Abstract: A spool (20) made of thick metal sheet for a fine metal wire comprises a core (22), and two flanges (24), coupled to the core (12). The core (22) comprises two concentric drums, an inner drum (26) with inner diameter d, and an outer drum (28) with outer diameter D. The spool changes the load distribution of side pressure on the flanges and further improves the structural rigidity of the spool to against deformation.

Abstract: Embodiments of a missile, an airframe and a structure comprising piezoelectric fibers and a method for active structural response control are generally described herein. In some embodiments, a housing structure includes a composite material containing a plurality of piezoelectric fibers adapted to generate an electrical signal in response to a deformation in the structure and to deform the structure in response to an electrical signal applied thereto. A control circuit receives the sensed signal from the fibers and generates an excitation signal that is applied to the fibers to increase the stiffness or compliance of the fibers at predetermined frequencies. In an illustrative embodiment, the control signal is adapted to provide low frequency stiffness and strength performance while attenuating high frequency vibrations to protect electronics housed within the structure.

Abstract: A shield for use with a detector includes a first opening adjacent the detector, a second opening opposite the first opening along an optical axis intersecting the detector, and a field of view defined by the detector and the second opening. A shield body includes alternating curved profile regions and linear profile regions coaxially aligned along the optical axis. The curved profile regions have respective curved interior surfaces concave facing toward the second opening, and the linear profile regions have respective interior surfaces facing toward the first opening. In this way, specular reflections associated with stray light may be greatly reduced.

Abstract: A guidance system may include an optical system to focus incident radiation onto a detector configured to generate at least one guidance signal in response to the focused incident radiation. The optical system may include a first lens having a first side and a second side, the first side consisting of a Fresnel lens formed on a generally convex surface and the second side being generally planar.

Abstract: A slot cover actuation assembly controls access through a slot on a projectile. The slot cover actuation assembly includes a slot cover, a fastener (e.g., a screw), and an actuator (e.g., a squib device). The fastener is arranged to position the slot cover at an installation position on the projectile. The slot cover covers the slot on the projectile when the slot cover resides at the installation position. The actuator is arranged to release the slot cover from the installation position on the projectile. The slot cover uncovers the slot on the projectile when the actuator releases the slot cover from the installation position on the projectile, thus allowing a control surface member (e.g., a fin) to deploy.

Abstract: An aircraft comprising a main propeller 1 at the top of the aircraft which consists of an assembly of blades 2, 3, a rotor 4. The propeller is rotated by a main power plant 5. The main power plant is connected to the main body 6 of the aircraft by a tilt enabling joint 7. The tilt enabling joint allows tilting of the main power plant 5 and propeller relative to the main body 6 of the aircraft to occur in a controlled manner during flight. To counter the rotational force exerted on the main body 6 of the aircraft by the rotation of the blades 2, 3, an additional power plant is attached to aircraft which comprises an additional propeller which is rotated by an additional engine assembly 16. The additional propeller is a rotor and blade assembly consisting of blades 17 and 18, and a rotor 19. Rotation of the additional propeller pushes air in a primarily horizontal direction by way of the pitch of the blades 17 and 18.

Abstract: A rotorcraft with two counter-rotating rotors and method for inertially controlling the rotorcraft. The rotorcraft includes a hinged frame configured such that at least one inter-rotor angle of the two counter-rotating rotors is controlled by at least one actuated hinge of the hinged frame and the rotational axes of the two counter-rotating rotors are substantially collinear when the actuated hinge is in a fully open position. The sum of the magnitudes of torque applied to the two counter-rotating rotors is varied to control the lift of the rotorcraft. The difference of the magnitudes of torque applied to the two counter-rotating rotors is varied to control the yaw of the rotorcraft. The at least one inter-rotor angle is varied using the at least one actuated hinge to control the pitch and/or roll of the rotorcraft.

Abstract: A rotor system for a rotorcraft includes a rotor having a plurality of pitch control links and a pair of rotor blades mechanically coupled with each of the plurality of pitch control links. A rotorcraft includes a power train, a mast extending from the power train, a rotor having a plurality of pitch control links, the rotor mechanically coupled with the mast, and a pair of rotor blades mechanically coupled with each of the plurality of pitch control links.

Abstract: A magnetic de-rotation system includes an inner ring which supports an eddy current ring and at least one inner ring magnet and an outer ring which supports at least one outer ring magnet, attraction between the at least one inner ring magnet and the at least one outer ring magnet produces a stable rotational position for a fairing.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for a continuous replenishing of the lift gas and maintaining the proper pressure and lift of a tethered medium altitude aerostat utilizing a novel feed tube running the entire length of the tether. A first end of the feed tube is connected to the aerostat while a second end is connected through a novel slip ring means to a pressure controlled helium ballast chamber and scrubber on the ground to maintain pressure and lift by a reversible compressing pump. A plurality of pressure and temperature sensors and tension gauges strategically placed inside and around the airship continuously monitor the temperature and pressure changes in the aerostat. A data retrieval and communication unit mounted on the aerostat collects measurement data from the pressure, temperature and tension sensors which is relayed to the ground station and the data is used to regulate lifting gas pressure inside the aerostat.

Abstract: A wing pivot mechanism that is configured to pivot two wings about a single pivot axis of a vehicle, such as an aircraft. The wing pivot mechanism includes a hub, a set of gears positioned at least partially within an interior region of the hub, and two wings that are rotatably connected to the hub. Each wings includes a gear surface extending therefrom. Each gear of the hub assembly engages a gear of a respective wing such that rotation of the gears of the hub assembly causes rotation of the gears of the wings and pivoting of the wings about the single pivot axis in opposite rotational directions between a stowed position and a deployed position. A releasable locking mechanism is provided for locking the wings in a fixed rotational position in both the deployed position and the stowed position.

Abstract: Drag management structure. The structure includes a tube having an entrance and exit along a longitudinal axis. At least one row of stationary swirl generating vanes is provided at the entrance, the swirl vanes disposed at an angle with respect to the longitudinal axis selected to produce a steady streamwise vortex in a fluid at the tube exit. A fan rotor may be disposed upstream of the stationary vanes.

Abstract: An inverting wing propulsion system is disclosed. A vehicle body having a left side and a right side is provided with a wing drive assembly. At least two wings are operatively associated with the wing drive. At least one wing extends from each of the right side and the left side of the body. The wings are adapted to be driven by the wing drive assembly to engage in a reciprocating motion between a raised orientation and a lowered orientation. The reciprocating motion is characterized by a downward arcuate motion, where said wings fully extend from the body so as to generate an upward thrust, and by an upward motion, where the wings are retracted so as to produce reduced, minimized or negligible downward thrust.

Abstract: An integrated load sensing system includes a housing including a coupling pin portion thereof. A bridge circuit includes a set of strain gauges bonded to the coupling pin portion. A bridge circuit excitation, error correction, and amplification (BCEECA) subsystem is operatively connected to the bridge circuit for receiving indications of shear load from the strain gauges, correcting signal error, and amplifying the indications of shear load. The BCEECA subsystem provides amplified output signals. A power conditioning module is operatively connected to the BCEECA subsystem for receiving power from an external power supply and conditioning power to an appropriate state for driving the bridge circuit as well as an appropriate state for error correction and amplification circuitry within the BCEECA subsystem. A logic module compares the amplified output signals to a predetermined signal threshold and provides latching of enunciation in accordance with a selected delay after the threshold is surpassed.

Abstract: A method for producing an aircraft with reduced environmental impact and the aircraft thus obtained. According to the invention, the aircraft comprises at least one turboprop (9) with two contrarotating propellers (11, 12) placed on the rear portion of the back of the fuselage (2) so that the interaction noise of the propellers is masked, in the forward direction, by the wings (3) and, in the rearward direction, by the horizontal stabilizer (4).

Abstract: A hydraulic control system for an aircraft landing gear system comprises a hydraulic pressure source connected to a hydraulic fluid pressure transmission line, and at least one hydraulic actuator for extending and/or retracting a landing gear, wherein first and second valves are provided in series along the hydraulic fluid pressure transmission line, the first and second valves being adjustable to control the hydraulic pressure supplied to the at least one hydraulic actuator. The control system also controls uplock actuators.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are laminates that include a layer containing a metal-coated fabric. The laminate may also include a layer or layers of an organic polymeric matrix composite. In accordance with certain embodiments, the matrix composite includes a thermosetting or thermoplastic resin matrix with parallel-oriented reinforcing fibers embedded therein, interposed between the metal-coated fabric layers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fixing rail for attaching loading devices, particularly rollers, locking bars or power drive units to the loading deck of an aircraft. This fixing rail comprises a first and a second rail, each rail having a cheek with first attachment devices, to which the loading devices can be fixed, and first floor sections, to which the cheek is attached by a lower edge, each first floor section having second attachment devices, by means of which the floor section can be attached to the loading deck. In this arrangement, the cheeks separated from each other are mountable on the loading devices, so that they are connected to each other by means of the loading devices and the loading deck, following mounting and attaching to the loading deck. In this way, a considerable weight saving is achieved along with increased variability of use of the fixing rail.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cabin system for an aircraft fuselage, having one or more lining components for interior lining, and optionally one or more cabin equipment components, wherein the lining component can be installed either separately or in combination with a further lining component and/or a cabin equipment component under tension in the aircraft fuselage such that a cabin that is under tension in the circumferential direction and attaches to the aircraft fuselage is defined. In this manner a passenger cabin configured as a closed safety cell is created in a fuselage, which is of particular advantage in an aircraft fuselage made of a fiber composite material because no splinters or the like can penetrate the self-supporting passenger cabin in case of damage to the same.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device comprising a base plate and a support for adjusting the height of an assembly, in particular of a galley module in an aircraft, without using tools. According to the invention, two opposing wedge bodies are arranged such that they can be displaced horizontally between the base plate and the support, the oppositely directed manual displacement of the two wedge bodies, when the lock levers have been raised, causes in the “adjusting position” a raising or lowering of the support for the height adjustment. The assembly is connected to the support, for example by a conventional screw connection through the attachment hole in the support. The device according to the invention allows a user to perform a simple and rapid height adjustment of an assembly arranged thereon, thereby greatly reducing the assembly effort required for prefabricated assemblies or modules in aircraft.

Abstract: An airfoil wing system for releasing air from an airfoil wing for an inflatable airfoil is provided. The airfoil wing is secured to the inflatable airfoil. The airfoil wing system comprises at least two wing panels connected together and an opening formed between the two wing panels wherein the opening automatically moves from a closed position to an open position to release air from beneath the airfoil wing thereby allowing takedown of the inflatable airfoil.

Abstract: The invention relates to fittings (41, 71) for fixing the vertical tail stabilizer of an aircraft in an area of its rear fuselage integrally manufactured with a composite material comprising: a) a first piece (43, 73) comprising lugs (45, 45?; 75, 75?) for fixing the vertical tail stabilizer and vertical walls (47, 47?; 77, 77?) for fixing the fitting (41, 71) to the frames (7); b) at least one pair of additional pieces (49, 49?; 79, 79?) comprising horizontal walls (51, 51?; 81, 81?) for fixing the fitting (41, 71) to the skin (5). The fitting (71) for fixing with an inclined load also comprises a second pair of pieces (90, 90?) having an angular shape comprising vertical walls (93, 93?) for the fixing with the lugs (75, 75?). The invention also relates to processes for assembling these fittings (41, 71).

Abstract: An aircraft structure including stiffened panels assembled at the junction, without continuity of the stiffeners. Multiple panels are used to form the fuselage, tail units and wings of an aircraft. These panels include stiffeners which are interrupted at each panel junction. However, the stresses experienced by the stiffeners must be transmitted despite these interruptions. Known solutions require the use of at least one additional part per stiffener and per interruption. In order to solve this problem, the disclosed embodiments include a doubler necessitating at most one additional part per panel junction area for all of the interrupted stiffeners in this area.

Abstract: A fuselage structure for an aircraft fuselage in composite material and an aircraft including such a fuselage structure. The fuselage structure provides savings in mass while allowing grounding of electric systems, and with which substantial mechanical stiffness characteristics may be guaranteed. In the fuselage structure attachment modules provide an assembling function as well as an electric function.

Abstract: A fibre-reinforced composite structure includes a cut edge; an elastomeric cap covering the cut edge; and an adhesive sealant bonding the elastomeric cap to the cut edge. The fibre-reinforced composite structure is joined to a component and the elastomeric cap includes a generally Z or L-shaped cap with a web bonded to the cut edge of the fibre-reinforced structure and a flange bonded to the component and extending away from the fibre-reinforced structure.

Abstract: A bubble trap is especially suitable for separating gas bubbles from liquid fuel supplied from a fuel tank in a spacecraft. The bubble trap includes a rotationally symmetrical collecting container forming a container wall, plural liquid guide vanes extending radially and longitudinally along the inside of the container wall, a perforated conical gas separator that tapers conically toward an outlet of the collecting container, and screens arranged between the gas separator and the outlet.

Abstract: A mounting system for temporarily holding a device proximate to a panel while an individual works on the device, before the device is mounted to the panel, is provided. The mounting system can include a generally L-shaped bracket that has a catch tab extending from a distal end of the bracket. A panel is also included, the panel having a key hole with a catch slot. The catch tab can be passed through the key hole and engage the catch slot, thereby providing a temporary mount for a device attached to the generally L-shaped bracket.

Abstract: A pipe hanger may include a suspending portion with a body and two flanges that extend outwardly from the body and are positional onto projections of a support structure to suspend the pipe hanger from the support structure without the use of fasteners.

Abstract: A conduit hanger may include a retaining portion with two walls and a connecting member that is adjustable between: (1) a first condition where an object is enclosed between the two walls; and, (2) a second condition where the object is not enclosed.

Abstract: The cable caddie is an apparatus for organizing, storing and porting cables and is made from a durable flexible fiber strap piece between 3 and 6 feet long forming the base layer, a terminal or handle coupled to at least one end of the strap, and at least one Velcro strip piece with one end of the strip piece coupled on to the flexible strap base layer and the distal end having the mating Velcro fiber forming a loop when mated when the distal end is folded upon the coupled end. Wrapped or wound cable are held in the Velcro strip loop formed when the strip is folded over the wrapped cable loops and onto the mating Velcro side securing the cable loop to the base layer. Several such Velcro strips for easy looping about and securing the cables to the base strap carrier, can provide organization and allow easy porting of many cables, as the base strap can be rolled up and carried by the handles attached.

Abstract: The present invention provides apparatus for efficiently providing a storage place for a Personal Bag proximate to the bag owner. Preferably the personal bag will remain suspended above a surface supporting the apparatus. In another aspect the apparatus may impede pilfering of the bag by limiting angles of personal bag removal.

Abstract: A clamp clip adapted to grip an item, such as a planar sheet. The clamp clip may have pincers adapted to open and close in a scissors like fashion. The clamp may be used with a tripod or a monopod, and in some embodiments a tripod with flexible legs utilizing ball and socket joint connectors which, when interconnected, form a flexible assembly. The ball and socket joint connectors may utilize an over-molded strip around the outside of the connector to facilitate in their use for gripping when wrapped around objects.

Abstract: The invention relates to a tripod head having an inclination apparatus (2) having universal joint (5) and having a holding apparatus (100), which can be secured on the universal joint, for holding a camera, a pair of binoculars, a spotting scope or such an optical instrument with a removable disk (101).

Abstract: The invention relates to a hand-held camera guiding aid for producing evenly moving pictures from close-to-ground or high angles for use in sports or other dynamic recording situations. The camera guiding aid substantially consists of a top (29), a supporting profile (2), holding profile (1) and screen (7), the top (29) being axially displaceable and rotatable in relation to the holding profile (1) and being decoupled from jerky movements that are passed into the holding grip (6) and the supporting grip (9), by means of a spring-damper suspension. As the display is positioned always in the field of vision of the cameraman irrespective of the camera angle and camera position, the recording of pictures can be easily controlled and the camera allows an ergonomic handling. The camera (4) can be swiveled by rotating the supporting profile about the holding profile (1) and tilted by rotating the sleeve (9).

Abstract: An in-car mounting structure for portable automotive instrument includes a positioning case installed in a predetermined space behind a dashboard of a car and a portable device holder. The positioning case is internally divided by a partition plate into a first and a second receiving space. A movable gate is pivotally turnably connected to an open end of the first receiving space, and the portable device holder is assembled to an outer face of the movable gate for holding a portable electronic device thereto. A power receptacle is provided in the first receiving space and connected to an in-car power supply, and includes a jack corresponding to a plug of the portable electronic device. With the in-car mounting structure for portable automotive instrument, the portable electronic device can be mounted in the car without blocking the driver's sight during driving or spoiling an esthetic interior appearance of the car.

Abstract: Methods and devices for adhering and securing a tether to a surface are provided. A suction device comprises a base having a top portion and a bottom cavity, a lever, and a flexible suction skirt. The lever has a bottom end, a cam element pivotally coupled to the lever's bottom end and traversing the base's top portion, and at least one cleat along a side of the lever for capturing a tether. The skirt is disposed within the base's bottom cavity and is coupled to the lever's cam element. Closing the lever from a vertical to a horizontal orientation relative to the base causes the cam element to pull the flexible suction skirt to deform the flexible suction skirt, applying suction on the surface and simultaneously moving the cleat horizontally with respect to the base to cinch the captured tether.

Abstract: The present invention provides a container lid supporter that is independently mounted on and removed from containers or pots and absolves the cook or user from manually holding the lid. The supporter comprises an arm segment, a concave support segment located between the ends of the upper edges of the arm segment and a leg segment located at the lower ends of the lower edges of the arm segment. The container lid supporter may further comprise connection means, or fastening means or both that connect and fasten the leg segment of the supporter, and bumpers located on the arm or leg segments and above the connection or fastening means.

Abstract: A fastening clip for attaching a component to a stud of a support part has a base part with an opening for accepting the stud. The opening has an axis and has a fastening region and an unlocking region located next to one another perpendicular to the axis. Resilient retaining means for holding the stud in place are arranged in the fastening region, which means are designed such that the stud can be introduced into the fastening region in the direction of the axis and the stud located in the fastening region can be displaced into the unlocking region by a relative movement of the stud and fastening clip perpendicular to the axis of the opening, wherein in the unlocking region the stud can be removed from the opening.

Abstract: The track assembly for a vehicle seat, comprising two parallel tracks, an electric motor, flexible connections connecting the electric motor to the track drive mechanisms and motor support members provided with guides in which the flexible connections are held.

Abstract: A mirror base is proposed that is extruded at least partially out of plastic and which retains its rigidity via long steel bolts, which at the same time produce the fastening to the vehicle.

Abstract: The invention related to a device comprising at least three insulation modules distributed around vibration equipment. Each module comprises at least two rigid parts, at least one of said parts being an outer part fixed to the carrier structure and at least one of said parts being an inner part fixed to the equipment or the stand (3) thereof. At least one elastomer insulating plug connects an inner part and an outer part and at least one of said parts carries two longitudinal flexible abutments and two tangential flexible abutments which each have a free end facing another respectively outer or inner rigid part, said free end being at a distance from the inner part in an idle position. The invention can be applied to satellite equipment.

Abstract: A machine with a holder for mounting a motor to the device, which may be a printer, includes a support structure, a motor including a drive shaft with a drive shaft axis aligned with an opening in the support structure, and a holder including a base portion positioned adjacent to the motor, a first spring tab integrally formed with the base portion and operably contacting the motor to bias the motor toward the support structure, and a first latch arm integrally formed with the base portion and coupled with the support structure, the first latch arm resiliently deformed by the support structure in a direction away from the drive shaft axis.

Abstract: Drill stand (1) including a base plate (2), a carriage (3) arranged to be able to carry a drill motor and a drill column (4) which is pivotally mounted to a front part (5) of the base plate. The drill column is supported by a back support (7) located in a longitudinal direction rear of the drill column and is pivotally mounted to a back part (8) of the base plate, and a back side of the drill column facing the back support (7) is arranged as a track (10) having lateral wings (11, 11?), a right side wing (11) and a left side wing (11?). A clamping arrangement fastened to both of the back support and the track (10) enabling them to be fixed to each other in different positions along the track by clamping.

Abstract: A fan-fixing device for fixing a fan on an installation panel which has a plurality of holes includes a body, a driving part and an elastic assembly. The body has a fixing portion for fixing the fan, at least one track is formed on a side thereof, and at least one first combined part is disposed on an opposite side thereof, wherein the combined part penetrates at least one of the holes. The driving part slidably disposed on the track. The driving part further has at least one second combined part, which penetrates at least another one of the holes. The elastic assembly is arranged between the body and the driving part. As a result, the first combined part and the second combined part can be fixed in the holes via force pushing the driving part, and can be departed from the holes via releasing the force.

Abstract: The invention relates to a spot-generator (10) having: an entrance surface (12) for receiving an incident light beam (20) and an exit surface (14) for transmitting the light beam, the entrance surface defining an entrance side (16) and the exit surface defining an exit side (18), wherein the spot generator is designed to modulate the incident light beam to generate on the exit side a plurality of separate light spots. According to the invention, the plurality of light spots comprises a first light spot (22) generated in a first focal plane (24) and a second light spot (26) generated in a second focal plane (28), the first focal plane and the second focal plane being essentially perpendicular to the mean propagation direction of the exit light beam, and wherein the first light spot (22) differs from every other light spot generated on the exit side by the spot generator in the projection of its position on a plane essentially perpendicular to the mean propagation direction of the exit light beam.

Abstract: An optical beam shaper comprises a polarization-dependent phase adjustment member which applies a phase pattern of equal magnitude and opposite sign to two orthogonal polarization states. In a preferred embodiment the beamer shaper is a dif tractive element made of a birefringent material, such as a photo-polymerizable liquid crystal polymer frozen in a uniaxial alignment, said dif tractive element comprising a plurality of zones, each zone having a stepped thickness defining a plurality of steps. The beam shaper can be used to introduce astigmatism to a polarized light beam or to undo the astigmatism to a beam with an orthogonal polarization state. The beam shaper is advantageously used within a detection device, such as a fluorescence scanner.

Abstract: An improved CMOS pixel with a combination of analog and digital readouts to provide a large pixel dynamic range without compromising low-light performance using a comparator to test the value of an accumulated charge at a series of exponentially increasing exposure times. The test is used to stop the integration of photocurrent once the accumulated analog voltage has reached a predetermined threshold. A one-bit output value of the test is read out of the pixel (digitally) at each of the exponentially increasing exposure periods. At the end of the integration period, the analog value stored on the integration capacitor is read out using conventional CMOS active pixel readout circuits.

Abstract: A proximity-type imaging device includes an image sensor and an angle limiting filter. The image sensor performs photoelectric conversion for light transmitted from a subject using plural pixels, so as to capture the subject. The angle limiting filter includes a transparent glass substrate and a light shielding film which is formed with openings having one-to-one correspondence with the pixels and which is provided on the glass substrate. The angle limiting filter is disposed on the image sensor and limits an incidence angle of light incident to the image sensor to such an angle range that the light is incident from each opening to the corresponding pixel. The condition L ? T 1 ( n 1 2 - 1 ) 1 / 2 is satisfied, where n1 denotes a refractive index of the substrate, T1 denotes a thickness of the substrate, and L denotes a shortest distance between a contour of one opening and a contour of the pixel corresponding to an opening adjacent.

Abstract: A photo-electric conversion device comprises a pixel array in which a plurality of pixels are arrayed, each pixel including a photo-electric converter, a floating diffusion portion, a transfer unit which transfers charges generated in the photo-electric converter to the floating diffusion portion, and an output unit which outputs a signal corresponding to a potential of the floating diffusion portion, a signal line which is connected to the plurality of pixels and transmits a signal output from each pixel, a load transistor including a drain connected to the signal line, and a source connected to a first reference potential, and a capacitance including a first electrode connected to a gate of the load transistor, and a second electrode connected to a second reference potential, wherein the signal line is arranged not to overlap the first electrode when viewed from a direction perpendicular to a light-receiving surface of the photo-electric converter.

Abstract: A wavelength splitting element for splitting a multiplexed light beam in wavelength bands ?1, ?2 and ?3 into light beams in separate wavelength bands and emitting the split light beams from separate emission ports, includes: a first filter for splitting the multiplexed light beam in the wavelength bands ?1, ?2 and ?3 into a light beam in the wavelength band ?1 that the first filter passes in a first direction and into a light beam in the wavelength bands ?2 and ?3 that the first filter reflects; a second filter, which is provided in the direction of the light beam in the wavelength bands ?2 and ?3 that has been reflected by the first filter, for splitting the light beam in wavelength bands ?2 and ?3 that has been reflected by the first filter into a light beam in the wavelength band ?3 that the second filter passes in a second direction and into a light beam in the wavelength band ?2 that the second filter reflects; and a third filter, which is provided in the direction of the light beam that has been reflect