Abstract: A method for estimating actuator position includes the steps of receiving fluid pressure data signals from a plurality of fluid pressure sensors (31), receiving spool position signals from at least one spool position sensor (33), and receiving actuator position data signals from at least one actuator position sensor (35). Corrected flow rates to and from an actuator (21) are determined with each corrected flow rate being based on fluid pressure data signals, the spool position signals, and an error-correction factor, wherein the error-correction factor is a function of the fluid pressure data signals and the spool position signals. An estimated actuator position is determined wherein the estimated position includes a kinematic component and a dynamic component. Adaptive gain factors are applied to calibrate the estimated actuator position to the actuator position data signals from the actuator position sensor.

Abstract: Announcing to a detector of a wireless device is disclosed. An announcement regarding the presence of the wireless device is obtained. The announcement is transmitted wireless medium to the detector of the wireless device.

Abstract: An LED driver and a display device using the same are disclosed. The LED driver is adapted for driving a first set of LEDs and a second set of LEDs. The LED driver includes an inductor, a main switch, a first switch, a second switch, and a controller. The inductor has a first terminal receiving an input voltage. The main switch is coupled between a second terminal of the inductor and a common level for adjusting a current flowing therethrough. The first switch is coupled between the first set of LEDs and the second terminal of the inductor. The second switch is coupled between the second LEDs and the second terminal of the inductor. The controller is coupled to controlling terminals of the main switch, the first switch, and the second switch respectively for controlling conducting statuses of the main switch, the first switch, and the second switch respectively.

Abstract: A method for analyzing a tubing section with multiple sensors at a consistent speed to improve the analysis and grading of tubing retrieved from an oil well. An analysis speed can be pre-set or input based on the tubing being analyzed and the sensors employed. The analysis data can be retrieved and charted based on whether the data was obtained within the required analysis speed. The data can then be displayed for grading and color-coded based on the data obtained within the required ranged and that obtained outside the range. Further, the display can remove the data obtained outside the required range and link together the remaining data to improve the grading process of the tubing sections.

Abstract: A measuring while drilling system typically has a metal pipework extending underground connected to an antenna. The metal pipework and the antenna are both connected to a type of downhole equipment. The antenna transmits or receives signals to/from a transceiver located on the surface, and the transceiver is connected to the metal pipeword and to a ground. The system is improved by joining a plurality of sections of wired drill pipe together to form a section where the antenna is integral with the metal pipework. One end of the section of wired drill pipe is joined to downhole equipment and another end is joined to a conventional metal pipework.

Abstract: The present invention concerns application of a unique conductive electrode geometry used to form an efficient wideband, one- or two-way wireless data link between autonomous systems separated by some distance along a bore hole drill string. One objective is the establishment of an efficient, high bandwidth communication link between such separated systems, using a unique electrode configuration that also aids in maintaining a physically robust drill string. Insulated or floating electrodes of various selected geometries provide a means for sustaining or maintaining a modulated electric potential adapted for injecting modulated electrical current into the surrounding sub-surface medium. Such modulated current conveys information to the systems located along the drill string by establishing a potential across a receiving insulated or floating electrode.

Abstract: A monitoring device (1) for monitoring the electrical properties of a medium voltage overhead line (3) in a medium voltage network comprises three separate measurement sensors (2a, 2b, 2c), each being adapted for direct connection onto a medium voltage overhead line. Each of the measurement sensors has means to draw operating power from the medium voltage overhead line. The measurement sensors measured results may be combined for accurate measurement analysis.

Abstract: A method and system facilitate the exchange of information between a remote location and a motor vehicle, via a targeted transmission of audio and visual broadcast messages to vehicle operators. Output of the broadcast messages may be controlled using (a) codes or identifiers in or associated with the messages, (b) one or more user inputs from the vehicle operator, (c) sensor data measuring a vehicle state, or (d) any combination of the foregoing. For example, output of the broadcast messages to vehicle operators may be controlled as to time, frequency, and format (e.g., as visual or audible data) based on any of these control inputs.

Abstract: A traffic control device information display system, including (a) a receiver that receives first information about a traffic control device, (b) a relay that transmits second information to a processor responsive to the first information, (c) the processor, wherein the processor processes the second information to determine identification information for the traffic control device and to determine if the traffic control device has been improperly moved or knocked down, and (d) a display that displays the identification information to an operator and that indicates if the traffic control device has been improperly moved or knocked down.

Abstract: When multiple readers for RF transponders have to be placed in close proximity, such as in adjacent lanes of a highway toll barrier, they can be set to operate at different frequencies. When signals from two adjacent ones of the readers interfere, the resulting signal includes interference terms whose frequencies equal the sum of the reader frequencies and the difference between the reader frequencies. To remove such interference terms while passing the desired terms, a tag includes a low-pass or other frequency-selective filter.

Abstract: A navigation system (500) is provided with: a navigation apparatus (510); a server apparatus (520) and a route information transmittance apparatus (530), which are inter-communicable via a communication network (540). The route information transmittance apparatus is provided with: an input device (531) for inputting route search information indicating an instruction of a route search; and a transmittance device (532) for transmitting the route search information to the server apparatus. The server apparatus is provided with: a server side communication device (521) for receiving the route search information; an authentication device (522) for authenticating whether or not the route search information is available; and a search device (523) for performing the route search on the basis of the authenticated route search information. The server side communication device transmits search result information indicating a searched route to the navigation apparatus.

Abstract: Methods and systems for generating 10-bit control codes for use in 8-bit to 10-bit encoding are disclosed. Such control codes can have low subblock disparity (where subblocks include 6-bit and 4-bit blocks), limited run lengths when concatenated, limited run lengths within sub-blocks, meet minimal allowable cumulative disparity values at predetermined bit locations (not violate a transition matrix), and not form an aliased comma character sequence within a code, or when codes are concatenated with other codes or encoded data values. Preferably, new codes are added to existing 8B10B schemes with less than sixteen control codes to arrive at a control code set of at least sixteen.

Abstract: Generating Gray sequences for non-standard sequence lengths to be used in cyclical sequences having L members. For binary members of the cyclical sequence having values less than L/2 an amount (C/2?L) the most significant bit is forced to a logical “1” to create intermediate binary members. For members greater than or equal to an amount (C/2?L) is added to the binary to create intermediate binaries. The intermediate binaries are then transformed to a Gray code sequence having a non-standard sequence length of L.

Abstract: A debinarizer and a hardware-based method for debinarizing a binary bit stream into symbols comprising predefined binary sequences are disclosed in which predefined binary sequences and their corresponding symbols are represented as tree structures. A binary sequence is debinarized by traversing one of the tree structures to determine a corresponding symbol. Similar tree structures may be combined to form a single tree structure. The tree structures may be implemented as a finite state machine.

Abstract: A digital decoding apparatus and method receives a compression-coded digital signal in predetermined units and decodes the received compression-coded digital signal in the predetermined units. The compressed-received digital signal is coded in the predetermined units with updating a table of probability of occurrence which is assigned for each coding symbol. An arithmetic decoding unit initializes a decoding process when decoding of signal in the predetermined units is started, based on information of initializing the table of probability of occurrence which is multiplexed on a header of data for the predetermined units and information of initializing a register value which shows the arithmetic decoding process.

Abstract: The performance (compression ratio) of an entropy coding compressor can be improved by separating its output into two streams: encoded output symbols compressed according to a probability model, and literal symbols that were not present in the probability model when the corresponding input symbol was to be encoded. The literal symbols are collected into a group and compressed separately. The compressed literals are stored at a discernable place relative to the encoded output symbols (e.g., at the beginning or end of the sequence of encoded output symbols).

Abstract: For signal processing such as in an image sensor, a CDS (correlated double sampling) unit generates a first CDS signal from a first set of input signals at a predetermined node. In addition, a conversion unit converts a second CDS signal into a respective converted signal concurrently as the CDS unit generates the fist CDS signal. The second CDS signal is determined from a second set of input signals previously generated at the predetermined node.

Abstract: An analog-to-digital converter apparatus for analog source signals of one polarity, includes one comparator formed from transistors, a block of digitally addressable voltage sources to set a reference voltage of the comparator, an asynchronous n-bit digital counter, a block of digitally addressable voltage sources to set the potential to be applied to the signal source, a digital control unit, a block storing the calibration data for an input capacitor of the comparator, and a base-2 multiplier block, being interconnected by lines, including a line connecting the input analog signal to the drain of a pass transistor, a line connecting the block of voltage sources to be connected to the signal source, a line connecting the digital control unit to transistor gates, and a line carrying the signal Vref from the block of digitally addressed voltage sources to the comparator.

Abstract: With the aim of reducing noise due to a digital signal in an A-D conversion unit, the following is implemented: an input unit is provided with four A-D converters and a gray code conversion unit. An analog NMR signal corresponding to each channel is inputted to each A-D converter, and the gray code conversion unit converts a digital signal represented in binary code, outputted from the A-D converters, into a digital signal represented in gray code. A gray code-converted digital signal is transferred to an output unit through a digital signal bus. The gray code digital signal is returned to a binary digital signal by a gray code inverse conversion unit, and then the output unit transmits a binary signal, outputted from the gray code inverse conversion unit, to a signal processing unit.

Abstract: A handheld radar frequency scanner system for detecting objects concealed on a person, the system includes a radar transmitter coupled to a transmit antenna that is configured and positioned to direct a radar signal at a person, a radar receiver coupled to a receive antenna that is configured to detect a portion of the radar signal reflected by the person, and a processor connected to the radar receiver and operable to process the portions of the radar signals detected by the radar receiver to determine whether the person is carrying a concealed object. The system may produce a real-time alert, such as an audible alert, when a concealed object is detected.

Abstract: A method for determining the positions of targets by bistatic measurements using signals scattered by the targets is provided in which the velocities of the targets can also be determined. The range of the transmitters is selected so that a target at an arbitrary point can be measured, by scattering in the target, by at least four cooperating measuring facilities. First the targets are associated by calculating, in two independent ways, two sets of sums of distances between transmission points and targets and, respectively, targets and reception points. Subsequently, the two sums are sorted with respect to distance, compared with each other, and the sums that correspond with each other within a predetermined margin of error are stated to correspond to conceivable targets. The association of targets is improved and completed by corresponding calculations being carried out for Doppler velocities.

Abstract: Radar beams are generated with radars disposed at different positions within an environment that attenuates at least a portion of one of the radar beams. A measured reflectivity of the environment is determined along a path of each of the radar beams. An intrinsic reflectivity is determined from different volume elements within the environment from the measured reflectivity.

Abstract: Driver assistance system of a land or water vehicle that encompasses a long-range radar apparatus for the detection of distant objects and at least one short-range detection apparatus for the detection of objects in the vehicle's close proximity. The system further includes an operation control apparatus for control of operation at least of the long-range radar apparatus depending on a motion state of the land or water vehicle. The operation control apparatus is configured to deactivate the long-range radar apparatus at least at standstill of the land or water vehicle or switch it to an essentially powerless standby mode, while keeping the short-range detection apparatus activated.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus and a method of measuring a distance between devices using a low clock frequency signal. The apparatus includes clock frequency generators, counters, a controller and a calculator for determining the distance based on clock signal overlap. Radio waves are transmitted and a number of clocks of a clock signal having a clock frequency b are counted, and if the transmitted radio waves are received again, a number of clocks of a clock signal having a clock frequency a are counted. If the clock signals having the clock frequencies a and b overlap with each other, counting of the numbers of the clocks of the clock signals having the frequencies b and a stops, and the distance is measured using the count values of the clock signals having the clock frequencies a and b. As a result, number of clocks of clock signals having low clock frequencies with a uniform difference can be counted to precisely measure a distance.

Abstract: A method of detecting interference noise at a radar altimeter. The method comprises periodically emitting a pulse from the pulsed radar altimeter, periodically detecting a noise level in a noise gate, and determining if the noise level detected during each noise-level-detection period exceeds a noise threshold. The period of emitting the pulse is a pulse repetition interval and the noise gate is offset from other gates in the altimeter. If the noise level detected during a noise-level-detection period is greater than the noise threshold, a counter value is incremented by a selected incremental value for that noise-level-detection period and it is determined if the counter value is greater than a count threshold.

Abstract: A method for determining a quality of measurement in a radar level gauge system arranged to measure a filling level of a content contained in a tank, comprising the steps of providing an antenna having at least two separate antenna functions, including a transmitting function and a receiving function, transmitting microwave energy from said transmitting function of said antenna, receiving a reflected part of said microwave energy, reflected from said level of content to be gauged, using said receiving function of said antenna, detecting a leakage signal, said leakage signal leaking from said transmitting function of said antenna to said receiving function of said antenna, and determining, based on a relationship between said leakage signal and said reflected signal, a level of quality of said reflected signal. An advantage with the above method is its improved accuracy when determining the level of quality, since there is no need for a separate reference reflection point.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement is provided for processing satellite signals comprising a first circuit part, which is made as a processor for computing position and/or speed signals from satellite signals, a second circuit part, which is made as a real-time clock to provide a time signal, at least two voltage sources, which are provided to supply at least one circuit part, and switching means, which are provided for switching the supply of at least one circuit part between the first voltage source and the second voltage source. According to an embodiment, the switching means have at least one voltage monitor with a bandgap voltage reference circuit to determine a switching voltage. The circuit arrangement can be used for GPS-supported navigation systems.

Abstract: A method and system provides for controlling operation of registered devices using the Global Positioning System (GPS). One or more devices in a mobile environment are registered with a GPS navigation system of the mobile environment. In response to the mobile environment moving from a first location to a second location, the GPS navigation system retrieves local law information that specifies or defines the second location using GPS coordinates of the second location. Whether each device of the one or more devices registered with the GPS navigation system is in violation of the local law must be determined. If so, the GPS navigation system automatically controlling operation of each device in violation of the local law so as to not be in violation of the local law.

Abstract: Methods and systems for tracking signals with diverse polarization properties address both sensitivity and antenna tracking performance issues. In one embodiment, complex weightings for matching a polarization of an incident signal on a data channel are determined, and the complex weightings are applied to a tracking channel such that an antenna system polarization is matched to the polarization of the incident signal. In another embodiment, orthogonally polarized tracking channel components of an incident signal are processed to make a determination as to which of the orthogonally polarized tracking channel components is stronger, and this determination is used to select a polarization of a data channel to reduce a polarization mismatch loss.

Abstract: A cellular base station telecommunication system includes a plurality of base station antenna sites, each site having one or more groups of base station antennas. A central controller is configured to control an electrical or mechanical parameter in one or more of the antennas in the groups of antennas.

Abstract: A device package for radio frequency transceivers that comprises radio electronics, a filter and an antenna. The filter and antenna are realized using one or more metallization layers in the housing of the device package. The filter and antenna in the housing of the device package allows the realization of a compact RF transceiver with a small form-factor.

Abstract: An omni direction antenna comprising a substrate having a first side and a second side with a first conductor coupled to the first side of the substrate and a second conductor coupled to the second side of the substrate is provided. The first and second conductors comprise wide elements substantially aligned over narrow elements. The antenna further has a terminating element shorting the first and second conductors. A feed element is coupled to the first side wide element, the feed element comprising at least one transmission line, at least one impedance matching element, and at least one ground plane substantially aligned with the at least one transmission line.

Abstract: A multi-band antenna structure includes a ground plane, a first radiation metal arm, a first shorted parasitic arm and a second shorted parasitic arm. The first radiation metal arm is connected to a main transmitting antenna and has a first feed point for connecting a first feed line. The first shorted parasitic arm extends to the outside from the ground plane. The first shorted parasitic arm is between the first radiation metal arm and the ground plane for resonantly coupling the first radiation metal arm at a first band. The second shorted parasitic arm also extends to the outside from the ground plane. The second shorted parasitic arm is between the first radiation metal arm and the first shorted parasitic arm for resonantly coupling the first radiation metal arm at a second band.

Abstract: An antenna which can be used in different communication standards with a simple structure is disclosed. The antenna includes an antenna section which receives/transmits radio waves, input/output ports to which a signal to be input to the antenna section is input and from which a signal output from the antenna section is output, and transmission lines each of which connects the antenna section to a corresponding input/output port.

Abstract: An antenna is provided comprising a transmission element, a ground element, a first parasitic element, a second parasitic element and a third parasitic element. The transmission element is located on a first plane, wherein the transmission element is T shaped, and comprises a first transmission portion and a second transmission portion and the second transmission portion is perpendicular to the first transmission portion and connected to an end thereof. The ground element is located on a second plane parallel to the first plane. The first parasitic element, the second parasitic element and the third parasitic element are connected to the ground element and located on the second plane.

Abstract: A wireless IC device includes a flexible sheet provided with a wireless IC chip and radiation plates. The wireless IC chip is connected by an Au bump to a feeder circuit which is located on the sheet and which has a predetermined resonant frequency and a predetermined impedance. The feeder circuit includes electrode patterns, and the feeder circuit and the radiation plates are capacitively coupled with each other through the flexible sheet.

Abstract: The inverted L antenna with fixed polarization is disclosed. The inverted L antenna with fixed polarization includes: a printed circuit board (PCB) including an metal layer, a dielectric layer and a ground layer; and an antenna element coupled to a predetermined shaped of one side of the PCB, wherein the predetermined shape is a form for directing an electric field excited at edge of PCB to match with a direction of the antenna element.

Abstract: A method for tuning a resonant frequency of an antenna includes the steps of providing an antenna having a radiating element operating at a present resonant frequency, determining a target operating frequency of the antenna, mensurating the present resonant frequency of the antenna and calculating a frequency offset between the present resonant frequency and the target operating frequency, providing a dielectric film covered on the radiating element, tuning an thickness and an area of the dielectric film, and repeating the mensurating step and the tuning step till the frequency offset reaches zero.

Abstract: A dual-band antenna for radiating electromagnetic signals of different frequencies includes a ground portion (500), a feeding part (400), a body (100) and a shorting part (200). The feeding part (400) is for feeding signals. The body (100) includes a first radiating part (110) and a second radiating part (120). The first radiating part includes a bent portion (115), a first free end (111), and a first connecting end (112). The bent portion (115) is between the first free end (111) and the first connecting end (112). The first connecting end (111) is electronically connected to the feeding part (400). The second radiating part (120) includes a second connecting end (122) and a second free end (121). The second connecting end (122) is connected to the first connecting end (112). The shorting part (200) is between the body (100) and the ground portion (500).

Abstract: An antenna comprises an external high-band portion and an internal low-band portion. The external high-band portion reduces energy dissipation from nearby components, and the internal low-band portion reduces the phantom head effect. The antenna combines the external high-band portion and the internal low-band portion, utilizing the advantages of the two portions to benefit the receiving efficiency of the antenna.

Abstract: There is provided a windmill-shaped loop antenna including: a dielectric substrate; a first radiation unit disposed on a top surface of the dielectric substrate and including a metal pattern having loop pieces; a second radiation unit disposed at a bottom surface of the dielectric substrate and including a metal pattern having loop pieces arranged not to face the loop pieces of the first radiation unit; and a plurality of identical transmission line from a center of the top and bottom surfaces of the dielectric substrate to the first and second radiation units, which form windmill-shaped metal pattern with the first and second radiation unit.

Abstract: The specification discloses a slot antenna in which the slot opens through an edge of the conductor. Preferably, the slot is nonlinear (e.g. a zigzag shape) enabling a compact configuration in which a relatively long slot is configured in a relatively small conductor.

Abstract: A Tapered Slot Antenna Cylindrical Array (NC#97194). The apparatus includes a base and a tapered slot antenna array. The base is capable of retaining a plurality of tapered slot antenna pairs. The tapered slot antenna array is operatively coupled to the base in a cylindrical configuration. The tapered slot antenna array comprises at least two tapered slot antenna pairs. Each tapered slot antenna pair of the at least two tapered slot antenna pairs is capable of operating independently of or in conjunction with other tapered slot antenna pairs of the at least two tapered slot antenna pairs to enable direction finding, acquisition, communication and electronic attack capabilities.

Abstract: A planar waveguide structure for creating a phase gradient between the input signals of a system of antenna elements requires relatively little space and also ensures relatively low-loss beam deflection. The waveguide structure is provided on a dielectric microwave substrate, which has at least one conductive layer on both sides. At least one of the two conductive layers is structured and constitutes the signal side of the wave structure, while the other conductive layer is used as ground. The waveguide structure includes at least one parallel plate guide having beam lobe ports for signal feed and signal pickup. This parallel plate guide has a curved-shaped reflector contour so that it functions as a signal reflector.

Abstract: In a planar antenna, a plate member is adapted to be electrically grounded. A radiating electrode is opposing the plate member with a gap and extending parallel to the plate member. A feeding pin is disposed at a center part of the radiating electrode, and adapted to feed power to the radiating electrode. At least one pair of short pins is electrically connecting the plate member and an outer edge of the radiating electrode at symmetrical positions relative to the feeding pin. The radiating electrode is formed with blank portions which are located at such positions that are on hypothetical straight lines connecting the feeding pin and the short pins.

Abstract: An electronic device comprises a housing having an antenna molded into the housing.

Abstract: A stabilizing mechanism and method for a deployed reflector antenna in a mobile satellite system. The stabilizing mechanism has a pair of stabilizing devices with a first end of each stabilizing device connected on a rear support of the reflector antenna. The first ends are positioned on opposite sides of the rear support. A second end of each stabilizing device is connected to a tilt mechanism in the mobile satellite system. The pair of stabilizing devices forms a support angle about the centerline of the reflector antenna and with the tilt mechanism. The pair of stabilizer devices pushes against the opposite sides with a pre-load force when the reflector antenna is deployed to minimize deflection of the reflector antenna due to environmental forces.

Abstract: A digital light processing display system is provided with fewer major moving parts and a smaller form factor. A high-intensity, high-frequency strobe light is used to direct a pulse of light through colored filters. The colored pulses of light are passed through separate prisms, each with a high index of refraction. The index of refraction and the length of the path through the prism result in a delay for each color. For each pixel with a component of the color for each colored pulse, a controller activates the corresponding mirror in an array of mirrors. The timing of the activation of the mirrors is coordinated with the timing of the colored pulses of light to form a full color image.

Abstract: The retaining circuit 110, which retains the digital image signal fed from the drain signal line 61 in response to the signal inputted from gate signal line 51, is formed. The signal selection circuit 120, which selects one of the two signals (signal A or signal B) in response to the signal from the retaining circuit 110 and which supplies the selected signal to the display electrode 80, is formed. Also, the reference voltage generation circuit 500, which provides the signal A and signal B, is formed within the display panel 100. When the display device is under the digital display mode, the reference voltage generation circuit 500 prepares the signal fed to the display electrode 80. Thus, there is no need to supply the signal A or signal B from outside, resulting in the simpler configuration of the external circuits. Also, since the drive of the external circuits can be completely halted under the digital display mode, it is possible to further reduce the consumption of the electric power.

Abstract: A temperature of the plasma display panel is detected by a temperature sensor. An apparatus includes a display panel, a plate disposed adjacent to a rear surface of the panel, and a board disposed substantially parallel to the plate. A temperature sensor is formed on the board, and the temperature sensor is disposed between the plate and the board.