Abstract: A timer is provided. The timer includes a rotatable electrically non-conducting ratchet gear, an electrically conducting pawl mechanism, and an electronic drive circuit. The ratchet gear has a plurality of teeth. The electrically conducting pawl mechanism includes a pawl configured to engage one of the plurality of teeth on the ratchet gear. The an electronic drive circuit is electrically coupled to the pawl mechanism. The electronic drive circuit passes a current through the pawl mechanism such that the pawl advances the ratchet gear by one tooth pitch.

Abstract: A substrate processing system comprises a plurality of CVD processing units (15a-15c) and one refrigerator (101). A supply line (102) for supplying a cooling medium from the refrigerator to the CVD processing units, and a feedback line (103) for feeding the cooling medium back to the refrigerator from the processing units are laid in the system. The cooling medium from the refrigerator is thus distributively fed to the processing units. Circuits (104a-104c) are laid out in rod stages (33), objects of temperature control, in the respective processing units. Each circuit is connected to the supply line and to the feedback line. The cooling medium is circulated around the circuits to control the temperatures of the rod stages stably. When the temperature of the rod stage rises, the cooling medium at a low temperature is taken in the circuit from the supply line to cool the rod stage.

Abstract: A power management system (36) supplies power to a refrigeration unit (20) of a vehicle (22). When a vehicle engine (40) is running, the refrigeration unit receives power from a DC power source (38). When the vehicle engine is not operating, power is supplied through an AC source (46). A converter (42) within the power management system converts the AC power to Dc power and sends the power to the refrigeration unit. If the user attempts to start the vehicle engine when the refrigeration unit is receiving power through the converter, there is conflict in power supply. The power management system will activate an alarm (48) to alert the user to an attempt to power the refrigeration unit with two different power systems.

Abstract: A refrigerated case (20) has a housing containing an interior volume (36) for storing items. Along an air flow path (510) through the case, a refrigerant-to-air heat exchanger (60) has an evaporator section (112) and a reheat section (114). A preconditioning section (110) may be upstream of the evaporator section (112) and the evaporator section is upstream of the reheat section (114). Along a refrigerant flow path (520), the reheat section (114) is downstream of the preconditioning section (110) (if any) and upstream of the evaporator section (112) and an expansion device (62) is between the reheat (114) and evaporator (112) sections.

Abstract: A domestic refrigerator comprises a cavity (c) with side walls (10a) provided with removable opposing supporting elements (16) and having guides (22) capable of co-operating with lateral sliders (26) for shelves (14) in order to permit the latter to be positioned at different heights. Said shelves (14) comprise two planar portions (18, 20) articulated with one another, a first portion (18), which is more extensive in the manner of a leaf, co-operating with the guides (22, 22a-d) with the aim of being able to assume two stable positions at different heights, a second portion (20) in the manner of a bracket co-operating rotatably with seats for said supporting elements so as to be able to assume a first configuration substantially coplanar with the leaf and a second configuration angled relative to the latter.

Abstract: ABSTRACT A refrigerator comprising a refrigerator housing defining first, second, and third compartments separated by insulated walls, a refrigeration system supplying cold air to the first, second, and third compartments, first, second, and third sensors operative to detect temperature in a respective one of the first, second, and third compartments and control circuitry in electrical communication with the sensors, the control circuitry controlling flow of the cold air into each of the first, second, and third compartments so as to facilitate maintaining a respective desired temperature therein, where the desired temperature of each of the first, second, and third compartments is variable and may be set by a user independently with respect to each other.

Abstract: The invention includes a system and method for cooling a plurality of containers. Preferably, the apparatus and method comprise a plurality of compartments operable to receive and retain the plurality of containers. Further, a liner is provided that is in operative engagement with at least two of the compartments. The liner is provided with chemicals that cause an endothermic reaction to cool the compartments when the chemicals are activated.

Abstract: A compressor system with controlled lubricant reclaim includes a compressor circuit having a compressor, a condenser, and an evaporator connected by refrigerant flow line; a lubricant circuit for circulating lubricant to the compressor; a reclaim vaporizer adapted to heat a refrigerant-lubricant mixture from the evaporator whereby the mixture is heated and lubricant and refrigerant are separated to provide reclaimed lubricant to the lubricant circuit and reclaimed refrigerant to the compressor circuit; and a control unit adapted to control flow of the mixture from the evaporator to the reclaim vaporizer based upon temperature of the mixture from the evaporator and temperature of reclaimed lubricant leaving the reclaim evaporator. Methods are also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cooling system comprising an essentially flat evaporator consisting of individual evaporation plates (3a). Each evaporation plate comprises two high-grade steel plates (9 and 10) of different thicknesses, that are assembled by means of welding points (6) and welding seams (8). A channel (14) is formed between the high-grade steel plates (9 and 10), through which a coolant flows. Preferably, the evaporator forms part of the inner housing of a refrigerating appliance. The evaporator is produced by welding the plates (9 and 10) together. Compressed air is then blown between the plates (9 and 10), whereby the thinner of the two plates (9,10) is curved in such a way the channel (14) is created for the coolant.

Abstract: In a refrigerant evaporator, a core has tubes that are arranged in a core width direction and at least in two rows including a first row and a second row. The first row is disposed downstream of the second row with respect to a flow direction of an external fluid. The tubes of the first row provide a refrigerant upward path and a refrigerant downward path. The core has a thickness equal to or less than 50 mm with respect to the flow direction of the external fluid, and a width equal to or greater than 220 mm with respect to the core width direction. The upward path is further than the downward path with respect to a refrigerant inlet disposed at an end of a first header tank, and has a width equal to or less than 95 mm with respect to the core width direction.

Abstract: Contemplated plants include a refluxed absorber and a distillation column, wherein the absorber is operated at a higher pressure than the distillation column to thereby produce a cryogenic pressurized lean gas. The lean gas is further compressed to a pressure suitable for liquefaction using energy from feed gas vapor expansion. Desired separation of C2 products is ensured by temperature control of the absorber and distillation column using flow ratios of various streams within the plant, and by dividing the separation process into two portions at different pressures.

Abstract: The invention relates to an air separating device by means of cryogenic distillation for producing nitrogen, comprising an exchange line (3), a simple distillation column (7) containing plates and/or structured packings, a supply line for delivery of compressed purified air (1) to the exchange line, a supply line for delivery of the compressed purified and cooled air from the exchange line to the distillation column, a line for withdrawal of a liquid (11) enriched in oxygen from the distillation column for delivery to the exchange line, said exchange line having two sections, a rectifying section (3B) and a heat exchange section (3A), the rectifying section being connected to the column and the line for the enriched liquid and the heat exchange section is connected to the air supply line and the rectifying section.

Abstract: A jewelry coupling includes a U-shape fitting connectable to respective parts of a necklace to allow two degrees of freedom of motion between the respective parts, e.g., allowing one part to rotate in one plane about one axis and the other part to swivel about another axis. The U-shape fitting includes a pair of spaced-apart disk-like sides with a fastener therebetween and attachable to a jewelry band member allowing rotation thereof about the fastener, a bridge connecting the two disk-like sides and an opening in the bridge for a pin fastener attachable to a decorative jewelry item, e.g., a pendant, allowing for swiveling of the decorative jewelry item about the another axis. A method for assembling an article of jewelry includes attaching a jewelry band member to a jewelry coupling allowing rotation about one axis and attaching a decorative jewelry item to a pin fastener allowing swiveling of the decorative jewelry item relative to the jewelry coupling and Jewelry band member.

Abstract: A display comprising a first substantially planar member formed of substantially two mirror image sections each having a plurality of extensions for holding items, the first member having an extended U-shaped or rectangular shaped void along its longitudinal axis for engaging a reciprocal void along a longitudinal axis of a second member, a second substantially planar member has a plurality of extensions for holding items, and the two planar members engaged along the U-shaped voids to form in cross section a substantially X-shaped structure. The extensions may be shaped in any of a variety of configurations preferably in the shape of a tree. The tree may be formed of rigid metallic or other materials and be integrated with the mementos and their locations. The mementos or charms may be arranged in pre-determined fashion by size, age, or physicality to create a pre-determined shape.

Abstract: A heart shaped diamond possessing a hearts and arrows pattern characteristic comprising: six main crown facets symmetrically aligned relative to one another, with each of the six main crown facets having a straight edge in parallel alignment with a straight edge of another main crown facet disposed opposite thereto; six main pavilion facets aligned at a fixed given angle of approximately 60° to each other and having a symmetrical number of pavilion half facets such that the six main pavilion facets meet at a point corresponding to the symmetrical central of the diamond and a multiple number of crown star facets spaced apart from one another on the surface of the diamond. The pavilion half facets are arranged in pairs polished on the main pavilion facet with a first pavilion half facet in each pair lying at a first angle of preferably 26.25° relative to a second pavilion half facet in the same pair and with the second pavilion half facet in each pair cut at a second angle of preferably 33.

Abstract: A triangular shaped diamond adapted to display a hearts and arrows pattern when exposed to light comparable to the hearts and arrows pattern in a round diamond, comprising: six main crown facets, twelve crown half facets, a table facet, six main pavilion facets and a plurality of girdle facets separating the crown facets from the pavilion facets with each main crown facet having a symmetrically positioned opposite crown facet of substantially equal size surrounding the table facet and having at least one edge in parallel alignment with a corresponding edge in the main crown facet opposite thereto.

Abstract: A hexagonal shaped diamond, adapted to display a hearts and arrows pattern when exposed to light comparable to the hearts and arrows pattern in a round diamond. The hexagon shaped diamond should be cut to form six main crown facets of substantially equal size symmetrically arranged relative to one another surrounding a table facet with each main crown facet having parallel edges symmetrically aligned to the parallel edges of a main crown facet located opposite thereto, six main pavilion facets polished in alignment with the main crown facets, girdle facets separating the pavilion facets from the main crown facets and twelve crown star facets.

Abstract: A triangular star shaped diamond adapted to display a hearts and arrows pattern when exposed to light comparable to the hearts and arrows pattern in a round diamond, comprising: six main crown facets, twelve crown half facets, a table facet, six main pavilion facets and an even number of main girdle facets separating the crown facets from the pavilion facets with each main crown facet having a symmetrical main crown facet in an opposing relationship and at least one edge in parallel alignment with an edge of the opposing main crown facet.

Abstract: An oval shaped diamond, adapted to display a hearts and arrows pattern when exposed to light characteristic of the hearts and arrows pattern in a round diamond, comprising: an oval shape having two long sides symmetrical to each other, two short sides symmetrical to each other and four corner sides symmetrically located between the long sides and the short sides respectively, eight main crown facets of unequal size and eight main pavilion facets of unequal size, sixteen pavilion half facets; a girdle of non-uniform thickness separating the crown and pavilion facets and two subsidiary pavilion facets in alignment with each other on the long sides of the diamond adjacent a main pavilion facet.

Abstract: The method produces a reshaped glass-ceramic article by forced reshaping of a flat green glass part during a ceramicizing process with temporarily lowered viscosity due to crystallization heat. To perform the forced reshaping economically the forced reshaping takes place in a continuous oven for ceramicizing and in an oven section in which the viscosity of the green glass part is temporarily lowered as a result of crystallization heat. An apparatus for performing the process is provided in the continuous oven including different active reshaping devices and/or a hollow mold. The method produces glass-ceramic articles with undamaged surfaces corresponding to surfaces produced during the making of the green glass part (smooth or structured, e.g. knobbed).

Abstract: A three-dimensional (micro-) channel structure with an increased length of internal channel is provided, which can be formed without requiring a boring step for vertical hole formation. The channel structure is formed by providing a polyhedral substrate with a groove over at least two faces thereof, preferably through press molding, and covering the faces provided with the grooves with a covering member or another polyhedral substrate to form a continuous internal channel communicative with an ambience through an opening.

Abstract: A method for supplying heat to a melting furnace for forming a molten product using ash-containing fuels. A fuel having an ash component is introduced into a slagging chamber of a slagging combustor and at least partially combusted with a first oxidant mixture and a second oxidant mixture within the slagging chamber. Ash component is collected as a layer of molten slag in the slagging chamber. Slagging combustor gas effluent is passed from the slagging chamber of the slagging combustor into the combustion space of the melting furnace at high temperature to supply heat to form the molten product. Molten slag is withdrawn from the slagging chamber of the slagging combustor and may be selectively introduced into the melting furnace or not introduced into the melting furnace.

Abstract: A method and a machine for the production of hollow glassware articles, by the blow-and-blow, press-and-blow, press-and-blow paste mold and direct-press processes in a glassware forming machine including single or multiple machine sections each having single or multiple-cavity, comprising: forming a parison in an inverted orientation, into a blank mold and a first transferable and open-able neck ring mold held by an inverting apparatus having a first and a second diametrically opposed arms, each arm holding a transferable and open-able neck ring mold; inverting the parison held by the first transferable and open-able neck ring mold, by rotating the first arm 180° to an upright orientation at an intermediate station, while the second arm with a second transferable and open-able neck ring mold is simultaneously placed at the parison forming station; transferring the first transferable and open-able neck ring mold holding the parison in an upright orientation, from the intermediate station, to a blow mold statio

Abstract: A method of elongating a glass body is provided, in which method the axial variation in the inner refractive index structure of a glass body can be restrained.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a preform for optical fibers via a vapor deposition process in which the position of the reversal point near the substrate tube's supply side shifts along the longitudinal axis of the substrate tube during at least part of the deposition process.

Abstract: According to an embodiment of the invention a method of manufacturing optical fiber cane comprises the steps of: (i) providing a core rod manufactured of relatively low viscosity glass; (ii) depositing SiO2 based soot around the core rod to form a soot preform, the soot being of relatively high viscosity material such that the softening point of the low viscosity glass is at least 200° C. lower than the viscosity of the high viscosity outer core region; and (iii) consolidating the soot of the soot preform by exposure to hot zone at temperatures of 1000° C.-1600° C. The soot is consolidated by heating the outer portion of the soot preform at a relatively fast heating rate, the heating rate being sufficient to densify the soot, so as to render the densified material with enough rigidity to confine the heated core rod and to prevent the heated core rod from puddling.

Abstract: For longitudinal shifting, a needle in accordance with the invention is provided with a longitudinal slit 14 that is disposed to accommodate a bearing element (19), for example, having the form of a strip (20). Whereas known needles are set in a guide channel and thus are held or guided between two guide flanks, the needle in accordance with the invention extends around a strip (20) and is guided on said strip. Thus, the needle is guided on two surfaces of the guide element (19) and the strip (20), respectively, said surfaces facing away from each other. The support section (4) and the bearing element (19) form a highly precise positioning or guide device.

Abstract: A knitting needle designed specifically for achieving particularly fine divisions, or another knitting tool (2), has a narrower working section (4) and a wider support section (5), whereby the support section (5) is provided with a positioning means (11), for example, having the form of a slit (12) or having the form of a rib (32). The knitting tool (2) is associated with a fixing means (29) in the form of a projection (17) or a groove (33) on the side of the bar (1). Due to this measure, the support sections (5) of the knitting tools (2) may be arranged—in close proximity to each other, in contact with or at a minimal distance from each other—on the bar (1), so that a maximum cross-section is available for configuring the support section (5). This provides strong stability for the knitting tools (2)—even in cases of extremely fine divisions—and, at the same time, provides precise alignment and avoids division errors.

Abstract: A drum shell having flow perforations in the rear zone thereof, for exchange of the washing liquid between the interior of the washing drum and the interior of a liquid tank, enclosing the above and, in the operating position for the washing machine, the lower shell line increasingly differs from a horizontal, on rising towards the front. Hollow, long lifting bodies, which are embodied to take liquid amounts from the deepest position thereof and raise the same, on rotation of the washing drum, to a raised position within the washing drum and to release the same from said raised position into the interior of the washing drum, inadequately wet the pieces of washing in the front region. According to the invention, the amount of water discharged in the interior can more effectively be applied to the laundry items, whereby the drum shell has a total surface of flow perforations.

Abstract: Household clothes washing machine comprising: a rotating drum (1), a washing tub (3) mounted on to the outer casing of said washing machine, a synchronous motor comprising a stator (6) and a rotor (7), arranged coaxial with the axis of rotation (X) of said drum, and mounted externally to said tub on the rear side thereof, said rotor being shrink-fitted on to the rotary drive shaft (8) of said drum, a hub (9) supported by a central rear portion of said tub and accommodating said rotary drive shaft of the drum thereinside, two bearings (10, 11) arranged coaxial with said rotary drive shaft, at least one of which being accommodated between said huh and said rotary drive shaft in respective positions situated at a different distance from said drum, and adapted to rotatably support said rotary drive shaft, wherein said motor is mounted in a recessed arrangement included within the outer rear contour of said tub.

Abstract: A laundry machine is disclosed. A laundry machine includes a body (100) for defining an exterior, a water supply valve (200) provided in the body (100) and connected with an outer water supply device, a drum rotatably mounted within the body, at least one steam generator for supplying steam into the drum (600), and a water treatment apparatus (900) for treating water supplied to the steam generator (600). an object of the present invention is to provide a laundry machine which can perform washing and drying more quickly and efficiently as well as which has an effect of smoothing out wrinkles and sterilizing the laundry.

Abstract: The invention relates to a locking device for a lock opening which is arranged in a wall between a first and a second recipient, said lock opening comprising a blocking element, which is arranged in the inner chamber of the first recipient, and a counter-plate which is associated with the blocking element. A first magnet device is provided in an area of the counter-plate and a second magnet device, which is associated with the first magnet device, is provided in the region of the blocking element. In order to close and/or open the locking device by means of the first and second magnet device, a positive and/or negative contact pressure can be produced between the blocking element and the counter-plate.

Abstract: The invention relates to an actuating apparatus for a lock mechanism, in particular of a door or flap of a motor vehicle, in particular of a tractor, having a handle body, in which an actuating device for driving an actuating element for the lock mechanism is mounted in a handle-body end region, a moveable coupling link being provided, with which the actuating device can be brought out of operation, the coupling link being connected driveably to a locking device having a remote-controllable driving device, and the locking device being accommodated in other subregions of the handle body and the driving device being a rotation drive.

Abstract: A lock comprises a rotary latch (10) with a pre-latch position (12) and a main latch position (11), the latch being retained by a catch (20). A combined, power-driven closing and opening aid ensures an increased comfort when closing or opening the door by means of two drive elements (50, 60) that can be moved simultaneously, namely a closing element (50) and an opening element (60). In order to obtain a compact lock, both drive elements (50, 60) are arranged on a common drive wheel (40) with a mutual axial offset. Moreover, the closing element (50) is movable relative to the opening element (60) in two rotation planes which are axially offset relative to one another. A carrier (14) is also provided on the rotary latch (10), in the plane of the closing element (50), while the catch (20) has a release finger (23) arranged in the plane of the opening element.

Abstract: An electric steering locking apparatus includes a cam plate (5) that rotates in an unlocking direction (R1) and a locking direction (R2) by driving operation of a motor unit, and a locking shaft (8) that follows a sliding surface (6) of the cam plate (5) and that moves between a locking position where the rotation of a steering shaft is prevented and an unlocking position where the rotation of the steering shaft is permitted. The cam plate (5) is set such that a rotation center (O) coincides with a center of gravity (G).

Abstract: A kit for a master keying system includes a plurality of replacement master racks. A rack removal key is provided for insertion into a keyway. The rack removal key has a first cut defining a first lift amount. A rack removal tool is provided for insertion into the keyway. The rack removal tool has a second cut defining a second lift amount, wherein the second lift amount is greater than the first lift amount.

Abstract: A lock cylinder that includes a housing defining a cylindrical cavity, and a plug disposed in the cylindrical cavity and rotatable between a locked position and an unlocked position. The plug includes a key slot and an inner pin chamber aligned with an outer pin chamber of the housing when the plug is in the locked position. An inner pin is disposed in the inner pin chamber for movement along an axis, and is engageable with the outer pin when the plug is in the locked position. The inner pin is engageable by a key inserted into the key slot, and includes an outer surface that defines a non-axial groove. An engagement member is supported by the plug and extends into the groove.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for improving bump resistance in pin tumbler locks include, in various embodiments, means provided within a tumbler passage for preventing or inhibiting the formation of a gap between a key pin and a drive pin. In a pin tumbler lock at least one passage contains damped biasing means operable to urge the pin set toward a key opening or keyway. In a pin tumbler lock at least one pin set includes a key pin, a drive pin, and a dummy pin, in which the key pin and the drive pin are dimensioned so that when the lock is at rest the drive pin crosses the shear line. Also, methods for improving attack resistance of pin tumbler locks include replacing a spring in a passage with damped biasing means; or replacing a pin set with a pin set including a key pin, a drive pin, and a dummy pin, in which the key pin and the drive pin are dimensioned so that when the lock is at rest the drive pin crosses the shear line.

Abstract: A method and device for measuring and adjusting the evenness and/or tension of a stainless steel strip (1) during cold rolling in a 4-roll stand (2) provided with at least one control loop (4) comprising several actuators (3), resulting in more precise measurement and adjustment due to the fact that an evenness defect (10) is determined by comparing a tension vector (8) with a predefined reference curve (9), whereupon the characteristic of the evenness defect (10) along the width of the strip is broken down into proportional tension vectors (8) in an analysis building block (11) in a mathematically approximated manner and the evenness defect proportions (C1 . . . Cx) determined by real numerical values are supplied to respectively associated control modules (12a; 12b) for actuation of the respective actuator (3).

Abstract: There is provided a flexible rolling machine operative to form a metal panel. The machine includes a frame and a series of rollers. The machine includes at least one primary bottom roller, at least one secondary bottom roller, and at least one top roller. Each roller includes a cylinder. The cylinder comprises a proximal portion that is coupled to the frame and a distal portion that is coupled to at least one rolling member. The individual cylinders have independently adjustable lengths. The machine further includes a non-contact measuring system operative to measure the panel.

Abstract: A swivel machine for wire processing has a coiler arranged between a cutting-off/insulation-stripping unit and a second swivel arm. The cut length of wire whose leading wire-end has been processed is coiled by a coiling disk of the coiler. After the leading wire-end of the cut length of wire has been processed, it is grasped by the coiler. A belt drive then advances the wire by the desired length of the cut length of wire, and the coiler coils the advanced wire simultaneously into a coil. After the coiling operation, a linearly movable stacker unit grasps the coil, and the coiling disk releases the coil. After the trailing wire-end has been processed, the stacker unit moves further in the wire-advance direction to the deposit. While the trailing wire-end is being processed, and while traveling to the deposit, the coil is provided with a bind.

Abstract: A method of preparing a sheet of material for bending along a bend line comprising the step of forming of at least one displacement in the thickness direction of the sheet of material with a portion of the periphery of the displacement closest to the bend line providing an edge and opposed face configured in position to produce edge-to-face engagement of the sheet on opposite sides of the periphery during bending. The forming step is preferably accomplished using one of a stamping process, a punching process, a roll-forming process and an embossing process. A sheet of material suitable for bending using the process also is disclosed, as are the use of coatings, shin guards and displacing the area of the sheet between bending inducing slits.

Abstract: In a method for cold-working a piping component (10) with a pipe branch (16), particularly a valve housing of stainless steel, the pipe branch (16) is provided its length and final bore by forcing at least one ball or a drawing tool with partially spherical surface in direction from an inner cavity in the component and outwards. The inventive feature of the method is that before the drawing of an opening, there is performed clamping of the component (10) in a matrix tool composed of several parts (2, 4, 6, 8), the parts of the matrix tool fitting closely to the greater part of the external surfaces of the component, so that surfaces at the parts of the component to be cold-worked are fixed during the drawing operation. Thereby, the drawing action will not distort the external or adjacent parts of the component or change the dimensions of the component, and control of the form and dimensions of the component is provided during the drawing action.

Abstract: A curved surface forming apparatus includes a first member to be curved; a second member which is placed with a distance from the first member and holds the first member; and a pressurizing mechanism which pressurizes the first member and the second member to curve at least a part of the first member toward at least the second member.

Abstract: A device and method are provided for correcting a requested volume of liquid to aspirate/dispense by a liquid-handling pipette based on the requested volume and/or a physical condition at the pipene. The pipette includes a piston drive mechanism configured to contact a piston assembly and move a piston rod of the piston assembly within a tip holder thereby causing regulation of an amount of liquid in the tip holder. The method includes selecting a requested volume at a pipette, the requested volume representing the amount of liquid to regulate, calculating a correction volume using a volume characterization, wherein the volume characterization characterizes a difference in the amount of the liquid regulated in the tip holder as a function of the requested volume, and displaying the correction volume to a user of the pipette thereby regulating the requested volume of liquid in the tip holder. The volume characterization is determined using a calibration process.

Abstract: The present invention is directed towards inexpensive and reliable devices and methods for testing the calibration of torque wrenches.

Abstract: A liquid level sensor system actuated by a column pressure includes a hollow member having a distal open end adapted to be positioned into a liquid reservoir to a depth below a liquid surface level, and a sensor head unit. The sensor head unit is responsive to the column pressure to provide an indication of a liquid level in the reservoir.

Abstract: A system for determining gas content in an enclosed atmosphere (6) is provided. The system for determining gas content includes a window unit (2, 4) having an enclosed atmosphere and an oxygen sensing material (8) disposed in the enclosed atmosphere. The oxygen sensing material detects a level of oxygen in the enclosed atmosphere. A non-invasive sensor (10) reads the oxygen sensitive material to determine the level of gases within the enclosed atmosphere.

Abstract: A gas sensor, in particular for determining the oxygen content in exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, having a housing, a sensor element having a multi-layer design which is situated in the housing, and connecting lines lead to the outside for contacting the sensor element. A contacting element of a connecting line penetrates a layer of the sensor element and part of an insulating element situated outside the sensor element. For contacting the sensor element, such a contact configuration makes it possible to directly contact the contacting element of the connecting line, which may be arranged as a contacting pin, to the printed conductor which is formed inside the sensor element.

Abstract: An engine knock detection system for a vehicle engine includes a controller receiving an input indicative of strain applied to an engine component and an output for providing a signal indicative of engine knock. A sensor may be associated with the engine that measures operating parameters of the engine (i.e., strain, for example) to allow the controller to detect and identify engine knock. The sensor may include a Surface-Acoustic Wave (SAW) sensor, such as, for example, a double-SAW sensor that concurrently detects engine torque.