Abstract: A method and apparatus for thermally processing a substrate is described. The apparatus includes a substrate support configured to move linearly and/or rotationally by a magnetic drive. The substrate support is also configured to receive a radiant heat source to provide heating region in a portion of the chamber. An active cooling region comprising a cooling plate is disposed opposite the heating region. The substrate may move between the two regions to facilitate rapidly controlled heating and cooling of the substrate.

Abstract: A method for controlling a pyrolysis cleaning process in an oven includes the steps: a) heating an oven cavity of the oven by switching on a heat source; b) measuring, using an oxygen sensor, an oxygen concentration in the oven cavity or in an exhaust-air conduit configured to discharge fumes from the oven cavity; c) comparing, in an evaluation circuitry of an electrical control unit, the measured oxygen concentration to a predefined limit value stored in a memory; d) operating, if the measured oxygen concentration drops below the limit value, the oven for a predefined first time interval with the heat source switched off, a duration of the first time interval being stored in the memory; and e) repeating steps b) through d) after the first time interval has ended; or f) repeating steps a) through d) if the measured oxygen concentration is equal to or greater than the limit value.

Abstract: A sensor for a sensor device on a cooking hob is provided with contacts on a support, an electronic circuit for signal processing and a resistance track for temperature measurement. The sensor is arranged in a tubular metallic housing above a radiant heater of the cooking hob. The metallic housing is operated as an electromagnetic pan recognition sensor. The functions of temperature measurement and pan recognition can be combined in one sensor device as a module. A good transmission of sensor signals can be achieved as a result of the physical proximity of the sensor signal processor to the sensor by placing them on the same support.

Abstract: A ceramic heater according to the present invention includes a heating portion made of ceramics, and a cooling plate portion. In the heating portion, a belt like printed electrode is formed continuously in a spiral shape along a circumferential direction, and in the printed electrode, slits extended in a width direction of the printed electrode are provided. In such a way, a ceramic heater in which uniform heating performance in the heating surface is high can be obtained.

Abstract: A resonator device including an induction coil, a conductive member positioned adjacent the induction coil, and a dielectric layer between at least a portion of the induction coil and the conductive member to form a capacitor structure. In one embodiment, the conductive member can be a stent. In an alternative embodiment, the conductive member can be a conductive film. In an additional embodiment, the dielectric layer can have a dielectric constant that changes in a predetermined fashion between at least a portion of the induction coil and the conductive member to allow for a uniform current distribution in the resonator device. The dielectric layer can also include a flexible elongate body.

Abstract: An instrument and associated method are disclosed for preparing samples for column chromatography.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for processing, storing and heating foodstuffs in a partially metal microwavable bowl, and more specifically, a substantially metallic stackable container with a microwavable transparent portion and a selectively removable lid, wherein the same container can be used to store, ship, heat, and serve a foodstuff to a consumer.

Abstract: Multilayer freezable/microwaveable films and packages having both low temperature resistance to withstand subzero freezer storage temperatures and high temperature resistance to withstand microwave cooking temperatures. The freezable/microwaveable films and packages include, for example, a film having at least three coextruded layers comprising an inner heat sealable layer, at least one core layer adjacent to the heat sealable layer, and an outer skin layer adjacent the core layer opposite the heat sealable layer. Preferably, the films and packages further include an outer protective layer laminated to the outer skin layer. The freezable/microwaveable packages can include a venting system, such as vent slits or a vent valve in the package, or vents in at least one seal of the package, to facilitate microwave heating or cooking of the package contents.

Abstract: An aircraft in the form of multi-stage missile 1 with a spiral inducing assembly 2 which is capable of inducing the missile to travel in a continuous spiraling motion without the missile rolling. A ramjet 6b is attached to a tube 3 that is able to rotate around the encircled part of the fuselage. The ramjet 6b is able to rotate in a pivoting manner on the rotate-able tube 3 with respect to the rotate-able tube 3, thereby changing their pitch relative to the longitudinal axis of the rotate-able tube 3. Ramjet 6b is rotated to a greater than another ramjet on the right side of the tube 3. The difference in degree of rotation between the ramjets makes the ramjet 6b exert a greater force on the rotate-able tube 3 than the ramjet on the right side when the ramjets are rotated in the same direction. The imbalance between the rotational forces thus causes the rotate-able tube 3 to rotate. When rotated, the ramjets would exert a lateral force on the rotate-able tube 3.

Abstract: An imaging system is presented for use in multi-range imaging of an object scene by incoherent light. The imaging system comprises aligned a phase mask section, a single focus lens section, and a pixel detector array (PDA). The phase mask section has a generally non-diffractive, narrowly bounded, phase variation corresponding to a profile of a through-object Modulated Transfer Function (MTF) of the imaging system, where the profile has, at an at least one non-zero spatial frequency, at least two regions of growth leading to the MTF higher than 10%.

Abstract: An imaging apparatus able to design lenses without regard as to a zoom position or zoom amount and able to restore an image by high precision operation and a method of same, including an optical unit 110 including a plurality of optical systems 110-1 and 110-2 forming a first order image and having different magnifications, an imaging element 120, and an image processing device 150 forming the first order image to a high definition final image, wherein, in the image processing device 150, a kernel size used at the time of the convolution operation and the coefficients used in the operation of numerical values thereof are made variable in accordance with the magnification of the optical system, this is determined by input of an operation unit 190 etc., and the kernel size having suitability in accordance with the magnification of the optical system or the above coefficients are linked.

Abstract: An optical sampling and control element for use with a luminaire exhibiting a cycle and a frame, the optical sampling and control element being constituted of a color sensor in optical communication with the luminaire; and a sampler connected to the outputs of the color sensor, the sampler comprising an integrator arranged to integrate the outputs of the color sensor over a predetermined period less than the frame.

Abstract: The invention relates to a photomultiplier (10) with a fastening device, where the photomultiplier (10) has a solid cylindrical body, particularly a glass body (11), and a tubular jacket, a light inlet (12) on the front end and connecting contacts (14) on the back end, and where the fastening device has a socket (20) on the front end and a plug contact (30) resting on the connecting contacts (14) on the back end, and where a force-fitting and form-fitting connection is produced between the plug contact (30) and the socket (20) by means of a connecting component (40).

Abstract: Pixels are two-dimensionally arrayed, each of the pixels having a first photoelectric conversion section which is divided into a plurality of regions to perform photoelectric conversions and a second photoelectric conversion section whose outer periphery is surrounded with the plurality of regions of the first photoelectric conversion section and which is divided into a plurality of regions to perform photoelectric conversion. In addition, micro-optical systems are arrayed so as to correspond to the pixels, the micro-optical systems guiding light of an object to the pixels. A division manner of the plurality of regions of the first photoelectric conversion section is different from a division manner of the plurality of regions of the second photoelectric conversion section.

Abstract: An imaging system (100) for displaying color images is described. The imaging system (100) comprises an illumination source (102) for generating an illumination beam, an illumination splitting means (106) typically for generating different primary color illumination beams and a plurality of image modulators (104a, 104b, 104c). The illumination splitting means (106) comprises a dynamic selecting means (108) adapted for, for a single color image to be imaged, subsequently generating different sub-sets of primary color sub-beams from said illumination beam and directing these sub-sets of primary color sub-beams to a static selecting means (110).

Abstract: A solid-state imaging device, includes: a pixel array area including an unit pixel having a photoelectric conversion element and a transfer gate; a first supply voltage control means for supplying a first control voltage to a control electrode of the transfer gate; a second supply voltage control means for sequentially supplying one or plural second control voltages having a voltage value different from the first control voltage to the control electrode; a third supply voltage control means for supplying a third control voltage having the same voltage value as the second control voltages once or plural times prior to one or plural supplies of the second control voltages; a first driving means for reading signal charges from the transfer gate when the first control voltage is supplied; and a second driving means for reading signal charges from the transfer gate once and more when the second control voltage is sequentially applied.

Abstract: The present invention provides an image sensor which comprises improved microlenses to cope with different optical requirements for oblique incident light or different components of light. In one embodiment, the image sensor comprises at least two microlenses having different radii of curvature. In another embodiment, the image sensor comprises at least one asymmetrical microlens.

Abstract: A preferred embodiment comprises a method and system for generating an image of a subject or area comprising a processor; at least one incoherent light source which illuminates the subject or area; a first receiver for receiving light reflected from the subject or area operatively connected to the processor; a second receiver for receiving light from at least one incoherent light source operatively connected to the processor; the first receiver collecting the amount of light reflected from the subject and transmit a value at specific intervals of time; the second receiver comprising a second detector which detects and transmits spatial information regarding the incoherent light source independent of any data concerning the subject at specific intervals of time; wherein the processor correlates the value transmitted by the first receiver with the spatial information derived from the second receiver at correlating intervals of time to create an image of the subject or area.

Abstract: A rod-shaped light guide which does not cause unevenness in color at the portion near an incident face is produced by injection-molding transparent resin such as acryl and its surfaces include a light-emitting surface, a bottom face, left and right sides and end faces. One end face opposes a light emitting unit, and light scattering patterns for scattering light incident from the end face are formed on the bottom face. The light scattering patterns are different in shape between a portion near the end face as the incident face and a portion away from the end face.

Abstract: The invention relates generally to systems, methods and devices for analyzing samples and, more particularly, to systems using tandem differential mobility spectrometers in combination with a mass analyzer to enhance the analysis process of constituents of a sample.

Abstract: An instrument for non-invasively measuring nanoparticle exposure includes a corona discharge element generating ions to effect unipolar diffusion charging of an aerosol, followed by an ion trap for removing excess ions and a portion of the charged particles with electrical mobilities above a threshold. Downstream, an electrically conductive HEPA filter or other collecting element accumulates the charged particles and provides the resultant current to an electrometer amplifier. The instrument is tunable to alter the electrometer amplifier output toward closer correspondence with a selected function describing particle behavior, e.g. nanoparticle deposition in a selected region of the respiratory system. Tuning entails adjusting voltages applied to one or more of the ion trap, the corona discharge element and the collecting element. Alternatively, tuning involves adjusting the aerosol flow rate, either directly or in comparison to the flow rate of a gas conducting the ions toward merger with the aerosol.

Abstract: Aspects of the invention include sample ionizing devices and methods of use thereof. Embodiments of the sample ionizing devices include a microplasma generation source with a plasma generation region, a sample input port for delivering a sample to the plasma generation region, and a gas flow element configured to flow gas through the microplasma generation source independently of the sample input port. The devices and methods of the invention find use in a variety of different applications, including analyte detection applications.

Abstract: In a liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer having an ionization interface capable of simultaneously performing ionization operations by ESI and APCI, a spray nozzle 22 for spraying a liquid sample given form a liquid chromatograph section as charged droplets, and a corona discharger 25 for ionizing mobile phase solvent molecules are placed in the same ionization chamber 21. The same voltages are applied to both the spray nozzle and the corona discharger from a single high-voltage power supply 41. The electrical power's value of the heater 27 of the heated dry gas supplier for drying the charged droplets generated in the spray nozzle 22 are set to be suitable for the ionization according to APCI. Consequently, the labor for the circuit design and the number of the parts are reduced. At the same time, the parameter setting items for the user are decreased, which leads to enhanced operability.

Abstract: A method of transmitting ions along an analyzer region between closely spaced electrodes is disclosed. The method includes providing an analyzer region for transmitting ions, the analyzer region in fluid communication with an ionization source and with an ion detecting device. The method further includes affecting a pressure within at least one portion of the analyzer region, to differ from the pressure within another part of the analyzer region, and providing an electric field that is synchronized with the pressure differences to focus the ions.

Abstract: Information of a specimen holder or information of a specimen mounted on the specimen holder is stored in a memory inside the specimen holder mounted to an electron microscope. The memory is accessed to transmit the information of the specimen holder to the electron microscope, thereby ensuring that the user can use the specimen holder without mistaking characteristics of the specimen holder and danger of erroneous recording of the specimen information can be reduced.

Abstract: Preferred embodiments of the invention provide for methods and systems of 2D spectroscopy using ultrafast, first light and second light beams and a CCD array detector. A cylindrically-focused second light beam interrogates a target that is optically interactive with a frequency-dispersed excitation (first light) pulse, whereupon the second light beam is frequency-dispersed at right angle orientation to its line of focus, so that the horizontal dimension encodes the spatial location of the second light pulse and the first light frequency, while the vertical dimension encodes the second light frequency. Differential spectra of the first and second light pulses result in a 2D frequency-frequency surface equivalent to double-resonance spectroscopy. Because the first light frequency is spatially encoded in the sample, an entire surface can be acquired in a single interaction of the first and second light pulses.

Abstract: The invention relates to an infrared measuring device, especially for the spectrometry of aqueous systems. Said device comprises at least one measuring unit, especially a measuring cell, also comprising at least one ATR-body and at least one infrared light source. The measuring unit contains at least one ATR-body which comprises at least two planar, substantially parallel limiting surfaces and which is transparent with respect to measuring radiation and which has an index of refraction which is greater than that of the medium which is arranged next to at least one limiting surface and which is to be examined, especially larger or equal to 1.5. The IR-measuring radiation on at least one of the planar, parallel limiting surfaces of the ATR-body can be totally reflected in an attenuated manner by at least six times.

Abstract: A conversion apparatus of the present invention includes a pixel region in which a plurality of pixels are arranged. The pixels are including the switching elements and the conversion elements. The pixel region includes a switching element region in which the plurality of switching elements are arranged in row and column directions, and a conversion element region in which the plurality of conversion elements are arranged in row and column directions. A plurality of signal wirings are including a second metal layer, and connected to the plurality of switching elements of the column direction. Bias wirings are including a fourth metal layer, and connected to the plurality of conversion elements. An external signal wiring is including the first metal layer outside the pixel region, and connected to the signal wirings. The external signal wiring and the bias wiring intersect each other.

Abstract: An x-ray detector is disclosed that has had all unnecessary material removed from the x-ray beam path, and all of the remaining material in the beam path made as light and as low in atomic number as possible. The resulting detector is essentially transparent to x-rays and, thus, has greatly reduced internal scatter. The result of this is that x-ray attenuation data measured for the object under examination are much more accurate and have an increased dynamic range. The benefits of this improvement are that beam hardening corrections can be made accurately, that computed tomography reconstructions can be used for quantitative determination of material properties including density and atomic number, and that lower exposures may be possible as a result of the increased dynamic range.

Abstract: The radiation image conversion panel in accordance with the present invention has an aluminum substrate; an alumite layer formed on a surface of the aluminum substrate; a metal film, provided on the alumite layer, having a radiation transparency and a light reflectivity; a protective film covering the metal film and having a radiation transparency and a light transparency; and a converting part provided on the protective film and adapted to convert a radiation image.

Abstract: An x-ray detector module comprises a plurality of silicon drift detector cells arranged next to each other on a sensor chip. The sensor chip is arranged in a recess of a frame-shaped base support, such that the sensitive chip surface lies in the opening of the frame-shaped base support. A mask (10) is fixed to the side of the base support (2) opposite to the recess and covers the outer edge areas of external detector cells and ridges above the sensor chip (8) protrude into the opening of the base support (2). The ridges are arranged in such a manner that they cover the defining strips which are adjacent to the detector cells, in order to protect the external edge areas and the defining strips which are covered by the mask (10) counter to the incident x-ray photons.

Abstract: A radiation detecting apparatus according to the present invention includes: pixels including switching elements arranged on an insulating substrate and conversion elements arranged on the switching elements to convert a radiation into electric carriers, the switching elements and the conversion elements are connected with each other, the pixels two-dimensionally arranged on the insulating substrate in a matrix; gate wiring commonly connected with a plurality of switching elements arranged in a row direction on the insulating substrate; signal wiring commonly connected with a plurality of switching elements arranged in a column direction; and a plurality of insulating films arranged between the switching elements and the conversion elements, wherein at least one of the gate wiring and the signal wiring is arranged to be put between the plurality of insulating films.

Abstract: A system, method, device, and process for making and using an electromagnetic-sensitive biosensor on a biosensor disk to identify and classify an analyte in a sample. The biosensor of the biosensor disk is exposed to a sample containing analytes and a desired analyte adheres to the biosensor. The biosensor disk is rotated during operation and an electromagnetic emitter directs an electromagnetic radiation beam at the biosensor disk. The returned electromagnetic radiation from the biosensor disk is received by a sensor that converts the returned electromagnetic radiation into a signal to indicate the presence of the desired analyte in the sample.

Abstract: A beam guiding magnet includes a first and second coil system, which are designed such that the dipole moments of the first and second coil systems point in opposite directions. Since the dipole moments of the first and second coil systems point in opposite directions, the two dipole moments at least partially compensate for one another. The resultant dipole moment of the beam guiding magnet may be reduced. The beam guiding magnet may take into account that the remote field of a beam guiding magnet can be lowered by a reduction in the dipole moment of the beam guiding magnet. The dipole moment decreases with the cube of the distance from the beam guiding magnet. A quadruple moment, which on attenuation of the dipole moment represents the next strongest field component, decreases with the fifth power of that distance.

Abstract: An ion source element, an ion implanter having the ion source element and a method of modifying the ion source element are provided. In the ion source element, a chamber may have a cavity divided into a plurality of inner sections configured substantially perpendicularly to an axis defined through centers of ends of the cavity. The larger inner sections may be at, or near, a center of the cavity and become smaller toward the ends of the cavity. A filament may be disposed at one end of the chamber to emit thermal electrons. A repeller may extend into the chamber through the other end of the chamber. An inlet may be formed in a first cavity wall to introduce gas having a dopant species into the chamber. A beam slit may be formed in a second cavity wall, opposite the inlet, of the chamber to extract an ionized species of the gas from the chamber.

Abstract: Techniques for providing a multimode ion source are disclosed. In one particular exemplary embodiment, the techniques may be realized as an apparatus for ion implantation comprising an ion source that operates in multiple modes such that a first mode is an arc-discharge mode and a second mode is an RF mode.

Abstract: The invention relates to the handling of radioactive material. For instance, a radiation shield of the invention may include a body having a cavity therein for receiving radioactive material. An opening to the cavity may be defined in the body. A base may be releasably attachable to the body (generally toward the opening) to at least partially enclose the radioactive material in the cavity. In the case that the radiation shield includes a plurality of interchangeable bases, one of the bases may have at least one of a shorter length and a lighter weight than another of the bases. The base(s) may be designed to enclose more than one size and/or shape of container in the cavity. The base(s) may include a hand grip to facilitate manual gripping of the radiation shield. The base(s) may include a guard to reduce exposure to radiation from manual handling of the radiation shield.

Abstract: The invention provides sensors comprising one or more compounds of formulae (I) and (II): [DENDRON1]p-CORE-[[X]r-[DENDRON]m]n??(I) [DENDRON1]p-[X]r-[DENDRON]q??(II) wherein CORE, X, DENDRON, DENDRON1, m, n, p, q and r are as defined herein. The optical (e.g. luminescent) and electronic properties of the compounds are capable of being altered by exposure to a number of different substances. The invention also provides the use of the compounds disclosed above in the sensing of substances, in particular explosives.

Abstract: A fluorescence detection system comprises a light source (22), dichroic mirror (32), excitation port (16), emission port (14), and a detector. The light source (22) is, for example, a pulsed ultraviolet LED, with a light emission that decays sufficiently rapidly to permit gated detection of fluorescence from a fluorescently-labelled species, at a time when it is distinguishable from autofluorescence. The detector is, for example, an electron multiplying CCD, with high gain on-chip amplification. A circuit (26) may be used to control a repeating cycle of (i) generation of a 20-200 microsecond UV. pulse; (ii) a gate delay of 1-5 microseconds; and (iii) a 10-800 microsecond detection period. This allows time-resolved-fluorescence-microscopy with real time or near real time operation.

Abstract: A system, method and program product for improving uniformity and angle control wafers being implanted. A system is provided that includes an end station for positioning a wafer being implanted, comprising: a platen for holding the wafer, wherein the platen is rotatable to provide wafer rotation; a housing for holding the platen, wherein the housing is rotatable about a first orthogonal axis to provide a first type of wafer tilt; a structure for supporting the housing, wherein the structure is rotatable about a second orthogonal axis to provide a second type of wafer tilt; and a control system which, during an implant process of the wafer, causes wafer rotation, the first type of wafer tilt, and the second type of wafer tilt.

Abstract: A treatment station for particle bombardment of a patient is provided. The treatment station includes an apparatus for adaptation of at least one particle beam parameter of a particle beam of a particle therapy installation. The treatment station operates in at least two operating modes, with the treatment station being operable in a first operating mode with a first particle type and in a second operating mode with a second particle type. The apparatus has at least one first beamforming element, which is held by a holding unit. The beamforming element is designed for adaptation of the particle beam parameter. The holding unit positions of the first beamforming element as a function of the operating mode, such that the first beamforming element can be arranged in the particle beam in the first operating mode, and cannot be arranged in the particle beam in the second operating mode.

Abstract: This invention relates to a radiator 10 and to a method of making a radiator. In particular, this invention relates to a radiator 10 having thin-film 5 coatings that serve to increase the thermal emissivity of the entire structure. A radiator 10 is provided comprising a substrate 12, an amorphous carbon layer 16 and the metallic carbide forming layer 14 interposed between the substrate 12 and amorphous carbon layer 16. In addition, a method of making a radiator is provided comprising the steps of forming the metallic carbide-forming layer on a substrate and forming an amorphous carbon layer on the metallic carbide-forming layer.

Abstract: A radiation source apparatus for irradiating the inner walls of elongated cavities, especially for hardening of artificial resin laminates that can be radiation hardened by ultraviolet or infrared radiation, has a base body with at least one light source and multiple wheels by which the apparatus is guided inside the cavities. The multiple wheels are movably mounted on arms in a direction radial to the base body. At least one gas pressure spring is assigned to each arm, which pushes the arm from a radially proximal first position into a radially distal second position.

Abstract: A gas flow management system may comprise a first and second enclosing walls at least partially surrounding first and second respective spaces; a system generating plasma in the first space, the plasma emitting extreme ultraviolet light; an elongated body restricting flow from the first space to the second space, the body at least partially surrounding a passageway and having a first open end allowing EUV light to enter the passageway from the first space and a second open end allowing EUV light to exit the passageway into the second space, the body shaped to establish a location having a reduced cross-sectional area relative to the first and second ends; and a flow of gas exiting an aperture, the aperture positioned to introduce gas into the passageway at a position between the first end of the body and the location having a reduced cross-sectional area.

Abstract: A cleaning arrangement is configured to clean an EUV optic of an EUV lithographic apparatus. The partial radical pressure ranges between 0.1-10 Pa. The cleaning arrangement can be configured inside a cleaning cocoon of the lithographic apparatus for offline cleaning. It can also be configured at particular positions inside the apparatus to clean nearby optics during production. In the pressure range of 0.1-10 Pa the penetration of atomic hydrogen into the optical devices is high, while the recombination to molecular hydrogen and hydrogen consumption is limited.

Abstract: Spherical storage containers for radioactive materials, such as plutonium oxides and salts, are comprised of coupled hemispheres joined by helical threads or bayonet connections. The spherical storage containers are supported in a barrel by a vertical strut and laterally extending straps or are supported in cylindrically configured frames.

Abstract: A phase change memory device includes a current restrictive element interposed between an electrically conductive element and a phase change material. The current restrictive element includes a plurality of overlapping film patterns, each of which having a respective first portion proximal to the conductive element and a second portion proximal to the phase change material. The second portions are configured and dimensioned to have higher resistance than the first portions.

Abstract: An integrated circuit includes a first electrode and a first resistivity changing material coupled to the first electrode. The first resistivity changing material has a planarized surface. The integrated circuit includes a second resistivity changing material contacting the planarized surface of the first resistivity changing material and a second electrode coupled to the second resistivity changing material. A cross-sectional width of the first resistivity changing material is less than a cross-sectional width of the second resistivity changing material.

Abstract: A phase change memory element and method of forming the same. The memory element includes a substrate supporting a first electrode. An insulating material element is positioned over the first electrode, and a phase change material layer is formed over the first electrode and surrounding the insulating material element such that the phase change material layer has a lower surface that is in electrical communication with the first electrode. The memory element also has a second electrode in electrical communication with an upper surface of the phase change material layer.

Abstract: A method of making a memory device includes forming a first conductive electrode, forming an insulating structure over the first conductive electrode, forming a resistivity switching element on a sidewall of the insulating structure, forming a second conductive electrode over the resistivity switching element, and forming a steering element in series with the resistivity switching element between the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode, wherein a height of the resistivity switching element in a first direction from the first conductive electrode to the second conductive electrode is greater than a thickness of the resistivity switching element in second direction perpendicular to the first direction.