Abstract: A gantry stage orthogonality error measurement method and error compensation method for homing processing includes: decoding and storing an encoder value of a current position of the Gantry stage that structurally matches an orthogonality; monitoring at least one of (a) sensors for homing processing and (b) encoder index signals respectively set on a master axis and a slave axis of the Gantry stage while the Gantry stage is driven at low speed; and in the event that the index signal is detected, decoding a linear encoder value of at least one of (a) the master axis and (b) slave axis.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for maintaining pressure inside a closed chamber equal to the changing outside pressure, detecting leaks in the plumbing (i.e., air handling system) of a trace gas flux measurement system, and estimating the kinetic volume, e.g., of such a system.

Abstract: A gas sensor comprises a gas sensing element, a storage medium to store individual information prepared individually for the sensing element for use in control of the sensing element, and a circuit board supporting the storage medium mounted on the circuit board. A seal portion of a resin covers the circuit board liquid-tightly. An output base includes a mount surface facing to the circuit board. A terminal portion extending through the mount surface is connected with the circuit board and arranged to deliver the individual information through the circuit board. The output base further includes a support projection projecting from the mount surface and including a support surface supporting the circuit board.

Abstract: A ceramic heater including: a ceramic substrate having a heater element which generates heat when energized and an electrode pad disposed on a surface of the ceramic substrate, the electrode pad being electrically connected to the heater element, and a connection terminal electrically connected to the electrode pad through a braze part bonded to the electrode pad, the braze part being made of an alloy of copper and gold and the connection terminal being made of nickel or a nickel alloy, wherein a first region of the braze part within a distance of 15 ?m from a contact face between the braze part and the connection terminal has a gold content of more than 6 wt % and less than 10 wt %.

Abstract: A sensor arrangement includes an optical sensor, a non-optical sensor, a sensor holder, and main and flexible interconnect devices. The sensor arrangement can be fixed to a vehicle window by the sensor holder. The sensor holder is in the form of a sensor housing having a sensor housing cover and a second housing body attached to one another. The sensor housing cover and the sensor housing body each have corresponding bracket sections which form a bracket connected to the sensor housing. The main interconnect device is positioned within the sensor housing. The optical sensor is connected to the main interconnect device. The flexible interconnect device is connected to the main interconnect device and extends from the main interconnect device to the bracket connected to the sensor housing. The non-optical sensor is connected to the flexible interconnect device within the bracket and is held by the bracket.

Abstract: An apparatus is for detecting the presence of selected gaseous compounds indicative of a medical condition includes a probe having one or more sensor elements having a conductivity which is responsive to the presence of selected gaseous compounds, at least one sensor element containing a transition metal oxide selected from the group consisting of WO3, beta-MoO3 and UO2; and means for measuring the conductivity of each said sensor element.

Abstract: A biological agent detector detects the presence of any biological agents, such as anthrax or other biological warfare agents, in a sample of air. The biological agent detector includes a bio-concentrator that concentrates an aerosol and a pyrolyzer portion including two detecting devices. One detecting device operates in a sample collection mode and collects a sample of air when the other detecting device operates in a sample analysis mode and analyzes a sample of air. After a predetermined amount of time, the detecting devices switch functions, providing continuous sampling of air.

Abstract: A ground engaging vehicle including a frame, an engine connected to the frame, a controller, and a hydraulic system powered by the engine. The hydraulic system includes a plurality of actuators, a plurality of valves, and at least one sensor. The plurality of valves include a first valve associated with a corresponding one of the plurality of actuators. Each of the plurality of valves is operatively connected to the controller. The at least one sensor is adapted to send a signal to the controller indicating a hydraulic connectivity through the first valve. The controller is adapted to open the first valve allowing hydraulic fluid to pressurize a first actuator until the first actuator is driven to an end of its stroke. The controller is further adapted to close the valve and send an increasing current to the valve.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an electronic device includes an airtight container, a functioning unit, and an airtightness detection unit. The airtight container has a containment space capable of being sealed airtightly. The functioning unit is stored in the containment space. The functioning unit is capable of executing a prescribed function. The airtightness detection unit is stored in the containment space. The airtightness detection unit is capable of detecting an airtightness of the containment space.

Abstract: Method for locating pressure losses in vacuum bags used in the manufacturing of composite material parts, according to which the vacuum bag with a part in its interior coated by airweave at a pressure lower than atmospheric pressure, is exposed to contact with a gas dispersion at atmospheric pressure of solid suspended tracing particles, preferably tar, which in the event of there being pressure losses in the vacuum bag, are deposited in the airweave areas close to them. The contact between the vacuum bag and the gas dispersion is performed preferably through an applier of said gas dispersion over the vacuum bag through an application device, either in open surroundings or in closed surroundings such as an autoclave.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for testing a viscosified fluid containing particulate indicate when the particulate is in suspension within the fluid and when it is not. The apparatus and method stir the fluid and particulate mixture for a time during which the viscosity of the fluid changes such that during a first period of the stirring time substantially all the particulate remains suspended in the fluid and during a second period of the stirring time substantially all the particulate settles out of suspension in the fluid. A signal is generated during the first and second periods such that the signal has a characteristic that changes from the first period to the second period to indicate the change in particle carrying ability of the fluid. Other characteristics, including crosslinking time, can also be determined. A test chamber includes projections extending from the inner surface of a cup receiving the fluid and from an axial support extending into the fluid in the cup.

Abstract: Described herein are devices and methods for sensing pulsed forces. Some of the described devices and methods are also useful for measuring infrared absorbances and compiling spectral and chemical maps of surfaces. Also described are microcantilever having reduced harmonic frequencies when operating in contact mode. Some of the described microcantilevers comprise an internal resonator configured to vibrate substantially independent of friction between the microcantilever tip and a surface when the microcantilever operates in contact mode. A number of the described devices and methods are useful for monitoring pulsed forces with enhanced sensitivity.

Abstract: In a borehole logging tool, the flow of conductive fluid into or out of a wellbore at the wellbore wall is detected and measured with a sensor loop proximate the borehole inner wall. The sensor loop includes a series of contiguous sensors that act as electromagnetic flowmeters and provide fluid measurements covering the entire circumference of the sensor loop. The sensor loop includes an elastic element that forces the sensor loop outward to maintain pressure along the sensor loop circumference against the interior borehole wall. The sensor loop is designed to lie at a non-perpendicular angle to the wellbore axis, and mechanical arms press the top and bottom of the loop against the borehole inner wall.

Abstract: A sensor apparatus includes a first elongated housing to at least partially enclose a sensor device and a second elongated housing coupled longitudinally to the first elongated housing. The second elongated housing includes at least one radial port extending from an inner surface to an outer surface of the second elongated housing to allow a first material received through an opening of the second elongated housing to flow through the second elongated housing and out the radial port in the vicinity of the sensor apparatus.

Abstract: A technique facilitates the measurements of forces, such as forces that result from gravity and acceleration. The system and methodology utilize a plurality of electrodes that cooperate with a movable electrode. By applying appropriate signals to the electrodes, the movable electrode can be levitated in a manner that creates a sensor system able to accurately detect forces resulting from gravity, acceleration and similar causes.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for estimating a roll angle of a projectile may include a measurement unit outputting roll rate, yaw rate, and pitch rate signals indicative of rotation rates about substantially orthogonal roll, yaw, and pitch axes, the roll axis substantially aligned with a longitudinal axis of the projectile. A controller may sample the roll rate, yaw rate, and pitch rate signals to obtain time sequential roll rate, yaw rate, and pitch rate samples; calculate time sequential cumulative roll estimates by summing the roll rate samples; calculate time sequential gravity vector estimates from the corresponding yaw rate and pitch rate samples; de-roll each gravity vector estimate based on the corresponding cumulative roll estimate; filter the de-rolled gravity vector estimates to determine a filtered initial roll estimate; and add the filtered initial roll estimate to the current cumulative roll estimate to provide a current roll angle estimate.

Abstract: A meteorological system includes a precipitation gauge and a wind shield subsystem about the precipitation gauge. The wind shield subsystem includes an elevated support member about the precipitation gauge, a plurality of wind deflectors pivotably supported on the support member, and a pivoting attachment between each deflector and the support member. The pivoting attachment is configured to limit the travel of the deflector.

Abstract: According to one embodiment of the present invention, an electrochemical sensor (10) for detecting the concentration of analyte in a fluid test sample is disclosed. The sensor (10) includes a counter electrode having a high-resistance portion for use in detecting whether a predetermined amount of sample has been received by the test sensor.

Abstract: A measuring device capable of enhancing accuracy of measurements for beverage preparations is disclosed. The measuring device includes a container having an opening. The opening is configured to allow a stream of liquid substance such as milk to enter. The container has a bottom and a side wall, wherein the side wall elevates from the bottom to the opening. The container is capable of retaining the stream of liquid substance. The side wall further includes markers, wherein each marker indicates a measurement of an Ingredient in accordance with the size of the beverage.

Abstract: An angular velocity sensor including a drive extension mode. In one aspect, an angular rate sensor includes a base and at least three masses disposed substantially in a plane parallel to the base, the masses having a center of mass. At least one actuator drives the masses in an extension mode, such that in the extension mode the masses move in the plane simultaneously away or simultaneously towards the center of mass. At least one transducer senses at least one Coriolis force resulting from motion of the masses and angular velocity about at least one input axis of the sensor. Additional embodiments can include a linkage that constrains the masses to move in the extension mode.

Abstract: A detector that detects a detection signal corresponding to a driving vibration, which excites a vibrator in an oscillation loop, and a physical quantity to be measured, includes: an amplifying circuit that amplifies a signal corresponding to the driving vibration and the physical quantity; a synchronous detection circuit that detects the amplified signal of the amplifying circuit in synchronization with an oscillation signal in the oscillation loop; an impedance conversion circuit that converts an output impedance of the synchronous detection circuit; a first low pass filter to which an output signal of the impedance conversion circuit is supplied and which outputs a first detection signal; and a second low pass filter to which the output signal of the impedance conversion circuit is supplied and which outputs a second detection signal.

Abstract: [Problem] A crystal oscillator, and a measurement method using same are provided with which the density of a solution can be measured alone, or both the density and the viscosity of a solution can be measured at the same time using a single detector provided for the crystal oscillator. [Means for Solution] A material to be measured is contacted to the crystal oscillator, and the crystal oscillator that includes electrodes formed on both surfaces of a piezoelectric plate, and an uneven-surface formed either on one of the electrodes disposed on the side in contact with the material to be measured, or on a detector formed on the electrode is oscillated. An amount of change in frequency (f2) that corresponds to the high-frequency side of two frequencies that represent a half value of a conductance maximum value of the crystal oscillator is measured to measure a density of the material.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting contact between an underground electric wire conduit and an underground utility pipeline in which a detectable signal is applied to an electric line wire disposed within the underground electric wire conduit and the underground utility pipeline is monitored for a presence of the detectable signal. When there is a contact between the underground electric wire conduit and the underground utility pipeline, the signal applied to the electric line wire is detected by a suitable signal detector disposed on the surface of the utility pipeline and/or within the utility pipeline.

Abstract: A method for determining an ultrasonic detecting cycle is provided. Firstly, an initial detecting cycle T is set. Then, a first sensing wave is generated. Then, a first time-of-flight value is calculated corresponding to the first sensing wave. After the first sensing wave has been generated for the initial detecting cycle T, a second sensing wave is generated. Then, a second time-of-flight value is calculated corresponding to the second sensing wave. Afterwards, the second time-of-flight value is compared with the first time-of-flight value. If a difference between the second time-of-flight value and the first time-of-flight value is smaller than a threshold value, the initial detecting cycle T is determined as the ultrasonic detecting cycle.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for the non-destructive detection of defects in the interior of semiconductor material (2) are disclosed. The semiconductor material (2) has a length (L), a cross-sectional area (Q), and a side surface (5) aligned with the length (L). An ultrasonic apparatus (10) is assigned to the semiconductor material (2). Furthermore a set-up (9) for generating a relative motion between the ultrasonic apparatus (10) and along the length (L) of the side surface (5) of the semiconductor material (2) is provided.

Abstract: A wireless ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus is composed of a first ultrasonic probe, a second ultrasonic probe, and an ultrasonic observation device each having wireless communication function. The first ultrasonic probe is used for ultrasonic diagnosis. The second ultrasonic probe, not being used for the ultrasonic diagnosis, is disposed in an area in which coverage of the first ultrasonic probe and coverage of the ultrasonic observation device overlap with each other. The second ultrasonic probe relays radio detection signals output from the first ultrasonic probe to the ultrasonic observation device.

Abstract: A semiconductor filter is provided to operate in conjunction with a differential pressure transducer. The filter receives a high and very low frequency static pressure attendant with a high frequency low dynamic pressure at one end, the filter operates to filter said high frequency dynamic pressure to provide only the static pressure at the other filter end. A differential transducer receives both dynamic and static pressure at one input port and receives said filtered static pressure at the other port where said transducer provides an output solely indicative of dynamic pressure. The filter in one embodiment has a series of etched channels directed from an input end to an output end. The channels are etched pores of extremely small diameter and operate to attenuate or filter the dynamic pressure.

Abstract: A mask defect test apparatus, including a tension jig unit having a supporter on which a metal mask to be tested is located, a clamp part disposed at both sides of the supporter to fix opposite edges of the metal mask, and a tension part to apply a tension force to the metal mask fixed by the clamp part; and a test unit to test the metal mask fixed by the tension jig unit. A vertical distance between the metal mask located on the supporter and the test unit is less than or equal to a vertical distance between the tension jig unit and the test unit.

Abstract: A fluid flow device having a vortex generator in one or more channels, each channel having a converging/diverging section to scale the flow velocity to a desirable range of Reynolds number and vortex shedding frequency. Said flow device may be used as a flow meter by measuring the vortex shedding/passing frequency from each vortex generator. Further improvement is had by selecting the highest usable frequency, with its corresponding scaling factor, as the most-precise and fastest-response measurement output of the flow-measuring device. Still further improvement is gotten by cross-checking all usable frequencies against each other to detect failure of one or more vortex shedding/passing sensors.

Abstract: A Pitot tube design and methodology are presented for use with incompressible fluids for a full range of viscosity and including the effect of turbulence on the flow characteristics and device response. Current practice assumes an inviscid fluid or a fluid having an unrealistically high viscosity (Poiseuille fluid) in the design and analysis of devices using Pitot tubes. A new Two-Fluid Theory, supported by experimental data, is used for the design analysis.

Abstract: A system and method for a flow cytometer system including a sheath pump that pumps sheath fluid from a sheath container into an interrogation zone, a waste pump that pumps waste fluid from the interrogation zone into a waste container, wherein the sheath pump and waste pump cooperatively and simultaneously draw sample fluid from a sample container into the interrogation zone, a controller that adjusts the flow rate of the sample fluid from the sample container into the interrogation zone, and a sensor system that coordinates with the controller to measure the amount of sample fluid in the sample container when the controller substantially pauses the sample fluid flow from the sample container into the interrogation zone. The system may further include a processor that monitors a measured volume of sample fluid introduced into the flow cytometer and an expected sample volume.

Abstract: A method for determining sperm quality is provided. At least one first microfluidic region and at least one second microfluidic region are provided, which meet at a junction. The second microfluidic region includes a shrunk portion with a width sized to substantially allow only one sperm to pass therethrough. A detector is disposed at the shrunk portion. First and second flow fields are formed in the first and second microfluidic regions, respectively. The first and second flow fields have different directions at the junction. A semen sample is loaded at a semen sample loading end. At least one sperm moves in the first microfluidic region against the direction of the first flow field and at least one sperm moves in the second microfluidic region along the direction of the second flow field. The detector generates a signal upon one sperm in the semen sample passing through the shrunk portion.

Abstract: This application is directed to a probe used for measuring groundwater characteristics such as temperature and conductivity, and for collecting a groundwater sample. The probe also has a shielding device that allows the probe to be driven into a hard underwater surface without damaging the probe. A deployment rig for accurately placing the probe into the underwater surface is also disclosed. The application is further directed to a method for placing a probe and measuring groundwater characteristics. An external screen membrane used with the probe allows accurate groundwater characteristic measurement by filtering particulate matter. The probe and external screen membrane allow for in situ measurement and monitoring.

Abstract: Highly efficient and rapid filtration-based concentration devices, systems and methods are disclosed with sample fluidic lines and a filter packaged in a disposable tip which concentrate biological particles that are suspended in liquid from a dilute feed suspension. A sample concentrate or retentate suspension is retained while eliminating the separated fluid in a separate flow stream. The concentrate is then dispensed from the disposable tip in a set volume of elution fluid. Suspended biological particles include such materials as proteins/toxins, viruses, DNA, and/or bacteria in the size range of approximately 0.001 micron to 20 microns diameter. Concentration of these particles is advantageous for detection of target particles in a dilute suspension, because concentrating them into a small volume makes them easier to detect. All conduits by which the disposable tip attaches to the instrument are combined into a single connection point on the upper end of the tip.

Abstract: A sampling apparatus for sampling a fluid enriched in a selected phase from a multiphase fluid mixture flowing into a main pipe, the multiphase fluid mixture containing at least the selected phase and one other phase, the apparatus comprising: —a sampling arrangement: for taking a fluid sample of the multiphase fluid mixture flowing into the main pipe, —a sample chamber having a variable volume for collecting the fluid sample of the multiphase fluid mixture and letting settle by gravity the fluid sample into the fluid enriched in the selected phase and at least another phase enriched fluid, and —a valve manifold coupling the sampling arrangement to the sample chamber for driving the fluid sample in the sample chamber and for driving the fluid enriched in the selected phase to a sample outlet and the other phase enriched fluid back to the main pipe.

Abstract: A method and a device for transferring a microscopic, insulated sample, particularly a membrane-supported micro-dissected specimen, from an object table to an analysis arrangement, with a suction apparatus comprising a nano-suction means with a suction tube and a terminal membrane and a vacuum/overpressure unit which can be coupled to the nano-suction means for sucking or blowing the sample onto or from the terminal membrane; and a carrier apparatus for carrying the nano-suction means, which can be moved by means of an associated positioning unit for positioning the nano-suction means exactly in a sample removal position for sucking the sample onto the terminal membrane and in a sample release position for blowing the sample from the terminal membrane. A micro-dissection system, comprising such a device and a method for the production of a nano-suction means that is used in such a device.

Abstract: A method for creating condensation in an accelerated weathering device, the method having the step of creating condensation in a weathering chamber of an accelerated weathering device by cooling a surface in the chamber to a temperature that is colder than the dew point of the air inside the chamber. An accelerated weathering device having a weathering chamber and at least one radiant cooling tube that is either touching or less than about 2.5 centimeters away from at least one surface in the weathering chamber so that by passing a fluid through the at least one radiant cooling tube, the temperature of the a least one surface can be decreased as a result of the radiant cooling from the radiant cooling tube.

Abstract: A method of making a large area conformable shape structure comprises drawing a plurality of tubes to form a plurality of drawn tubes, and cutting the plurality of drawn tubes into cut drawn tubes of a predetermined shape. The cut drawn tubes have a first end and a second end along the longitudinal direction of the cut drawn tubes. The method further comprises conforming the first end of the cut drawn tubes into a predetermined curve to form the large area conformable shape structure, wherein the cut drawn tubes contain a material.

Abstract: A method for determining the nodosity of a wooden plank comprises the operating steps of observing the lateral surface (4) of the wooden plank (1) to identify its zones (7) corresponding to knots (6), assessing the overall extent of the knots (6) inside the plank (1) and the relative volume, and determining the nodosity as a ratio of the volume occupied by the knots (6) to the overall volume of the plank (1) or the remaining volume of the plank (1).

Abstract: A quick-release mechanism of an actuator, including: a worm wheel having a circular body section, a shaft hole extending through the body section along a curvature center line thereof; a rod-like push body coaxially fitted through the shaft hole; and a clutch unit having a first clutch section and a second clutch section. The first clutch section is integrally formed on an end face of the body section. The second clutch section is slidably and relatively unrotatably fitted on the push body. The second clutch section is movable along an axis of the push body between a disengaging position and an engaging position. When positioned in the engaging position, the first and second clutch sections are engaged to drivingly couple the push body with the worm wheel. When positioned in the disengaging position, the first and second clutch sections are disengaged to uncouple the push body from the worm wheel.

Abstract: A positioning device (1) for positioning a load (2) having at least one shaft (4) extending longitudinally in the axial direction (3) and at least one nut (5) engaging the shaft (4) and having at least one housing (6), with an axial bearing (7) being arranged in said housing (6) and the shaft (4) and/or the nut (5) being supported in the axial direction (3) at the axial bearing (7), with the axial bearing (7) being fastened at the housing (6) via at least one fastening bolt (8), with the fastening bolt (8) being guided through a recess (9) in the housing wall (10) of the housing (6) and fastened at the axial bearing (7).

Abstract: A power transmission device which is free from a possibility of breakage of a driving member is provided. A stepping motor (driving member) 61a configured to be driven on the basis of a command signal from a controller 70, a lead screw portion 61c configured to be rotationally driven in association with the drive of the stepping motor 61a, and a power transmitting member 65 configured to move along an axial direction X of the lead screw portion 61c in accordance with the rotation of the lead screw portion 61c and transmit a power to a power transmitted member 42e are provided, and the controller 70 is configured to control the output of the command signal to the stepping motor 61a to be stopped when the power transmitting member 65 is not moved along the axial direction X.

Abstract: An actuator (A) of a steering lock device includes a tubular member (17) that is fitted around an outer periphery of a lock pin (14) and is rotated by an electric motor (19), a helical cam groove (14e) is provided, among an inner peripheral face of the tubular member (17) and an outer peripheral face of the lock pin (14), in the outer peripheral face of the lock pin (14), a ball (21) is disposed between the cam groove (14e) and a ball retaining groove (17a, 17a) of the tubular member (17), and a guide pin (23) implanted in the lock pin (14) opposes a cam face (17d) formed on the inner peripheral face of the tubular member (17).

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide an innovative device for urging relative movement and an electronic apparatus in the device for urging relative movement is employed, the device and apparatus having extremely high commercial value.

Abstract: A coupling comprises a pair of clutch end members, a clutch centre member disposed between the clutch end members, and an actuator coupled to one of the end members. Each end member includes concentric V-grooves disposed on a respective face thereof. The centre member is axially movable between the end members, and includes a pair of opposing surfaces. One of the opposing surfaces includes concentric V-grooves configured to mesh with the V-grooves of one of the end members. Another of the opposing surfaces includes concentric V-grooves configured to mesh with the V-grooves of another of the end members. The actuator is configured to couple the end members and the centre member together by urging the V-grooves of the end members into engagement with the V-grooves of the centre member.

Abstract: A six speed M/T includes four shafts, which are an input shaft A1, a first intermediate shaft A2, a second intermediate shaft A3, and an output shaft A4, those being parallel to one another. A single drive gear G45i is used as both a fourth-speed drive gear and a fifth-speed drive gear. The number of gear teeth of a second final drive gear Gfi2 is greater than that of a first final drive gear Gfi1. A fourth-speed driven gear G4o, a third-speed driven gear G3o, a first-speed driven gear G1o, and a second-speed driven gear G2o are arranged to the shaft A2 in this order from the side close to an engine E/G, and a fifth-speed driven gear G5o, a sixth-speed driven gear G6o, and a reverse driven gear GRo are arranged to the shaft A3 in this order from the side close to the engine E/G.

Abstract: A multiple shift fork, single shift rail assembly reduces weight and complexity in manual and dual clutch transmissions. In a first embodiment, a stationary shift rail includes pluralities of detenting recesses and cooperating detent assemblies are mounted on the shift forks. Associated actuators translate the shift forks and synchronizer clutches. In a second embodiment, the detenting recesses reside on the outside surface of the shift forks and the detent assemblies are mounted in the transmission housing. In a third embodiment, one shift fork is slidably mounted on the shift rail and includes an external detent assembly. The shift rail itself translates and includes detenting recesses and a second shift fork connected thereto.

Abstract: A steering wheel has at least one shift paddle which is coupled to the steering wheel in such a manner that the shift paddle is movable relative to the steering wheel in order in a contactless manner to trigger a shifting operation. In order to improve the ease of operation when actuating the shift paddle on the steering wheel, the steering wheel is distinguished by a slotted guide mechanism by which a shifting sensation is generated during movement of the shift paddle.

Abstract: A rotary control knob apparatus includes a stationary knob retainer having a cylindrical post and an annular knob that slides over the retainer post, where the exterior periphery of the retainer post has a distributed array of compliant protrusions that contact the inner periphery of the knob to provide a resilient sliding interference fit between the knob and the retainer post. In a preferred arrangement, the retainer is secured against the rear surface of a control panel trimplate, and the knob is axially captured between the trimplate and a retainer flange extending radially outward from the base of the cylindrical post.

Abstract: A hub for a bicycle includes a shaft (12), a hub body (40), a ratchet wheel (43), a drive seat (10), a support ring (15), a rotation ring (21), a plurality of pawl members (22), a stop bushing (121), a limit ring (30) and a damper (33). Thus, when the drive seat is rotated backward by the pedal, each of the pawl members is retracted into the respective receiving slot (212) of the rotation ring to disengage the oneway ratchet teeth (43) of the ratchet wheel, so that each of the pawl members is spaced from and will not touch the ratchet wheel when the pedal is driven backward to prevent from producing a noise when the pedal is driven backward.