Abstract: A process and an apparatus for stocking semifinished products for manufacturing tyres for vehicle wheels, wherein a semifinished product is supplied on a roller conveyor along a supplying direction. Between the rollers of the conveyor at an unloading station, there are arranged arms of a lift. When the semifinished product reaches the unloading station, the arms are rotated around an axis parallel to the supplying direction in such a way as to lift the arms and slide the semifinished product by gravity on the arms along an unloading direction that is perpendicular to the supplying direction and to first ends of these arms. The semifinished product drops through gravity from the first ends onto a resting plane of a supporting bench positioned below the first ends and spaced apart therefrom.

Abstract: A sorting deck for paper, board, or pulp rolls has a plane (1) for transporting the rolls and controllable stops (2) for holding the rolls in place and releasing them. The stops (2) are positioned to form at least one line (3) in placed consecutively in the longitudinal direction (4) of the plane (1), and at least one row (5), in which the stops (2) are positioned adjacently to each other along the lateral direction (6) of the plane (1). At least some of the stops (2) are a collector (41) and a feeder (42), both of which can be moved freely between the hold and release positions, so that the travel of the rolls over the stop (2) can be optionally prevented, freely permitted, or permitted one roll at a time. The same sorting deck can be used to handle rolls of different widths.

Abstract: This invention presents a unique design for a mechanism to be used in conveyors systems to selectively divert or re-direct packages off of the main conveyor and onto a secondary conveyor. This design utilizes a set of discs mounted eccentrically on an axis underneath and perpendicular to the conveying rollers. The discs are positioned edgewise and spaced between the conveying rollers. The rotation of the discs is triggered by the control system to coincide with the presence of the package selected to divert when it is on the conveying surface. The discs are mounted eccentrically in their common axis so when the array of discs is rotated the eccentricity of their rotation makes the edge of the discs extend above the conveying surface to lift the package and change its direction of motion with the tangential speed and direction of the rotating disc(s). A secondary conveyor is positioned next to the main conveyor to receive the package diverted off of the main conveyor.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for aligning at least one voucher (12 to 18). The apparatus has first and second transport elements (24 to 52, 224 to 252) for transporting the voucher (12 to 18) on a transport plane (10) of a transport path. At least one first rotating transport element (38 to 52, 238 to 252) generates a driving force acting on the voucher (12 to 18) obliquely to the center axis (20) lying on the transport plane (10) of the transport path. At least one second rotating transport element (24 to 36, 224 to 296) generates a driving force acting on the voucher (12 to 18) parallel to the center axis (20). At least one first drive unit (304, 306, 313 to 322b) moves the first rotating transport element (38 to 52, 238 to 252) at least to the transport plane (10). At least one second drive unit (304, 306, 313 to 322) moves the second rotating transport element (24 to 36) at least to the transport plane (10).

Abstract: A conveyor includes at least one workpiece carrier, a drive provided for the workpiece carrier and defining a plane of conveyance; an inner guide and an outer guide having a curved outer guide section and defining a conveyor track for the workpiece carrier; the inner guide includes a curved inner guide section that is assigned to the curved outer guide section. The convexly curved inner guide section is situated such that it is offset radially inwardly relative to the curved outer guide section and opposite an imagined tangential extension of a first and a second straight inner guide section.

Abstract: In order to transport printed circuit boards (30) through a processing system (12), printed circuit boards (30) lying one behind another can be connected by means of holding clips (22) to form a type of chain. The outer ends of the holding clips (22) are suspended on two spaced-apart transport chains (16) which provide for transport and mounting. The holding clips are formed in two parts with a lower holding part (22) and an upper holding part (40), between which a printed circuit board (30) is mounted.

Abstract: Non-contact, gas-ejecting bearings (3) are provided for conveying flexible glass sheets (13), such as LCD substrates, at high conveyance speeds, e.g., speeds of 40 meters/minute and above, e.g., 60 meters/minute. Gas is provided to the bearing's orifices (22) from a plenum which operates at a pressure Pplenum and the bearings have a calculated static pressure Pmidpoint at the midpoints (27) between the bearing's centermost orifice (26) and each of its nearest neighbors (28) in a horizontal direction which satisfies the relationship Pmidpoint/Pplenum?0.05. The bearings (3) can reduce the time-averaged, peak-to-peak variation in the spacing between a LCD substrate (13) traveling at, for example, 60 meters/minute and the face (20) of the bearing (3) to less than 500 microns, thus reducing the chances that the substrate (13) will hit and be damaged by the bearing (3).

Abstract: Apparatus and methods relating to a self cleaning belt conveyor for transporting a substrate through a chamber are provided. One embodiment of the apparatus provides a belt conveyor apparatus for transporting a substrate through a chamber comprising at least one endless belt having a conveying surface, wherein the conveying surface comprises one or more raised components for supporting the substrate and maintaining a gap between the conveying surface and the substrate, and two or more cylindrical shafts coupled with the at least one endless belt wherein the at least one endless belt is tensioned around the two or more cylindrical shafts and wherein the two or more cylindrical shafts are rotatable to move the conveying surface.

Abstract: A reinforced conveyor belt cleaning blade is provided. In one form, the reinforced cleaning blade includes a blade body and a metal insert that is of a substantially constant cross-sectional configuration extending between the ends thereof. The ends are surrounded by molded material of the blade body so that the blade body and insert have a secure connection therebetween. The preferred insert is a formed sheet metal member that has smooth surfaces extending along its length without projections or sharp corners. In another aspect, a method of manufacturing a conveyor belt cleaning blade is provided including placing a metallic insert for the cleaning blade in a mold and molding the body of the cleaning blade with polymeric material extending completely around ends of the insert. Preferably, the insert is magnetically held in position in the mold such as on a rail on which magnets are mounted.

Abstract: A method (100) for assembling a portable device configured with an energy storage device, is disclosed. The method (100) can include: providing (105) a portable device with a controller configured to control the operations of the portable device; configuring (110) the portable device with a multi-mode switch including a temporary active mode configured for simplified testing, a temporarily inactive mode configured for minimizing power drain, and a permanent active mode for normal user operation; and controlling (115) the multi-mode switch from outside the portable device. The method (100) can help to prolong the useful shelf life of the device and can help to simplify testing and calibrating before shipping.

Abstract: The switch of an aspect of the present invention including first and second electrodes provided on a substrate, an anchor provided on the first electrode, a movable structure of which a first end is supported by the anchor, extending from the anchor to a position above the second electrode, using a conductor, and configured to move in a vertical direction with respect to the second electrode, a contact portion provided at a second end of the movable structure and disposed above the second electrode, a film having a different stress value with respect to the stress value of the movable structure, and warping the contact portion toward the second electrode, and a cap provided on the substrate to cover the movable structure, configured to be in contact with the film, and functioning as a driving electrode.

Abstract: Disclosed is a printed circuit board configured for a dome-utilizing keypad configuration including at least one padstack having a plurality of dome switch targets and a plurality of target rings capable of accommodating different key dome locations of a dome keypad. Also disclosed is a padstack capable of accommodating different key dome locations. The disclosed padstack has a single dome switch targets input/output line for the plurality of dome switch targets of the padstack. The padstack also includes a single target rings input/output line for the plurality of target rings of the pad stack. In this way the disclosed printed circuit board includes a single circuit arrangement available for a plurality of different key pad designs.

Abstract: A keypad apparatus for an electronic device permits a thinner construction. The keypad apparatus includes a first light guide plate having key buttons molded in one body attached onto the first light guide plate, a second light guide plate disposed under the first light guide plate, a first light source disposed at one side of the first light guide plate, a second light source disposed at one side of the second light guide plate, and key input switches associated with the key buttons.

Abstract: A key assembly comprises a base plate, two elastic elements and a key body. Each elastic element has a securing portion and two compressing portions protruding from two ends of the securing portion. The securing portions are latched to the base plate. The key body is slidably mounted to the base plate between the two elastic elements. The key body includes a first key section resisting one of the two elastic elements and a second key section resisting another elastic element. When the first key section slides toward and compresses the corresponding elastic element, the second key section slide away from the corresponding elastic element.

Abstract: An actuator subassembly is provided for a rocker switch including a housing, a plunger and a number of contact elements. The actuator subassembly includes an operating member movably coupled to the rocker switch housing at or about an opening, and including at least one projection which extends into a cavity of the housing. A sub-actuator is removably coupled to such projection and includes a shaped portion, a number of contacting portions and a depth. The shaped portion cooperates with a plunger to provide a plurality of operating characteristics of the operating member, including a plurality of positions thereof. Each contacting portion contacts a corresponding one of the contact elements when the operating member is disposed in a corresponding one of the positions. When the actuator subassembly is coupled to the housing, the depth of the sub-actuator occupies less than one-third of the width of the cavity.

Abstract: An electronic manually controllable adjustment device for adjusting electric power provided to an electric load connectable to the device is described. The device comprises first switching elements, a tilting control button which may interact with the first switching elements, and first hinge elements for defining a first hinge axis allowing rotation of the control button around the first axis between a first operating position and a second operating position. The control button can interact with the first switching elements when reaching the first and second operating position. The device further comprises second switching elements and second hinge elements. The second hinge elements can define a second hinge axis perpendicular to the first hinge axis and allow rotation of the control button around the second hinge axis for actuation of the second switching elements.

Abstract: A manually operable sensor for providing control signals to an electronic device. A fabric has a length substantially longer than its width with insulating yarns and electrically conductive yarns included therein, such that the conductive yarns define three conductive tracks running the length of the fabric. The conductive tracks are configured to interface with an electronic device at a first end and, at a second end, an active region of the fabric forms part of a sensor assembly that is receptive to a manually applied pressure. The sensor comprises first and second conductive regions to which a first and a second conductive track are connected respectively, to apply an electric potential to each conductive region. A conductive path is formed between a connected conductive track and the third conductive track of said active region when manual pressure is applied to one of the conductive regions.

Abstract: A membrane switch can attach an elastically deformable dome to a board in a reliable manner such that the dome is not detached even if a fixing sheet is made thinner and smaller and therefore has a smaller footprint. This switch has: a dome (110) that is formed projecting toward the surface and that is dented opposite toward the back surface by elastic deformation; and a flexible fixing sheet (120) that has a back surface of an adhesive face pasted to the entire face of the surface of the dome (110). The fixing sheet (120) fixes the dome (110) in a predetermined position of a board (4) by means of a stretching part (122) which stretches radially outer to the dome (110), from an outer rim (112) of the dome (110), in a direction virtually orthogonal to a direction in which the dome (110) projects.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of processing hydrocarbons which causes corrosion in the metal surfaces of processing units. The invention addresses the technical problem of high temperature naphthenic acid corrosion and sulphur corrosion and provides a solution to inhibit these types of corrosion. The composition formed by reacting high reactive polyisobutylene (HRPIB) with phosphorous pentasulphide in presence of catalytic amount of sulphur provides high corrosion inhibition efficiency in case of high temperature naphthenic acid corrosion inhibition and sulphur corrosion inhibition. The invention is useful in all hydrocarbon processing units, such as, refineries, distillation columns and other petrochemical industries.

Abstract: A process is proposed for distillatively obtaining pure 1,3-butadiene from crude 1,3-butadiene in a plant comprising one or more distillation columns, comprising supply of a feed stream of crude 1,3-butadiene to the one distillation column or the first of the plurality of distillation columns, the one distillation column or the plurality of distillation columns having a flange with an internal diameter of ?80 mm, comprising two mutually opposite plane-parallel surfaces (1) with an intermediate seal (2) which seals the interior of the one distillation column or of the first of the plurality of distillation columns from an intermediate space (3) on the atmosphere side between the two mutually opposite plane-parallel surfaces (1), and the intermediate space (3) on the atmosphere side between the two mutually opposite plane-parallel surfaces (1) being closed off from the atmosphere to form a chamber, wherein the chamber is purged continuously during the operation of the plant with a low-oxygen gas or a low-oxygen

Abstract: An apparatus for processing wastewater includes a pump driven by a motor, a gas/liquid separator, a liquid entrainment section, and a gas/solid separator The inventive method includes Introducing air and a liquid into the pump, where they are subjected to high heat and pressure, then delivered to the gas/liquid separator to separate the hot air from the hot liquid The hot air is then expanded through a nozzle to atmospheric pressure The liquid to be treated is injected into the hot air stream in the entrainment section The hot liquid from the gas/liquid separator passes through a valve to lower the high pressure liquid to near atmospheric pressure, thereby achieving flash evaporation of the hot liquid to produce hot water and hot steam, which is combined with the liquid to be treated and the hot air in the entrainment section This combined stream Is then delivered to the gas/solid separator

Abstract: There is described a cement composition, based on hydraulic binders, adapted to obtain coatings with a high photocatalytic activity and improved rheologic characteristics, including a hydraulic binder, a polycarboxylic or acrylic superfluidifying agent, a cellulosic ether with a viscosity in the range between 10000 and 120000 mPa·s, an adhesive agent, a calcareous, silicic or silicic-calcareous filler and a photocatalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method, apparatus and system for sorting ions. According to some embodiments of the present invention, ions may be sorted to produce hydrogen gas from water. The apparatus may include a first electric field source, an insulation layer to electrically isolate the first field sources from the water, a first deionization surface within a field line of the first field source; and a conductor connected to the first deionization surface and adapted to discharge charge built up due to attracted ions at the first deionization surface.

Abstract: A number of RF power transmission paths are defined to extend from an RF power source through a matching network, through a transmit electrode, through a plasma to a number of return electrodes. A number of tuning elements are respectively disposed within the number of RF power transmission paths. Each tuning element is defined to adjust an amount of RF power to be transmitted through the RF power transmission path within which the tuning element is disposed. A plasma density within a vicinity of a particular RF power transmission path is directly proportional to the amount of RF power transmitted through the particular RF power transmission path. Therefore, adjustment of RF power transmitted through the RF power transmission paths, as afforded by the tuning element, enables control of a plasma density profile across a substrate.

Abstract: A magnetron sputtering apparatus is provided whereby film formation speed can be improved by increasing instantaneous erosion density on a target, and the target life can be prolonged by moving an erosion region over time to prevent local wear of the target, and realize uniform wear. Multiple plate-like magnets are installed around a columnar rotating shaft, and the columnar rotating shaft is rotated, thereby forming a high-density erosion region on a target to increase film formation speed, and the erosion region is moved along with rotation of the columnar rotating shaft, thereby wearing the target uniformly.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein generally relate to an electrode structure for an electrochemical battery or capacitor, particularly, apparatus and methods of creating a reliable and cost efficient 3D electrode nano structure for an electrochemical battery or capacitor that has an improved lifetime, lower production costs, and improved process performance.

Abstract: An electrode comprising: a least a first, preferably cylindrical, glass body, in which at least a first chamber is formed; at least a first electrolyte, which is located in the first chamber; at least a first potential-forming element, which is arranged in the chamber, and forms a first potential when contacted by the first electrolyte; at least a first closing element, which is axially fixed in the first chamber for enclosing the first electrolyte and the first potential-forming element and sealedly closes the first chamber; wherein, additionally, the first closing element is conductive, the first potential-forming element conductingly contacts the first closing element, and the electrode furthermore includes at least a first electrical conductor, which electrically contacts the first closing element on the side of the first closing element facing away from the first electrolyte.

Abstract: An anode provided with an electrocatalytic coating comprising tin, preferably tetravalent and in form of mixed oxide, prepared by the method for the manufacturing of an electrode, comprising applying a solution of a precursor for the pyrolytic formation of a tin-containing coating to a substrate of a valve metal, followed by the execution of thermal treatment, wherein the precursor solution comprises stannic hydroxychioride and a method of preparing the same.

Abstract: In a rotary magnet sputtering apparatus, a target consumption displacement quantity is measured, and corresponding to the measurement results, a distance between a rotating magnet group and a target is adjusted, and uniform film forming rate is achieved over a long period of time so as to reduce the change of a target surface due to consumption of the target and to reduce the change of the film forming rate with time. An ultrasonic sensor or a laser transmitting/receiving device may be used as a means for measuring the consumption displacement quantity of the target.

Abstract: Apparatus for sputtering comprises a vacuum chamber defined by at least one side wall, a base and a cover, at least one first electrode having a surface arranged in the vacuum chamber, a counter electrode having a surface arranged in the vacuum chamber and a RF generator. The RF generator is configured to apply a RF electric field across the at least one first electrode and the counter electrode so as to ignite a plasma between the first electrode and the counter electrode. The counter electrode comprises at least a portion of the side wall and/or the base of the vacuum chamber and an additional electrically conductive member. The additional electrically conductive member comprises at least two surfaces arranged generally parallel to one another and spaced at a distance from one another.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention generally include a sputtering target capable of substantially reducing the amount of wasted material associated with conventional sputtering targets. In one embodiment, the sputtering target includes a fluidized bed of sputtering material that constantly maintains a planar sputtering surface throughout the sputtering process. In one embodiment, the fluidized bed of sputtering material is either periodically or constantly supplied with sputtering material to both maintain a planar sputtering surface and reduce downtime of the sputtering equipment.

Abstract: To achieve an improved end block, in which heating by induction eddy currents, which may occur during AC sputtering, for example, is significantly reduced relative to known end blocks, an end block for a magnetron configuration having a rotating target comprises an end block housing having an attachment surface for attaching the end block on a support apparatus, a pivot bearing for rotatable mounting of the rotating target, and at least one current conduction apparatus which conducts current through the end block housing in operation of the end block. The end block housing is implemented so that each current path in the end block housing which encloses the current conduction apparatus has an interruption at at least one point.

Abstract: An analyte test instrument that has a test strip circuitry that can be configured using information provided by a calibration strip to perform assays with test strips having two electrodes and test strips having three electrodes. The analyte test instrument of this invention comprises: (a) a test port for receiving a test strip; (b) a microprocessor for executing instructions downloaded into the analyte test instrument; (c) a test strip circuit capable of having a plurality of configurations, the configurations being set by the microprocessor, whereby an assay can be performed using the test strip.

Abstract: An analysis instrument for processing a microfluidic device, having sample storage means, a microfluidic device holder, sample loading means for loading sample into a microfluidic device disposed in the holder, processing means for enabling a reaction in a microfluidic device, and detection means for detecting and/or measuring the reaction is disclosed. The microfluidic device holder is adapted to hold the microfluidic device including a tape in position for processing and/or detection. A microfluidic processing device is also disclosed which includes a reaction chamber, and a sample loading chamber into which a sample is injectable. The reaction chamber is operatively connected to the sample loading chamber. A cover extends across at least part of the sample loading chamber. The cover and the reaction chamber include pierceable material and are separated by an overspill cavity configured to accept any overspill of an injected sample.

Abstract: There is disclosed means for quickly solving instability of sensor sensitivity performances found in an initial stage and stabilizing the sensor sensitivity performances, when immersing a chemical sensor kept under a dry state in a buffer solution used as a storage liquid and applying a measurement bias between a working electrode and a reference electrode to make first use of the chemical sensor for measurement in which the chemical sensor is used. To make the first use of the chemical sensor, after immersing the chemical sensor kept under a dry state in the buffer solution used as the storage liquid, a first initial treatment bias having the same direction as that of the measurement bias and possessing an absolute value larger than that of the measurement bias is applied between the working electrode and the reference electrode for a first initial treatment time.

Abstract: Electrochemical probes for corrosion monitoring in an environment that may cause the formation of electron-conducting deposits and the method for making such probes were described. The probes have long exposed electrodes. Except for the tip section, all surfaces of the exposed electrodes are coated with a coating or covered with electrically insulating tubing, so that only the tip section has uncovered metal that serves as the active areas of the electrodes. The coating or tubing material is such that the deposits cannot easily form on its surfaces. Because the electrical bridging between the active areas of any two electrodes requires the deposition of an evenly distributed layer of the electron-conducting deposits along the path from one area to the other area, the coated surface reduces the possibility of short-circuiting for the active areas of the electrodes. These probes are especially suitable for applications in systems containing hydrogen sulphide (H2S).

Abstract: Alternative approaches to fabricating printed circuit boards for use in droplet actuator operations are provided. In one embodiment, a method of manufacturing a droplet actuator for conducting droplet operations includes positioning a dielectric material between a first metal layer configured to include an electrode and a second metal layer configured to include an interconnect pad. The method additionally includes forming a connection between the first and second metal layers. Droplet actuators and methods of fabricating and supporting printed circuit boards of droplet actuators are also provided.

Abstract: A process for diagnosing vascular diseases (VD), comprising the step of determining the presence or absence of at least one polypeptide marker in a sample, wherein said polypeptide marker is selected from markers 1 to 526, which are characterized by values for the molecular masses and migration times (CE times).

Abstract: The invention provides an electrophoresis cassette, methods for making the electrophoresis cassette, and method of fractionating analytes from a sample based upon electrophoretic mobility in a single application of the sample to an electrophoretic system.

Abstract: A new approach is proposed that contemplates systems and methods to support a fully automated two dimensional gel electrophoresis instrument with modular scalability to support laboratory needs. Each instrument integrates a plurality of “plug-n-play” removable all-in-one precast “unigel” cassettes that each houses one or more of first and second dimension gels casted on a gel supports, wherein the cassette capacities of the instrument can be expanded to accommodate increasing numbers of cassettes. Here, each of the cassettes integrates a first dimension gel unit of the isoelectric focusing process and a second dimension gel unit of the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis process and allows for automatic insertion, removal, cooling, staining and distaining of the gels as well as addition of samples and operational buffers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of an amino acid having at least one secondary or tertiary amino group and three or more carboxyl groups or its salt with less than an equivalent of alkaline metal based on the number of carboxyl groups, said process comprising reducing alkali metal ions from an aqueous solution of an alkali metal salt of an amino acid having at least one secondary or tertiary amino group and three or more carboxyl groups and acidifying the amino carboxylate starting material by first performing a chemical acidification step using an organic or inorganic acid to get a compound in which at least one of the groups is protonated, and in a subsequent step further acidifying the amino carboxylate starting material and reducing alkali metal ions from an aqueous solution of the partially acidified alkali metal salt of the amino acid having at least one secondary or tertiary amino group and three or more carboxyl groups by electrodialysis, wherein the electrodialysis is performed

Abstract: To provide an electrode for a dielectrophoretic apparatus in which a background detected by reflecting an excited light on an electrode present under the substance (molecule) is reduced and an S/N ratio is enhanced. Also, there is provided an dielectrophoretic apparatus, in an apparatus in which a liquid containing substances to be separated is present in a non-uniform electric field formed by a dielectrophoretic electrode, and separation is carried out by a dielectrophoretic force exerting on the substances, wherein the collecting ability of substances is enhanced. The present invention is characterized in that a vacant space is provided in an electrode whereby substances subjected to influence by a negative dielectrophoretic force can be concentrated in said vacant space of an electrode, or above or below portion of the space.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods of determining polydispersity (PDI) and molecular mass distribution (MMD) of reactive PEG samples using mass spectrometry. More specifically, a mass spectrometry method called GEMMA is used to determine PDI and MMD of PEG samples which provides more accurate measurements for high molecular weight PEG samples than prior known MALDI-TOF analysis.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the deionization of liquids through the use of electrodeionization methods and apparatuses. The apparatuses may be configured to minimize the fouling of the electrode chambers and to provide continuous regeneration of the ion exchange materials. The apparatuses may be configured according to the desired levels of deionization for anions, cations, or both. Finally, methods are presented for various uses of the apparatuses.

Abstract: Fluid head height and foam/gas level control apparatus associated with a primary reaction chamber of an effluent processing electrocoagulation assembly is disclosed. The apparatus includes a plurality of rotatable disks each having an orifice located therethrough toward an outer circumference of the disk. The disks are mounted in a horizontal array of openings located at an upper portion of the primary reactor chamber, the orifices communicating through the openings, height of the orifices in the chamber being selectable by rotation of the disks. Rotatable restrictor plates are mounted on the disks for selective restriction of flow through the orifice.

Abstract: Electrocoagulation and sludge control apparatus and feed controller assembly for effluent treatment are disclosed, the apparatus including a primary reaction chamber having electrodes mounted therein and a treated effluent output. A sludge chamber is defined below and integrated with the primary reaction chamber and has a selectively openable outlet. The feed controller assembly is intermediate the primary reaction chamber and the sludge chamber and has a length selected for distribution of all effluent feed water across substantially an entire length of the primary reaction chamber.

Abstract: Deposition of nanoparticles onto carbon surfaces is described. Metal and/or metal oxide ions are deposited on a carbon surface by electrodeposition, such as by immersing a carbon and an anode in a salt bath, and applying a number of electrical pulses having a defined pulse width. The size, coverage density, and metallic composition of the nanoparticles may be affected by the pulse width of the electrical pulses, the number of electrical pulses, and the chemical composition of the salt bath, respectively. The carbon may be anodized before electrodeposition. If the carbon is a carbon precursor, after electrodeposition, the carbon precursor is carbonized to form a carbon. After electrodeposition, the carbon may be activated to form an activated carbon. The nanoparticles may serve as catalysts for activation rugosity of mesoporous carbons. The catalytically activated carbon materials may be used in all manner of devices that contain carbon materials.

Abstract: Generating pulsed discharge between an end surface of an electrode 37 and an end face portion of a metallic plate 11, to attrite the electrode 37, to form in the end surface of the electrode 37 a recess 41 conforming to a shape of the end face portion of the metallic plate 11, having the electrode 37 making a relative movement in a direction perpendicular to a lateral side of the metallic plate 11, generating pulsed discharge between an internal side face of the recess 41 of the electrode 37 and a lateral face 11bl (11cl) or 11br (11cr) of the end face portion of the metallic plate 11, to form an auxiliary coat 43 or 45 on the lateral face 11bl (11cl) or 11br (11cr) of the end face portion of the metallic plate 11, and generating pulsed discharge between a bottom face of the recess 41 of the electrode 37 and a top face 11bu (11cu) of the end face portion of the metallic plate 11, to form a cladding layer 47 on the end face portion of the metallic plate 11.

Abstract: A method for metallizing a via feature in a semiconductor integrated circuit device substrate, wherein the semiconductor integrated circuit device substrate comprises a front surface, a back surface, and the via feature and wherein the via feature comprises an opening in the front surface of the substrate, a sidewall extending from the front surface of the substrate inward, and a bottom. The method comprises contacting the semiconductor integrated circuit device substrate with an electrolytic copper deposition chemistry comprising (a) a source of copper ions and (b) a leveler compound, wherein the leveler compound is a reaction product of a dipyridyl compound and an alkylating agent; and supplying electrical current to the electrolytic deposition chemistry to deposit copper metal onto the bottom and sidewall of the via feature, thereby yielding a copper filled via feature.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a manufacturing method of a three dimensional structure having a hydrophobic inner surface. The manufacturing method includes anodizing a three dimensional metal member and forming fine holes on an external surface of the metal member, forming a replica by coating a non-wetting polymer material on the outer surface of the metal member and forming the non-wetting polymer material to be a replication structure corresponding to the fine holes of the metal member, forming an exterior by surrounding the replication structure with an exterior forming material, and etching the metal member and eliminating the metal member from the replication structure and the exterior forming material.