Abstract: This invention relates to a method of treating irradiated material which includes reducing irradiated material to particulate form, suspending the particulate irradiated material, or derivatives thereof, in a fluid to form a suspension, and removing radioisotopes from the suspension by biological treatment.

Abstract: Compositions, methods of manufacture and methods of treatment for post-myocardial infarction are herein disclosed. In some embodiments, the composition includes at least two components. In one embodiment, a first component can include a first functionalized polymer and a substance having at least one cell adhesion site combined in a first buffer at a pH of approximately 6.5. A second component can include a second buffer in a pH of between about 7.5 and 9.0. A second functionalized polymer can be included in the first or second component. In some embodiments, the composition can include at least one cell type and/or at least one growth factor. In some embodiments, the composition(s) of the present invention can be delivered by a dual bore injection device to a treatment area, such as a post-myocardial infarct region.

Abstract: Provided is a hybridization system for hybridizing a biochip including: a chamber device including at least a hybridization chamber including a support for a biochip and a first cover having a sample inlet; an agitation device including: two air channels connected to ends of the hybridization chamber; two valves disposed in the air channels; an integrated air channel to which the two air channels are connected; and an air pump disposed in the integrated air channel; and a washing and drying device including: a flow channel connected to one of the two air channels through a branched valve; a flow pump disposed in the flow channel; and a buffer inlet disposed opposite the flow channel.

Abstract: The microreactor has a body of semiconductor material; a large area buried channel extending in the body and having walls; a coating layer of insulating material coating the walls of the channel; a diaphragm extending on top of the body and upwardly closing the channel. The diaphragm is formed by a semiconductor layer completely encircling mask portions of insulating material.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and compositions for the expression of small RNA molecules within a cell using a lentiviral vector. The methods can be used to express doubles stranded RNA complexes. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) can be expressed using the methods of the invention within a cell, which are capable of down regulating the expression of a target gene through RNA interference. A variety of cells can be treated according to the methods of the invention including embryos, embryogenic stem cells, allowing for the generation of transgenic animals or animals constituted partly by the transduced cells that have a specific gene or a group of genes down regulated.

Abstract: Isolated DNAs encoding the enzyme I-SpomI and its recognition and cutting site are provided. The DNA sequences can be incorporated in cloning and expression vectors, transformed cell lines and transgenic animals. The vectors are useful in gene mapping and site-directed insertion of genes.

Abstract: Disclosed are mammalian cell surface display vectors for isolating and/or characterizing immunoglobulins and various uses thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods and compositions for treatment of conditions requiring inhibition of angiogenesis. Such conditions include those characterized by neovascularization, such as retinopathies, macular degeneration and various malignancies.

Abstract: The present invention relates to multi-ribozymes and their use to target RNA in a tissue-specific, target RNA-specific, or pathogen-specific manner for the treatment of cancers, proliferative disease, and bacterial, parasitic and viral infections. More specifically, the present invention relates to the use of virions and viral vectors to package and deliver DNA encoding the multi-ribozymes to a host. The present invention relates to the use of liposomes and lipid-DNA complexes to deliver DNA encoding ribozymes to a host. Most specifically, the invention relates to the use of target specific virions to package and deliver DNA comprising a target specific promoter and encoding a ribozyme(s) directed to the target organism nucleic acids. The present invention further relates to a novel vectors encoding a multi-ribozyme structure with enhanced 5? and/or 3? autocatalytically cleaving ribozymes.

Abstract: The device incorporates a structurally stable membrane (4, 4?, 34, 35) that incorporates a surface (15) to be bonded to a tissue to be regenerated, specifically a vital bone (2, 22, 38, 39). Means (9, 5, 6, 25, 36) are additionally provided whereby the membrane (4, 4?, 24, 35) is movable for the regeneration with a certain pulling force and speed. According to the invention the membrane (4, 4?, 24, 35) has, on its surface facing the tissue or bone, means (16) for the biological anchoring and adhesion for tissue or bone cells. These means (16) for the biological anchoring of tissue cells are specifically bone cells, protein molecules and/or osteoblasts (17), as well as indentations (45, 46, 48) and surface peaks (50) of the membrane.

Abstract: This invention provides populations human cells of the cardiomyocyte lineage. The cells are obtained by causing cultures of pluripotent stem cells to differentiate in vitro, and then harvesting cells with certain phenotypic features. Differentiated cells bear cell surface and morphologic markers characteristic of cardiomyocytes, and a proportion of them undergo spontaneous periodic contraction. Highly enriched populations of cardiomyocytes and their replicating precursors can be obtained, suitable for use in a variety of applications, such as drug screening and therapy for cardiac disease.

Abstract: The subject invention pertains to compositions and methods for culturing nerve tissue in vitro and nerve grafts produced using such methods. The compositions and methods of the subject invention can be employed to restore the continuity of nerve interrupted by disease, traumatic events or surgical procedures. The invention also concerns methods for promoting repair of damaged nerve tissue using the present compositions and nerve tissue treated according to such methods.

Abstract: A method for producing a neuroblast and a cellular composition comprising an enriched population of neuroblast cells is provided. Also disclosed are methods for identifying compositions which affect neuroblasts and for treating a subject with a neuronal disorder, and a culture system for the production and maintenance of neuroblasts.

Abstract: Methods of producing human stem cells are disclosed for parthenogenetically activating human oocytes by manipulation of O2 tension, including manipulation of Ca2+ under high O2 tension and contacting oocytes with serine threonine kinase inhibitors under low O2 tension, isolating inner cell masses (ICMs) from the activated oocytes, and culturing the cells of the isolated ICMs under high O2 tension. Moreover, methods are described for the production of stems cells from activated oocytes in the absence of non-human animal products, including the use of human feeder cells/products for culturing ICM/stem cells. Stem cells produced by the disclosed methods are also described.

Abstract: This inventive discloses a method for transdifferentiating mesenchymal stem cells into neuronal cells, which comprises increasing the level of a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor in the mesenchymal stem cells, said cells being useful in cell therapy or gene therapy for treating brain neurological diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer disease, Hungtington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, cerebral paralysis and brain ischemia; and spine disfunction caused by a traumatic injury.

Abstract: A cell culture assembly and a method for culturing cells that provide mechanical stimulation to cells. The cell culture assembly can include a flow chamber positioned in a fluid path and a support comprising cells positioned within the flow chamber to expose the cells to the fluid path. The cell culture assembly can further include a means for producing a steady flow of fluid in the fluid path, and a means for producing an oscillatory flow of fluid in the fluid path simultaneously with producing the steady flow of fluid in the fluid path to mechanically stimulate the cells. The method can include transporting fluid in the fluid path at a substantially steady flow rate, and transporting fluid in the fluid path at a substantially oscillatory flow rate simultaneously with transporting fluid in the fluid path at a substantially steady flow rate.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for producing pine somatic embryos using a liquid development medium and/or a liquid stratification medium. In a first aspect, the methods comprise the step of culturing embryogenic cells in, or on, a liquid development medium to produce cotyledonary pine somatic embryos. In another aspect, the methods comprise the step of culturing pine cotyledonary somatic embryos in, or on, a liquid stratification medium to produce stratified cotyledonary somatic embryos. The invention also provides methods for producing pine somatic embryos in bioreactors.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods and reagents for promoting the differentiation of oligodendrocytes from stem cells, by co-activating the Olig genes and the Nkx2.2 genes, and the use of the differentiated oligodendrocytes thus obtained in treating diseases, such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS). The invention also relates to the use of OLPs and oligodendrocytes thus obtained for drug screening.

Abstract: In one aspect, the invention provides methods and compositions for the expression of small RNA molecules within a cell using a retroviral vector (FIG. 1A). The methods can be used to express double stranded RNA complexes. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) can be expressed using the methods of the invention within a cell, that interfere with a viral life cycle by down regulating either the viral genome, a viral genome transcript, or a host cell that. In another aspect the invention provides methods for treating patients having suffering from infection, particularly infection with HIV. In a further aspect, the invention provides methods for producing siRNA encoding lentivirus where the siRNA activity may interfere with the lentiviral life cycle.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel method of significantly promoting the ratio of homologous recombination in desirable cells. In order to enhance the ratio of homologous recombination in desirable cells such as eukaryotic cells, mutation is introduced into genes encoding factors necessary for non-homologous recombination, such as Ku70 or Ku80, or the above genes are disrupted, so as to cause the loss of the functions thereof. At the time, foreign DNA is introduced into the cells via the electroshock method or the like, so as to carry out homologous recombination, thereby promoting the frequency of homologous recombination in the cells.

Abstract: The invention relates to hyperactive, non-phosphorylated, mutant transposases of mariner mobile genetic elements. The invention also relates to recombinant nucleotide sequences encoding such transposases. The invention further relates to a method of producing said transposases and to the use thereof for in vitro or in vivo transposition.

Abstract: The present invention provides a reference solution for use in instruments that determine hematocrit levels in biological samples by measuring the resistance and/or conductivity of the biological samples. A reference solution according to the invention achieves conductivities representative of known hematocrit levels in blood, while maintaining tolerable levels of interference with the measurement of other analytes in the reference solution.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for screening of polycondensation catalysts, wherein at least two polycondensation catalysis reactions are performed simultaneously under substantially equivalent conditions in at least two reaction cells which are present in one and the same room, using a sample comprising material to be polycondensated and a catalyst to be screened, and wherein the performances of the catalysts are analyzed. The present invention further relates to an apparatus suitable for performing the method.

Abstract: A communication unit (12) of a service center (10) transmits and receives information such as analysis information to and from a plurality of automatically analyzing apparatuses (100). A database (16) stores the information such as the analysis information. An analysis information parsing unit (14) evaluates and parses results of analyses made by the automatically analyzing apparatuses using the analysis information stored in the database. The reagent parameter registration unit (18) registers information on reagents in the database (16). The communication unit (12), responsive to a request from an automatically analyzing apparatus, retrieves information on analysis parameters related to managed reagents from the database for transfer to the automatically analyzing apparatus. In this way, analysis parameters can be readily set for a testing item to be analyzed using a reagent.

Abstract: A hemostasis analyzer, such as the Thrombelastograph® (TEG®) hemostasis analyzer is utilized to measure continuously in real time, the hemostasis process from the initial fibrin formation, through platelet-fibrin interaction and lysis to generate blood hemostasis parameters. The measured blood hemostasis parameters permit evaluation of a patient hemostasis condition.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for diagnosing an acute cardiovascular event and for differentiating between an acute cardiovascular event and chronic heart failure based on measuring a cardiac troponin and a natriuretic peptide in a sample from a patient and comparing the measured amounts with reference amounts, as well as devices and kits for carrying out such methods.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cyanide detection method using fluorescence and cyanide sensitive boronic acid containing fluorophores, wherein a change in a measured fluorescent property correlates to the concentration of the cyanide compound in a biological or environmental test sample.

Abstract: Methods for testing the chromatography type and/or the integrity of a chromatography membrane or monolith, preferably, for testing the chromatography type and integrity of a chromatography device comprising a chromatography membrane or chromatography monolith while the membrane or monolith is sealed in a housing, are disclosed.

Abstract: When detecting fluorescence of a bead chip array, reflected light from a bead is detected at the same time, so as to recognize the bead position. The reflected light can be detected in a similar manner for all beads, regardless of the presence or absence of a fluorescent substance. If the positions of all beads are detected, accurate detection can be achieved by quantifying only the fluorescence at the detected positions. The fluorescence wavelength alone is detected by a first detector using a wavelength selection filter. Other wavelengths are detected by a second detector, thereby obtaining the reflected light. Data on the reflected light is processed into an image for obtaining the bead profile, the bead position is recognized by detecting the center position based on the profile, and the fluorescence is quantified based on the bead position.

Abstract: There is provided a method for preparing an analytical standard used for microbeam X-ray fluorescence analysis which includes: a mixing step in which an element is added to a base material, and the base material and the element are mixed by stirring to obtain a mixed solution; a deaeration step in which the mixed solution is deaerated; a freeze step in which the mixed solution is slowly frozen; and a cutting step in which a thin section is cut out from the frozen mixed solution. In order to surely remove bubbles from the mixed solution, the deaeration step may contain a stationary step in which the mixed solution is allowed to stand still at room temperature; or the stationary step includes a removal step in which gas contained in the mixed solution which is allowed to stand still is removed with a suction apparatus.

Abstract: A system for the detection of ligands comprising at least one receptor and an amplification mechanism coupled to the receptor wherein an amplified signal is produced as a result of receptor binding a ligand. Examples of suitable amplification mechanisms include antibody-embedded liquid crystalline materials; use of alpha-2-macroglobulin to encage an enzyme, whereby the enzyme is separated from its substrate by an receptor; and a receptor engineered to inhibit the active of site of an enzyme only in the absence of a ligand. Also provided are methods for the automatic detection of ligands.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of analysis of a mixture of biological and/or chemical components that entails spatially arranging a chosen component attached to magnetic particles, exposing the particles to a magnetic field, and recording a magnetic induction signal, from which the content of the analyte in the mixture is judged; this includes grouping the chosen component in a probe volume, making the magnetic field alternating, pre-setting its spectrum, at least, at two frequencies, and recording the signal at a frequency, which is a linear combination of these frequencies, during the exposure of the magnetic particles to the field.

Abstract: This invention relates to MRAM technology and new variations on MRAM array architecture to incorporate certain advantages from both cross-point and 1T-1MTJ architectures. The fast read-time and higher signal-to-noise ratio of the 1T-1MTJ architecture and the higher packing density of the cross-point architecture are both exploited by combining certain characteristics of these layouts. A single access transistor 16 is used to read the multiple MRAM cells in a segment of a column, which can be stacked vertically above one another in a plurality of MRAM array layers arranged in a “Z” axis direction.

Abstract: There is provided a magnetic memory device and a method of forming the same. The magnetic memory device includes an invariable pinning pattern and a variable pinning pattern on a substrate. A tunnel barrier pattern is interposed between the invariable pinning pattern and the variable pinning pattern, and the pinned pattern is interposed between the invariable pinning pattern and the tunnel barrier pattern. A storage free pattern is interposed between the tunnel barrier pattern and the variable pinning pattern, and a guide free pattern is interposed between the storage free pattern and the variable pinning pattern. A free reversing pattern is interposed between the storage and guide free patterns. The free reversing pattern reverses a magnetization direction of the storage free pattern and a magnetization direction of the guide free pattern in the opposite directions.

Abstract: A magnetic memory device and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. The magnetic memory device can include a word line, a freely switchable layer, a fixed layer, a dielectric layer, and a bit line. The freely switchable layer can be electrically connected to a diffusion region at one side of the word line, and the fixed layer can be horizontally adjacent to the freely switchable layer. The dielectric layer can be provided between the freely switchable layer and the fixed layer, and the bit line can be electrically connected to the fixed layer.

Abstract: A method of forming a metal line pattern for a semiconductor device is provided. The method includes forming a preliminary structure on a semiconductor substrate, having a lower barrier metal layer, a metal layer, and an upper barrier and/or passivation layer having a first thickness; removing a top surface of the passivation layer so that the passivation layer has a second thickness; forming a sub-passivation layer on the passivation layer; forming an adhesion promoter and a photoresist pattern on the sub-passivation layer; and forming a metal line pattern by etching the preliminary structure using the photoresist pattern as an etching mask.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device includes placing a sample of a liquid chemical containing a contaminant on a substantially impurity-free surface of a substrate. The liquid chemical is evaporated, leaving the contaminant on the surface. The contaminant is concentrated in a scanning solution, which is then evaporated to form a residue. A concentration of the contaminant in the residue is determined.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of manufacturing a flash memory device. The method can include performing a first test on memory banks of chips on a wafer to record an availability of the banks; performing an inking process on each of the chips according to a number of available banks in the chip; performing a sawing process to divide the chips mounted on the wafer; packaging the divided chips according to the number of available banks in the chip; and performing a verification test on the packaged chips.

Abstract: A wall film monitoring system includes first and second microwave mirrors in a plasma processing chamber each having a concave surface. The concave surface of the second mirror is oriented opposite the concave surface of the first mirror. A power source is coupled to the first mirror and configured to produce a microwave signal. A detector is coupled to at least one of the first mirror and the second mirror and configured to measure a vacuum resonance voltage of the microwave signal. A control system is connected to the detector that compares a first measured voltage and a second measured voltage and determines whether the second voltage exceeds a threshold value. A method of monitoring wall film in a plasma chamber includes loading a wafer in the chamber, setting a frequency of a microwave signal output to a resonance frequency, and measuring a first vacuum resonance voltage of the microwave signal.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a printing head is able to maintain an appropriate connection between a substrate and flying leads. The process includes a connecting step of connecting electric connection terminals of a substrate and flying leads provided on an electric wiring basic material and a mounting step of mounting a unit consisting of the electric wiring base material and the substrate connected together, on a printing head main body. During the connecting step, the substrate and each flying lead are electrically connected together with a predetermined distance between them. During the mounting step, the unit is fixed to the printing head main body so that the distance between each of the electric connection terminals of the substrate and the electric wiring base material is shorter than the predetermined distance. This forms a slack shape of each flying lead.

Abstract: Methods and devices are provided for absorber layers formed on foil substrate. In one embodiment, a method of manufacturing photovoltaic devices may be comprised of providing a substrate comprising of at least one electrically conductive aluminum foil substrate, at least one electrically conductive diffusion barrier layer, and at least one electrically conductive electrode layer above the diffusion barrier layer. The diffusion barrier layer may prevent chemical interaction between the aluminum foil substrate and the electrode layer. An absorber layer may be formed on the substrate. In one embodiment, the absorber layer may be a non-silicon absorber layer. In another embodiment, the absorber layer may be an amorphous silicon (doped or undoped) absorber layer. Optionally, the absorber layer may be based on organic and/or inorganic materials.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a backlight including a plurality of LEDs arranged in a plane manner. The method includes: preparing LEDs which are classified into a plurality of ranks in accordance with brightness; mounting, in respective blocks each having a same number of points for mounting LEDs, LEDs which are at least two different-ranked; and causing combinations of ranks of the LEDs in the respective blocks to conform to each other. Alternatively, the LEDs, classified into ranks each having a known center value of brightness, are mounted in the blocks such that a total of the center values of the respective ranks in each of the blocks becomes substantially uniform. This realizes a backlight having a uniform in-plane brightness distribution with a merit of cost.

Abstract: A semiconductor structure comprising a light emitting layer disposed between an n-type region and a p-type region is formed. A portion of the light emitting layer and the p-type region are removed to expose a portion of the n-type region. A first metal contact is formed on an exposed portion of the n-type region and a second metal contact is formed on a remaining portion of the p-type region. The first and second metal contacts are formed on a same side of the semiconductor structure. A dielectric material is disposed between the first and second metal contacts. The dielectric material is in direct contact with a portion of the semiconductor structure, a portion of the first metal contact, and a portion of the second metal contact. A surface of the device is then planarized by removing a portion of at least one of the first metal contact, the second metal contact, and the dielectric material.

Abstract: Series interconnection of optoelectronic device modules is disclosed. Each device module includes an active layer disposed between a bottom electrode and a transparent conducting layer. An insulating layer is disposed between the bottom electrode of a first device module and a backside top electrode of the first device module. One or more vias are formed through the active layer, transparent conducting layer and insulating layer of the first device module. Sidewalls of the vias are coated with an insulating material such that a channel is formed through the insulating material to the backside top electrode of the first device module. The channel is at least partially filled with an electrically conductive material to form a plug that makes electrical contact between the transparent conducting layer and the backside top electrode of the first device module.

Abstract: The LED chip package of the present invention uses a semiconductor substrate as package substrate, which improves heat dissipation. Also, the LED chip package is incorporated with a planarization structure, which renders the LED chip and the substrate a substantially planar surface, thereby making formation of a planar patterned conductive layer possible. Accordingly, serial/parallel electrical connections between light emitting diode chips can be easily implemented by virtue of the planar patterned conductive layer.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a package with a light emitting device includes depositing a first metallization to form a conductive pad on which the light emitting device is to be mounted and to form one or more feed-through interconnections extending through a semiconductor material that supports the conductive pad. Subsequently, a second metallization is deposited to form a reflective surface for reflecting light, emitted by the light emitting device, through a lid of the package. Deposition of the second metallization is de-coupled from deposition of the first metallization.

Abstract: A method of making a semiconductor device includes forming a first photoresist layer over an underlying layer, patterning the first photoresist layer into a first photoresist pattern, wherein the first photoresist pattern comprises a plurality of spaced apart first photoresist features located over the underlying layer, and etching the underlying layer using the first photoresist pattern as a mask to form a plurality of first spaced apart features. The method further includes removing the first photoresist pattern, forming a second photoresist layer over the plurality of first spaced apart features, and patterning the second photoresist layer into a second photoresist pattern, wherein the second photoresist pattern comprises a plurality of second photoresist features covering edge portions of the plurality of first spaced apart features.

Abstract: The invention provides Group III nitride semiconductor crystals of a size appropriate for semiconductor devices and methods for manufacturing the same, Group III nitride semiconductor devices and methods for manufacturing the same, and light-emitting appliances. A method of manufacturing a Group III nitride semiconductor crystal includes a process of growing at least one Group III nitride semiconductor crystal substrate on a starting substrate, a process of growing at least one Group III nitride semiconductor crystal layer on the Group III nitride semiconductor crystal substrate, and a process of separating a Group III nitride semiconductor crystal, constituted by the Group III nitride semiconductor crystal substrate and the Group III nitride semiconductor crystal layer, from the starting substrate, and is characterized in that the Group III nitride semiconductor crystal is 10 ?m or more but 600 ?m or less in thickness, and is 0.2 mm or more but 50 mm or less in width.

Abstract: A method of forming an optically active region on a silicon substrate includes the steps of epitaxially growing a silicon buffer layer on the silicon substrate and epitaxially growing a SiGe cladding layer having a plurality of arrays of quantum dots disposed therein, the quantum dots being formed from a compound semiconductor material having a lattice mismatch with the silicon buffer layer. The optically active region may be incorporated into devices such as light emitting diodes, laser diodes, and photodetectors.

Abstract: A solid-state image sensing apparatus having a three-dimensional structure whose manufacturing process can be simplified is provided. A solid-state image sensing apparatus formed by bonding a first member and a second member is provided. The first member has a first surface on the side of the bonding interface between the first member and the second member and a second surface on the opposite side of the bonding interface. The second member has a third surface on the bonding interface side and a fourth surface on the opposite side of the bonding interface. The first member includes photoelectric conversion elements which are formed on the first surface before the first member is bonded to the second member. The second member includes circuit elements which are formed on the third surface before bonding.