Abstract: A drive apparatus includes a magnet rotor, a stator having a coil, a position detector configured to detect a position of the magnet rotor, a lead angle circuit configured to output a signal having a lead angle relative to an output of the position detector, a first driver configured to switch an electrification state of the coil in accordance with a preset time interval, a second driver configured to switch an electrification state of the coil in accordance with an output of the lead angle circuit, and a controller configured to adjust a lead angle amount of the signal output from the lead angle circuit within a range that does not cause step out in the driving by the first driver, prior to changing the driving by the second driver to the driving by the first driver.

Abstract: A location system is configured for determining a magnetic pole position of a motor. The location system includes a motor driver, a current control module, a current feedback apparatus, a speed feedback apparatus, and a magnetic pole position location module. The current control module is configured for set current of the motor via the motor driver. The current feedback apparatus is configured for sensing an actual current of the motor. The speed feedback apparatus is configured for sensing an actual speed of the motor. The magnetic pole position location module is configured for inputting a magnetic pole position of the motor, receiving the actual current from the current feedback apparatus, receiving the actual speed from the speed feedback apparatus, and processing the actual current and the actual speed to obtain an initial magnetic pole position.

Abstract: Provided is a high frequency (HF) leakage current return wire-contained motor drive cable configured in a manner that one or multiple drive dielectric core wires (2) and one or multiple HF leakage current return wires (5) are arranged adjacent to and in close contact in neighborhoods thereof to thereby reduce inductances of the HF leakage current return wires (5). Concurrently, the drive dielectric core wires (2) and the HF leakage current return wires (5) are arranged substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction and are stranded; and a sheath (8) is provided without a shield being provided outside of the strand wires.

Abstract: A drive system for multiple motors includes a first motor, a second motor, a motor drive power supply for supplying power to the first and second motors, a first motor drive amplifier, a second motor drive amplifier, a first overcurrent detection apparatus, and a second overcurrent detection apparatus. The first overcurrent detection apparatus is connected between the motor drive power supply and the first motor drive amplifier for detecting current through the first motor drive amplifier, and comparing the current value to the first overcurrent benchmark value to output an overcurrent detection signal correspondingly. The second overcurrent detection apparatus is connected between the motor drive power supply and the second motor drive amplifier for detecting current through the second motor drive amplifier, and comparing the current value to the second overcurrent benchmark value to output an overcurrent detection signal correspondingly.

Abstract: A method for controlling fan speed is disclosed. Firstly, a number of temperature ranges are defined. Each temperature range is associated with a corresponding fan speed. Each two adjacent temperature ranges overlap. The temperature of an electronic system is measured and is compared with the defined temperature ranges to determine whether it enters into a new range. If the measured temperature exceeds any one of the limits of a temperature range associated with the current fan speed, it enters into a new temperature range. The fan speed is adjusted to which is associated with the new entered temperature range. The overlap of each two adjacent temperature ranges covers the fluctuation of the temperature of the electronic system caused solely by the adjustment of fan speed caused by the traversing of the measured temperature between the two adjacent temperature ranges.

Abstract: In order to track the position of a component driven by an electric motor, wherein rotational movements of the electric motor are detected and used for a position count, deviations from an anticipated position count are determined and added to the position given by the position count as an uncertainty region.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided that include or provide a first three-phase induction machine including stator windings, a second three-phase induction machine including stator windings, wherein the stator windings of the first machine are coupled in series with the stator windings of the second machine, and an inverter circuit that provides a three-phase output signal coupled to the stator windings of the first machine. Other aspects are also provided.

Abstract: A device for controlling an induction motor includes a voltage/frequency controller, a pulse width modulation controller, and a converter. The voltage/frequency controller receives a controlling frequency, and outputs a controlling voltage corresponding to the controlling frequency. The pulse width modulation controller receives the controlling voltage and the controlling frequency, and generates PWM signals according to the controlling voltage and the controlling frequency. The converter receives the PWM signals, and controls the induction motor according to the PWM signals. There is a predetermined relationship between the controlling voltage and the controlling frequency stored in the voltage/frequency controller. The controlling voltage is greater than zero in response to the controlling frequency being zero, and increasing the controlling frequency increases the controlling voltage as in the predetermined relationship.

Abstract: An energy storage module for use in an electric vehicle, such as a lift truck, is disclosed. The energy storage module includes a bank of super capacitors or ultra-capacitors which are connected between the battery and the load. In operation, the energy storage module charges the capacitors, and uses the charged capacitors to level the load on the battery, limiting spikes in current draw, and assuring a substantially smooth discharge profile, wherein the battery discharge is substantially steady state. The energy storage module further includes sensors for determining when the battery and load are connected.

Abstract: An image display apparatus having a function of charging an external device and a charging method thereof are provide. The image display apparatus includes a universal serial bus (USB) interface which is connected to an external device through a power supply line and a data transmission line, and a main controller which, if the external device is connected, activates one of the power supply line and the data transmission line according to a type of the external device. Accordingly, the image display apparatus controls a USB terminal to selectively perform a charging operation or a data transmission operation.

Abstract: According to an aspect of the invention, a motor drive circuit includes a first energy storage device configured to supply electrical energy, a bi-directional DC-to-DC voltage converter coupled to the first energy storage device, a voltage inverter coupled to the bi-directional DC-to-DC voltage converter, and an input device configured to receive electrical energy from an external energy source. The motor drive circuit further includes a coupling system coupled to the input device, to the first energy storage device, and to the bi-directional DC-to-DC voltage converter. The coupling system has a first configuration configured to transfer electrical energy to the first energy storage device via the bi-directional DC-to-DC voltage converter, and has a second configuration configured to transfer electrical energy from the first energy storage device to the voltage inverter via the bi-directional DC-to-DC voltage converter.

Abstract: A charging device includes an electric energy generating unit, and a voltage regulating unit electrically connected to the electric energy generating unit and a battery. The electric energy generating unit is configured for converting kinetic energy into electric energy and outputs a voltage. The voltage regulating unit receives the electric energy and regulates the voltage output by the electric energy generating unit into a stable operating voltage, then the electric energy is output to be stored or charge the battery.

Abstract: Provided is a battery state monitoring circuit including a control circuit that applies, to a gate of a signal output transistor provided at a terminal for transmitting an overcharge detection signal, a potential at which the signal output transistor is turned off at a voltage lower than a minimum circuit operating voltage. Accordingly, in a battery device that uses the cascade-connected battery state monitoring circuits, charge is inhibited securely even at a power supply voltage lower than the minimum circuit operating voltage.

Abstract: A hierarchical battery-management system mainly comprises a monitoring and equalizing module, an intermediary module and a communication and decision module. The monitoring and equalizing module electrically couples with the battery. The intermediary module electrically couples with the monitoring and equalizing module and the communication and decision module; besides, the communication and decision module electrically couples with a power system or an electronic/electrical apparatus. The present invention uses a digital transmission interface constructed from an uplink/downlink circuit with a DC isolation component for common battery management, and a hierarchical management structure constructed by the intermediary module to screen data and to transmit meaningful cell data to meet real time managing requirements of the large battery set.

Abstract: A life safety device includes a battery assembly with a rechargeable battery. Extended shelf life is achieved by annually initiating an over-discharge protection mode in which a battery protection circuit prevents current flow from the battery. The life safety device remains in the over-discharge protection mode until the device is connected to a charging power source at the time of installation. The battery assembly then exits the protection mode and enters its normal mode of operation.

Abstract: The present invention is a charge method of a battery for an electric motor vehicle, in which a battery is charged by an outside electric source. A residual charge quantity of the battery is detected before charging. A maximum-quantity charge time Ttotal which is required for the residual charge quantity of the battery becoming the maximum quantity is calculated based on detection result. A driving-start time tds of the electric motor vehicle is estimated. A first charge is executed so as to be started from a driving stop of the electric motor vehicle, continued for a period of time which is shorter than the maximum-quantity charge time Ttotal, and completed before the driving-start time tds. A second charge is executed so as to be started after the first charge is completed and completed at the driving-start time tds.

Abstract: A power generation control method of a hybrid construction machine capable of maintaining voltage of a capacitor in an appropriate range while minimizing capacitance of the capacitor and of surely preventing a system from being rendered inoperative, and the hybrid construction machine are provided. For this purpose, swing power corresponding to electric power consumed by a swing motor for swinging a part of a body relative to other parts is sequentially calculated, a value of the calculated swing power is converted to a smaller value, a power generation command of a generator motor is sequentially generated using the converted value, and the generated power generation command is output to an inverter for driving the generator motor.

Abstract: Electronic control for a hydraulic system to drive an auxiliary power source is provided, with an application as a system for controlling the operation of a hydraulically driven AC generator. The system includes a hydraulic pump, a hydraulic motor drivably connected to the generator, and a fluid circuit for circulating fluid from the pump to the motor and back. The feedback circuit contains a feedback conduit to feedback the motor. The system also includes a proportional servo control valve assembly for controlling the fluid conduits and a control circuit for controlling the control valve assembly to thereby control the flow of fluid to the motor. Sensors for measuring the operating parameters of the system and an operator interface module are both able to influence the operation of the system.

Abstract: Provided is a regulator adapted to the various vehicle alternators of the present invention. The regulator particularly includes a coding circuit and a control circuit. The coding circuit is used to provide the different selectable codes. A laser trimming technology is introduced to form an open circuit over the coding circuit, in order to set a code. The control circuit is used to predetermine the various function selections in accordance with the various codes. The coding circuit includes an amplifier, a first input resistor, and a second resistor. The first input resistor is interconnected to a high-voltage end and an input end of the amplifier in series. The second input resistor is further interconnected to the input end and a low-voltage end in series. The open circuit is particularly formed on the first input resistor or the second input resistor for regulating the output voltage and setting a code.

Abstract: A hydraulic system includes a variable displacement hydraulic pump connectable to a power source, a hydraulic motor, a fluid circuit, a pump displacement control, and a controller. The pump has an inlet for receiving fluid, an outlet for discharging pressurized fluid, and a pump displacement input. The motor has an inlet for receiving pressurized fluid and an outlet for discharging spent fluid. The fluid circuit includes a supply conduit for conducting fluid discharged by the pump to the motor and a return conduit for returning fluid discharged by the motor to the pump. The pump displacement control cooperates with the pump displacement input to vary pump displacement. The controller communicates with the pump displacement control to control the pump output such that the motor is driven at a constant speed to thereby drive a generator connected to the motor at a constant speed despite speed fluctuations of the power source.

Abstract: A PFC counter which controls a switching element of voltage step-up chopper circuits arranged in parallel has a circuit (SLOG) generating a switch signal (GD_S) whose phase is shifted from that of a switch signal of one of the switching elements. This circuit has a first counter (COUNTM) which counts clock signals by a cycle unit of one of the switch signals; a second counter (COUNTS) which counts clock signals by a cycle unit having a predetermined phase difference with respect to one of the switch signals; and a first register (REG1) which holds a value counted by the first counter corresponding to a high-level period of one of the switch signals.

Abstract: A low dropout regulator having a current-limiting mechanism is disclosed. The regulator includes a sensing resistor, an error amplifier, and first through fourth transistors. The first transistor generates an output voltage according to an input voltage and a current control signal. The sensing resistor is employed to generate a sense voltage based on the current flowing through the fourth transistor so as to control the second transistor for generating an internal voltage. The third transistor controls the current control signal based on a voltage divided from the internal voltage. The channel width/length ratio of the first transistor is greater than that of the fourth transistor. When the third transistor is turned off, the error amplifier adjusts the voltage of the current control signal according to a voltage divided from the output voltage; when the third transistor is turned on, the voltage of the current control signal is not adjusted.

Abstract: In an inductor driving circuit, a DC voltage is applied between a positive terminal and a negative terminal. A series connection of an inductor and a transistor is provided between the positive terminal and the negative terminal. A gate control circuit is configured to turn on the transistor in response to the application of the DC voltage and turn off the transistor in response to the stop of the application of the DC voltage. A diode is connected between a source and a drain of the transistor to have a cathode connected to the positive terminal and an anode connected to the negative terminal. A feedback diode has a cathode connected to the positive terminal and an anode connected to the negative terminal.

Abstract: Apparatus and a method of optimizing operating efficiency of multiple power supplies that are provided to power a system, the power supplies being selectively operable in an active or standby mode, said method comprising the steps of interconnecting at least some of the multiple power supplies in a load sharing configuration monitoring the output current of at least one of the interconnected power supplies selectively placing the interconnected power supplies in standby mode so that the active power supplies are operating at a relatively high efficiency.

Abstract: Single inductor based switching regulators are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a switching regulator can include: (i) output switches coupled to a common inductor node and to a corresponding output supply node, where each output supply node has a voltage converted from an input voltage received at an input supply node; (ii) an inductor coupled to the common inductor node and to first and second input switches, where the first input switch is coupled to ground, and the second input switch is coupled to the input supply node, the first and second switches controlling charge through the inductor; and (iii) a control circuit receiving feedback signals indicating output voltages on the output supply nodes, the control circuit controlling the output switches for regulation of the output voltages in response to the feedback signals.

Abstract: A power supply circuit for a motherboard includes a VRM, a first NMOS transistor, a second NMOS transistor, a first capacitor, a first induction coil, and a delay circuit. A gate of the first NMOS transistor is connected to a UGATE pin of the VRM. A source of the first NMOS transistor is connected to a BOOT pin of the VRM via the first capacitor and a PHASE pin of the VRM, and connected to an MCH on the motherboard via the first induction coil. A drain of the first NMOS transistor is connected to a system power. A gate of the second NMOS transistor is connected to an LGATE pin of the VRM. A source of the second NMOS transistor is grounded. A drain of the second NMOS transistor is connected to the source of the first NMOS transistor and the delay circuit.

Abstract: A low drop out series regulator circuit for generating an output voltage that does not rely on voltage feedback or require a capacitor for stable operation includes first and second current sources connected in series between a supply voltage and ground. A resistor is connected between and in series with the first and second current sources, and a reference voltage is generated across the resistor by the current from the first current source. A first transistor is connected between the ground and a first node located between the resistor and the second current source. A current mirror circuit is connected between the supply voltage and the first transistor. A current sense transistor is connected between the current mirror circuit and an output terminal. An output transistor is connected between the supply voltage and the output terminal. The output voltage generated at the output terminal is equal to the reference voltage.

Abstract: A passive element is provided to facilitate passive detection of analytes, such as analytes, using an electromagnetic probe beam. The probe beam may be provided by a radar and/or lidar system. In one example, a passive element comprises a reference dipole and a detection dipole, the detection dipole having an associated analyte-sensitive element, such as a chemoresistive or bioresistive element. When the analyte-sensitive element is in a modified conducting state due to the presence of an analyte, the detection cross section is modified whereas a reference cross section is substantially unchanged by the presence of the analyte. A passive element may comprise a frequency selective surface, for example including a frequency-selective surface (FSS) embedded in a dielectric layer and using an analyte-sensitive impedance layer to modify the electromagnetic absorption properties, allowing analyte detection.

Abstract: Open-loop electrical current sensor (1) for measuring the electrical current flowing in a primary conductor, comprising a magnetic circuit (3) with an air-gap (4), and a magnetic field sensing device (5) positioned at least partially in said air-gap. The magnetic field sensing device comprises a circuit board (7), a first magnetic field detector (8) mounted on the circuit board, and a second magnetic field detector (11). The second magnetic field detector comprises a conductive coil formed on the circuit board, the output signals of the first magnetic field detector and the second magnetic field detector being adapted for connection to a signal processing circuit (6) generating an output signal representative of the primary electrical current.

Abstract: A displacement measuring apparatus is provided, which comprises a measuring sensor, a housing, a first board, a second board and a third board, which boards are arranged in the housing and are circuit carriers, wherein the second board and the third board are in each case oriented transversely to the first board, the second board and the third board are connected by means of a first plug-in connection device and the combination of the second board and third board is connected to the first board by means of a second plug-in connection device.

Abstract: An apparatus and method that determines the incremental speed, position and direction of rotating targets using magnetoresistive sensors. A magnet is mounted on a rotating target on the same axis of rotation such that the magnet spins with the target. A magnetoresistive sensor is positioned proximate to the magnet such that the changes in magnetic field are detected by the sensors. An interpolating integrated circuit divides signals into small angular increments and converts data to digital form. These signals can be used to determine the angular speed, position, and direction of the rotating target. This results in a much more accurate determination of angular speed, position and direction of a rotating target regardless of the composition of the target or the environment in which it operates.

Abstract: A resolver interface includes separate anti-aliasing filters for sine and cosine signals. The separately filtered signals are then time share multiplexed to a single analog to digital (A/D) converter. Because all of the inputs are fed through the same A/D converter, any error, difference or shift caused by the A/D converter is shared across al of the inputs. A Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and processor are used to digitally filter, demodulate and compute position.

Abstract: There is provided a rotating electric machine including a rotation sensor unit capable of demonstrating a shielding effect over a wide frequency bandwidth and a manufacturing method therefor. In the rotating electric machine, a power unit provided with a switching element that controls an electric current that flows in a stator winding and a magnetic-field current control circuit unit provided with a switching element that controls an electric current that flows in a rotor winding are arranged on a predetermined surface of one of a pair of brackets that pivotably support a rotor shaft, and the rotation sensor unit is disposed in the vicinity of the predetermined surface of the one bracket; The rotating electric machine is characterized in such a way that there is provided a ring-shaped member that is fixed on the outer surface of the rotation sensor unit, and the ring-shaped member is configured with a non-magnetic unit having an electric conductivity and a magnetic unit.

Abstract: The invention relates to a coupling device, particularly for a sensor unit, comprising at least one dog (30), which can be connected to a rotatable shaft, wherein the dog (30) has a dog toothing (24) at the front thereof, said toothing engaging in a rotor toothing (22) of the rotor (28) for transferring a rotating movement to a rotor (28), wherein the rotor toothing (22) and the dog toothing (24) are configured such that a clearance (20) is formed when the rotor toothing (22) and the dog toothing (24) are engaged in each other. The rotor toothing (22) and the dog toothing (24) are not in mechanical contact with each other in said clearance (20).

Abstract: An angle detector with a shaft angle multiplier of 32× shown in FIG. 2 is structured so that the number of winding grooves (2) of a stator core (1) is sixteen which is less than twice the shaft angle multiplier and so that the number of winding grooves (5) of a rotor core (4) is sixty four which is twice the shaft angle multiplier as commonly practiced. One or more small teeth (31) are formed on each tooth (3) of the winding grooves (2). In one embodiment, the number of the small teeth (31) is two for each tooth (3); therefore, the total number of the small teeth (31) is equal to the shaft angle multiplier of 32×. Consequently, even a resolver or a synchro with a large shaft angle multiplier can be easily reduced in size and cost, and wire winding is easily automated.

Abstract: A nano-SQUID (superconducting quantum interference device) method and system for detecting a magnetic field associated with a nano-sample. A magnetic field of a nano-sample (1130) is coupled through the nano-SQUID hole/loop (720), by placing the sample within the SQUID loop. A static field (Bp) is applied across the nano-SQUID, substantially perpendicular to a sensitivity axis of the nano-SQUID. A perturbation field (Bm) is applied across the nano-SQUID, substantially perpendicular to the sensitivity axis of the nano-SQUID and substantially perpendicular to the static field. A behaviour of the magnetic field of the nano-sample caused by the static field and perturbation field is monitored by monitoring an output of the nano-SQUID. The nano-SQUID can be operated in open loop mode without flux locked loop.

Abstract: An inspection apparatus is provided that can include at least one probe receiving unit. The at least one probe receiving unit can be capable of processing data corresponding to one or more of image information of the type that can be generated by a visual inspection probe, eddy current information of the type that can be generated by a eddy current probe, and ultrasound information of the type that can be generated by a ultrasound probe.

Abstract: A carbon nanotube magnetometer including a system and method of making the same that includes a single-walled carbon nanotube network formed on a substrate. Electrodes are deposited on opposite ends of the network and a magnetic needle is deposited on the network between the electrodes. A trench is formed under the network in the substrate to facilitate movement of the needle.

Abstract: The disclosure provides Hall effect device configurations capable of measuring magnetic fields in two dimensions (2D) and three dimensions (3D) along with associated microelectromechanical system (MEMS) manufacturing methods. The present invention includes various geometric layout configurations for 2D and 3D Hall effect devices with multidimensional magnetic field sensing elements. Advantageously, the present invention can provide, simultaneously and independently, absolute measurement of each of the components (i.e., x-, y-, and z-components) of a magnetic field. Additionally, the geometric layout configurations enable the Hall effect devices to be constructed with MEMS fabrication techniques.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising a magnetic field generator for generating a magnetic field of a predetermined orientation, an element provided in the apparatus at a location that, in use, is within a region of the magnetic field having the predetermined orientation generated by the generator, and a device for determining an angle between the element and the magnetic field, the device comprising a Hall Effect sensor.

Abstract: A system and method for detecting atherosclerotic plaque hemorrhage includes a controller programmed to apply a non-selective inversion recovery RF pulse to a region of interest, apply a plurality of encoding sequences to the region of interest to cause generation of a plurality of echoes during application of each encoding sequence. The controller is further programmed to acquire three dimensional MR data from the region of interest during generation of each of the plurality of echoes, identify a hemorrhage based on the three dimensional MR data, characterize a type of the hemorrhage, and reconstruct an image based on the three dimensional MR data, the image comprising the characterized hemorrhage.

Abstract: A method for obtaining the most appropriate amplitude of signal suppression pulse, which suppresses unnecessary signals from the substance not subjected to measurement, highly accurately, swiftly and stably, and an MRI apparatus that enables the optimization are provided. A pulse amplitude adjusting means equipped in the MRI apparatus acquires signals while changing the amplitude of signal suppression pulse and calculates signal absolute values and phase values, and computes reference signals, which are polarized signal absolute values, based on the changes in signal phase values. This reference signals are subjected to polynomial fitting. A value which makes this fitting curve is 0 or closes to 0 is set as the optimal pulse amplitude.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for changing spin relaxation, a method for detecting a spin current, and a spintronic device using spin relaxation, and spin relaxation is changed through injection of a spin current. A spin current 4 is injected into a material 1 in a certain spin state, so that the spin relaxation time can be controlled.

Abstract: A portable locator and method for establishing the location of the cable line in a region which includes at least one generally straight electrically conductive cable line extending across the region from which cable line a locating signal includes a first arrangement for measuring a local flux intensity of the locating signal at a first above ground point within the region with the portable locator in a particular orientation at the first above ground point. A second arrangement uses the local flux intensity to establish a cable line angular orientation which limits the possible directions to the cable line relative to the particular orientation of the portable locator at the above ground point. A third arrangement uses the measured local flux intensity to establish an actual direction of the cable line that is selected from the possible directions based on certain characteristics of the locating signal.

Abstract: Structure for deep MWD resistivity measurements suitable for both geo-steering and measurements ahead of the drill bit is disclosed. The structure is capable of extracting information about resistivity of formation in the presence of conductive drill. In one embodiment, ahead-of-bit sensing is achieved via transient electromagnetic measurements when current is switched off in the transmitter loop and the transient signal is measured in the receiver loops placed at some distances from the receiver. To reduce a parasitic effect of the currents in the drill three-coil bucking system with magnetic nonconductive shield in combination with a highly conductive copper shield are applied. Specifically, a short (less than 1 m) copper cover and short (less than 0.2 m) ferrite cover are placed in the vicinity of transmitting and receiving coils. A bucking operation followed by an inversion is performed on received signals to obtain data reflecting parameters of the surrounding subsurface formations.

Abstract: Methods and related systems are described for determining the casing attenuation factor for various frequencies from measurements of the impedance of the transmitting or receiving coil of wire of. The compensation is based on two relationships. The first relationship is between one or more measured impedance parameters and the product of casing conductivity, casing thickness and electromagnetic frequency. The second relationship is between the casing correction factor and the product of casing conductivity, casing thickness and electromagnetic frequency.

Abstract: In one aspect of the invention, an induction resistivity tool incorporated into a downhole tool string comprises an outer wall of a downhole component comprising an outer diameter and at least one induction transmitter assembly disposed along the outer diameter. The at least one transmitter assembly comprises at least one induction transmitter coil wound about at least one core. The at least one transmitter coil is adapted to project an induction signal outward from the outer wall when the at least one transmitter coil is carrying an electrical current. The transmitter assembly is adapted to create electromagnetic fields that originate the induction signal from outside the outer wall and substantially prevent the signal from entering the outer wall.

Abstract: A logging tool for performing resistivity measurements on the sidewall of a borehole in an earth formation is provided with a circumferential series of evenly-spaced measurement electrodes providing complete circumferential coverage of resistivity measurements. In one embodiment, the measurement electrodes are carried on a conductive pad circumferentially surrounding an elongate mandrel or tubular. The conductive pad is held at a voltage adapted to focus measurement current into the sidewall of the borehole. Preferably, the pad has dimensions relative to the measurement electrodes and a standoff distance between the measurement electrodes and said borehole wall to effectively focus the measurement current into the borehole wall. In accordance with one aspect of the invention, the measurement electrodes are spaced apart by a distance that is less than the width of each measurement electrode, thereby ensuring full circumferential resolution.

Abstract: An image display device accurately evaluates the possibility of problems occurring due to the state of impure gas inside a discharge envelope in a high pressure discharge lamp. The image display device includes the high voltage discharge lamp and an evaluation unit (51) for evaluating the possibility of problems occurring due to the state of impure gas. The evaluation unit (51) includes a high voltage pulse generator (57) that generates a high voltage pulse for breaking insulation in the high pressure lamp, a constant current generator (58) that generates a constant current for illuminating the high pressure discharge lamp in a glow discharge state, a lamp voltage measurer (59) that measures lamp voltage during illumination in the glow discharge state, an LED (63), and a controller (65).

Abstract: A method for evaluating the integrity of a cable shield utilizing wideband noise-to-ground measurements is provided. Upon determining that trouble with the cable shield exists, a method s is provided to isolate the location of the trouble with the cable shield. The method utilizes access locations along the cable and therefore does not require opening of the cable shield to isolate the trouble in the shield.