Abstract: A method for manufacturing a master disk for magnetic transfer, comprising the steps of electroforming a master substrate of a metal disk with a surface on which an convexoconcave pattern corresponding to information to be transferred is transferred using a reverse die with a reversed convexoconcave pattern, and forming a magnetic layer on the convexoconcave pattern of the master substrate, the method comprising the steps of: a conductive layer forming step to form a conductive layer with a thickness t1 on a surface of the reverse die; an initial electroforming step to form a first plated layer with a thickness t2 equal to or more than the thickness t1 of the conductive layer by plating a surface of the conductive layer at a current density of 0.35 A/dm2 or less; and a main electroforming step to form a second plated layer by plating a surface of the first plated layer at a current density of 0.35 A/dm2 or more.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to an electrolytic copper plating method characterized in employing pure copper as the anode upon performing electrolytic copper plating, and performing electrolytic copper plating with the pure copper anode having a crystal grain diameter of 10 ?m or less or 60 ?m or more or a non-recrystallized anode. Provided are an electrolytic copper plating method and a pure copper anode for electrolytic copper plating used in such electrolytic copper plating method capable of suppressing the generation of particles such as sludge produced on the anode side within the plating bath upon performing electrolytic copper plating, and capable of preventing the adhesion to a semiconductor wafer, as well as a semiconductor wafer plated with the foregoing method and anode having low particle adhesion.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for electropolishing a conductive surface of a semiconductor wafer. The apparatus includes a polisher having at least one first electrode and at least one second electrode separated from one another by an isolation region. A moving mechanism rotates the wafer while the conductive surface of the wafer is moved linearly and parallel to a first direction, which varies an exposure of the relative surface areas of the conductive surface to the at least one first electrode and the at least one second electrode.

Abstract: This assembly provides a flexible method of attaching discrete sacrificial anodes to exposed steel in concrete construction to achieve an advantageous distribution of protection current. It comprises a base metal [1] that is less noble than steel, a conductor [6] connected to the base metal, a tying point [2] formed at least in part by the conductor, and a tie [4] that passes through the tying point [2] and around the steel [5]. The tie is used to physically tie the anode between steel bars prior to placing the concrete and in the process to electrically connect the anode to the steel. The tying point is open to facilitate adjusting the tie. The separation of the tie from an anode assembly with a tying point allows the tie to be selected during installation when the properties required by the application are known.

Abstract: An oxygen sensor has a laminated body with a fluid sample inlet end and an electrical contact end, a fluid sample inlet, a substantially flat test chamber communicating with the fluid sample inlet where the test chamber is adapted to collect a fluid sample through the sample fluid inlet, a working electrode and a reference electrode within the test chamber, and a reagent matrix disposed on the working electrode where the reagent matrix contains an oxidase, a reduced form of a redox mediator and a peroxidase.

Abstract: Methods and systems for contacting a crude feed with one or more catalysts produces a total product that include a crude product are described. The crude product is a liquid mixture at 25° C. and 0.101 MPa. One or more properties of the crude product may be changed by at least 10% relative to the respective properties of the crude feed. The produced crude product may include sulfur, residue, Micro-Carbon Residue, C5 asphaltenes, or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A process for reducing the rate of increase in pressure drop across a furnace convection section, the furnace convection section having a temperature profile. The process includes the steps of establishing a ratio of total dilution H2O to feedstock for the system, injecting a first portion of the total dilution H2O in the form of water into the convection section of the furnace, injecting a second portion of the dilution H2O in the form of steam into the convection section of the furnace, wherein a ratio of dilution H2O in the form of water to dilution H2O in the form of steam is established and varying the temperature profile across the convection section of the furnace by adjusting periodically the ratio of dilution H2O in the form of water to dilution H2O in the form of steam. A similar technique is conducted during decoking to remove asphaltene coke starting from the lower convection section upward.

Abstract: An apparatus for the treatment of a medical liquid has a liquid treatment machine and a cassette that is insertable in the machine. The cassette has a rigid base body with fitted chambers and passages and a foil that covers the chambers and passages. Actuators and sensors are arranged in the liquid treatment machine for the operation of the apparatus with the inserted cassette such that cassettes are insertable in different integration shapes.

Abstract: Water represents an important resource in an aircraft. In modern aircraft, sufficient water reserves are carried along in designated tanks that are regularly refilled by ground personnel. One embodiment relates to a water treatment system for aircraft that may make it possible to treat a gray water/black water mixture accumulated on board of an aircraft during its operation in sufficient quantity and quality for use in a downstream reformer. This means that the water circuit within the aircraft is closed and costly water tanks are eliminated.

Abstract: A portable filtration device filters water from a body of water within which the device can be buoyantly supported. The device generally comprises an inflatable floatation chamber arranged to support the device to float on the body of water and a filtration housing arranged to be suspended from the floating chamber in the body of water. The filtration housing has an inlet, an outlet, and a filtration medium arranged to filter water passing therethrough from the inlet to the outlet. The inlet is arranged for communication with the body of water and the outlet is arranged for communication with a filtered water reservoir for providing potable water to the reservoir.

Abstract: An underwater filtration system or operator which can be floated on and suspended in a river, lake, pond or other water body to filter water from the water body. The underwater filtration operator may be electrically charged with simultaneous introduction of continuous forced air to remove impurities from the water body and increase filtering efficiency and the system includes a split housing having a selected configuration and divided into one or more filtration units, each of which includes a filter medium or mediums for filtering water from the water body. A pump is provided in the interior of the system housing for receiving the filtered water from the filtration units and pumping the filtered water to a collection tank or dispenser, directly to an end user or to a reverse-osmosis water filtration unit for further filtration.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for wastewater treatment using a nitrogen/phosphorus removal process combined with a floatation separation of sludge that is replaced by the gravity settling secondary clarifier are provided for effectively removing organic substances, nitrogen, phosphorus, granular substances and the like from wastewater. Al or Fe electrode plate is used for generating the micro bubbles so that phosphorus is removed by Al or Fe ions dissolved from the anode.

Abstract: A device is disclosed for receiving and separating chips and coolant collecting on machine tools in which unfiltered coolant is prevented from penetrating tanks for filtered coolant in the event a receiving tank overflows. This is achieved in that holders, whose projecting ends, which are directed downward, extend into an overflow channel, are tightly attached externally to the wall of the receiving tank. The overflow channel is guided around the device at a level below the top edge of the receiving tank and is removably held on the holders. The overflow channel tightly covers tanks located beneath it having filtered coolant. The inner edge of the overflow channel neighboring the receiving tank lies at a higher level than the outer edge of the overflow channel, which is further away from the receiving tank, and at least one outlet device is provided in the bottom region of the overflow channel.

Abstract: A hollow fiber membrane module with a fixed structure comprises: a bearing shell (7), an inlet (8), a concentrated water outlet (10), a produced water outlet (9), a central tube (1) and hollow fiber membranes (6), in which the hollow fiber membranes (6), the central tube (1) and the bearing shell (7) are fixed together, the inlet (8) is located at one end of the hollow fiber membranes (6), the concentrated water outlet (10) is located at the other end of the hollow fiber membranes (6), the produced water outlet(s) (9) is(are) located at one end or both ends of the central tube (1), and there are small holes drilled on the side wall of the central tube (1). The module also comprises at least one separate fixed ring(s) (2) for fixing the hollow fiber membranes (6), with the separate fixed ring(s) (2) fixed on the central tube (1) and the hollow fiber membranes (6) arranged in parallel through the separate fixed ring(s) (2).

Abstract: A system and method for treating wastewater includes a treatment container for receiving and treating wastewater and a mixing/aeration system disposed in the treatment container. Wastewater is pumped under pressure from the treatment container through a solids/liquid separation system, preferably comprising multiple parallel membrane bioreactors, to separate the solids and liquids in the wastewater. Liquid retentate from the solids/liquid separation system is cycled back to the treatment container via the mixing/aeration system. The closed-loop system and method for solids/liquid separation and aeration/mixing provides for reduced equipment requirements and energy usage during operation.

Abstract: In a method for extracting ingredients, particularly foreign substances, from liquids or solids dispersions by using compressed extraction agents such as, for instance, supercritical or liquid carbon dioxide, the liquid or dispersion is applied as a thin film in a pressure-tight reactor and the surface of the thin film is treated with the extraction agent, particularly carbon dioxide, wherein the surface of the thin film is constantly renewed over at least a portion of the layer thickness of the thin film by mechanically acting on said liquid or dispersion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to mixed-modal anion-exchange materials composed of a support on which a ligand is immobilized. The ligand combines at least one basic domain based on cyclic monobasic derivatives with two or more rings as anion-exchange domain and at least one non-ionic binding domain. The basic domain is ionized under the conditions of use and may contain secondary, tertiary, or quaternary nitrogen forming a weakly (WAX) or strongly (SAX) basic anionic exchange domains. The non-ionic binding domain allows adjustment of the overall hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity of the material and represents a second binding site for the solute to be separated. Binding to this second binding site is based on reversed phase (RP), hydrophobic interaction (HIC) or hydrophilic interaction (HILIC).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for removing impurities from an aqueous stream. The method includes directing the aqueous stream into an adsorbent contact zone and contacting the aqueous stream with an adsorbent material in the adsorbent contact zone so that impurities in the aqueous stream are adsorbed onto the adsorbent material. The aqueous stream and the adsorbent material is then directed to a ballasted flocculation zone where the adsorbent material is mixed with ballast to form sludge. The aqueous stream is then separated from the sludge to produce treated water and the sludge is settled in a settling zone. The ballast is then separated from the sludge and directed to the ballasted flocculation zone while the sludge and the adsorbent material are directed to a transition zone.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for treating wastewater. The apparatus comprises a reactor having a flow channel generally centrally located in a reactor and immersed in the water or wastewater in the reactor. An agitator is disposed within the flow channel and induces water or wastewater to enter the open upper end thereof and to move downwardly through the flow channel where the water or wastewater is discharged via a flow divider. A reagent is injected into the water or wastewater and the agitator within the flow channel serves to mix the reagent with the water or wastewater passing therethrough and in the process causes at least a slightly turbulent and downward axial flow through the flow channel.

Abstract: A method for separating a volume of a composite liquid into at least a first component and a second component is performed in a centrifuge cooperating with a separation bag containing the volume of composite liquid. The separation bag is connected to at least a first component bag and a second component bag. The separation bag is spun so as to centrifuge the volume of composite liquid and cause the sedimentation of the at least first and second components. When the at least first and second components have sedimented, the first component is transferred at least one first transfer flow rate into the first component bag. When the first component has been transferred into the first component bag, the second component is transferred into the intermediate component bag at least one second transfer flow rate that is different from the at least one first transfer flow rate.

Abstract: A method for treating contaminates includes delivering a stream of a fluid to a directional microporous diffuser that has a sidewall with microscopic openings and has a partitioned interior region to effect discharge of microbubbles from less than the entire sidewall portion of the directional microporous diffuser at any particular interval of time. The directional microporous diffuser described include an elongated member providing the sidewall, the sidewall defining an interior portion of said member and coupled to the first inlet port and a partition member that divides the interior of the elongated member into plural, mutually isolated regions. End caps are disposed to seal ends of the directional microporous diffuser.

Abstract: A method of the present invention is presented for deep etching of features on a surface. In one embodiment, the method includes providing a substrate having a surface selected to undergo a feature etching process and coating the substrate surface with a protective layer and an imprintable layer. The coated substrate is then subjected to a feature imprinting and etching process. Subsequent to the feature etching process, exposed portions of the protective layer are removed, exposing a well-defined, topographically patterned substrate. In addition, an apparatus for undergoing a feature etching process is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a substrate, an imprintable layer selected to undergo an imprinting process, and a protective layer positioned between the substrate and the imprintable layer.

Abstract: Refrigerant composition are disclosed which comprises: (a) pentafluoroethane, trifluoromethoxydifluoromethane or hexafluorocyclopropane, or a mixture of two or more thereof, in an amount of at least 75% based on the weight of the composition, (b) 1,1,1,2- or 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, trifluoromethoxypentafluoroethane, 1,1,1,2,3,3-heptafluoropropane or a mixture of two or more thereof, in an amount of from 10 to 20% by weight based on the weight of the composition and (c) an ethylenically unsaturated or saturated hydrocarbon, optionally containing one or more oxygen atoms, with a boiling point from ?50° C. to +35° C., or a mixture thereof in an amount from 1% to 4% by weight based on the weight of the composition the weight ratio of component (a): component (b) being at least 4:1.

Abstract: A process and composition of matter for the recovery of metal from a metal-laden ore, soil or rock is provided. A liquid, non-toxic, low pH acidic composition is used as a chelating agent that extracts the metal into a pregnant liquid solution. The pregnant solution is treated by known conventional means, such as filtration, centrifuging, or electrolysis to remove the extracted metals. The low pH, acidic composition (LpHAC) does not have any known toxicity to man or the environment and performs as an ideal fluidized reaction metal extractant. As a metal extracting agent, it effectively and efficiently extracts gold and other metals from ore laden soil or rock with no environmental and negative health impact.

Abstract: A stabilized aqueous mixture containing at least one borohydride compound and at least one metal hydroxide compound. The mixture has improved stability with regard to decomposition of borohydride, especially at elevated temperatures.

Abstract: A pre-polymer/liquid crystal composition is disclosed and includes, a liquid crystal component, a photo polymerization initiator, and a polymer precursor component. The polymer precursor component includes at least, a silane monomer, reactive (meth)acryloxy monomer or oligomer, and an ester, urethane, or (meth)acrylate based polymer or oligomer, bearing one or more reactive (meth)acrylate groups. Methods of forming a bistable electro-optical device are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid crystal (LC) material that aligns homeotropically on substrates with high or low surface energy.

Abstract: The invention is generally related to a polymer/liquid crystal composite, which includes a liquid crystal material which exhibits an optically isotropic liquid crystal phase in the temperature range of approximately 5° C. or more in the elevated temperature process but does not exhibit a nematic phase; and a polymer, and which is used for an element driven in a state of the optically isotropic liquid crystal phase.

Abstract: The invention relates to anti-Stokes fluorescent material compositions which, upon excitation by IR radiation, emits IR radiation without significant quantities of visible blue light being emitted at the same time, and which are therefore suitable as invisible security marks.

Abstract: Light emitting devices including backlights having a light source and a phosphor material including a complex fluoride phosphor activated with Mn4+ which may include at least one of (A) A2[MF5]:Mn4+; where A is selected from Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, NH4, and combinations thereof; and where M is selected from Al, Ga, In, or combinations thereof; (B) A3[MF6]:Mn4+, where A is selected from Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, NH4, and combinations thereof; and where M is selected from Al, Ga, In, or combinations thereof; (C) Zn2[MF7]:Mn4+, where M is selected from Al, Ga, In, or combinations thereof; and (D) A[In2F7]:Mn4+ where A is selected from Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, NH4, or combinations thereof.

Abstract: Novel aluminum-silicate based orange-red phosphors, with mixed di- and trivalent cations are disclosed. The phosphors have the formula (Sr1?x?yMxTy)3?mEum(Si1?zAlz)O5, where M is at least one of Ba, Mg, Ca, and Zn in an amount ranging from 0?x?0.4. T is a trivalent metal in an amount ranging from 0?y?0. This phosphor is configured to emit visible light having a peak emission wavelength greater than about 580 nm. The phosphors may contain a halogen anion such as F, Cl, and Br, at least some of which is substitutionally positioned on oxygen lattice sites. The present aluminum-silicate phosphors have applications in white and orange-red illumination systems, as well as plasma display panels.

Abstract: A solvent composition contains a tetralin compound (a) represented by the formula (I) and a polyether compound (b) represented by the formula (II). The solvent composition is excellent in safety and almost odorless, having a high capability of dissolving various organic materials, and also excellent in affinity to various substrates. The solvent composition is suitably used for various applications including various kinds of paints, adhesives, coating materials, detergents, and the like.

Abstract: A polymer electrolyte that may be used in a fuel cell includes sulfonated polyether ketone ketone and a cross-linking agent.

Abstract: A conductive polyoxymethylene composition comprising a first polyoxymethylene component, a conductive filler, at least one boron oxyacid or salt thereof, and at least one first polyamide oligomer is disclosed. The first polyoxymethylene component comprises a copolymer of oxymethylene, a homopolymer of oxymethylene, and mixtures thereof, and is present in an amount of from about 50 to about 99.5 weight percent based on the total weight of the composition. The conductive filler is present in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 40 percent by weight based on the total weight of the composition. The boron oxyacid or salt thereof and the first polyamide oligomer stabilize the composition such that articles formed therefrom exhibit reduced or eliminated deterioration. Further, when exposed to higher temperature, pressure, and high-fuel content environments, the articles maintain the desired physical properties.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a non-aqueous conductive nanoink composition including 20 to 85 parts by weight of metal nanoparticles which is chosen from silver, copper, nickel, platinum, palladium, and gold; 0.5 to 10 parts by weight of a polymer having an anhydride group; 15 to 80 parts by weight of a non-aqueous organic solvent. The non-aqueous conductive nanoink composition of the present invention prevents cracks during the drying process, increases the adhesion between wiring and substrate, and allows forming conductive wirings and films without cracks and delamination on the substrate such as polymer including polyimide and glass or silicon wafer.

Abstract: The black bus electrode of plasma display panel is formed from a conductive composition comprising a conductive powder, glass powder, organic binder, organic solvent, and black pigment, wherein the conductive powder is coated with metal selected from the group of Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt and Au.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a silver-containing polarizing boroaluminosilicate glass composition that has been doped with a noble metal selected from the group consisting of Pt, Pd, Os, Ir, Rh and Ru, including mixtures thereof, to nucleate and precipitate silver ions to silver metal without the need for a reducing atmosphere step. The invention is further directed to a method for making the glass composition of the invention. Using the composition and method of the invention, one can prepare a glass having a selected null transmission range.

Abstract: A sputtering target which is formed of a sintered body including an oxide main components of which are In and Sm. A sputtering target in which a sintered body of an oxide including In and Sm as main components is doped with at least one element with an atomic valency of positive tetravalency or higher in an amount of 20 at. % or less relative to the total sum of all cation elements.

Abstract: An alternate polymer extrusion method and system reduces “drool” effects that detract from precise control over the content of two or more materials in an extrudate along its length. In the system, two or more extruders direct melt to two or more gear pumps. Control of the speed of the gear pumps controls the amount of each material emergent from the pumps, proceeding to a convergence in the paths from the pumps and thence to a die. Melt in each path between each pump and the convergence tends to expand and drool into the convergence as its associated pump is slowed and stopped. To prevent this, in the die, a constriction in each path just upstream of the convergence greatly reduces drool past that point by requiring a much greater pressure to force the melt past the constriction. The increased pressure required increases compression and expansion of the melt between the pump and the construction as a pump starts or increases in speed, on one hand, and stop or decreases in speed, on the other hand.

Abstract: To provide a method of pelletizing friction material that makes it possible to preliminarily form friction materials after pelletizing, and a method of producing preliminarily formed friction material. The method of pelletizing friction material includes the steps of: pressing powdery friction material without heating, in which plurality of materials are mixed, with 0.1 to 5.0 weight-percent of solvent; and grinding the pressed and hardened material. When handling powdery friction material, in which plurality of materials including at least one sticky material are mixed, less than or equal to 5.0 weight-percent of solvent is added in the pressing process. Feeding the pelletized material in a metal mold and pressing the material without heating produce a preliminarily formed friction material.

Abstract: A continuous process for coating ePTFE with polymer wherein a first coating of fluoropolymer-containing liquid medium is formed on a moving elongate substrate, elongate ePTFE is contacted with the coated substrate to form an inchoate composite structure, and a final coating of fluoropolymer-containing liquid medium is formed on the inchoate composite structure.

Abstract: A system and method for making and using a reconfigurable composite part mandrel operable in the manufacture of composite parts. The system may comprise an assembly fixture, a generic mandrel, a reconfigurable simulated skin, a reconfigurable frame portion, and state-changing material operable to harden into a desired configuration for forming a particular composite part. The method of forming and using the reconfigurable composite part mandrel may comprise: inserting the simulated skin within the assembly fixture, inserting or assembling the frame portion within the assembly fixture; inserting the generic mandrel into the assembly fixture; filling a cavity between the generic mandrel and the assembly fixture with the state-changing mixture to encapsulate the frame portion; hardening the state-changing mixture; and removing the assembly fixture and the simulated skin.

Abstract: A method and a device for processing preforms which are made of a thermoplastic plastic material and are blow molded into containers. In a first production process, the preforms are produced by injection molding in the area of an injection molding tool. At least some areas of the preforms are impinged upon by a cooling device. The preforms are deformed by applying negative pressure, wherefore the cooling device can be made at least in part of a porous material.

Abstract: A method for the production of plates of material with overmoulded parts made of plastic material of different dimensions, of shapes and colors, by means of a first injection for the formation of the plate and a subsequent injection compression for overmoulding said parts on the plate. Each injection can conveniently be performed with sequentially controlled injection spots.

Abstract: A material feed system for solid freeform fabrication. The build material is delivered in discrete or quantized amounts by a clamp feed system in a non-flowable state to the dispensing device and the material is then changed to a flowable state prior to being dispensed. The feed system can be used to build three-dimensional objects in color, if desired. The clamped feed system is integrated with a waste removal system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a substrate-supported process for continuous and automated manufacturing of microfibrous fuel cells and other electrochemical cells. Specifically, a removable substrate layer is formed around an inner current collector, followed by sequentially coating multiple structure layers, such as the inner catalyst layer, the membrane separator, and the outer catalyst layer, over such removable substrate layer, and subsequent removing such removable substrate layer, so as to form a lumen around the inner current collector, to allow passage of fluid therethrough. The removable substrate layer preferably comprises a water-soluble polymer, such as polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), or polyethylene glycol (PEG).

Abstract: In one embodiment of the present invention, a method comprises a plurality of operations. An operation is performed for depositing a quantity of article-forming media within a media receiving cavity of article forming equipment. After depositing at least a portion of the article-forming media within the media receiving cavity, an operation performed for depositing a volume of a prescribed fluid into the media receiving cavity. Depositing the prescribed fluid includes moving a first fluid delivery device through the quantity of the article-forming media while injecting the prescribed fluid through the first fluid delivery device into the quantity of the article-forming media.

Abstract: A method of molding a golf ball core utilizing a single cavity mold that moves on a continuous conveyor system wherein heated preps are automatically and individually taken directly from the extruder and robotically placed into a bottom mold half that is integral with and moves along a conveyor at a speed consistent with the output from the extruder. This eliminates the prep's inefficient loss of heat during storage that is associated with the batch process. The method provides preheating each top and bottom mold half in separate conveyor ovens to about 350° F. prior to the prep being loaded into the bottom mold half. After the prep is loaded, the top and bottom mold halves are assembled to create the single cavity mold. The single cavity mold compresses the prep into a spherical core shape by utilizing spring force and retainer plates to exert about 384 lbs of force. The core is then moved by conveyor into a convection oven wherein the core is cured to a temperature of about 350° F.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing a pneumatic tire including a rigid core for forming a green tire on an outer face and a vulcanizing mold which can transport the green tire together with the rigid core such that the vulcanizing mold is closed to form a vulcanization space for sealing and storing the green tire between the vulcanizing mold and the rigid core so that the green tire is vulcanized in the vulcanization space, an annular movable seal supported by either one of the vulcanizing mold or the rigid core, and an urging means for urging the movable seal from the one of the vulcanizing mold and the rigid core that supports the annular movable seal toward a surface of the other of the vulcanizing mold and the rigid core, the movable seal being urged by the urging means toward the surface of the other of the vulcanizing mold and the rigid core so as to prevent generation of a gap between the vulcanizing mold and the rigid core when the vulcanizing mold is closed, and to absorb a change in shape of the rigid co

Abstract: A method of injection molding at least one part in a single mold having therein at least one cavity, the method comprising providing first and second injection molding devices, using the first injection molding device to inject material into the single mold, and thereafter using the second injection molding device to inject material into the single mold.