Abstract: An electrical component is placed on a substrate. At least one film comprising a plastic material is connected to the component and to the substrate in such a way that a surface contour defined by the component and the substrate is represent is represented in a surface contour of the part of the film. Said film is laminated onto the component and the substrate in such a way that the film follows the topology of the arrangement consisting of the component and the substrate. Said film is in contact with the component and the substrate in a positive and non-positive manner, and comprises a composite material containing a filler that is different to the plastic material. The processability and electrical properties of the film are influenced by the filler or the composite material obtained thereby. In this way, other functions can be integrated into the film. Said component is, for example, a power semiconductor component. An electrically insulating and thermoconductive film is used, for example.

Abstract: A hybrid drive unit (10) for a motor vehicle with an internal combustion engine (12) and at least one electric machine (14) optionally operable as a motor or as a generator, has a charge air compressor (22) for compression of combustion air supplied to the internal combustion engine (12) and a charge air cooler (32) for cooling the combustion air. The hybrid drive unit (10) has a low-temperature cooling circuit (38) carrying a liquid coolant and is designed separately from a high-temperature cooling circuit of the internal combustion engine (12) and has a heat exchanger (42) for cooling the coolant, whereby the low-temperature cooling circuit (38) includes the charge air cooler (32) and the electric machine (12) and/or electronic components (34, 36) allocated to the electric machine (14).

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a turbine wherein the rotor windings receive current from a CPU-controlled high speed operational amplifier and the stator windings include four-stage poles with configurations controlled by the CPU. The control of the current to the rotor and the control of the configuration of the four-stage poles of the stator windings is used to provide for constant amplitude (i.e., voltage) and frequency output of the turbine over a range of rotational velocities and loads. The turbine can be used in many applications including, but not limited to, wind or water driven applications.

Abstract: A subsurface power generating system in one embodiment includes a frame, an electric generator supported by the frame and operably connected to a first vertical rotor, another electric generator supported by the frame and operably connected to a second vertical rotor, a first louver operably connected to the first vertical rotor and including a front side, and a back side, and pivotable between a first position whereat the backside is in contact with a first pivot limiting structure, and a second position whereat the backside is not in contact with the first pivot limiting structure, and a second louver operably connected to the second vertical rotor and including a front side, and a back side, and pivotable between a third position whereat the backside is in contact with a second pivot limiting structure, and a fourth position whereat the backside is not in contact with the second pivot limiting structure.

Abstract: Described herein are marine devices and methods that convert mechanical energy in one or more waves to mechanical energy that is better suited for conversion into electrical energy. The marine devices employ a mechanical energy conversion system that harnesses wave energy and converts it into limited motion that is suitable for input to an electrical energy generator.

Abstract: A method for the operation of a wind energy plant, with a synchronous generator, a superimposition gearbox, which is connected between rotor shaft and generator shaft, and a drive unit, wherein before connecting the synchronous generator to the electric grid, the drive unit drives the synchronous generator until the same has reached its rated rotational speed.

Abstract: An operating device capable of assuring safety when operating on-vehicle equipment of an automobile is implemented. The operating device includes force sensors buried in a grasping part of a steering wheel in a vehicle, a detector for detecting force acted on the grasping part on the basis of an output signal of each of the force sensors, and a controller for outputting an operating signal to a piece of the on-vehicle equipment mounted on the vehicle on the basis of a detected signal supplied from the detector. As a result, it is possible to operate force sensors and operate the on-vehicle equipment by adjusting force used to grip the steering wheel or pressing the steering wheel without letting go the driver's hold of the steering wheel.

Abstract: Power supply equipment includes circuitry for converting an input voltage to first and second DC voltages provided at respective power ports. One of the ports is connected to a cable having a connector or connector adapter which has a shape and pin out compatible for detachably mating with a first electronic device. A second port is connected to a connector for receiving a cable for coupling to a second electronic device. The power supply powers the first electronic device at the first DC voltage and the second electronic device at the second DC voltage.

Abstract: A power equalization circuit in a transformer-based device having a plurality of isolated voltage outputs is provided. The circuit comprises: a threshold detection circuit configured to receive an error signal derived from a selected voltage at one of the isolated voltage outputs, and to determine whether the selected voltage is above a voltage threshold based on the error signal; a timer circuit configured to activate a wait signal after a maximum voltage drift time has expired since the selected voltage rose above the voltage threshold, and to activate a wink signal coincident with the wait signal; an overdrive current source configured to drive an error current to an overdriven value in response to the wait signal; and a commutator circuit connected to a transistor winding associated with the selected isolated voltage output, the commutator being configured to connect a transformer secondary winding to ground in response to the wink signal.

Abstract: The present invention presents an uninterruptible power supply device including an input circuit coupled between a voltage input terminal and a rectifier circuit, in which the input circuit includes a boost choke being charged with an AC current received from the voltage input terminal for providing a boosted AC voltage to the rectifier circuit. The rectifier circuit is configured to convert the boosted AC voltage into an intermediate DC voltage. The intermediate DC voltage is converted through an inverter into a poly-phase output AC voltage for use by a load.

Abstract: A wind park with a plurality of wind energy plants, which each have one plant control, which presets a desired value for the active power to its wind energy plant, and with a park control, which presets a desired value for the active power to be generated for each plant control and limits the active power fed by the wind park to a preset value, by shutting down a first group of wind energy plants and presetting a desired value for the active power to a second group of wind energy plants at a time, characterised in that the park control starts the wind energy plants of the first group again when the sum of the actual values of the active power of the wind energy plants of the second group has reached the preset desired value and/or a predetermined time duration has elapsed.

Abstract: Means and methods of remotely powering a plurality of sensor coils are described. The plurality of sensor coils can be inductively coupled to a single, primary coil so as to bias the active circuitry of the sensors. The primary and sensor coils can have a separation on the order of inches, such that the sensors can be mounted exterior to a vessel and the primary coil can be mounted interior to the vessel. In some embodiments, the primary coil can be a wire coil. In other embodiments, the primary coil can be a planar coil pattern etched onto a printed circuit board.

Abstract: Disclosed is a high-voltage pulse generating circuit comprising an inductor, a first semiconductor switch and a second semiconductor switch connected in series between both ends of a DC power supply unit. A diode unit is connected between a gate terminal of the first semiconductor switch and one end of the inductor (namely, one end of a primary coil). A resistor is connected between the gate terminal of the first semiconductor switch and the one end of the inductor. The resistor serves as a gate current-supplying means which allows a gate current to flow to the first semiconductor switch when the second semiconductor switch is turned on.

Abstract: A cup-shaped sleeve is made mainly of a resin and has an end where a plurality of pieces of a permanent magnet are insert-molded. An auxiliary ring made mainly of a resin is provided along an inner peripheral surface of the cup-shaped sleeve other than an inner peripheral surface thereof where the permanent magnet is provided. The auxiliary ring has its inner peripheral surface identical to the inner peripheral surface of the permanent magnet or located outside relative to the inner peripheral surface of the permanent magnet. When the cup-shaped sleeve is resin-molded, the resin which is a component of the cup-shaped sleeve is prevented from shrinking inward. Therefore, contact between the resin supporting the permanent magnet and the cylinder is prevented. Accordingly, a linear drive device is obtained in which the reciprocation of the piston is prevented from being hindered.

Abstract: An electric motor starting device for an electric motor that incorporates air, gas, liquid or electrically actuated engine starter to initiate rotation of an electric motor and its associated driven component. Embodiments of the present invention provide apparatus and method for starting an electric motor whether or not it is being used to drive any type of mechanical or electrical device, and are consistent with use as an alternative to or in conjunction with any electric motor starting method or technology.

Abstract: A motor-fastening mechanism fastens an output shaft of a motor and an input shaft of a driven member to each other. The motor-fastening mechanism has a fastening section which fastens the output shaft of the motor and the input shaft of the driven member relatively immovably, a motor-attachment member which is attached to the motor, an engaged section which is provided on either one of the motor-attachment member and the driven member, and an engaging section which is provided on the other of the motor-attachment member and the driven member and which is engaged to the engaged section such that displacement of the output shaft in a rotating direction thereof is regulated.

Abstract: A limited rotation motor system is disclosed that includes a rotor shaft mounted within first and second bearing units. The rotor shaft is coupled to a helically shaped torsion member that is fixed with respect to a motor housing.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a water-repellent motor assembly for rotisserie and casing thereof, which comprises an inner shroud, a motor provided in the inner shroud and an outer shroud mounted around the inner shroud. A plurality of parallel bent, elongated projecting plates are projected out of an outer surface of the outer shroud. A plurality of second openings are formed on the outer shroud, correspond to the projecting plate, and are partially concealed by the projecting plates for preventing fluid from entering the outer shroud. The inner shroud comprises one or more recesses on its outer surface. A plurality of raised members are formed on an outer surface of the inner shroud and correspond to the second openings. The raised members are protruded toward the second openings and each of the raised members comprises a first opening formed on its projecting portion.

Abstract: Provided is a bearing bush enabling excellent advancing and retreating movements of a shaft member by eliminating a clearance between the bearing bush and the shaft member to eliminate a backlash therebetween, capable of reducing a load of dimension control on both the bearing bush and the shaft member, and capable of being manufactured at a low cost. The bearing bush (4) for supporting the reciprocating movement of the shaft member (1) in an axial direction has a receiving hole through which the shaft member (1) is passed. Grooves (40) are sequentially formed at predetermined intervals in an inner peripheral surface of the bearing bush (4) facing the receiving hole. An inner diameter of the receiving hole is formed to be equal to or smaller than an outer diameter of the shaft member (1), and the bearing bush is press-fitted to an outer peripheral surface of the shaft member (1) in a state of a so-called interference fit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a limit structure for motor spindle, which includes a base equipped with a shaft tube and a stator set. A limit member and a bearing are disposed inside a shaft tube such that a spindle can be inserted and rotated in the bearing. The inner wall of a through hole of the limit member has plural limit protrusions extended toward a center of the through hole for snapping a necking of a nose of a spindle to limit its axial displacement. The limit protrusion forms a non-vertical included angle with the inner wall of the through hole in a tilted manner. Therefore, when the limit protrusions are subjected to compression of the nose of the spindle, its deformation is so small that irrecoverable condition and fracture of the limit protrusion and rotor drop can be prevented.

Abstract: An induction machine includes a stator provided with stator windings and a first rotor provided with first rotor windings, and generates an induction current in one of the stator windings and the first rotor windings by a rotating magnetic field generated in the other of the stator windings and the first rotor windings. A synchronous machine includes a second rotor which is provided with second rotor windings connected to the first rotor windings and coupled to the first rotor, and a third rotor which is provided with permanent magnets and rotatable independent of the second rotor, and a torque acts between the second rotor and the third rotor due to the interaction between the rotating magnetic field generated in the second rotor windings and the field flux generated in the permanent magnets.

Abstract: The rotor (1) of an electrical machine (10), having at least one permanent magnet (3), which is embodied as a hollow cylinder (5) and which has axial contact faces (20) that cooperate with corresponding axial clamping faces (22) of at least one retaining element (4), with which element the permanent magnet (3) is secured to the rotor (1), in which at least one of the clamping faces (22) has a knurling (46) extending in the radial direction.

Abstract: In a rotary electric machine, at least one of first and second ends of each conductor segment is at least partially joined to at least one of the first and second ends of a corresponding another one of the conductor segments to provide the stator winding including a plurality of joint portions of the plurality of conductor segments. An insulating film covers each of the conductor segments except for at least the joint portions of the stator winding. At least part of the insulating film of each of the conductor segments located close to a corresponding one of the joint portions contains an evaporatable component. An amount in ppm of the evaporatable component contained in the at least part of the insulating film is adjusted to be equal to or lower than 20000 ppm.

Abstract: An insulation structure of rotary electrical machinery which electrically insulates teeth of a stator from a winding wound on the teeth includes: an insulator made from hard insulation material, disposed on both axial ends of the teeth, and having a side wall disposed along a side surface of the teeth crossing to a circumferential direction thereof, and a high-heat-conductive electrical-insulation resin sheet disposed along the side surface of the teeth and insulating the teeth from the winding, wherein an axial end portion of the high-heat-conductive electrical-insulation resin sheet is disposed between the side wall of the insulator and the side surface of the teeth and is stacked on the side wall in a prescribed axial extent.

Abstract: A stator includes a first through a third windings, and a first and a second interphase insulators. The first interphase insulator has a first pair of strip-shaped insulating sheets and a first connecting portion. End portions of the insulating sheets are connected to the respective opposite end portions to form joints. The first connecting portion connects the insulating sheets so that the joints are shifted so as to be disposed in a region avoiding an interference with the first winding on both of a lead-extending side and the opposite side. In the second interphase insulator similarly constructed, a second connecting portion connects a second pair of the strip-shaped insulating sheets so that joints are shifted so as to be disposed in a region avoiding an interference with the third winding on both of the lead-extending side and the opposite side.

Abstract: A commutator having a plurality of segments, a short-circuit member assembly, a holding portion, and a plurality of spacing members is disclosed. The short-circuit member assembly includes a plurality of short-circuit pieces. Each short-circuit piece has an outer terminal, an inner terminal arranged radially inward from the outer terminal and circumferentially offset from the outer terminal at a predetermined offset angle, and a connecting portion connecting the inner terminal to the outer terminal. The holding portion covers the segments and at least a portion of the short-circuit member assembly to hold the segments and the short-circuit member assembly. The spacing members each have an insulated support portion and a plurality of insulated spacing projections formed integrally with the support portion. Each support portion extends in a radial direction of the short-circuit member assembly.

Abstract: A claw teeth type electric rotary machine comprises a stator including an annular core with claws formed from a powder core and an annular coil installed inside the annular core, and a rotor rotatably positioned inside the stator. An inner edge of the annular core is provided with plural claw poles which are protruded at a predetermined interval in a circumferential direction and extended in an axial direction of the annular core so as to alternately meshes with each other. The stator comprises the annular core with claws, the annular coil, and a molded nonmagnetic potting material filled between the annular core with claws and annular coil, so that the annular core with claws and annular coil are integrated with the molded potting non-magnetic material.

Abstract: It is made easy for a stator winding to be wound around a stator core and degradation in efficiency is prevented as much as possible. A stator (6) includes a plurality of phases, i.e., of circumferentially divided stator magnetic poles (6a, 6b, 6c). The stator magnetic poles (6a, 6b, 6c) are each composed of an arcuate stator core (13) having a plurality of axially extending claw poles (16b) and a circumferentially elliptically wound stator winding (14). The stator magnetic poles (6a, 6b, 6c) are magnetically divided; therefore, magnetic flux leakage is reduced to improve efficiency. Air flowing between the stator magnetic poles (6a, 6b, 6c) can improve a cooling effect.

Abstract: An electromagnetic actuator includes a rotor rotatable within a predetermined angular range, a magnetizing coil, and a yoke having an arcuate surface facing the rotor, and first and second magnetic-pole parts that have mutually different magnetic poles upon energizing the coil. The rotor includes a magnetized rotor part defining the outer peripheral surface of the rotor and magnetized to have different magnetic poles, a non-magnetized driving pin rotatable with the magnetized rotor part, and a protrusion part protruding radially from the rotor and facing the first or second magnetic-pole part while being magnetized to have the same magnetic pole as the outer peripheral surface of the rotor. The surface of the rotor that faces the yoke and that exerts a magnetic action is increased due to the inclusion of the protrusion part, and hence a desired maintaining force and driving torque can be obtained.

Abstract: An actuator 100 includes: a pair of driving portions 1, 11 spaced apart from each other; a movable portion 2 provided between the pair of driving portions 1, 11; a pair of supporting portions 3, 3 for supporting the pair of driving portions 1, 11 and the movable portion 2; a pair of first elastic connecting portions 4, 4 which respectively connect the pair of driving portions 1, 11 to the pair of supporting portions 3, 3 so that each of the driving portions 1, 11 can rotate with respect to the supporting portions 3, 3; and a pair of second elastic connecting portions 5, 5 which respectively connect the movable portion 2 to the pair of driving portions 1, 11 so that the movable portion 2 can rotate in accordance with the rotation of the pair of driving portions 1, 11.

Abstract: This electrostatic actuator includes an electret film and a conductor layer formed on the electret film, and the conductor layer is so formed as to have a sectional shape reduced in width upward from the side closer to the electret film.

Abstract: A piezoelectric resonator includes a laminated thin film having a first thin film portion supported by a substrate and a second thin film portion spaced apart from a first main surface of the substrate and acoustically isolated from the substrate. The second thin film portion of the laminated thin film includes a piezoelectric thin film, a first electrode disposed on the upper surface of the piezoelectric thin film, and a second electrode disposed on the lower surface of the piezoelectric thin film and being larger and thicker than the first electrode. The piezoelectric resonator further includes a mass adding film disposed around the first electrode and on at least one portion of a region extending outward from the periphery of a piezoelectric vibrating portion at which the first and second electrodes overlap each other with the piezoelectric thin film disposed therebetween.

Abstract: A mechanism for capturing mechanical energy and converting it to electrical energy for use continually charging or providing emergency power to mobile, battery-powered devices comprises a plurality of elongated piezoelectric elements mounted at one or support points to one or more support structures. The plurality of piezoelectric elements are preferably structured and arranged so that at least each three-dimensional coordinate axis has at least one element with a dominant mode of deflection in a plane normal to the axis, in order to permit harvesting energy from forces applied in any direction without regard to the orientation of the energy harvesting mechanism to the source of forces. This results in improved coupling of the transducer with the random movements or vibrations that may not confined to any particular plane or in a plane that is not necessarily aligned with the plane in which a piezoelectric element is designed to bend, thus improving the efficiency of energy capture.

Abstract: Disclosed is a piezoelectric component (1) comprising a piezoelectric transducer (10) wherein a pair of electrodes (20a, 20b) are formed on both major surfaces of a piezoelectric substrate (11), a pair of frame members (30a, 30b) fitted to both major surfaces of the piezoelectric transducer (10), a pair of sealing substrates (40a, 40b) composed of a light-transmitting resin material and so fitted as to cover the frame members (30a, 30b), opaque coating layers (50a, 50b) respectively formed on the sealing substrates (40a, 40b), and a pair of input/output terminal electrodes (61a, 61b) respectively connected to the electrodes (20a, 20b). By having such a constitution, the state of sealed space and sealing widths of the frame members (30a, 30b) can be checked by visual examination such as direct visual observation or image recognition, and thus a highly reliable piezoelectric component (1) can be obtained. In addition, a mark can be made on the coating layers (50a, 50b).

Abstract: A display panel assembly includes a first substrate having an effective display region for displaying an image and a non-effective display region positioned at a peripheral region outside of the effective display region, a second substrate facing the first substrate, a sealing member disposed along a boundary between the effective display region and the non-effective display region between the first and second substrates, the sealing member including a thermosetting material, and an exothermnic member interposed between the sealing member and the first substrate to generate heat for curing the sealing member.

Abstract: An electron emission device includes first electrodes formed on a substrate and oriented in a first direction of the substrate, and isolated electrodes disposed on a same plane as the first electrodes while being spaced apart from the first electrodes. The isolated electrodes are separately formed and arranged in the first direction as well as in a second direction crossing the first direction. Line electrodes are placed on a different plane from the first electrodes and the isolated electrodes and are disposed on an insulating layer. Each of the line electrodes is electrically connected to a respective plurality of the isolated electrodes arranged along the second direction to form a second electrode together with the respective plurality of the isolated electrodes. Electron emission regions are formed on the isolated electrodes along the peripheral sides of the isolated electrodes proximate to the first electrodes.

Abstract: Phosphor from the class of the oxynitridosilicates, having a cation M which is doped with divalent europium, and having the empirical formula MSi2O2N2, where M=Sr1-x-yCayEux where 0.3?x+y?0.725, with a Ca/Eu ratio of >1, the oxynitridosilicate having an emission with a dominant wavelength in the range from 555 to 568 nm.

Abstract: The present invention provides a white LED comprising: an ultraviolet emitting diode or a purple light emitting diode; and phosphors for emitting at least three visible lights including blue light, green light and red light; wherein an emission spectrum of the white LED has: a first luminescence peak in a blue light region having a wavelength of 440-460 nm; a second luminescence peak in a green light region having a wavelength of 510-530 nm; and a third luminescence peak in a red light region having a wavelength of 620-640 nm. Further, it is preferable that a half bandwidth of each of the luminescence peaks is 50 nm or less. As a result, there can be provided a white LED, backlight and liquid crystal display using the white LED exhibiting a high luminance and an excellent color reproducing property.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent display device includes first and second substrates facing and spaced apart from each other, gate and data lines on an inner surface of the first substrate and crossing each other to define a pixel region, a switching element at a crossing point of the gate and data lines, a driving element connected to the switching element, a first electrode on an inner surface of the second substrate, an organic light-emitting layer on the first electrode in the pixel region, a second electrode on the organic light-emitting layer in the pixel region and electrically connected to the driving element, and a coloring element on an outer surface of the second substrate in the pixel region.

Abstract: An organic light emitting diode (OLED) display device with improved hole injection efficiency is presented, along with a method of making the display device. A thin film transistor (TFT) is formed on an insulating substrate. A pixel electrode is electrically connected to the TFT, and a hydrophilic wall is formed between the pixel electrode and an adjacent pixel electrode. A hole injecting layer and a first organic light emitting layer covering the pixel electrode and the hydrophilic wall and formed. Then, a second organic light emitting layer and a third organic light emitting layer are formed to partly cover the first organic light emitting layer.

Abstract: A plasma display device (PDP), and a structure stabilizing drive pulses in a PDP the structure including a panel, a chassis base which is mounted on an upper part of the panel to form a current path and dissipates heat, a case the dissipates the heat in connection with the chassis base, a chassis reinforcing member mounted on an upper part of the chassis base, a driving circuit substrate mounted on an upper part of the chassis reinforcing member, a signal transmitting element that transmits signals between the driving circuit substrate and the panel, and a carbon group thermal conductive sheet that is interposed between the panel and the chassis base to electrically connect the panel to the chassis base, and grounded to the chassis base. The carbon group thermal conductive sheet reduces inductance between the panel and the chassis base, and accordingly, the generation of an electromotive force, which affects the driving pulses, is reduced, thereby enabling a stable panel discharge.

Abstract: A plasma display panel reduces a resonance space between a frit and dummy partition walls so as to suppress noise and smoothly supply and exhaust a discharge gas. The plasma display panel includes a front substrate and a rear substrate that face each other, address electrodes and display electrodes that are spaced apart from each other and each extend along directions intersecting each other between the front substrate and the rear substrate, and partition walls that form a display region while partitioning a plurality of discharge cells and form a non-display region along a periphery of the display region between the front substrate and the rear substrate. The non-display region includes a first dummy area in which dummy cells are partitioned by dummy partition walls extending from partition walls disposed in the display region, and a second dummy area in which dummy cells are partitioned by dummy partition walls spaced apart from the first dummy area.

Abstract: A plasma display panel (PDP) according to one embodiment includes: a first substrate and a second substrate that are disposed substantially in parallel with each other with a predetermined distance therebetween; a plurality of address electrodes disposed on the first substrate; a first dielectric layer disposed on an entire surface of the first substrate while covering the address electrodes; a plurality of barrier ribs having a predetermined height from the first dielectric layer and disposed in a space between the first substrate and the second substrate to partition the space into discharge spaces of a predetermined size; a phosphor layer disposed in the discharge spaces; a plurality of display electrodes disposed on one side of the second substrate facing the first substrate in a direction crossing the address electrodes; a second dielectric layer disposed on an entire surface of the second substrate to cover the display electrodes; and a protective layer disposed to cover the second dielectric layer.

Abstract: Some embodiments include methods of forming plasma-generating microstructures. Aluminum may be anodized to form an aluminum oxide body having a plurality of openings extending therethrough. Conductive liners may be formed within the openings, and circuitry may be formed to control current flow through the conductive liners. The conductive liners form a plurality of hollow cathodes, and the current flow is configured to generate and maintain plasmas within the hollow cathodes. The plasmas within various hollow cathodes, or sets of hollow cathodes, may be independently controlled. Such independently controlled plasmas may be utilized to create a pattern in a display, or on a substrate. In some embodiments, the plasmas may be utilized for plasma-assisted etching and/or plasma-assisted deposition. Some embodiments include constructions and assemblies containing multiple plasma-generating structures.

Abstract: A plasma display device having an improved electrode structure that is capable of improving a contrast of the plasma display panel while decreasing a discharge firing voltage is provided. A plasma display panel according to an embodiment of the invention includes first and second substrates disposed opposite to each other, barrier ribs arranged in a space between the first substrate and the second substrate to define at least one discharge cell, address electrodes formed along a first direction, and display electrodes formed along a second direction intersecting the first direction. The display electrodes include bus electrodes formed extending in the second direction, expansion electrodes that extend toward the center of each discharge cell from the bus electrodes and face each other in the discharge cell with a discharge gap interposed therebetween, and auxiliary electrodes located at front ends of the expansion electrodes opposite to each other.

Abstract: A plasma display panel capable of increasing a luminous efficiency while decreasing discharge firing voltage while easily generating an address discharge by generating a sustain discharge as facing discharge. The discharge sustain electrodes are on barrier ribs between the two substrates. One of the sustain discharge electrodes extends between discharge cells and the other extends through discharge cells dividing discharge cells into two portions. Each discharge sustain electrode is surrounded by a dielectric material and also a non-transparent MgO protective layer. These electrodes are formed to be tall and narrow to allow for superior facing discharge potential.

Abstract: An ultra-high pressure mercury lamp in which the tungsten comprising the electrodes is prevented from spraying during starting and operation, and blackening on the inside wall of the arc tube is prevented is achieved in that at least one of the electrodes has an axial part which is made essentially of tungsten and a starting part which is made essentially of tungsten, at least one of the axial part and of the starting part containing an electron emission material with a smaller work function than tungsten such that the value of S/A in mm2/% by weight is in the range 1?S/A?1×104, S in mm2 designating the surface area of the part of the electrode projecting into the arc tube containing the electron emission material and A in % by weight indicating the concentration of the electron emission material in this part.

Abstract: A lamp, containing ?100 ppm Hg, includes a burner chamber having an axis, the axis having a section ?0.05 mm. The burner chamber has a recess oriented toward a light arc produced in the burning chamber to suppress arc curvature. The lamp has an arc-luminescence profile of luminescence (measured in cd/m2)/mm with an average slope over that section which is ?|300,000,000| (cd/m2)/mm. Preferably, the profile maximum value is ?90,000,000 cd/m2. In one embodiment, the arc-making device includes two electrodes disposed for producing the light arc across their two tips, the depth of the recess being sufficiently small so as not to extend between the two tips.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling the irradiation direction of a lamp for a vehicle is provided with an actuator 3R for controlling the irradiation direction of a headlamp 2R and a controller (ECU) 1 for controlling the actuator 3R in accordance with a pitch angle of a vehicle. The controller 1 includes a monitor unit for monitoring the state of a control signal line CL for sending a control signal for controlling the actuator 3R and determines an abnormality of the controller, the actuator or the control signal line based on the state of the control signal line. The controller is not required to be connected to the actuator via a wire harness dedicated for the monitoring which is provided independently, so that the number of the wire harnesses can be prevented from increasing. Further, since the actuator is not required to be provided with a dedicated monitor circuit, the configuration of the actuator is prevented from being complicated.

Abstract: A limited flicker decorative light-emitting diode (LED) string includes a power plug adapted to connect to an alternating current (AC) power source and supply AC power to the LED string, a first pair of LEDs and a second pair of LEDs, a plurality of LEDs electrically connected in series to form an LED series, and a plurality of rectifying diodes. The plurality of rectifying diodes provides full-wave rectification of the AC power to the LED series and half-wave rectification of the AC power to the first and second pair of LEDs.