Abstract: A system for detecting electromagnetic radiation from samples comprising: a plurality of sample volumes, each of said sample volumes confined within a portion of a capillary column; a plurality of electromagnetic radiation sources; a mirror for receiving electromagnetic radiation from the electromagnetic radiation sources and for reflecting the electromagnetic radiation to the sample volumes; a scanner attached to the mirror; a parabolic reflector for collecting sample electromagnetic radiation from the sample volumes, the sample electromagnetic radiation being generated as a result of interaction of the reflected electromagnetic radiation with the sample volumes; a plurality of filters for filtering the sample electromagnetic radiation; and a plurality of detectors for detecting sample electromagnetic radiation from the sample volumes, each of the detectors being configured to receive sample electromagnetic radiation that has passed through a corresponding one of the plurality of filters and generate a signa

Abstract: An instrument having an illumination source configured to illuminate a field of illumination on a surface of a substrate that is configured to hold a sample. The field of illumination typically has a diameter greater than 1 micron or an area greater than that of at least one pad of an array. The instrument also includes an interferometer, and a detectors. The instrument is configured to perform Fourier transform imaging without single spot scanning or without line scanning. Additionally, the instrument may include an illumination light source, an array detector and spectral processing electronics. A method of collecting Fourier transform (FT) data is also disclosed.

Abstract: An interferometric measuring device includes a short-coherent radiation source and a system composed of a modulation interferometer having a first and a second modulation interferometer beam path and a downstream reference interferometer, the radiation being split in the reference interferometer into a first beam path and a second beam path. If a dispersive optical component is situated in at least one beam path of the reference interferometer, a different optical path length becomes effective for radiation of a different wavelength in the beam path having the dispersive optical component. Therefore, if one measuring probe is replaced with another one having a modified optical path length, the modulation interferometer may be adjusted and the reference interferometer may remain unchanged.

Abstract: A chemical detector for detecting predetermined chemicals. The chemical detector includes an optical fiber and a polymer having a high fractional free volume higher than about 0.1 that clads a length of the optical fiber. The optical fiber is arranged within an optical resonator. The chemical detector further includes a coherent light source that excites the optical resonator and a chemical signature detector that detects a predetermined chemical based upon a change in a resonance attenuation or refractive index of the optical fiber caused by absorption of the predetermined chemical into the high intrinsic microporosity polymer cladding of the fiber.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical interferometric apparatus and method for measuring acceleration, pressure, and pressure of fluids during flow using micro-opto-electro-mechanical-systems (MOEMS). The high-sensitivity and high-resolution apparatus includes a movable mass, a stationary mass, a light source, and a photo detector. The light source emits a beam which is converted into two beam portions after impinging onto the movable and stationary masses. Interference between the beam portions are used to measure acceleration or pressure. The MOEMS structure may be integrated with a photo detector or planar waveguide. Differential amplification can be realized by employing two similar detecting structures.

Abstract: Improved systems, apparatus, and methods for detecting positions of moving stages and a reference position of a beam column are provided. For some embodiments, independent discrete interferometers may be utilized for distance measurements in each axis, rather than a cumbersome monolithic multi-axis interferometer utilized in conventional systems.

Abstract: Light is directed along a sample path towards the sample surface and along a reference path towards a reference surface such that light reflected by the sample surface and light reflected by the reference surface interfere. Relative movement is effected between the sample surface and the reference surface along a measurement path and the light intensity resulting from interference between light reflected from the reference surface and regions of the sample surface is sensed at intervals along the measurement path to provide a number of sets of light intensity data values with each light intensity data value representing the sensed light intensity associated with a corresponding one of said regions. The sets of light intensity data are processed to determine a position along the measurement path at which a predetermined feature occurs in the light intensity data for each sensed region and to enhance image data representing the intensity data to facilitate the detection by a user of the interference fringes.

Abstract: A method of acquiring a vertical section image of lingual fur, and an apparatus to perform the method, the method including generating interfering light from irradiated light and light reflected from a tongue tissue, and generating a partial image corresponding to a relative intensity of the generated interfering light.

Abstract: A measurement method for measuring a wavefront aberration of a target optical system using an interference pattern formed by a light from a first image side slit, and a light from a second image side slit, the first and second image side slits being located at an image side of the target optical system, the first image side slit having, in a shorter direction, a width equal to or smaller than a diffraction limit of the target optical system, and the second image side slit having, in a shorter direction, a width greater than the diffraction limit of the target optical system includes the steps of obtaining three or more primary wavefronts of the target optical system from different measurement directions, and calculating a wavefront aberration of the target optical system based on the three or more primary wavefronts obtained by the obtaining step.

Abstract: At least one second beam of light from a first beam of light generated by a laser is directed into an atmosphere. Light therefrom scattered by molecules or aerosols in the atmosphere is collected by at least one telescope as at least one light signal, which together with a reference beam from the first beam of light are simultaneously processed by an interferometer, and resulting fringe patterns are imaged onto a detector adapted to output a resulting at least one signal responsive thereto. In various aspects: a data processor gates the signal to provide a range-responsive measurement; the light signal is multiplexed; a circle-to-line interferometer optic transforms an at least partially circular fringe pattern to a substantially linear fringe pattern; or a CCD detector provides for recording a range-resolved image by successively transferring charges from one adjacent row of photosites to another.

Abstract: Micron-scale displacement measurement devices having enhanced performance characteristics are disclosed. One embodiment of a micron-scale displacement measurement device includes a phase-sensitive reflective diffraction grating for reflecting a first portion of an incident light and transmitting a second portion of the incident light such that the second portion of the incident light is diffracted. The device can further include a mechanical structure having a first region and a second region, the mechanical structure positioned a distance d above the diffraction grating and forming a wall of a cavity, the second portion of the incident light is reflected off of the first region of the structure such that an interference pattern is formed by the reflected first portion and the reflected second portion of the incident light. The device can further include an orifice formed in the cavity to provide for the passage of air between the inside and outside of the cavity.

Abstract: This detection method comprises: a step during which a receiver measures the quantity of light reflected by an object when the object is illuminated by an emitter for at least two different emitter—receiver pairs on the same side relative to the object, a step of calculating at least two characteristic values from the measured values, and a step of determining at least one position of the object by directly reading a table indexed by the two characteristic values, the content of said table being predetermined and set before said measurement step.

Abstract: A device for measuring the dimensional or structural characteristics of an object. A detector forms an optical Fourier transform image of an elemental surface of the object in an image focal plane. A processor produces data relating to at least one dimensional and/or structural characteristic of the object from the information provided by the detector.

Abstract: A profile model to characterize a structure to be examined using optical metrology is evaluated by displaying a set of profile parameters that characterizes the profile model. Each profile parameter has a range of values for the profile parameter. For each profile parameter having a range of values, an adjustment tool is displayed for selecting a value for the profile parameter within the range of values. A measured diffraction signal, which was measured using an optical metrology tool, is displayed. A simulated diffraction signal, which was generated based on the values of the profile parameters selected using the adjustment tools for the profile parameters, is displayed. The simulated diffraction signal is overlaid with the measured diffraction signal.

Abstract: When paper needs to be loaded into a printing device but there is no particular hurry, a destination to issue a paper load notification is set to a user having the greatest amount of paper usage. When paper must be loaded into a printing device as quickly as possible, the notification destination is set to a user that has issued a print command within a prescribed time period prior to the current time.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus includes a controlling unit that controls all units of the image forming apparatus, a reading unit that reads an image, a processing unit that generates image data based on the image read, a recognizing unit that recognizes a ground tint pattern in the image read, and a detecting unit that detects an abnormality in the recognizing unit. When the recognizing unit recognizes a ground tint pattern in an image read, the controlling unit controls the processing unit to perform a special processing on the image. When the detecting unit detects an abnormality in the recognizing unit, the controlling unit controls the image forming apparatus according to the abnormality.

Abstract: In a printing system for printing image data based on orders from customers, a load of a laboratory having a large amount of orders can be reduced. A user transfers order information and image data from his/her personal computer to any one of customer service systems. The customer service system receiving the order information and the image data generates flow information indicating an address of the user, a logistic code, or a laboratory specification, and transfers the flow information together with the order information and the image data to an order assigning system. The order assigning system selects one of laboratories to carry out printing, based on the flow information and a table in a database representing a relationship between the flow information and the laboratories. The order assigning system transfers the order information and the image data to the selected laboratory. The laboratory prints the image data, based on the order information transferred thereto.

Abstract: Conventionally, it has been impossible to perform a formatted print precisely corresponding to functions of various printers. To solve this problem, formatted print data and printer capability data are stored. When a print instruction is issued, formatted print candidates are presented based on the formatted print data. When a formatted print is selected from these candidates, the printer capability data is referenced to set a combination of print conditions for performing the formatted print and actually perform printing. The printer capability data is stored for each printer model. Therefore, a proper print condition can be set for each printer model to perform a given formatted print. As a result, it becomes possible to perform a formatted print precisely corresponding to printer functions.

Abstract: An imaging system includes a processing component which receives images to be rendered and a rendering device, such as a marking engine, fax machine or email system, in communication with the processing component for rendering an image supplied by the processing component. A haptic interface is in communication with the processing component for inputting commands from the user to the processing component for rendering the image, and outputting feedback from the processing component to the user as a force feedback.

Abstract: A method for open systems printing including routing print jobs automatically from different types of source computers to different types of printers without the source computers selecting printers for each print job. A method for open systems printing including routing print jobs automatically from an arbitrary number of source computers to an arbitrary number of printers without the source computers selecting printers for each print job. A method for printing including controlling the printing of print jobs on high-speed production printers through a graphical user interface. A print server for use with different types of source computers and different types of printers, the print server directs print jobs received from the source computers to the printers without the source computers selecting printers for each print job.

Abstract: The user certainly grasps a processing result of a job requested to a peripheral apparatus during a job process or within a predetermined period after the job process. In the peripheral apparatus, function information showing a function which is used in the job process or information showing a processing situation of the job process is used as management information of the job, and the function information or information showing the processing result of the job process is managed as log information of the job during a period of time until an end of the job process. Management information or log information corresponding to designated job ID information is searched from the managed management information or log information.

Abstract: The present invention addresses the reformatting of a digital “ready to print” data file into a continuous tone (32 or 24 bit) file whereby discrete values in the tone range are uniquely assigned to specific binary combinations. The purpose for this transform is to facilitate further manipulation of preprocessed data. One application of the present invention is to exist as a critical piece of proofing workflow for a technology that reduces continuous tone data into a binary form representing droplet selection prior to output.

Abstract: A system, method, data structure, and application programming interface is described that stores alternate recognition results in an ink tree lattice.

Abstract: A method and system for monitoring and controlling machines, such as printers, copiers, facsimile machine and other image forming machines. A server is used for transmitting and communicating information among machines and computers. The server acquires, after machine installation, reference values and during operation, current condition information. The server evaluates this information with the reference values such that a response to the machine may be executed remotely. The server also may update the reference values which change during operation.

Abstract: An image processing system has a host computer to which a scanner and a printer are connected. A color space conversion module, for converting a color space of a device input-output image into a predetermined color space, likewise a resolution conversion module, for converting the resolution of the image into a predetermined resolution, and a counterfeit determination module, which determines a degree of a match between the image signal converted into predetermined color space and resolution and a particular image, are included in the OS of the host computer. The OS further includes an anti-counterfeiting module for preventing or suppressing counterfeiting based on the results of the matching determination. By providing the various modules in the OS instead of the device, the system is able to provide counterfeiting prevention and anti-counterfeiting capabilities designed to accommodate a plurality of different types of input-out devices efficiently.

Abstract: A system and method for converting an image to a constrained color palette representation receives a specified color or hue from which an image is to be defined. A conversion is then made from an input color space to a CIELAB representation. Data is converted in CIELAB space, in accordance with a specified hue, to a color space set by the specified color. Once converted, data is converted to a color space corresponding to that of an associated document rendering device.

Abstract: A method for processing a digitized continuous tone image for reproducing the image by a printing device, including (a) inputting a tone value of an input pixel of the image; (b) applying a plurality of levelsplit curves to the tone value, thus obtaining a plurality of level values, wherein each specific levelsplit curve of the curves corresponds to a level defined by (i) a combination of a dot density and a dot area; or (ii) an overlap of a plurality of such combinations; (c) inputting the plurality of level values to an error diffuser for obtaining an output pixel value for reproducing the image; wherein a fraction of the output pixels to be filled by an overlap of levels depends on the level values and is independent of the error diffuser.

Abstract: The input pixels in an image to be halftoned using error diffusion are dithered using a first type of passband dither. A second type of passband dither may also be added to a thresholding matrix used in halftoning. This second type of passband dither may be the same as the first type of passband dither. In such case, the second type of passband dither is a scaled multiple of the first type of passband dither. The halftoning process may be implemented in an application specific integrated circuit.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus includes a document type automatic discrimination section that, based upon input image data read from a document, automatically discriminates a document type of the document. The document type automatic discrimination section, based upon plural types of parameters (quantity of halftone pixels, quantity of photographic-picture pixels, and quantity of high density pixels) obtained from plural types of characteristics (maximum density difference, total density busyness) extracted from the input image data and which parameters are used for discriminating a document type. A specific inkjet printed image whose output image data would not reach a standard level, if a process for a halftone reproduction region or a process for a continuous tone region were to be carried out on the input image data. This can improve the accuracy of document discrimination and the image quality of reproduced image.

Abstract: A method of delivering a facsimile, including: providing a printed form for entering a message thereon using a sensing device adapted to read coded data on the form; receiving, in a computer system, interaction data representing interaction of the sensing device with the coded data, the interaction data allowing the message to be electronically captured in the computer system; and transmitting the message to a designated recipient address for facsimile delivery.

Abstract: There is provided an image reading apparatus that is capable increasing the detection accuracy for dust, scratches, dirt, and the like. Sixty-four lines of sampling points on a reference standard white plate are read, shading correction and averaging are carried out the read image data to suppress random noise components in the image data, the data is then stored in a sampling memory, and dust detection is carried out on the data stored in the sampling memory. Alternatively, shading correction and dust detection are carried out on image data that has been subjected to linear interpolation. It is thus possible to increase the accuracy of detection of dust, scratches, dirt, and the like while ensuring that shading correction is performed at high speed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for increasing a scanning resolution. The present invention is applied in optics input equipments, such as scanners and multi-function peripherals. The scanning method projects a light to an original to produce a first image and then focuses the first image with a magnification M to generate a second image. The second image is reflected from reflectors to the scanning module to process the scanning. The resolution of the image scanned by the scanning module is M times of a native resolution of the scanning module.

Abstract: In an image sensor having a plurality of photodiodes, subsets of photodiodes share a common node for signals to be sent to an amplifier. Within each subset, each individual photodiode is selected for sending signals to the amplifier by an associated selection device. The selection device is a MOS device operating in a linear region. The subset of photodiodes share a common “fill and spill” or “bucket brigade” transfer circuit to the amplifier, the transfer circuit including at least one MOS device which operates in a subthreshold region.

Abstract: A digital copying device, which serves as an image reading apparatus for improving processing speed by adjusting the timing of various operations when reading is performed using a sheet-through system, causes a first traveling body to move beneath a white reference plate in order to read the white reference plate, and then performs an ADF shading operation to move the first traveling body beneath a sheet-through contact glass. The sheet-through contact glass is then subjected to a dirt detection operation by reading a dirt detection reference plate, whereupon an original is conveyed onto the sheet-through contact glass by an ADF to perform a sheet-through reading operation whereby an image of the original is read.

Abstract: An image scanning apparatus comprising a plurality of image scanning sensors 21, 31, 41, and a CIS control chip 50 for controlling these image scanning sensors 21, 31, 41. The CIS control chip 50 has a trigger generator 54 for controlling operation of the image scanning sensors 21, 31, 41, a lamp control circuit 55, and a motor control circuit 56. The CIS control chip 50 also has an AFE 51 having a plurality of input terminals 51a to 51c for receiving the analog image signals from the first scanning sensor 21, second scanning sensor 31, and third scanning sensor 41, respectively and a gain/offset control circuit for adjusting the gain and offset of each line of analog data supplied from the image scanning sensors 21, 31, 41.

Abstract: An illuminated media position indicator for an imaging device comprises a scanner having a scanner top cover including an inner edge portion which defines an opening for a scanning platen disposed adjacent the opening. The inner edge portion defines at least one corner corresponding to a scan origin. An illuminated registration corner is positioned in said at least one corner corresponding to the scan origin and comprises at least one LED in optical communication with the illuminated registration corner. The illuminated registration corner communicates light from the at least one LED throughout the illuminated registration corner using substantially total internal reflection to indicate media position and orientation at said scan origin.

Abstract: A scanner is provided with an illumination lamp for emitting light to a first side of a document from one side of a transfer path and a CCD image sensor for receiving light reflected from the first side of the document, and a CIS provided in a document feeder is provided with an LED for emitting light to a second side of the document from the other side of the transfer path and a line sensor for receiving light reflected from the second side of the document. The illumination lamp is a xenon lamp, and the LED is a white LED having emission characteristics different from those of the xenon lamp. To the CIS, a filter is attached, which brings emission characteristics of light emitted from the LED onto a document closer to those of light emitted from the illumination lamp onto the document.

Abstract: There is disclosed a prism for use in scanning applications such as total internal reflection microscopy in which the prism is translated relative to an incident light beam. A geometry is disclosed which cancels walk of the beam footprint at the base of the prism. Walk of the beam footprint due to irregularities in a largely planar sample surface located at the prism base are cancelled by coupling movement of the incident light beam to movement of the sample in the field of view of an objective lens, for example as part of an autofocus arrangement.

Abstract: An image reading apparatus includes a transport path through which a medium to be read is transported, an image reading section disposed in a middle of the transport path and reading an image formed on the medium to be read that is transported along the transport path, a cover member that covers the image reading section and the transport path, a pressing member in which another end is supported by the cover member to cause one end to be swingable, thereby pressing the transported medium to be read against the image reading section, a circuit board member which is disposed on the cover member, and on which a grounded electric circuit is formed, and a conductive member which electrically connects the pressing member to the electric circuit formed on the circuit board member to ground the pressing member through the electric circuit.

Abstract: A calibration mechanism of a scanner includes a second light source, a calibration element having an opening, a first light source and a scanning module. The second light source is assembled with the calibration element, and the first light source is disposed at a position opposite to the calibration element. During the shading correction, the calibration element is rotated by an angle so that the first light source illuminates on a surface of the calibration element, and the reflected light enters the scanning module. When a transmissive original is being scanned, the light of the second light source passes through the opening of the calibration element and the transmissive original, and then enters the scanning module.

Abstract: A scanning apparatus of the invention comprises a scanning module that is slidably mounted to a guiding structure, and a scanning platform where is placed a document sheet to be scanned. The guiding structure includes a first track portion and a second track portion that oppositely face the scanning platform. Thereby when the scanning module is located on the first track portion, it captures the image of the front side of the document sheet. When the scanning module is located on the second track portion, it captures the image of the reverse side of the document sheet.

Abstract: A support structure which can hold an image reading apparatus in a vertically placed condition is provided. On a bottom portion of an apparatus main body 1 in such a horizontally placed condition that a document table glass 2 is installed nearly horizontally, a storage portion 1c for storing the support structure is provided, and support structures 31, 32, 33 are released from the storage portion and get into around the side of a document cover 6 and a hinge 7, from the bottom portion, and holds the apparatus main body 1 in a vertically placed condition.

Abstract: A 4-line CCD sensor according to one embodiment of the present invention has a monochromic reading line sensor section and a color reading line sensor section. This 4-line CCD sensor is characterized in that amplification factors for amplifiers 1 to 4 are set so that the amplitude of an output signal from the monochromic reading line sensor section is the same as that of each output signal from the color reading line sensor section. This 4-line CCD sensor is characterized in that the amplification factors for the amplifiers 1 to 4 are set so that the amplitude of each output signal from the color reading line sensor section is smaller than that of an output signal from the monochromic reading line sensor section.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for image projecting and/or material processing having a deflection device (3) for variably deflecting a light beam (2) emanating from a light source (1) onto a projection area or a processing area (7), a modulation device (4) for modulating an intensity of the light beam (2) and a control unit (5) which is connected to the modulation device (4) and by means of which the modulation device (4) can be triggered to modulate the intensity of the light beam (2) according to input data.

Abstract: An optical scanning device is configured in such a manner that, of four light beams for colors corresponding to black, cyan, magenta, and yellow, the angle of the reflection surface of the last folding mirror disposed in the optical path of a light beam corresponding to an image in black having the lowest brightness and the highest visibility is closest to vertical, and further, the angle of the reflection surface of the last folding mirror disposed in the optical path of a light beam corresponding to an image in yellow having the highest brightness and the lowest visibility is closest to horizontal. It is thus possible to reduce a color shift in the color image caused by reflecting a light beam having passed through the correction lens on the last folding mirror.

Abstract: By magnifying a beam light from a polarizer by a scanning lens (also referred to as a magnifying lens) and a decentered lens (serving as a correcting lens) which is a lens arranged in a side of a scanning surface with an axis thereof decentered relative to a light axis of the beam light, a spherical aberration normally exacerbated by magnifying the beam light by the scanning lens is suppressed. In addition, even if the scanning lens and the correcting lens are arranged close to the polarizer, main scanning magnification is kept small and spherical aberration is suppressed.

Abstract: A light scanning system is provided that includes a light source unit emitting light, and a light deflector having a sinusoidally vibrating deflecting surface that deflects and scans the light emitted from the light source unit. When the deflecting surface is positioned to direct light to the center of a scan range, the maximum deflection angle ?0 of the deflecting surface satisfies 20°??0?25°.

Abstract: An optical deflector includes an oscillating system and a driving system for driving the oscillating system, the oscillating system including a first oscillator, a first torsion spring, a second oscillator, a second torsion spring and a supporting member, the first oscillator including a first movable element having a light deflecting element configured to deflect light, the second oscillator including a second movable element having a mass adjusting member configured to adjust a mass, wherein the first movable element is resiliently supported by the second movable element through the first torsion spring, for torsional oscillation about an oscillation axis, wherein the second movable element is resiliently supported by the supporting member through the second torsional spring, for torsional oscillation about the oscillation axis, and wherein the oscillating system has at least two natural oscillation modes having different frequencies, about the oscillation axis.

Abstract: A MEMS-based display device is described, wherein an array of interferometric modulators are configured to reflect light through a transparent substrate. The transparent substrate is sealed to a backplate and the backplate can contain electronic circuitry for controlling the array of interferometric modulators. The backplate can provide physical support for device components, such as electronic components which can be used to control the state of the display. The backplate can also be utilized as a primary structural support for the device.

Abstract: A portable electronic device, such as a notebook computer, includes a base and a lid. The base or the lid includes a shell and a multilayer structure coating thereon. The multilayer structure includes an electrically conductive layer, an electro chromic layer, an electrolyte layer, an ion storage layer and an electrode layer stacked one on another in that order. The portable electronic device utilizes the electro chromic layer to change colors, thereby the color-change function of the portable electronic device is achieved. Additionally, the electrode layer contains a photo catalyst TiO2 that has deodorizing, antibacterial and self-cleaning functions.