Abstract: An apparatus for liquid chromatography which detects ingredients by an electrolytic device, wherein the apparatus can detect many kinds of substances in high sensitivity by making possible to apply a wider range of electrolyzing voltage than former apparatus. The electrolytic device provided in the apparatus for liquid chromatography has a working electrode which is formed an electrically conductive diamond film on at least one side surface of an electrically conductive plate, a spacer plate of electrical insulating material which is 0.05 to 0.5 mm in thickness and has a hole, and a counter electrode which is facing to the diamond-formed surface of the working electrode while being put the spacer between the electrodes. Furthermore, an eluate inlet hole, an eluate outlet hole and a reference electrode are opened to a cavity formed by the hole of the spacer plate, and the eluate in the electrolytic device is pressurized to 1.0 to 15.0 kg/cm2.

Abstract: The present invention is embodied in a tensiometer apparatus and process that employs novel techniques for performing the required routine service operation of refilling a sealable measurement chamber of the apparatus with liquid from a reservoir using a novel, piston-type, “jet-action” plunger mechanism. These novel techniques result in a tensiometer which is easier to use, requires no tools for assembly or replacement of parts, and is easier and lower cost to manufacture and maintain. These novel techniques also result in a tensiometer which has improved measurement sensitivity and accuracy, higher reliability and a longer operating lifetime than conventional tensiometers.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for analysis of a sample. The method includes an accessing operation for accessing a region of the sample via a tip of at least one probe mounted on a cantilever. A removing operation removes a sample material from the region that is accessed by the tip of the at least one probe mounted on the cantilever. A sensing operation senses a parameter associated to the removal of the sample material in the removing operation. The accessing, removing, and sensing operations are repeated to facilitate removal of at least one layer of the sample.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods of measuring an aircraft under simulated flight-loads while the aircraft is not in-flight. While the aircraft is under the simulated flight-loads, positions of one or more portions of the aircraft may be measured in order to determine how the aircraft is performing under such loads. The aircraft may be readjusted and/or redesigned based on the measurements in order to reduce drag on the aircraft.

Abstract: A method for crosswind velocity measurement including using a correlation between the atmosphere turbulence strength and the spatial scale spectrum of turbulence eddies in the atmosphere to calculate wind velocity.

Abstract: A mass flow sensor is manufactured by a process of carrying out a micro-machining process on an N or lightly doped P-type silicon substrate with orientation <100>. This mass flow sensor comprises a central thin-film heater and a pair of thin-film heat sensing elements, and a thermally isolated membrane for supporting the heater and the sensors out of contact with the substrate base. The mass flow sensor is arranged for integration on a same silicon substrate to form a one-dimensional or two-dimensional array in order to expand the dynamic measurement range. For each sensor, the thermally isolated membrane is formed by a process that includes a step of first depositing dielectric thin-film layers over the substrate and then performing a backside etching process on a bulk silicon with TMAH or KOH or carrying out a dry plasma etch until the bottom dielectric thin-film layer is exposed.

Abstract: A liquid level sensor system actuated by a column pressure includes a hollow member having a distal open end adapted to be positioned into a liquid reservoir to a depth below a liquid surface level, and a sensor head unit. The sensor head unit is responsive to the column pressure to provide an indication of a liquid level in the reservoir. A flow restrictor is positioned to dampen instantaneous differential column pressure changes presented to the bellows member while permitting steady state column pressure to be communicated to the bellows member.

Abstract: A liquid level sensor system actuated by a column pressure includes a hollow member having a distal open end adapted to be positioned into a liquid reservoir to a depth below a liquid surface level, and a sensor head unit. The sensor head unit is responsive to the column pressure to provide an indication of a liquid level in the reservoir. A low liquid level alarm circuit is responsive to the bellows member to generate a signal indicative of a low liquid level state.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a sensing device, wherein a hemispherical container containing a liquid dielectric, and the hemispherical container has more than two pairs of electrodes, and the liquid dielectric can trigger the conduction states of the electrodes. A corrosion-resistant material envelops the container. A precision valve is arranged in the container and used to adjust the level of the liquid dielectric and the sensitivity of the sensing device. A buffer necking part is also arranged in the container and used to prevent from non-expected vibration-induced contact between the electrodes and the liquid dielectric. A leakage-proof detection device envelops the hemispherical container, the liquid dielectric, the precision valve, and the buffer necking part and functions to prevent from the leakage of the liquid dielectric. Thus, the present invention can provide an adjustable multi-directional tilt-sensing device for level control.

Abstract: A shroud for a water meter is disclosed, comprising a body and a cover. The body of the shroud comprises a base having an aperture and upstanding side walls, which define a cavity for receiving the water meter. The shroud is captively retained around the water meter preventing the removal of the water meter from its mounting.

Abstract: A vibration state detecting method at a machining stage of a work and/or tool, includes the steps of mounting the work and/or tool on a predetermined rotational device and measuring a deviation size and/or deviation average speed corresponding to each rotational number of the work and/or tool; presetting the deviation size and/or the deviation average speed measured by using the rotational device, a vibration amplitude and/or vibration average speed when each machine tool having a work and/or tool mounted thereon is rotated, with a common unbalance amount and at a rotational speed, and proportional fixed number of both thereof; and calculating a vibration amplitude and/or vibration average speed corresponding to each number of rotations when the work and/or tool is mounted on each machine tool by using a measurement value of the deviation size and/or deviation average speed of using rotational device, and the proportional fixed number.

Abstract: The invention relates to a measuring device comprising a transmitter (1) for measuring a position and/or a rotational speed of a rotary element (2), a housing (3), and a plate (4) comprising a recess for receiving a transmitter (1), the transmitter (1) being rotatably arranged in relation to the plate (4). The transmitter (1), the plate (4) and the housing (3) are arranged in such a way that when the housing (3) is connected to the base body (5), the housing (3) presses the plate (4) against the base body (5). In this way, the transmitter (1) is pressed against the base body and the housing is pressed against the plate. The invention also relates to a method for fixing a housing of the above-mentioned measuring device. The angular position of the housing can be modified independently of the angular position of the transmitter in relation to a base body.

Abstract: Structures and methods for frequency shifting rotational harmonics in MEMS devices are disclosed. An illustrative MEMS device can include a substrate, a sense electrode coupled to the substrate, and a proof mass adjacent to the sense electrode. A number of non-uniformly dispersed holes or openings on the proof mass can be configured to alter the distribution of mass within the proof mass. During operation, the presence of the holes or openings alters the frequency at which the proof mass rotates about a centerline in a rotational mode, reducing the introduction of harmonics into the drive and sense systems.

Abstract: A sensor adapted for measuring acceleration, the sensor including a light source for illuminating an optical cavity; the optical cavity oriented for receiving light from the source, the optical cavity comprising a quality factor greater than or equal to about 10,000; and a photodetector for measuring a resonant frequency of light emitted from the optical cavity.

Abstract: An assembly for positioning a torque sensor having a receiver and a transmitter is provided. The assembly includes a first annular member, wherein the receiver is coupled to the first annular member. A second annular member is disposed proximate the first annular member. A bearing assembly is disposed between the first annular member and the second annular member. The bearing assembly includes a first race formed to the first annular member, a second race formed to the second annular member, and a bearing disposed between the first race and the second race for allowing the first race and the second race to rotate relative to one another. A radially extending member is coupled to the second race. The receiver is radially displaced from the bearing assembly and the transmitter is mounted to a mounting surface of the radially extending member opposite the receiver at a predefined axial distance.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a semiconductor acceleration sensor capable of sensing accelerations in two directions parallel to the surface of a diaphragm and orthogonal to each other with respective proper sensitivities. There is constructed a semiconductor acceleration sensor 10 constituted of diaphragm pieces 13a to 13d extending from the center of the diaphragm surface to a wafer outer-circumferential frame section 12a, respectively, along an X axis direction and a Y axis direction orthogonal to each other. On the upper surface of the diaphragm pieces, there are formed piezo resistors Rx1 to Rx4, Ry1 to Ry4, Rz1 to Rz4. In the diaphragm pieces 13a and 13b disposed on a single line along the X axis direction and the diaphragm pieces 13c and 13d disposed on a single line along the Y axis direction, the areas of cross section orthogonal to the axis are set according to a maximum value of acceleration, respectively, in the X axis direction or Y axis direction.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for testing flow noise of a motor vehicle are provided. The apparatus includes a blast nozzle device having at least one blast nozzle, and a transport device. The blast nozzle device is designed for the targeted impingement of the outer skin of the motor vehicle by air flow, and the transport device is designed such that the blast nozzle device and the motor vehicle may be moved relative to one another. A microphone array is positioned in the interior of the motor vehicle and measures the flow noise in the interior of the motor vehicle. The microphone array is preferably a spherical array. The flow noise in the interior of the motor vehicle generated by the air flow is measured by use of the microphone array.

Abstract: A system for ultrasonic profiling of a weld sample includes a carriage movable in opposite first and second directions. An ultrasonic sensor is coupled to the carriage to move over the sample as the carriage moves. An encoder determines the position of the carriage to determine the position of the sensor. A spring is connected at one end of the carriage. Upon the carriage being moved in the first direction toward the spring such that the carriage and the sensor are at a beginning position and the spring is compressed the spring decompresses to push the carriage back along the second direction to move the carriage and the sensor from the beginning position to an ending position. The encoder triggers the sensor to take the ultrasonic measurements of the sample when the sensor is at predetermined positions while the sensor moves over the sample between the beginning and positions.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for evaluating NVH characteristics of a mechanical system including a torque-transmitting assembly having drive and driven members drivingly engaging each other. The torque-transmitting assembly is characterized by transmission error between the drive and driven members. The method comprises the steps of measuring a parameter representing NVH characteristics of the mechanical system during operation thereof upon a predetermined test cycle so as to obtain at least one NVH characteristic corresponding to at least two discrete values of the transmission error. The apparatus comprises a supporting member mounted to a casing for rotatably supporting the drive member and being axially movable relative to the casing so as to selectively adjust the transmission error, and an actuator assembly operatively associated with the supporting member for selectively adjusting position of the supporting member relative to the casing in order to selectively control the transmission error.

Abstract: The object of this invention is to provide a method of maintaining a multi-tubular reactor which can ensure the uniformity of states of reaction in the reaction tubes in the multi-tubular reactor. This invention is a method of maintaining a multi-tubular reactor in good condition by selecting a part of reaction tubes in a multi-tubular reactor at random, measuring a differential pressure occurring in each reaction tube when passing gas therethrough, separating any reaction tube showing an abnormal differential pressure as compared with the average of differential pressures in reaction tubes packed with an fresh catalyst of the same kind, giving adequate treatment to the separated reaction tube and returning it into the reactor with any other selected reaction tube falling within a normal range.

Abstract: A pressure gauge includes a core, a first dial, a first hand, a second dial, a second hand and a gear system. The core includes a body, a joint connected to the body and a Bourdon tube connected to the body. The first dial is connected to a side of the core for showing a large range of pressure. The first hand is located on the first dial. The second dial is connected to an opposite side of the core for showing a small range of pressure. The second hand is located on the second dial. The gear system connects the Bourdon tube to the first and second hands.

Abstract: A stability sensing and load monitoring system for wheeled vehicles, in particular for the construction and agricultural industries, is disclosed. The system is based on strain sensors mounted on each wheel such that the measured strain represents the load on this wheel. A power source and a local wheel controller are located near the strain sensors. The data from the strain sensors is processed by the local wheel controller and then wirelessly transmitted to a single central unit, located in the cabin. The central controller communicates with all four local wheel controllers, collects the data, and then processes it to calculate the total load on the vehicle, its center of gravity, and the stability status.

Abstract: A system and method to expand capabilities of simulation and durability testing of a specimen under test utilizing a virtual signal that is generated by combining the actual measured signal from a transducer with a supplemental or simulated signal created by a function based on position, load or another known or measurable parameter. This virtual signal may then be inserted into a control loop to adapt the system to this new, calculated or combined signal.

Abstract: An ultrasonic flow rate meter and a method for measuring the flow rate with the aid of ultrasound are described, having at least two ultrasonic transducers situated offset in a flow channel in the flow direction for transmitting and receiving ultrasound wave packets, so that ultrasound propagation times from one of the ultrasonic transducers to the other, and vice-versa, can be determined in an electronic part, and having a pressure sensor associated with the flow channel for determining the pressure in the flow channel. Measured values for an engine control that is as accurate as possible are determinable by accurately detecting the incoming air in the intake of a motor vehicle internal combustion engine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a plastic ultrasonic measurement section (1) used for the flow measurement of fluids. It is equipped with two ultrasonic transmitting and receiving transducers (2, 3) spaced in the fluid flow direction and is characterized in that the sound is guidable in Z-shaped manner between the transmitting and receiving transducers (2, 3) by means of at least two reflectors (4). A description is given of a corresponding measurement method and a method for the one-piece production of a measurement section (1) by injection moulding.

Abstract: A flow switch uses an analog-to-digital converter combined with a multiplexer to measure voltages at one or more points of a measurement circuit and an algorithm within a microcontroller to calculate flow velocity. The measurement circuit has at least one sensor in the fluid stream. The sensor is heated by passing an electric current through the sensor. A second optional upstream sensor is not heated and is at the fluid temperature. The microcontroller then uses the voltage measurements with calibration information and equations based on the desired mode of operation to calculate the flow velocity.

Abstract: A method and a device for removing high priority samples from a primary conveyor and transferring such samples directly to an analyzer's sampling location even if other samples have been previously removed from the conveyor and are in a queue to be analyzed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a test lever system (1) for monitoring the traction behavior of a transport system (2), particularly an elevator system, comprising a test lever (8) which consists of a load arm (14) and a force arm (13). A discharge in the form of a monitoring force is introduced by means of the test lever (8), via a carrier cable securing device, into a cable which is to be tested.

Abstract: A probe holder system for fixing a probe to a housing wall, wherein it is possible to provide a simple structure and position the probe as accurately and easily as possible in relation to a measuring object. According to the invention, a housing bushing provided with an inner thread and a carrier rod for the probe, which can be screwed into the threaded bushing, are provided. The threaded bushing can be placed in a reference position in an associated recess of the housing wall and can be arrested by means of a locking element.

Abstract: The invention relates to a connecting flange for analytical instruments for investigating a fluid flowing in a pipeline, having a disk-shaped installation ring which comprises two substantially planar end surfaces, an outer jacket surface and a inner jacket surface which defines an axial passage, the installation ring having at least one radial drillhole opening into the outer jacket surface, to which an analytical instrument can be connected and the process for installing the instruments. The invention also relates to an analytical probe having such an analytical instrument, and also to the use of this analytical probe in a process for preparing alkyl (meth)acrylates by reacting (meth)acrylic acid with alkanols.

Abstract: Gyroscope apparatus (100) having a compact size is disclosed herein. The apparatus (100) comprises a flywheel (402) having a centre cavity (401) and being arranged to be rotated about a Z-axis. The apparatus (100) further includes two motors (300, 350) and a gear assembly (200) driven by the two motors and arranged to rotate two shafts (102, 104) disposed along the Z-axis, thus rotating the flywheel about a Y-axis which is orthogonal to the Z-axis. Since flywheel (402) is disposed around the motors (300, 350) and the gear assembly (200), the apparatus can be made very compact.

Abstract: A drive apparatus for converting a substantially linear driving force to a rotary propulsive force, the apparatus including a power assembly for accepting a substantially linear drive force and converting said substantially linear drive force to a rotary propulsive force.

Abstract: In a drive device for opening and or closing the hatch of a motor vehicle, the drive including a spindle drive with a threaded spindle and a nut, with a clutch arranged between the rotary drive and the spindle drive, the clutch includes a shifting element, a clutch element, and a clutch disk non-rotatably connected to the threaded spindle. The shifting element is rotatably drivably connected to the rotary drive. The shifting element has an axially oriented helical first ramp and the clutch element has an axially oriented helical second ramp in opposed contact with said first ramp. Relative rotation of the shifting element and the clutch element causes relative axial displacement of the shifting element and the clutch element against a spring force. The clutch element has a clutch area movable into non-rotatable engagement with the clutch disk in response to the relative axial displacement of the shifting element and the clutch element such that the rotary drive for the spindle drive also operates the clutch.

Abstract: An actuating mechanism, particularly for a disc brake caliper, including a screw actuator having a screw 40 and a nut 18 threadably coupled together, an electric drive for driving one of the screw 40 and the nut 18 axially relative to the other and including a stator 20 and a rotor 22, a sleeve assembly including a generally cylindrical sleeve 25 interposed between the rotor 22 and the nut 18 and supporting the rotor 22 for rotation relative to the sleeve 25. The rotor 22 is connected to one of the screw 40 or the nut 18 for rotating the screw 40 or the nut 18. The screw actuator being at least partly mounted within the sleeve 25 and being arranged to bear against a portion of the sleeve assembly to transmit axial thrust to the sleeve assembly, and the sleeve assembly cooperating with an abutment to transmit the axial thrust to the abutment.

Abstract: A device for connecting, in a rotationally fixed manner, a shaft to at least one component which is rotationally supported on the shaft, such as a gear wheel of a gear in a transmission. The device includes an actuating element that is rotationally fixed, but axially slides on the shaft, such that when the element is actuated by an actor, the element actively, frictionally communicates with the component to at least approximately equalize a rotational speed difference, between the component and the shaft. The actuating element can be actuated by the actor with a force to frictionally connect the component to the shaft in a rotationally fixed manner. The device further includes a holding device, which retains the actuating element in a shift condition essentially equivalent to the rotationally fixed condition of the component without further actuation of the actor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a bearing arrangement of the transmission shafts of a twin-clutch transmission (1) which has a central first input shaft (W1) connected at the engine-side with a first clutch (K1) of the twin-clutch arrangement, a shorter second input shaft (W2) designed as a hollow shaft which is co-axially disposed on the first input shaft (W1) and is connected with a second clutch (K2) of the twin-clutch arrangement and a main shaft (W3) arranged parallel to the two input shafts (W1, W2) and can be selectively connected by way of a plurality of gear wheel stages each of which comprises one fixed wheel and one loose wheel, and a shift clutch coordinated with the respective loose wheel can be connected with the first input shaft (W1) and the second input shaft (W2) and the drive constant (K) formed by two fixed wheels is connected with an output shaft (W4) disposed parallel to the main shaft (W3), wherein each of the two input shafts (W1, W2) is coordinated with a plurality of toothed gearwheels, whe

Abstract: A rotation drive unit having a first reduction mechanism of traction transmission system comprising a drive roller attached to a drive shaft and a driven roller attached to a driven shaft, and a second reduction mechanism of gear transmission system comprising a drive gear attached to the drive shaft and a driven gear attached to the driven shaft. The first reduction mechanism generates a braking effort while making slippage between the rollers during transmission of a rotational driving force from the drive shaft, and exerts a torque load on the second reduction mechanism of the gear transmission system. Since this unit transmits the rotational driving force via the first reduction mechanism while exerting the load upon the second reduction mechanism, it provides a satisfactory and reliable speed-reducing function as well as reliable and accurate transmission of the rotational driving force even if equipped with a plurality of driven shafts coupled to the single drive shaft.

Abstract: An actuator comprises a rack arranged to be driven for movement by a rotatable pinion the rack having at least a first region having a first pitch circle diameter and a second region having a second, different, pitch circle diameter, and movable support means for supporting the rack for movement.

Abstract: An actuator in one embodiment includes a threaded shaft; a shaft engaging portion coupled to the threaded shaft, the shad engaging portion being moveable in a direction parallel to an axis of the threaded shaft upon a relative rotation between the threaded shaft and the shaft engaging portion; and a ceramic bushing coupled to the shaft engaging portion, the bushing encircling the threaded shaft.

Abstract: A turn-actuator possesses a rotatably placed driven element, which turns about an axis of rotation and has at least a first and a second tensile element of a shape memory alloy. The first and second tensile elements are affixed to the driven element, whereby the directions of rotation from torques generated by the contractions of the first and the second tensile elements act upon the driven element in opposite directions.

Abstract: A shifting device (1), for the transmission of shifting commands to a vehicle gearbox includes a housing (2) and/or a frame, a selector lever (4), transmitting shift commands to the gearbox. A knob (3) provides a grip for the hand of the vehicle driver. An adapter (7) is provided for the knob (3) with an integrated switch (5a). The adapter is fitted to the selector lever (4) and forms a connection point between the selector lever (4) and the knob (3). The shifting device (1) is provided for assembly in a motor vehicle and, preferably after fitting of the shifting device (1), a shifting gate is placed over the selector lever (4).

Abstract: An industrial robot has a base for installation, a first arm, a second arm, a third arm, a wire feeder, a welding torch, and a torch cable. The first arm rotates with respect to the base. The second arm pivots with respect to the first arm. The third arm pivots with respect to the second arm. The torch cable is coupled to the wire feeder and feeds a welding wire to a welding torch. The wire feeder is provided to the second arm and is rotatable around a rotation axis.

Abstract: A small end member constituting a small end, a column member constituting a column portion, and a big end member constituting a big end of a connecting rod are formed as separate members. In addition, the small end member and the big end member are each made of a high-rigidity material, and the column member is made of a high-strength material. These members are integrally bonded by liquid phase diffusion bonding, thus providing a connecting rod that can achieve suppression of stress concentration.

Abstract: A clutch driving structure coupled to a driving motor comprises a retarder (3), a clutch (4), an electronic pedometer (5), and a door position controller (6) mounted inside a housing (2) on the driving motor (1). By coupling the above-mentioned components with the driving motor (1), the transmission apparatus of the roller door is provided with convenient disassembly and maintenance. Besides, the conventional components for controlling and switching the clutch are integrated into the driving motor to constitute the transmission mechanism, and a wireless controller is also applied to obviate the manual clutch control and provide the simple, quick, accurate, and secure control.

Abstract: A hydraulic power transmission device in a work vehicle transmits motive power from two hydraulic motors disposed in parallel to each other. The hydraulic power transmission device includes: a case; a first motor shaft and a second motor shaft respectively disposed in a right-side area and in a left-side area inside the case, each linked to one of the two hydraulic motors; a counter shaft disposed in an area ranging between the first motor shaft and the second motor shaft in the case; an output shaft; a first transmission mechanism that transmits motive power from the first motor shaft to the output shaft via the counter shaft; a second transmission mechanism that transmits motive power from the second motor shaft to the output shaft; and a hydraulic clutch device disposed at the counter shaft, that transmits the motive power from the first motor shaft to the output shaft or cuts off transmission of the motive power.

Abstract: An actuator assembly for a welding gun is provided that has at least three positions in the example. The actuator assembly includes separate working and retract actuators. The working actuator includes a working rod movable between first and second positions. The retract actuator includes a retract rod independently movable relative to the working rod between third and fourth positions. The retract actuator is external to and non-concentrically arranged relative to the working actuator in the example shown. Actuation of the working and retract actuators is coordinated to provide at least three positions while enabling the actuators to be changed or modified independently from one another. A latching device is configured to selectively interlock the working and retract actuators to one another automatically in response to movement the working rod from the first position to the second position.

Abstract: A process for treating particulate material containing heavy metal generated during a manufacturing process is disclosed. The process includes providing particulate material containing heavy metal within an enclosed area and mixing an additive of calcium silicate forming material with the particulate material in the enclosed area to create an additive-particulate material. The additive-particulate material can be passed into a waste collection device located downstream of the enclosed area. The calcium silicate forming material can be provided as particles with a particle size of minus 50 to plus 325 mesh. An additional aspect of the invention is an additive for use in such a process for treating metallic oxide impregnated dust, which has a particle size of plus 325 mesh and consists essentially of calcium silicate forming material.

Abstract: A method for producing a metal powder product involves: Providing a supply of a precursor metal powder; combining the precursor metal powder with a liquid to form a slurry; feeding the slurry into a pulsating stream of hot gas; and recovering the metal powder product.

Abstract: A method for the gas atomisation of melts comprises delivering of molten material into an atomising vessel (3); impinging the molten material, with a jet of heated atomising gas; and delivering the subsequently solidified, atomised particles of the formerly molten material suspended in the atomising gas to a cyclone (8) for transfer to a receiving vessel (12); wherein gas extracted from the atomising vessel (3) is cooled from its extraction temperature and then at least a proportion of this cooled gas, is re-circulated and re-introduced into the atomising vessel (3). The invention also includes apparatus for carrying out the above defined method.

Abstract: A titanium halide and, optionally, other precursor halides compound are reduced to a predetermined titanium product, suitably at or near ambient conditions. Titanium tetrachloride, for example, is added to an anhydrous liquid reaction medium containing one or more alkali metals or alkaline earth metals as reductants. The metal reductants are dispersed as very small globules in the liquid by cavitation of the liquid reaction medium, such as by application of high intensity ultrasonic vibrations or high-shear mixing to the reaction vessel. Continued cavitation of the liquid medium affects relatively low temperature reduction of the precursor halide(s) to produce a titanium-containing product such as titanium metal, a titanium alloy or compound, or a titanium matrix-ceramic composite material, or the like.