radio frequency signals.

Abstract: A method for handling packets in a wireless communications system includes receiving a non-access stratum, called NAS hereinafter, message and a radio resource control, called RRC hereinafter, message, combining the NAS message, the RRC message, a header, and an indication field indicating position information of the NAS message and the RRC message to get a first concatenated message, performing a ciphering procedure on the first concatenated message except the header to get a second concatenated message, and outputting the second concatenated message.

Abstract: A scheduling apparatus and method in a Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) system are provided. A transmitting apparatus includes a storage for buffering a predetermined number of pieces of past channel information with respect to all terminals; a predictor for predicting a future channel status for each terminal by using the predetermined number of pieces of past channel information; and a scheduler for scheduling by assigning a high priority to a terminal of which the future channel status has possibility of becoming worse, by using channel prediction values obtained from the predictor.

Abstract: Method, system and process for touch screen generated signals used in multiple communication systems and networks with reception and processing of Radio Frequency (RF) signal for generating processed location finder signal. Processing of input signal into time division multiple access (TDMA) processed filtered signal used in a cellular system and into orthogonal frequency division processed orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) or orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) signal used in a wireless local area network (WLAN) or a wide area network (WAN), wherein cellular system and WLAN, WAN are distinct systems and networks. Processing input signals into cross-correlated in-phase and quadrature-phase processed filtered signals for quadrature modulation and into signals for non-quadrature modulation and transmission. Communication system and network wherein touch screen processed signal provides direct access to launch browsers from the screen by touching the screen.

Abstract: A method for exchanging channel information between a transmitter and a receiver each including antennas. A request frame including a first preamble, second preamble, and channel information feedback request is transmitted to the receiver, wherein the first preamble is transmitted from one of the antennas of the transmitter, the second preamble is transmitted from each of the antennas, and the channel information feedback request is transmitted from the one of the antennas. The request frame is received at the receiver, and the channel information feedback request is detected by a decoding based on the first preamble. Channel information is estimated using the second preamble, and a notification frame including the estimated information is constructed and transmitted to the transmitter.

Abstract: A wireless device (110) is provided for supporting peer to peer communications. A transceiver (132) is configured to receive and transmit data over a wireless link. A network activity sensor (136) is coupled to the transceiver and configured to sense peer to peer activity by the transceiver and generate a network activity sensor signal. A controller (140) is coupled to the network activity sensor (136) and the transceiver (132), and configured to selectively deactivate a portion of the wireless device based at least in part on the network activity sensor signal. Advantages of the invention include the ability to prolong battery life in wireless devices.

Abstract: A novel and useful apparatus for and method of providing a low power IBSS mode of operation in an ad hoc WLAN. The low power IBSS mechanism enables extremely low power operation when used among stations that implement the mechanism. The mechanism allows the implementation of an IBSS network that is interoperable with standard WLAN IBSS implementations permitting IBSS networks that comprise a mix of stations that implement the mechanism of the present invention with those that do not. Stations synchronize with each other in a manner that takes advantage of the presence of any accurate timing sources, such as the GPS or cellular radio networks. A means is also provided for stations to both advertise the services they are able to support and to discover the services that other stations support in a quick and power efficient manner.

Abstract: A novel and useful apparatus for and method of reducing or minimizing the power required to detect WLAN signals. The present invention provides a mechanism of detecting WLAN signals using either a modified receive path or a separate low power receiver co-located with the WLAN radio. A secondary radio (such as a Bluetooth receiver) is used to detect the WLAN signals, rather than the primary WLAN radio, wherein the secondary radio consumes significantly less power than the primary radio. To search for a new packet to receive, the WLAN device de-activates or shuts down most of its RF, MAC and PHY circuitry to a level that permits it to be re-activated (i.e. turned back on) within a certain time. The lower power receiver is then used to detect the WLAN signal. If a WLAN signal is detected, the WLAN radio is notified which causes it to be re-activated within sufficient time to receive the packet header. If the WLAN radio detects a valid WLAN packet, the WLAN radio proceeds to receive the remainder of the packet.

Abstract: In an example embodiment, a method for speculative power saving. The beginning portion of a header (e.g. a physical layer convergence protocol “PLCP” header of a beacon) is processed to determine whether a predefined bit is set that indicates whether the frame contains any delivery traffic indication for buffered multicast and/or unicast frames. If the bit is set, indicating the frame contains no delivery traffic indication of buffered frames, receiving and processing of the frame stops (e.g. the remainder of the PPDU is not processed) and the receiver switches to a power save state. In an example embodiment, if a predefined NULL beacon frame is detected, receiving and processing of the frame (and PPDU) stops and the receiver switches to a power save state.

Abstract: A communication system comprises a control station and a child station. The child station decides a communication period between the child station and the control station in order to maintain a connection state in a power save mode. The decision of the communication period is performed in accordance with a predetermined wake-up period, a time-out value that maintains the connection state even when no communication is taking place, and a frame length that is a unit of the communication. The child station decides on the time-out value to be the communication period when the wake-up period is greater than the time-out period, and decides on the wake-up period to be the communication period when the wake-up period is less than or equal to the time-out period. The child station then transmits the decided communication period to the control station.

Abstract: For the notification of a receiving device about a forthcoming transmission session, an identifier of one of various possible types of identifiers in a transmission session is mapped to a transmission session identifier field. This field is used for notifying the receiving device. Further, a repetition value is added to the transmission session identifier field, which indicates whether the forthcoming transmission session is new or not. Further, the receiving device may release context data stored for a particular transmission session identifier, if an acquisition of data in transmission sessions identified by the transmission session identifier can be terminated.