Abstract: Plural grooves or lands formed in an information recording carrier include at least a wobbling region and data is recorded wobblingly in this wobbling region by phase shift modulation while recorded digitally with a single or multiple waves as a channel bit.

Abstract: Systems and methods for bidirectional communication are provided. In one embodiment, a bidirectional communication comprises a multipoint-to-point host unit and a plurality of remote units communicatively coupled to the multipoint-to-point host unit through an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing waveform. The multipoint-to-point host unit is configured to receive the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing waveform, the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing waveform comprising a plurality of tones transmitted by the plurality of remote units. The multipoint-to-point host unit is configured to allocate up to a plurality of the plurality of tones to a first remote unit of the plurality of remote units based on a characteristic of upstream information transmitted by the first remote unit.

Abstract: A deinterleaver module in an OFDM wireless transceiver includes partitioned memory banks for storage of code word fragments from an interleaved data stream, each code word fragment associated with a prescribed subcarrier frequency. Each code word fragment includes a prescribed number of code word bits based on a prescribed modulation of the interleaved data stream, and the code word bits for each code word fragment are written into respective selected locations of the corresponding memory bank based on the prescribed modulation and the corresponding prescribed subcarrier frequency. The deinterleaver module outputs deinterleaved data from the memory banks based on parallel output of the respective stored code word bits from a selected address of the memory banks.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and system for managing communication in a data network. The method and system involves monitoring the communication channels at the host level. The hosts are updated with the monitoring information following which they take a coordinated decision in cases of failure of a channel. The data network comprises a plurality of hosts, which are connected to each other through a plurality of channels. A monitor host is elected out of the plurality of hosts to periodically broadcast a system state packet to the plurality of hosts. The system state packet contains information about the state of the plurality of channels and the plurality of hosts for a given channel. Each of the plurality of hosts compares the observed state of channels, as observed by it, with the reported state as reported in the system state packet.

Abstract: A new feature for a network element or a router is described herein. The feature is implemented in the router as a route manager object. The first function of the feature is realized by trapping routing messages that any process like routing daemon or the route manager object sends to the input/output manager and sends them forward to an appropriate function. The second function of the feature is realized by copying the routing messages from an active unit to another instance of the route manager running in the spare unit.

Abstract: A telecommunication switch and an operating method for handling SDH signals transmitted by a protection SDH link associated to a working SDH link of an SDH hardware interface of the telecommunication switch. The telecommunication switch comprises a plurality of SDH hardware interfaces and an equipment protection arrangement. Each of the SDH hardware interfaces is connected to the equipment protection arrangement by a first and a second SDH connection. A protection SDH link of a first SDH hardware interface is connected to a second SDH hardware interface. The second SDH hardware interface is designed to forward protection SDH signals transmitted by the protection SDH link to the equipment protection arrangement using its first SDH connection. The equipment protection arrangement switches the protection SDH signals to a spare SDH termination module or an SDH termination module connected to the first SDH hardware interface according to a protection switching control signal.

Abstract: A system for determining a bad link in a ring includes a start-up controller that transmits a link command having a position field holding initial value. Each device in the ring increments the value held in the position field of a received position command and transmits a modified position command having a position field holding an incremented value. If no valid position command is received at a device it transmits a modified position command having a position field holding the initial value. The start-up device compares the received value held in the position field of a received position command with an expected value to determine the existence and location of a bad link.

Abstract: A data relay apparatus stores identification information for identifying itself. A blocking unit blocks a port to avoid an occurrence of a loop path if the data relay apparatus is a master node, and blocks a port connected to a link of the data relay apparatus if a failure occurs to the link. When the link is restored from the failure, a comparing unit compares identification information of other apparatus connected to the link, with the identification information stored. Based on a result of the comparison, a determining unit determines whether the data relay apparatus should be set as a master node.

Abstract: A fault tolerant communication apparatus provides redundant links between at least two computers. The apparatus includes a first set of links connected to a first computer, a second set of links connected to at least one second computer, and a communication controller between the first set of links and the second set of links. The communication controller ensures communication between the two computers if there is at least one active link between the computers for data communication. USB/Firewire based serial links can be used.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for transmission of information in multiple access communication system is described. Information from a plurality of access terminals is received. Alternatively, an access terminal determines what information needs to be sent to the access point. A determination is made as to whether sufficient resources, such as time, power level, or channels, are available to send an indication of acknowledgment. If sufficient resources are not available at the given time, the transmission of an indication of acknowledgment is delayed until sufficient resources are available.

Abstract: A transfer apparatus detects first time adjustment information from a first transport stream (TS) packet included in an MPEG-2 transport stream, and detects second time adjustment information from a second TS packet included in the MPEG-2 transport stream. The transfer apparatus calculates a time interval between the first time adjustment information and the second time adjustment information. The transfer apparatus performs a recalculation to change the calculated time interval to a recalculated time interval. The transfer apparatus calculates transmission timing of the first TS packet and TS packets between the first and second TS packets, in accordance with the recalculated time interval. The transfer apparatus transfers the first TS packet and the TS packets between the first and second TS packets, in accordance with the calculated transmission timing.

Abstract: The present invention relates, in general, to streaming technology and, more particularly, to a packet scheduling method for streaming multimedia data. The packet scheduling method of the present invention streams multimedia data by a server in a network. The network includes the server for providing multimedia data divided into picture groups each having a sequence of N pictures, and a terminal for displaying the multimedia data received from the server in a streaming manner. In the packet scheduling method, the sequences of the pictures are divided into motion part packets and texture part packets, and priorities are assigned to the packets according to temporal scaling. A threshold for a predetermined priority is determined in consideration of conditions of a channel and a buffer status of the terminal and a substream is constructed using packets with priorities below the threshold within the respective picture groups. The packets in the constructed substream are sequentially transmitted to the terminal.

Abstract: The hybrid DSL system (10) for transmission of hybrid DSL data via a subscriber access line (2030) has a baseband transceiver (101) for transmission of first data in a base frequency band via the subscriber access line (2030) at a first data transmission rate, a non-baseband transceiver (102) for transmission of second data in a non-base frequency band via the subscriber access line (2030) at a second data transmission rate, and a data link (103) for interchanging parameters between the baseband transceiver (101) and the non-baseband transceiver (102) in order to increase the overall data transmission rate of both transceivers (101, 102).

Abstract: A method for determining and enforcing rate constraints on process flows in a network, the method comprising receiving at least one process flow. A flow rate vulnerability (FRV) factor and a required bandwidth (RBW) parameter are determined for the at least one process flow. A rate constraint is calculated for the at least one process flow and the rate constraint is enforced on the at least one process flow.

Abstract: A load-balanced network architecture is disclosed in which a traffic flow at a given network node is split into a plurality of parts, and the parts are distributed to respective ones of the plurality of nodes that are designated as participating in a load balancing process for the traffic flow. Each of at least a subset of the participating nodes receiving one of the parts routes at least a portion of its received part to one or more destination nodes.

Abstract: A system and method for forwarding data packets with quality of service and rate control. A plurality of data packets are received from a plurality of sources. The header information of each data packet is extracted and compared against a plurality of tables, and then new header information is assembled based upon the comparison results. The data packets have their headers replaced by the new header information on the fly before being sent to their destinations, or the new header information may be dropped if certain conditions are met.

Abstract: An apparatus for displaying network status includes a network traffic collection unit, a network status display unit and a first attack type determination unit. The network traffic collection unit analyzes packets collected from an external communication network, and outputs connection information including a source Internet Protocol (IP) address, a destination IP address and a destination port number. The network status display unit receives the connection information transmitted from the network traffic collection unit for a predetermined period, and displays the connection information in a coordinate point data form on a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system whose three axes are assigned to a source IP address, a destination IP address and a destination port number, respectively.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the present invention is a method and apparatus for monitoring virtual private networks (VPNs) supported on a multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) backbone network. In one embodiment, a method for remote monitoring of a VPN supported on an MPLS backbone network includes capturing traffic to and/or from the virtual private network (e.g.; via a network probe) and analyzing the captured traffic in accordance with one or more service objectives. In another embodiment, the present invention involves remotely simulating network conditions in a virtual private network, for example by sending test patterns to a shared customer edge router connected to the virtual private network, forwarding the test patterns, via the shared customer edge router, to the MPLS backbone network, and forwarding the test patterns over the MPLS backbone network to a discrete customer edge router associated with the virtual private network.

Abstract: A discovery tool that can take the form of a method, system, and/or medium for retrieving and storing information about devices of a communications network is provided. The discovery tool is protocol specific rather than device specific and includes a set of device-configuration files, a generic network-element interface, and a generic resolver. The generic resolver chooses a generic network-element interface based on a protocol compatible with a specific network device. The method includes determining a protocol-specific interface module to communicate with a network device, establishing a logical connection with the network device, determining which configuration file should be used to interrogate the device, and then using the configuration file to interrogate the device and thereby receive device-attribute data related to the device.

Abstract: In a network traffic monitoring system and method for capturing a service distribution to monitor an IP network using Diffserv protocol, each IP packet on the network is monitored by extracting DSCP and IP addresses from a header of the packet. Then, traffic information is accumulated for each service class and for each sub network address, using the extracted information.

Abstract: A network interface is presented that receives packet data from a shared medium and accomplishes the signal processing required to convert the data packet to host computer formatted data separately from receiving the data packet. The network interface receives the data packet, converts the analog signal to a digitized signal, and stores the resulting sample packet in a storage queue. An off-line processor, which may be the host computer itself, performs the signal processing required to interpret the sample packet. In transmission, the off-line process converts host-formatted data to a digitized version of a transmission data packet and stores that in a transmission queue. A transmitter converts the transmission data packet format and transmits the data to the shared medium.

Abstract: A method for determining transmission characteristics over a first communication path and a second communication path, while an amount of the signal transmitted over the first communication path couples into the second communication path. In case of excess of capacity over the first communication path and a shortage of capacity over the second communication path, the transmit power over said first communication path is decreased such that the requested service is met over both communication paths. This optimal transmit power can be determined by trying successive transmit power values until the requested service is met, e.g. by means of a dichotomy algorithm or the like. The optimal transmit power value can be computed directly as well, e.g. by making use of the transfer characteristics of the coupling path. A transceiver unit may also be used to implement the present method.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of predicting link quality of a link is disclosed. The method includes receiving multi-carrier modulated signals over a period of time, estimating an SNR for each received sub-carrier, constructing a sequence of the SNRs, and estimating link PER based upon knowledge of encoding and/or interleaving used during transmission, and the sequence of SNRs.

Abstract: A system and methods to optimize the resource planning of ADSL services is provided. In an illustrative implementation, a network management system (NMS) communicates with an ADSL network to provision resources for participating users. The provisioning process yields a permanent virtual circuit (PVC). Included in the provisioning process is the creation and management of configuration variables, such as, the virtual path identifier (VPI) and the virtual circuit identifier (VCI). The VPI/VCI combination uniquely identifies each PVC. If the provisioning process is aborted or fails, it may be reanimated by the NMS using the VPI/VCI combination. In this implementation, the VPI may be set to a certain value and the VCI value calculated using ADSL configuration values (e.g. the physical connection position on a first, second, third, etc. ADSL network component.) The deterministic nature of the VPI and VCI configuration variables assist the NMS to track and optimize available resources.

Abstract: A communication relay device with a redundancy function for a line in a network under a WAN environment is connected to another, having a one-to-one relationship at both ends of each line by first and second ports to configure a redundancy channel between lines. A closed port setting section sets one of the ports as a closed port, thereby configuring a network free of a loop between the respective lines. A closed port setting information notifying section notifies a counterpart communication relay device connected to the one port, via the one port, of closed port setting notifying information for notifying that one of the ports has been set as a closed port. A datagram transmission stopping section stops transmission of a datagram from a port of its own connected to the one port set as the closed port when receiving the closed port setting notification information as the counterpart communication relay device.

Abstract: Systems, methods and devices for virtual network addresses. A method comprises processing a request from a requestor to create a plurality of software network devices having a corresponding plurality of media access control (MAC) addresses. The MAC addresses may be allocated to a network interface circuit. The MAC addresses and the software network devices may be provided to the requestor. Incoming data units may be received from a network via a driver and a demultiplexor. Outgoing data units may be sent on to the network via a driver.

Abstract: A hierarchical communication system, arranged in a spanning tree configuration, is described in which wired and wireless communication networks exhibiting substantially different characteristics are employed in an overall scheme to link portable or mobile computing devices. Copies of data, program code and processing resources are migrated from their source toward requesting destinations based on request frequency, communication link costs and available local storage and/or processing resources. Each appropriately configured network device acts as an active participant in network migration. In addition, portable two-dimensional (2-D) code reading terminals are configured to wirelessly communicate compressed 2-D images toward stationary access servers that identify the code image through decoding and through comparison with a database of images that have previously been decoded and stored.

Abstract: A system and method of protocol and frame classification in a system for data processing is disclosed, including, analyzing a portion of the, packet or frame according to predetermined tests, and storing characteristics of the packet for use in subsequent processing of the frame. The characteristics are preferably obtained with hardware, which does so quickly and in a uniform time period. The stored characteristics of the packet are then used by the network processing complexes in further processing of the frame. The processor is preconditioned with a starting instruction address or cede entry point and the location of the beginning of the layer 3 header as well as flags for the type of frame.

Abstract: A method for accelerating discovery of access points (APs) in a wireless local area network begins by transmitting an advertisement packet by an AP via at least one channel other than a channel on which the AP transmits beacon signals. The advertisement packet is received by a station (STA), which then determines whether to associate to the transmitting AP. The advertisement packet can include reassociation information, such that the STA can associate to the AP based on the information in the advertisement packet, or timing information, such that the STA can tune to the AP and receive the AP's beacon without dwelling on the AP for an extended period of time.

Abstract: Methods for detecting Nagling on a TCP network connection are disclosed. Embodiments may generally include a system with a Nagle detection threshold determiner for determining a Nagle detection threshold based on the network connection. The system may also generally include a Nagle detection module in communication with the Nagle detection threshold determiner for observing a small segment at a second time following an acknowledgement indicative of a Nagling condition at a first time, wherein the Nagle detection module also may detect a Nagling condition if the difference between the second time and the first time is less than or equal to the Nagle detection threshold. The system may be a receiver computer or a network computer. The system may also generate and transmit a notification of the Nagling condition, increment a Nagle monitor counter, or save an indication of the Nagling condition in a log.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are described which are operable to resynchronize bundle interfaces associated with network devices. Where all of a plurality of connections between previously synchronized first and second bundle interfaces have been physically relocated from the second bundle interface to a third bundle interface, synchronization of the first and third bundle interfaces is achieved without manual intervention.

Abstract: A method is disclosed that enables a data-processing system, such as a private branch exchange, to detect and disconnect looping communication channels, without some of the costs, disadvantages, and limitations of techniques in the prior art. The illustrative embodiment of the present invention provides detection of looping communication channels at the point where the loop begins. By detecting at the beginning point of the loop, the illustrative embodiment has the advantage of de-allocating call resources sooner than some techniques in the prior art. This enables the call resources to be reused faster for subsequent incoming and outgoing calls. Faster reuse is advantageous because it can lower the call blocking characteristic, which is related to the probability of a new call not being set up due to lack of communication channel resources.

Abstract: The present invention proposes a method for data transmission in a cellular telecommunication system, in which system data are transmitted in units of bursts, each burst occupying a time slot (TS[j]) of one of consecutive frames (F[i]), each respective frame comprising a predetermined number (n) of time slots (TS[j]), j={(0, . . .

Abstract: An apparatus and a system, as well as a method and article, may operate to select a group of contiguous communications channels having a specified number of channels, a center channel, and a control channel. Some embodiments may operate to select a group of contiguous communications channels having a specified control channel and a signed extension channel offset.

Abstract: An apparatus and method operable to detect duplicate IP addresses in a mobile ad hoc network environment. A network apparatus operable to detect duplicate IP addresses in a mobile ad hoc network environment consistent with the present invention includes a database operable to store device information on each terminal and an IP address corresponding to the device information, an IP address duplicate detector operable to create an identifier for use in identifying a mobile ad hoc network based on the device information and the IP address and for processing a given packet for detecting duplicate IP addresses, and a packet transmitter/receiver operable to transmit/receive a Hello packet containing the identifier or the given packet for detecting duplicate IP addresses.

Abstract: A message transmitted from a base station to a plurality of mobile stations in a wireless network providing broadcast multicast services includes one or more fields providing configuration information associated with multicast services deployed on each frequency in the coverage area of the base station and a flag indicating whether the message includes all of the one or more fields or only select ones of the one or more fields having updated configuration information.

Abstract: A detector is used to sample of set of power measurements of a receive signal. The receive signal may comprise one or more signals from remote users as well as interference. A variance of the set of power measurements is also determined. The variance is compared to an overload threshold value. If the variance exceeds the overload threshold value, for some period of time, the system is declared to be operating at a potentially unstable point. In this state, future connection originations are denied.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for increasing the channel capacity of a communications network, comprising a plurality of one-way TDMA transmitters sharing said channel, and at least one compatible receiver, by reducing transmission collisions among said transmitters. This is achieved by coupling a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) decoder, such as a GPS receiver, to each transmitter, and limiting transmissions to discrete time slots, determined by timing signals provided by said GNSS. Further, this basic set of time slots is divided into several sub sets, and each transmitter selects a sub set of time slots according to its geographic location, in order to enable reusing time slots in spaced apart areas, as frequencies are reused in cellular networks. Then, each transmitter selects its own transmission time slot, from said sub set, in a way that statistically minimizes collisions among nearby transmitters.

Abstract: Methods are provided to ensure that content defining a sub-grid of a decentralized network continues to be provided to the sub-grid upon departure of a node from the sub-grid that has been responsible for providing the content. A node intent on exiting a sub-grid ensures that content for which it has service responsibility is appropriately transferred to another node prior to exiting the sub-grid, wherein the other node is capable of serving the transferred content to the sub-grid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system, a Midcom Agent, a method for re-establishing context and a computer program product for performing the steps of said method. In a multi-domain, multi-access IP network there is a need for a method to re-establish context associated with a flow when the end-to-end path changes. The path change is typically due to mobility, but can also be caused by access re-selection (which can be performed for a stationary mobile node as well). Therefore, a method is provided in which the context is moved from one middlebox to at least one selected middlebox via a Midcom Agent. An advantage with the present invention is that it facilitates the transfer of context information from a set of middleboxes to another set of middleboxes. Each set may contain diverse types of such middleboxes.

Abstract: A method of providing communication service includes determining a first playback delay based on one or more network characteristics of a first network and one or more network characteristics of a second network. The method also includes storing media received from the first network in a first buffer and playing media received from the first network after the media received from the first network has been stored in the first buffer an amount of time based on the first playback delay. The method further includes detecting a handoff trigger and storing media received from the second network in a second buffer, in response to detecting the handoff trigger. The method also includes playing media received from the second network.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for adaptive data rate selection in a high data rate (HDR) communication system are disclosed. An exemplary HDR communication system defines a set of data rates, at which an access point (AP) may transmit data packets to an access terminal (AT). The transmission data rate is selected to maintain target packet error rate (PER). Each AT monitors signal quality metric of signals received from APs. An AT receiving forward link signals from multiple ATs identifies the AT associated with the highest quality forward link signal.

Abstract: A wireless access system is provided which prevents the occurrence of a hidden terminal problem and minimizes the reduction in throughput. In the wireless access system, an access point divides terminals into groups such that terminals in one group cannot recognize radio waves sent from terminals in another group, and performs communication with the terminals on a per-group basis. By this, the wireless access system avoids the occurrence of the hidden terminal problem. RTS/CTS packets used to avoid the occurrence of the hidden terminal problem are exchanged between the access point and the terminals on a per-group basis, whereby overhead is reduced and the reduction in throughput is minimized.

Abstract: A home agent and a mobile terminal communicate to facilitate the home agent becoming aware of whether the mobile terminal is notification capable meaning the mobile terminal is able to receive notifications of specified events without an open browser window. If the mobile terminal is notification capable, the home agent provides notifications based upon specified events and conditions. The mobile terminal then provides an indication of the notification to the user even though a browser window is not open for displaying user messages. More specifically, the mobile IP registration process according to a mobile IP protocol is modified to add parameter extensions that allow the mobile terminal to provide this indication that it is notification capable. The home agent is notification capable as well and provides specified notifications to the mobile terminal upon the occurrence of a specified event either in a registration reply or during a data session or call.

Abstract: A system and method is provided for detecting wireless access devices coupled to local area network of computers. The method includes coupling a sniffer device to a local area network. The method includes transferring one or more packets to be directed to a selected device over the local area network. The selected device is preferably coupled to the local area network. The method includes intercepting the one or more packets to be directed to the selected device at the sniffer device. Moreover, the method includes deriving information from the intercepted one or more packets using the sniffer device. The method can generate one or more marker packets in a selected format using the sniffer device. The marker packets are provided based upon at least a portion of the information derived from the intercepted packets.

Abstract: A divided Media Access Control (MAC) protocol structure, a data transmission and reception method, and a handover method and system using the structure in a wireless communication system for efficiently managing session information in handover of an MSS (Mobile Subscriber Station). In the MAC protocol structure, a MAC is divided into a MAC-high layer and a MAC-low layer. The MAC-high layer performs session information-related functions and the MAC-low layer performs functions sensitive to a time delay in relation to handover of an MSS. In the handover method, when an MSS in the wireless communication system performs handover between Access Points (APs), session information is managed at a fixed position by an Access Point Controller (APC) including an MAC-high layer or a serving AP. Therefore, the system load can be reduced and communication quality can be improved.

Abstract: A system for self-organizing and auto-configuring mesh networks is disclosed. Special nodes (deemed special for their topological significance) are used as a starting point for forming clusters of fully connected nodes. Here, all nodes can communicate directly with one another and links are scheduled to meet the traffic requirements as indicated by their individual configuration and topological positions. Links that do not interfere with each other are scheduled to operate concurrently, thereby increasing the bandwidth offered by the whole system. When there is change to the system, such as leaving or introduction of a node, the system will adjust with minimum impact on its operation. Once all of the clusters are formed in a system, the clusters are now capable of inter-cluster communications with an increase in bandwidth for such communications.

Abstract: A downlink channel scheduling method and apparatus for obtaining optimal system performance in a downlink of a wireless communication system using an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme are provided. Terminals compute a plurality of channel capacities and search for a channel with a maximum capacity. The terminals send, to a base station (BS), feedback information including a channel number and a capacity value of the channel with the maximum capacity. The BS performs a first channel allocation process for allocating a channel with an optimal capacity to each terminal on the basis of the feedback information. The BS performs a second channel allocation process for allocating an adjacent channel to a corresponding terminal using the window bit when the terminal is not allocated a channel in the first channel allocation process.

Abstract: Refresh and filtering mechanisms for LDP based VPLS and L2VPN solutions are disclosed. A method for improving information communication in a network is achieved by these refresh and filtering mechanisms. The network includes provider edge devices which can communicate with each other. The provider edge devices run a communications protocol. The method includes a step of using the communications protocol in providing a first of the provider edge devices with a list of layer-2 virtual private network instances to which a second of the provider edge devices belongs. Another step in the method is filtering layer-2 virtual private network information to be communicated to the second provider edge device from the first provider edge device by reference to the layer-2 virtual private network instances to which the second provider edge device belongs.

Abstract: Packet data transmissions from network servers are provided to wireless communication stations via wireless communication networks. A network server 30 about to transmit packet data to a wireless communication station 20 first requests the wireless station 20 to provide its radio transferring capabilities to the server 30. Based on these radio transferring capabilities, the information content to be transferred from the server 30 to the wireless station 20, via a wireless communication network 10 and any operatively connecting the server with the wireless network 10, is adapted so that the resulting packet data transmission is suitable for the radio transferring capabilities of the wireless station 20. This results in a reasonable transmission time in elimination of any annoying transmission delays due to bandwidth capacity problems.