Abstract: The invention relates to a pneumatic tire having excellent mechanical properties by using a rubber composition containing a polybutadiene rubber having a high cis-1,4 bond content, a low vinyl bond content and proper number average molecular weight and molecular weight distribution, and more particularly to a pneumatic tire characterized in that a rubber composition including a polybutadiene with a cis-1,4 bond content of not less than 99.0% and a vinyl bond content of not more than 0.3% as measured by a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is used in any one of tire members.

Abstract: A method for producing rotomoulding polyethylene by fluidized bed gas phase polymerisation of ethylene and the improved rotomoulding polyethylene obtainable by the process.

Abstract: Polyorganosiloxane compositions crosslinkable by addition of Si-bonded hydrogen to aliphatic carbon-carbon multiple bonds which have extended pot life or are preparable as storage stable one component compositions including latent catalysts of specific platinum complexes.

Abstract: A polyol composition having a number average molecular weight of from about 1,000 to about3,000 Daltons is made up of (1) at least 55% by weight of a low monol polyoxypropylene polyol having a number average molecular weight of from about 1,000 to 12,000 Da and a degree of unsaturation less than or equal to 0.02 meq/g and (2) no more than 45% by weight of a polyol having a number average molecular weight of from about 400 to about 1,000 Da and a polydispersity index greater than1.1. This polyol composition is reacted with a diisocyanate, a polyisocyanate, an isocyanate-terminated prepolymer or an isocyanate-terminated quasi-prepolymer to produce polyurethanes, particularly, polyurethane elastomers having good physical and mechanical properties. Any of the known processes for producing polyurethanes, particularly, elastomers, including one-shot processes, may be used to produce polyurethanes in accordance with the present invention.

Abstract: An aromatic polymer containing aromatic polyamide structural units and aromatic carbohydrazide structural units at a specific ratio is disclosed. A film having a high Young's modulus, high elongation at break and low moisture absorption can be formed from such an aromatic polymer. Dehydration cyclization of a compound having a carbohydrazide structure can be conducted under mild conditions at low cost by causing the chemical reaction using a chemical which is selected from the acids and bases.

Abstract: An aromatic ether oligomer or polyaromatic ether comprising the formula: O—Arn; wherein Ar is an independently selected divalent aromatic radical; formed by reacting a dihydroxyaromatic with a dihaloaromatic; and wherein the reaction is performed in the presence of a copper compound and cesium carbonate. The polyaromatic ether is formed when neither the dihydroxyaromatic nor the dihaloaromatic is present in an excess amount. The aromatic ether oligomer is formed by using an excess of either dihydroxyaromatic or dihaloaromatic. A phthalonitrile monomer comprising the formula: formed by reacting a 3- or 4-nitrophthalonitrile with a hydroxy-terminated aromatic ether oligomer. A thermoset formed by curing the phthalonitrile monomer. Processes for forming all the above.

Abstract: Colored aromatic polycarbonate resin compositions are prepared by dispersing a colorant (b) selected from phthalocyanine-based compounds, anthraquinone-based compounds and ultramarine blue in a polyalkyleneglycol compound (c) having a number-average molecular weight of 62 to 4000 of formula (2): HO—[—CHR1—CHR2—]m—OH??(2) where R1, R2, R3 and R4 are independently hydrogen atoms or alkyl groups, and m is not less than 1. The dispersion is added to an aromatic polycarbonate resin (a) kept in a molten state which has a viscosity-average molecular weight of not less than 16000 and contains a branched constitutional unit of formula (1): in an amount of 0.3 to 0.95 mol % where X is a single bond, an alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkylidene group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, a cycloalkylene group having 5 to 15 carbon atoms, a cycloalkylidene group having 5 to 15 carbon atoms, or a divalent connecting group —O—, —S—, —CO—, —SO— and —SO2—.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention may provide a method of preparing biodegradable polyester polymer materials both in a filament type and a sheet type using a compressed gas. The method of the present invention comprises the following steps: 1) preparing biodegradable polyester polymers through a solution-state polymerization process of a cyclic monomer using a compressed gas as a reaction solvent in the presence of a catalyst; 2) performing a flash-spinning process of the biodegradable polyester polymers prepared above to form a polymer material in a filament type; and 3) performing a calendering process of the polymer material in a filament type prepared above to form a polymer material in a point-bonded sheet type.

Abstract: A technique is described for the preparation of polymers according to a process in which the starting compound of formula (I) is polymerized in the presence of a base in an organic solvent. No end chain controlling agents are required during the polymerisation to obtain soluble precursor polymers. The precursor polymer such obtained comprises structural units of the formula (II). In a next step, the precursor polymer (II) is subjected to a conversion reaction towards a soluble or insoluble conjugated polymer by thermal treatment. The arylene or heteroarylene polymer comprises structural units of the formula III. In this process the dithiocarbamate group acts as a leaving group and permits the formation of a precursor polymer of structural formula (II), which has an average molecular weight from 5000 to 1000000 Dalton and is soluble in common organic solvents. The precursor polymer with structural units of formula (II) is thermally converted to the conjugated polymer with structural formula (III).

Abstract: The present invention relates to cupredoxin, specifically Pseudomonas aeruginosa azurin, and/or Pseudomonas aeruginosa cytochrome c551 and their use in inhibiting of viral infection, and in particular infection of mammalian cells by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). The invention also relates to variants and derivatives of cupredoxin and cytochrome c that retain the ability to inhibit viral infection, and in particular infection by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). The invention also relates to research methods for studying viral and bacterial infection in mammalian cells.

Abstract: Some embodiments relate to analogs of peptides corresponding to class I MHC-restricted T cell epitopes and methods for their generation. These analogs can contain amino acid substitutions at residues that directly interact with MHC molecules, and can confer improved, modified or useful immunologic properties. Additionally, classes of analogs, in which the various substitutions comprise the non-standard residues norleucine and/or norvaline, are disclosed.

Abstract: Some embodiments relate to analogs of peptides corresponding to class I MHC-restricted T cell epitopes and methods for their generation. These analogs can contain amino acid substitutions at residues that directly interact with MHC molecules, and can confer improved, modified or useful immunologic properties. Additionally, classes of analogs, in which the various substitutions comprise the non-standard residues norleucine and/or norvaline, are disclosed.

Abstract: Granulocyte colony stimulating factor obtained from eggs laid by transgenic avians having newly described G-CSF glycosylation patterns.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a family of nucleic acids, polypeptides and cloning vectors which direct expression of fusion proteins that can mimic aggregated IgG (AIG) and immune complex function with respect to their interactions with Fc?R and which allow for the inclusion and targeting of a second protein domain to cells expressing Fc?R. This was accomplished by expressing multiple linear copies of the hinge and CH2 domains (HCH2) of human IgG1 fused to the framework region of human IgG1. Convenient restriction sites allow for the facile introduction of additional amino-terminal domains. Methods for treating patients using fusion proteins are also disclosed. The HCH2 polymers described here represent a new strategy in the design of recombinant proteins for the therapeutic targeting of Fc?R in autoimmune disorders.

Abstract: The present invention encompasses monoclonal and chimeric antibodies that bind to lipoteichoic acid of Gram positive bacteria. The antibodies also bind to whole bacteria and enhance phagocytosis and killing of the bacteria in vitro and enhance protection from lethal infection in vivo. The mouse monoclonal antibody has been humanized and the resulting chimeric antibody provides a previously unknown means to diagnose, prevent and/or treat infections caused by gram positive bacteria bearing lipoteichoic acid. This invention also encompasses a peptide mimic of the lipoteichoic acid epitope binding site defined by the monoclonal antibody. This epitope or epitope peptide mimic identifies other antibodies that may bind to the lipoteichoic acid epitope. Moreover, the epitope or epitope peptide mimic provides a valuable substrate for the generation of vaccines or other therapeutics.

Abstract: Novels immuno-interactive fragments of the (alpha)C portion of a mammalian inhibin alpha subunit are disclosed, together with their variants and derivatives for producing antigen-binding molecules that are interactive with said (alpha)C portion, which are chemically well defined and which can be produced in commercially significant quantities. The antigen-binding molecules of the invention can be used for the detection of a mammalian inhibin and for the treatment and/or prevention of conditions associated with aberrant levels of a mammalian inhibin.

Abstract: Disclosed are surprising discoveries concerning the role of anionic phospholipids and aminophospholipids in tumor vasculature and in viral entry and spread, and compositions and methods for utilizing these findings in the treatment of cancer and viral infections. Also disclosed are advantageous antibody, immunoconjugate and duramycin-based compositions and combinations that bind and inhibit anionic phospholipids and aminophospholipids, for use in the safe and effective treatment of cancer, viral infections and related diseases.

Abstract: Compounds having structure (1) wherein R1 is —H a protecting group, a linker or a binding partner; and R2 and R34 are as defined in the specification. The invention also provides intermediates and methods make the structure (1) compounds, as well as methods to use the compounds as labels in diagnostic assays and to enhance binding to complementary bases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an isolated insulator DNA molecule consisting of the 5? and 3? regions of the porcine wrap gene locus and a method for insulating the expression of an introduced heterologous gene from silencing and variegation effect in chromatin into which the gene has integrated. The invention is also directed to mammalian cells comprising said insulator DNA molecule and non human animals obtained therefrom, which are preferably able to express a polypeptide of interest in milk.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods to discover and use single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) for identifying breed, or line and breed, or line composition of a bovine subject. The present invention further provides specific nucleic acid sequences, SNPs, and SNP patterns that can be used for identifying breed or breed combinations for Angus, Holstein, Limousin, Brahman, Hereford, Simmental, Gelbvieh, Charolais and Beefmaster breeds. These patterns can be utilized to manage animals in a feedlot to obtain optimum performance based on known characteristics of specific breeds and identify animals for breeding in selection programs. In another aspect, these patterns can be used to ensure labeling on breed specific branded products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to fatty acid desaturases and elongases able to catalyze the conversion of linoleic acid (LA) to ?-linolenic acid (GLA); ?-linoleic acid (ALA) to stearidonic acid (STA); GLA to dihomo-?-linoleic acid (DGLA); STA to eicosatetraenoic acid (ETA); DGLA to ETA; eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) to docosapentaenoic acid (DPA); and arachidonic acid (ARA) to EPA. Nucleic acid sequences encoding codon-optimized desaturases and elongases, nucleic acid sequences which hybridize thereto, DNA constructs comprising the codon-optimized desaturase or elongases, and recombinant host microorganisms expressing increased levels of desaturase or elongase are described.

Abstract: Novel Bacillus thuringiensis genes encoding toxins which are active against lepidopteran insects have been cloned from novel lepidopteran-active B. thuringiensis microbes. The DNA encoding the B. thuringiensis toxins can be used to transform various prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbes to express the B. thuringiensis toxins. These recombinant microbes can be used to control lepidopteran insects in various environments.

Abstract: The present invention provides polynucleotide molecules relating to a chimeric rice Os-TubA-3 promoter useful for expressing transgenes in plants. The present invention also provides expression constructs containing the polynucleotide molecules useful for expressing transgenes in plants. The present invention also provides transgenic plants and seeds containing the polynucleotide molecules useful for expressing transgenes in plants.

Abstract: Antisense compounds, compositions and methods are provided for modulating the expression of apolipoprotein B. The compositions comprise antisense compounds, particularly antisense oligonucleotides, targeted to nucleic acids encoding apolipoprotein B. Methods of using these compounds for modulation of apolipoprotein B expression and for treatment of diseases associated with expression of apolipoprotein B are provided.

Abstract: Efficient sequence specific gene silencing is possible through the use of siRNA technology. By selecting particular siRNAs by rationale design, one can maximize the generation of an effective gene silencing reagent, as well as methods for silencing Bcl-2.

Abstract: The compounds of the following formula: wherein Ar, R and R1 have the meanings given in the specification. This series of sulfonamido derivatives with a conserved uronamide group at the 5? position provide superior A3 receptor affinity as well as selectivity. These new adenosine agonists are sulfonamido derivatives N-substituted with aliphatic groups (cyclic or linear) or aromatic radicals.

Abstract: A method for preparing n-acetylglucosamine starting from glucosamine base having a purity level of at least about 99 wt. % and a maximum halide content of about 0.01 wt %. The glucosamine base is slurried in a diluent comprising a C1-C4 straight or branched-chain alcohol, e.g., isopropyl alcohol, sec. butyl alcohol, tert. butyl alcohol, etc. Thereafter, an acylating agent, e.g., acetic anhydride, present in at least a stoichiometric amount, is slowly added to the slurry while maintaining the reaction mixture at a temperature below about 20° C. The n-acetylglucosamine prepared by the process of the invention will be quite pure, e.g., it will have a purity of at least 98%, as measured by HPLC, a melting point in the range of 196-205° C. and a specific rotation, measured at room temperature after standing in water for several hours, of [?]D=39-43°.

Abstract: A process for preparation of ceftiofur of formula (I) having purity greater than 97% is disclosed.

Abstract: Compounds which are 3-aminoindazole derivatives or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, together with pharmaceutical compositions comprising them are disclosed; these compounds or compositions are useful in the treatment of diseases caused by and/or associated with an altered protein kinase activity such as cancer, cell proliferative disorders, Alzheimer's disease, viral infections, auto-immune diseases and neurodegenerative disorders.

Abstract: The present invention provides stereoisomers and stereoisomeric mixtures of 1-(2,4-pyrimidinediamino), 2-formamido cyclopentyl intermediates useful for the preparation of compounds having antiproliferative activity and methods to prepare the intermediates.

Abstract: This invention comprises the novel compounds of formula (I) wherein r, s, t, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6 have defined meanings, having farnesyl transferase inhibiting activity; their preparation, compositions containing them and their use as a medicine.

Abstract: Processes for preparing entecavir and novel intermediates thereof using carbon-silicon oxidation.

Abstract: An improved process for manufacture of (E)-7-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-isopropyl-2-[methyl)(methylsulfonyl)amino]pyrimidin-5-yl](3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid calcium salt, which is useful for the production of a pharmaceutical useful in the treatment of, inter alia, hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipoproteinemia and atherosclerosis, is described.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention relates to piperidine-piperazine compounds. A second aspect of the present invention relates to the use of the piperidine-piperazine compounds as ligands for various mammalian cellular receptors or transporters or both, including dopamine, serotonin or norepinephrine receptors or transporters, any combination of them, or all of them. The compounds of the present invention will find use in the treatment of numerous ailments, conditions and diseases which afflict mammals, including but not limited to addiction, anxiety, depression, sexual dysfunction, hypertension, migraine, Alzheimer's disease, obesity, emesis, psychosis, analgesia, schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, restless leg syndrome, sleeping disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, irritable bowel syndrome, premature ejaculation, menstrual dysphoria syndrome, urinary incontinence, inflammatory pain, neuropathic pain, Lesche-Nyhane disease, Wilson's disease, and Tourette's syndrome.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for electrochemical detection of an analyte comprising a transition metal compound wherein M is a metallic element that can form a coordinate bond to nitrogen; R and R? are coordinated to M at their nitrogen atoms; L is a linking ligand; Z is chlorine or bromine; m can be from 1 to 6 and X is an anion, or combination of anions, that balances the charge m. Also provided are electrochemical tags and methods of detection.

Abstract: A stable solid pharmaceutical composition consisting essentially of an effective amount of a salt of formula (II) together with an alkaline-reacting component maintaining the pH preferably above 8, or a salt with a divalent metal cation; and at least one pharmaceutical excipient; said salt of formula (II) being essentially stable during storage at room temperature for a period of at least 3 years. A process for stabilizing the salt of formula (II). A crystalline salt of formula (II) and a process for preparing said salt.

Abstract: Reverse hydroxamic acid derivatives having specific structure represented by a general formula (Ia): (wherein A is a hydrogen atom or the like; Ar1 is an arylene or the like; Ar2 is an optionally substituted aryl, a heteroaryl or the like; R1 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl or the like; R2a is a substituted cycloaryl, a heterocycloaryl or the like) and a general formula (I): (wherein A, Ar1, Ar2, and R1 are the same as defined above and R2 is an hydrogen atom, R2a or the like) and salts thereof, which have TNF-? converting enzyme (TACE) inhibitory activity.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds, compositions and methods for treating Flaviviridae family virus infections.

Abstract: The present invention discloses compounds of formula I wherein Ar, Y, m, n, R1 and R4 are herein defined, said compounds being novel antagonists for melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH), as well as methods for preparing such compounds. In another embodiment, the invention discloses pharmaceutical compositions comprising such MCH antagonists as well as methods of using them to treat obesity, metabolic disorders, eating disorders such as hyperphagia, and diabetes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a shortened process for preparing L-lobeline by rhodium-catalysed asymmetric hydrogenation on an industrial scale.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for reducing an exocyclic double bond at the 5-position of a thiazolidinedione moiety of a thiazolidinedione precursor comprising the steps of: a) preparing a solution or suspension of the thiazolidinedione precursor in a non-ether solvent medium with a base, and b) combining the solution or suspension with a dithionite source. Preferred solvent media include aqueous N,N-dimethylformamide. Sodium dithionite is a preferred dithionite source.

Abstract: Insecticidal sulfoximines are produced efficiently and in high yield by the oxidation of the corresponding sulfilimine with ruthenium tetraoxide or an alkali metal permanganate.

Abstract: Methods for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds including N-(3,5-dichloropyrid-4-yl)-4-difluoromethoxy-8-methanesulfonamido-dibenzo[b,d]furan-1-carboxamide and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

Abstract: Fungicidal compounds of the general formula (1), or the corresponding pyridine N-oxide, wherein X, Y, R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are as defined in the description.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds and derivatives thereof, their synthesis, and their use as estrogen receptor modulators. The compounds of the instant invention are ligands for estrogen receptors and as such may be useful for treatment or prevention of a variety of conditions related to estrogen functioning including: bone loss, bone fractures, osteoporosis, metastatic bone disease, Paget's disease, periodontal disease, cartilage degeneration, endometriosis, uterine fibroid disease, hot flashes, increased levels of LDL cholesterol, cardiovascular disease, impairment of cognitive functioning, age-related mild cognitive impairment, cerebral degenerative disorders, restenosis, gynecomastia, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, obesity, incontinence, inflammation, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, sexual dysfunction, hypertension, retinal degeneration and cancer, in particular of the breast, uterus and prostate.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel 4-alkoxy-cyclohexane-1-amino-carboxylic esters of the formula (IV) in which R1 and R2 are as defined in the description, to intermediates and processes for their preparation and to their use as intermediates in the synthesis of insecticidal, acaricidal and herbicidal compounds or pharmaceutically active compounds.

Abstract: A process for producing the compound (1?benzyl-2-oxo-[1,3?]-(R)-bipyrrolidinyl-3-(R,S)-yl)-triphenyl-phosphonium bromide which is an intermediate for antibacterial vinylpyrrolidinone-cephalosporin derivatives.

Abstract: A matched set of fluorescent dyes is provided, wherein each dye of the set is capable of covalent attachment to a protein and wherein each of the dyes has a molecular structure and a charge that is matched one with the other, such that relative electrophoretic mobility of a protein labeled with one dye of the set is the same as the electrophoretic mobility of the protein labeled with a different dye of the set. The matched set comprises at least two different fluorescent dyes of formula: wherein n is 1, 2, or 3; Z1 and Z2 independently represent the carbon atoms necessary to complete a phenyl or naphthyl ring system; one of groups R1 and R2 is a target bonding group; remaining group R1 or R2 is selected from —(CH2)4—W or —(CH2)r—H; group R3 is hydrogen, except when either R1 or R2 is —(CH2)r—H, in which case R3 is W; and W is selected from sulphonic acid and sulphonate.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are analogs of Salinosporamide A, having the Formulae Ia-IVa as follows: Like Salinosporamide A, the compounds of the present invention will inhibit the proteasome, an intracellular enzyme complex that destroys proteins the cell no longer needs. Without the proteasome, proteins would build up and clog cellular machinery. Fast-growing cancer cells make especially heavy use of the proteasome, so thwarting its action is a compelling drug strategy.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I): wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, n and m are as defined herein. The compounds are useful as inhibitors of HCV NS3 protease.