Abstract: This optical encoder includes a light emitting section and a plurality of light receiving elements placed so as to be aligned in one direction in an area where a light beam from the light emitting section may reach. A moving object includes a light-ON section, a light-OFF section and an index pattern section. The light receiving element outputs a first light receiving signal when the light-ON section and the light-OFF section of the moving object pass through a predetermined position corresponding to the light receiving element. The light receiving element outputs a second light receiving signal when the index pattern section of the moving object passes through a predetermined position corresponding to the light receiving element.

Abstract: A camera obtains an observation image of a sample by capturing the image of the sample on which an ultraviolet light generated by a light source device is irradiated. An image processing unit of a controlling device generates a synthesis observation image of the sample based on a plurality of observation images of the sample, which are obtained by being captured by the camera in the same field of view with switching of the wavelength band of the ultraviolet light irradiated on the sample. A display unit of the controlling device displays the image generated by the image processing unit.

Abstract: An exemplary X-ray imaging apparatus includes an X-ray source, a phosphor layer, an optical leveling element, an image sensor, an image processor, and a display. The optical leveling element includes a plurality of lenses formed thereon. A refractive index of the plurality of the lenses progressively increases from a center of the optical leveling element to a periphery of the optical leveling element. The X-ray source is configured for emitting X-rays towards an object. The phosphor layer is configured for converting the X-rays to visible light. The phosphor layer is disposed between the X-ray source and the optical leveling element. The image sensor is configured for sensing the visible light passing through the optical leveling element, and thus capturing an image of the object. The display is electrically connected with the image processor and configured for displaying the image of the object.

Abstract: A clutch mechanism for a slurry valve, wherein the slurry valve has a valve seat for seating a valve closure member carried on a valve stem, a drive member threadably engaged with the valve stem, the drive member being rotatable relative to the valve stem to axially move the valve stem and closure member relative to the valve seat to open and close the slurry valve, and a driving means for rotating the drive member, the clutch mechanism comprising: a clutch body having an internally threaded bore for threadably receiving the valve stem; and clamping means actuable with the clutch body for clamping the clutch body to the driving means so as to lock the valve stem and drive member together and allow them to rotate in unison to grind scale from the valve seat and valve closure member when they are positioned against each other.

Abstract: The invention provides an actuator for moving a threaded valve stem along a longitudinal axis to selectively open or close a valve. The actuator comprises a carrier rotatably mounted within a housing. A portion of the carrier has a bore threaded to receive the threaded valve stem. The actuator further comprises a gear arrangement configured for transmitting a rotational force to the carrier. A cylindrical operator rotatably mounted to the housing has a plurality of splines on its circumference and is configured for receiving a rotational input force from a drive mechanism. An annular collar slidably disposed around the operator rotates with the operator but can slide longitudinally along the operator between a first position in which it engages the gear arrangement and a second position in which it engages the carrier.

Abstract: A sleeve has an input port, an output port, an insertion hole, and only one discharge port. A spool is axially slidable through the insertion hole to communicate among the input port, the output port, and the discharge port. An electric actuator is provided to one end of the sleeve and has a variable volume chamber, which communicates with the discharge port through an axial through hole and a spool breathing hole in the spool. The spool has a communication through hole to lead fluid from the output port to the discharge port through the axial through hole. A passage partition member is in the axial through hole to define an in-spool breathing passage communicating with the spool breathing hole.

Abstract: The present invention provides a slit valve for sealing an opening in a chamber, wherein the slit valve includes a door having an interior and an exterior surface. A sealing member is disposed on the interior surface of the door near a periphery of the interior surface of the door, and a portion of the interior surface extends outwardly from the door and into the chamber so as to disrupt a flow of chemicals flowing towards the sealing member from within the chamber.

Abstract: The invention relates to a valve device comprising a valve body defining a fluid flow duct having a throttle element disposed therein and turned about its axis by actuator means via a drive shaft, the throttle element having an internal cavity defined by a circular wall that is open in its bottom portion. The circular wall also presents, over a portion of its periphery, an opening of varying shape so as to define a fluid flow passage in the duct that is variable between a fully-open position in which the opening co-operates in full with the duct, and a fully-closed position in which said circular wall closes the duct. The device further includes an annular sealing gasket disposed in the flow duct, said gasket being in contact with the wall of the internal cavity in the throttle element.

Abstract: Butterfly valves are provided that include a flowbody, a butterfly plate, and a coating. The flowbody has an inner surface defining a channel. The butterfly plate is disposed in the channel, is rotationally mounted to the flowbody, and has an outer periphery. The coating is disposed on at least a portion of at least one of the flowbody inner surface and the butterfly plate outer periphery and is made of a material formulated to abrade upon friction contact with an adjacent surface and to maintain structural integrity when subjected to pneumatic forces of at least 600 psi.

Abstract: A ball valve having improved sealing between the valve member and the valve body is presented. Improved sealing is realized by providing a sealing member that is allowed to float on the outer surface of the valve member in the closed position. By being able to float on the outer surface, the sealing member can compensate for any variations in the valve member as a result of machining tolerances or variations in position of the valve member due to changes in pressure within the valve, thereby providing dynamic sealing The dynamic sealing is also provided by configuring the valve member such that it causes the sealing member to be exposed to a higher biasing force in the closed position than in the open position.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention includes a fluid control valve device having a valve portion and a bearing portion. The valve portion is constructed with a valve seat arranged within a valve housing and a valve body, which moves towards and away from the valve seat in an axial direction. The bearing portion is configured to accommodate a bearing and a seal. The bearing supports a valve shaft that extends together with the valve body. The seal is attached around a valve shaft in order to prevent fluid from entering the bearing portion. A surface of the valve shaft, at least a portion that slidably contacts the seal, may have a hydrophobic property. Peripheral grooves may be formed in an inner circumferential surface of the valve housing at a position proximal to the valve portion on an upstream side and/or a downstream side. The grooves open toward a side opposing to the valve seat in a flow direction.

Abstract: A faucet includes a first valve plate comprising a base material and a strengthening layer provided above the base material. An amorphous diamond material is provided above the strengthening layer. The amorphous diamond material has a coefficient of friction that is lower than that of diamond-like carbon and has a hardness that is greater than that of diamond-like carbon.

Abstract: Fluoroalkyl amidoalkyl alcohols of the formula are disclosed and their corresponding (meth)acrylate esters. These fluoroalkyl amidoalkyl (meth)acrylate monomers can be copolymerized with a wide variety of conventional ethylenically unsaturated monomers. The resulting copolymers are useful as water, oil- and grease-proofing agents for paper, textiles and hard surfaces such as masonry and wood.

Abstract: A method for producing a rubber compound wherein the mechanical properties thereof are improved. In particular, the rubber compound has an increased elongation at rupture and/or increased tensile strength and/or increased tear strength and also a reduced compression set (DVR). The rubber compound includes a rubber which has at least two functional groups which can be cross-linked by hydrosilylation, a cross-linking agent consisting of hydrosiloxane or a hydrosiloxane derivative or a mixture of several hydrosiloxanes or derivatives, which include at least two SiH-groups per molecule in the centre, a hydrosilylation catalyst system, at least one filling material and a coagent which can be cross-linked by hydrosilylation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to: Disclosed herein are 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-nonafluoro-1-hexene compositions for use in refrigeration and air conditioning systems, particularly in centrifugal compressor systems. Also disclosed are 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-nonafluoro-1-hexene in combination with hydrocarbons, which are azeotropic or near azeotropic.

Abstract: Antifreeze material typically for outdoor constructions, such as roads and the like, comprising a loose material of generally granular form and generally porous structure which does not degrade in the presence of water and does not immediately completely disaggregate when subjected to compressive action due to treading and/or tyre rolling thereon, and which is impregnated by a generally water-soluble antifreezing product.

Abstract: A reactive-separation process converts glycerin into lower alcohols, having boiling points less than 200° C., at high yields. Conversion of natural glycerin to propylene glycol through an acetol intermediate is achieved at temperatures from 150° to 250° C. at pressures from 1 and 25 bar. The preferred applications of the propylene glycol are as an antifreeze, deicing compound, or anti-icing compound. The preferred catalyst for this process in a copper-chromium.

Abstract: A heat transfer fluid comprised of glycerin. A method of using the heat transfer fluid to heat or cool an object. A method of using the heat transfer fluid in a heating or cooling system to heat or cool a building.

Abstract: Provided are several polishing compositions useful for modifying a surface, such as a semiconductor wafer suitable for fabrication of a semiconductor device, especially when used in fixed abrasive planarization techniques. The polishing compositions include a synergistic mixture of water, an oxidizing agent, a complexing agent, and metal ions. Also provided are various methods of surface planarization.

Abstract: Provided are several polishing compositions useful for modifying a surface, such as a semiconductor wafer suitable for fabrication of a semiconductor device, especially when used in fixed abrasive planarization techniques. The polishing compositions include a synergistic mixture of water, an oxidizing agent, a complexing agent, and metal ions. Also provided are various methods of surface planarization.

Abstract: This invention provides compositions which comprise at least one aromatic secondary diamine having a Gardner color number no more than about 6. The aromatic secondary diamine either is in the form of one benzene ring having two secondary amino groups on the ring, or is in the form of two benzene rings connected by an alkylene bridge and having one secondary amino group on each ring. At least one N,N?-dihydrocarbylhydroxylamine is optionally present in the composition. Processes for producing such compositions are also provided.

Abstract: A composition comprises a first polymeric material having a melt viscosity of 0.15 kNsm?2 or less and liquid crystal polymer. The first polymeric material is preferably a polyaryletherketone. A composite material which comprises high levels of fillers in combination with the aforementioned composition is also described.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium based on a mixture of polar compounds which comprises at least one compound of the formula (I) in which R11, R12 and Z1 have the meanings indicated in Claim 1, and to the use thereof for an active-matrix display based on the ECB, FFS or IPS effect.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for obtaining hydrogen from natural gas which comprises (a) reacting the natural gas with a mixture of air and steam in a single reactor to obtain a gas comprising H2 and CO, (b) reacting the CO produced at a high temperature with steam to obtain a gas comprising H2 and CO2, and (c) reacting the CO which has not reacted in step (b) at a low temperature with steam to obtain a gas comprising H2 and CO2, characterized in that in step (a) the natural gas, the air and the steam are fed simultaneously and react on the same catalyst and in that the pressure used in steps (a) to (c) varies between 1 and 8 atm, as well as to a H2 production plant for carrying out the mentioned process.

Abstract: A conductive thermoplastic elastomer composition including a continuous phase and first and second uncontinuous phases. The continuous phase and the first and second uncontinuous phases form a sea-island structure; and the first and second uncontinuous phases independently forming island structures. In this structure, the continuous phase contains a composition (A) which is a mixture of a thermoplastic elastomer and a thermoplastic resin; the first continuous phase contains a rubber component (B) containing at least one of diene rubber and ethylene-propylene-diene rubber; and the second continuous phase contains an ethylene oxide-propylene oxide-allyl glycidyl ether copolymer containing an anion-containing salt having a fluoro group and a sulfonyl group (component (C)).

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a gallium containing zinc oxide with an improved heat ray shielding function while keeping high transparency to visible light rays. The present invention is directed to a gallium containing zinc oxide, which has a heat ray shielding function, a gallium content of in the range of 0.25 to 25% by weight, and a carrier electron density ne of 2×1020/cm3 or higher.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide an electrochemical device adopting lithium titanate as an active material and having a sufficient output characteristic. It is another object of the present invention to provide a production method of an electrode material, an electrode, and a production method of the electrode material, to be used for the device. There can be obtained an electrochemical device-oriented electrode material, containing 90% or more of lithium titanate, and having a bulk density of 1.5 g/cm3 or more and a volume resistivity of 16 ?·cm or less, by mixing the lithium titanate with an organic substance followed by heat treatment. Usage thereof allows for achievement of the objects.

Abstract: A method and coating used to prepare a photochromically-enabled bifocal ophthalmic lens. The coating is a high adhesive strength acrylate-based coating that contains a small quantity of a polycarbonate-based TPU. The coating is applied to produce an intermediate imbibable bifocal surface. A photochromic solution is subsequently imbibed by contact with the bifocal surface.

Abstract: Building material for use in the building industry. According to the invention, the building material comprises at least one thermochromic material which changes colour and/or transparency depending on a switching temperature, the colour and/or transparency changing occurring in the temperature range of the lower and/or upper processing temperature of the building material and/or the processing temperature of another building material to be processed with the claimed building material.

Abstract: A flame-retardant prepreg includes: a fibrous reinforcing material; and a flame-retardant composition having an epoxy equivalent weight ranging from 190-270g/eq, and including an epoxy resin, a flame-retardant inorganic agent, a thermoplastic resin, and a curing agent. The flame-retardant inorganic agent is in an amount ranging from 12 to 18 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the flame-retardant composition.

Abstract: A panel removal tool includes a plastic handle, a forked portion at a first end of said plastic handle, wherein said forked portion further comprises a fulcrum, and a blade portion at a second end of said plastic handle, said second end being opposite said first end.

Abstract: The collapsible pump jack includes a pole formed from a plurality of pipe segments having swaged ends that telescope into one another. An M-shaped base supports the pole in an upright position. A ratcheting chain hoist has a hook for attaching the hoist atop the pole. The chain has another hook for attachment to the vehicle being lifted out of a rut in the snow or other terrain. The base is foldable from an M-shape pole mounting position to a rectangular tube storage position to surround the pole segments for storage and transport. The collapsible pump jack provides a lightweight, compact, portable accessory for lifting an end of a snowmobile, ATV, or other off-road vehicle to extricate the vehicle when it is stuck in snow or rugged terrain.

Abstract: An engagement chain type hoisting and lowering device is disclosed, including a hoisting and lowering table attached to the upper end of hoisting and lowering driving engagement chains. The engagement chains are raised and lowered by a pair of hoisting and lowering sprockets driven by a driving motor. The driving motor is located in a peripheral area spaced apart from the lowest lowered position of the hoisting and lowering table. In so doing, the lowest position of the hoisting and lowering table is lowered, reducing the burden of loading and unloading items onto the hoisting and lowering table, and making maintenance safe and simple.

Abstract: An engagement chain type hoisting and lowering device is disclosed, having a hoisting and lowering table attached to the upper end of two or more pairs of hoisting and lowering driving engagement chains. A driving motor drives two pairs of hoisting and lowering sprockets which, in turn, raise or lower two pairs of hoisting and lowering driving engagement chains. By arranging two pairs of hoisting and lowering driving engagement chains on two opposed sides of the hoisting and lowering table, buckling of the hoisting and lowering driving engagement chains is suppressed, resulting in stable hoisting and lowering operations without slippage of articles on the hoisting and lowering table, and chain endurance is improved. The device is designed so that the lowest position of the hoisting and lowering table can be lower than the height of the peripherally located driving motor, for ease and safety of operation and maintenance.

Abstract: The invention provides a temporary fence including a barrier assembly comprising one or more posts (103), one or more fence panels (101) mounted thereon and one or more anchors (120) to anchor the posts consisting of two elements (112) that have a cleft (109) between them when assembled, there are also anchors (913) having a first post mounting (921) for the post of a first fence and a spaced apart second mounting (922) for a post of a second fence. Also there is a mounting bracket mounted on a post (916) of a first fence for receiving an upper portion of a second fence (920) an with attachment means at its distal end (924) from the first post such that when assembled the upper attached portion of the second fence is disposed generally vertically above a base portion of the second fence.

Abstract: A quantum coherent switch having a substrate formed from a density wave (DW) material capable of having a periodic electron density modulation or spin density modulation, a dielectric layer formed onto a surface of the substrate that is orthogonal to an intrinsic wave vector of the DW material; and structure for applying an external spatially periodic electrostatic potential over the dielectric layer.

Abstract: An integrated circuit includes a diode including a first polarity region and a second polarity region. The second polarity region contacts a bottom and sidewalls of the first polarity region. The integrated circuit includes a first electrode coupled to the diode, a second electrode, and resistivity changing material between the first electrode and the second electrode.

Abstract: An integrated circuit includes a vertical diode defined by crossed line lithography.

Abstract: An integrated circuit includes a contact and a first electrode coupled to the contact. The first electrode includes at least two electrode material layers. The at least two electrode material layers include different materials. The integrated circuit includes a second electrode and a resistivity changing material between the first electrode and the second electrode.

Abstract: Methods of fabricating integrated circuit memory cells and integrated circuit memory cells are disclosed. An integrated circuit memory cell can be fabricated by forming a cup-shaped electrode on sidewalls of an opening in an insulation layer and through the opening on an ohmic layer that is stacked on a conductive structure. An insulation filling member is formed that at least partially fills an interior of the electrode. The insulation filling member is formed within a range of temperatures that is sufficiently low to not substantially change resistance of the ohmic layer. A variable resistivity material is formed on the insulation filling member and is electrically connected to the electrode.

Abstract: Individually trapping, transferring, and assembling high-aspect-ratio semiconductor nanowires into arbitrary structures in a fluid environment. Nanowires with diameters as small as 20 nm and aspect ratios of above 100 can be trapped and transported in three dimensions, enabling the construction of nanowire architectures which may function as active photonic devices. Moreover, nanowire structures can now be assembled in physiological environments. In one aspect, nanowires are positioned to direct light to remote samples, reducing exposure of the overall sample to intense source illumination. A tunable nanowire probe for subwavelength imaging is also described utilizing efficient second harmonic generation (SHG) whose optical frequency conversion allows implementing subwavelength microscopes.

Abstract: A light-emitting diode includes a substrate, a compound semiconductor layer including a p-n junction-type light-emitting part formed on the substrate, an electric conductor disposed on the compound semiconductor layer and formed of an electrically conductive material optically transparent to the light emitted from the light-emitting part and a high resistance layer possessing higher resistance than the electric conductor and provided in the middle between the compound semiconductor layer and the electric conductor. In the configuration of a light-emitting diode lamp, the electric conductor and the electrode disposed on the semiconductor layer on the side opposite to the electric conductor across the light-emitting layer are made to assume an equal electric potential by means of wire bonding. The light-emitting diode abounds in luminance and excels in electrostatic breakdown voltage.

Abstract: Devices and methods of manufacturing; for emitting substantially white light using a photonic crystal are described. The photonic crystal has a lattice of air holes and is made from a substrate containing quantum dots. The substrate is etched with three defects that are optically coupled together so that each emits only certain frequencies of light. In combination, the defects can produce substantially white light. The parameters of the photonic crystal are dimensioned so as to cause the coupling between the defects to produce substantially white light.

Abstract: A semiconductor light emitting device is provided. The semiconductor light emitting device comprises: a first conductive semiconductor layer; an active layer on the first conductive semiconductor layer; a first quantum dot layer on the active layer; and a second conductive semiconductor layer on the first quantum dot layer.

Abstract: Provided is a semiconductor light emitting device. The semiconductor light emitting device comprises a first conductive type semiconductor layer, an active layer, and a second conductive type semiconductor layer. The active layer comprises a first active layer, a second active layer, an electron barrier layer on the first conductive type semiconductor layer. The first active layer and the second active layer comprise a quantum well layer and a quantum barrier layer. The electron barrier layer is formed between the first active layer and the second active layer. The second conductive type semiconductor layer is formed on the active layer.

Abstract: Provided is a semiconductor light emitting device. The semiconductor light emitting device comprises a first conductive type semiconductor layer, an active layer, and a second conductive type semiconductor layer. The active layer comprises a quantum barrier layer and a quantum well layer on the first conductive type semiconductor layer. An indium (In) composition ratio of the quantum well layer is changed in a graded manner. The second conductive type semiconductor layer is disposed on the active layer.

Abstract: Described is a Schottky diode using semi-conducting single-walled nanotubes (s-SWNTs) with titanium Schottky and platinum Ohmic contacts for high-frequency applications. The diodes are fabricated using angled evaporation of dissimilar metal contacts over an s-SWNT. The devices demonstrate rectifying behavior with large reverse-bias breakdown voltages of greater than ?15 V. In order to decrease the series resistance, multiple SWNTs are grown in parallel in a single device, and the metallic tubes are burnt-out selectively. At low biases, these diodes showed ideality factors in the range of 1.5 to 1.9. Modeling of these diodes as direct detectors at room temperature at 2.5 terahertz (THz) frequency indicates noise equivalent powers (NEP) comparable to that of the state-of-the-art gallium arsenide sold-state Schottky diodes, in the range of 10-13 W/square-root (?) Hz.

Abstract: There is provided an optical semiconductor device having a first optical semiconductor element including an InP substrate, a lower cladding layer formed on the InP substrate, a lower optical guide layer which is formed on the lower cladding layer and is composed of AlGaInAs, an active layer which is formed on the lower optical guide layer and has a multiple quantum well structure where a well layer and a barrier layer that is formed of AlGaInAs are alternately stacked, an upper optical guide layer which is formed on the active layer and is composed of InGaAsP, and an upper cladding layer formed on the upper optical guide layer.

Abstract: A high-performance semiconductor device having a channel region structured from a carbon nanotube (CNT) for reducing or minimizing a drain leakage current is provided. This semiconductor device includes, in addition to the CNT-formed channel region, a gate electrode formed to overlie the channel region with a gate insulation film sandwiched therebetween, and a pair of source and drain regions interposing the channel region therebetween. The source and drain regions have portions in contact with the channel region, which portions are made of a specific semiconductor material that is wider in energy band gap than the channel region.

Abstract: A switching element comprising: an insulative substrate; a first electrode and a second electrode provided on one surface of the insulative substrate; and an interelectrode gap which is provided between the first electrode and the second electrode, and which has a gap on the order of nanometers in which switching phenomenon of resistance occurs by applying predetermined voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the one surface of the insulative substrate contains nitrogen.