Abstract: An electron-emitting device according to the present invention, comprises: an insulating member having a top face, a side face and a recess portion formed between the top face and the side face; a cathode electrode which is disposed on the side face and has an electron emitting portion located in a boundary portion between the side face and the recess portion; and a gate electrode which is disposed on the top face and of which an edge faces the electron emitting portion, wherein the boundary portion in which the electron emitting portion is located has concavity and convexity in a direction parallel to the top face.

Abstract: A thermal field emission cathode which is employed in an electron microscope, a critical dimension examine tool, an electron beam lithograph machine, an electron beam tester and other electron beam related systems as an electron source is disclosed. Embodiments disclose changing coating shape, coating position and shorten emitter length to extend the lifetime of the field emission cathode.

Abstract: The invention relates to a high voltage shielding arrangement comprising a first metal part and a second metal part positioned in close vicinity to said first metal part. Said second metal part included in said arrangement to be set at an electrical potential that is lower than the electric potential of the first metal part. Said second metal part having comprising one or more edges and an insulator. The second metal part is at least partially encapsulated by the insulator facing the first metal part.

Abstract: An LED illuminating device includes a first LED illuminating module, a second LED illuminating module, and a connecting module. The first LED illuminating module includes a first substrate and a first group of LEDs mounted on the first substrate. The second LED illuminating module includes a second substrate and a second group of LEDs mounted on the second substrate. The first group of LEDs and the second group of LEDs face opposite directions. The projections of the first substrate and the second substrate are spaced to each other. The connecting module connects the first LED illuminating module with the second illuminating module. The LED illuminating device has a large light divergence angle and good heat dissipation ability.

Abstract: The invention provides a phosphor emitting UV and visible light, which may be collocated with other phosphors to provide a white light illumination device, composed of (M1-xREx)9M?(PO4)7 or M9(M?1-yRE?y)(PO4)7 , wherein M is Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn or combinations thereof, M? is Sc, Y, La, Gd, Al, Ga, In or combinations thereof, RE is Pr, Nd, Eu, Gd, Tb, Ce, Dy, Yb, Er, Sc, Mn, Zn or combinations thereof, RE? is Pr, Nd, Gd, Tb, Ce, Dy, Yb, Er, Bi or combinations thereof, 0.001?x?0.8, and 0.001?y<1.0.

Abstract: A plasma display panel enhancing an emission efficiency of a green phosphor layer by increasing an excitation efficiency of a green phosphor layer using visible light emitted from a dielectric layer or barrier ribs, the plasma display panel including a first substrate and a second substrate disposed to face the first substrate. A plurality of display electrodes are formed on the first substrate. A first dielectric layer is formed on the first substrate to cover the display electrodes. A plurality of address electrodes are formed on the second substrate in a direction crossing the display electrodes. A second dielectric layer is formed on the second substrate to cover the address electrodes. Barrier ribs are disposed in a space between the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer to form a plurality of discharge cells. The second dielectric layer and the barrier ribs comprise a short wavelength phosphor material.

Abstract: A device includes a substrate, an insulating member disposed on a surface of the substrate, a gate, and a cathode. The insulating member has an upper surface apart from the surface of the substrate, and a side surface rising from the surface of the substrate between the upper surface and the surface of the substrate. The gate is disposed on the upper surface of the insulating member. The cathode is disposed on the side surface of the insulating member and has a portion opposing the gate. The side surface of the insulating member on which the cathode is disposed has a protruding portion protruding from an imaginary line connecting a position where the portion opposing the gate lies and a position where the insulating member rises from the surface of the substrate.

Abstract: There is provided a new electron beam apparatus which improves the instability of an electron emission characteristic and provides a high efficient electron emission characteristic. The electron beam apparatus includes: an insulating member having a recess on its surface; a cathode having a protruding portion extending over the outer surface of the insulating member and the inner surface of the recess; a gate positioned at the outer surface of the insulating member in opposition to the protruding portion; and an anode positioned in opposition to the protruding portion through the gate.

Abstract: A carbonitride phosphor is provided, which is represented by a general chemical formula of (M1-x-yNxCey)2(CN2)3, in which 0.005?x?0.20, 0.005?y?0.15, and M and N are respectively selected from a group consisting of yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium and cassiopeium.

Abstract: Novel triphenylene compounds are provided. Specific examples include multi-aryl-substituted triphenylenes. A preferred group of compounds are triphenylenes that are substituted with a non-fused aryl group having one or more meta-substituents, where each meta-substituent is a non-fused aryl group optionally substituted with further substituents selected from the group consisting of non-fused aryl groups and alkyl groups. A further preferred group of compounds are triphenylenes that are substituted with a non-fused heteroaryl group having one or more meta-substituents, where each meta-substituent is a non-fused aryl or heteroaryl group optionally substituted with further substituents selected from the group consisting of non-fused aryl groups, non-fused heteroaryl groups, and alkyl groups. Some high triplet energy analogs are expected to work with deep blue phosphorescent dopants. The compounds may be useful in phosphorescent organic light emitting devices.

Abstract: An organic light-emitting device including a substrate; a first electrode on the substrate; a second electrode; an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode; and a carbonaceous material-containing layer between the first electrode and the organic layer, wherein the first electrode includes an aluminum (Al)-based reflective layer and a transparent conductive layer sequentially stacked in this order on the substrate, the Al-based reflective layer including a first element and nickel (Ni) and the first element includes at least one of lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb), and lutetium (Lu).

Abstract: Disclosed is a coating type organic EL element having excellent chromaticity stability to driving current, excellent chromaticity stability during continuous driving and excellent color rendering property.

Abstract: The present invention provides a luminescent composition capable of providing an electroluminescent sheet with a high productivity at low costs in an efficient manner, an electroluminescent sheet obtained from the luminescent composition which can be mass-produced, and a process for producing the electroluminescent sheet. The present invention relates to an adhesive luminescent composition produced by kneading and dispersing an electroluminescent substance in a resin having a glass transition temperature of from ?70 to 5° C.

Abstract: An inorganic electroluminescent device includes: patterned metal electrodes periodically disposed at pre-set intervals; and a phosphor layer positioned on the patterned metal electrodes, wherein as a first voltage and a second voltage are alternately applied to the patterned metal electrodes according to the order of their disposition, light emitted from the phosphor layer is discharged to the spaces between the patterned metal electrodes.

Abstract: A plasma display panel (PDP) including: first and second opposing substrates; a discharge layer disposed between the substrates, having discharge cells; address electrodes disposed on the first substrate, extending in a first direction, across the discharge cells; and display electrodes disposed on the second substrate, extending across the discharge cells in a second direction. The discharge layer includes: a discharge enhancement layer disposed on the first substrate, having first spaces; and a barrier rib layer disposed on the discharge enhancement layer, having second spaces that are connected to the first spaces, so as to form the discharge cells. The discharge enhancement layer further includes a perimeter member disposed in a dummy area provided at the edges of an effective area of the PDP.

Abstract: The invention relates to a high-pressure gas discharge lamp (8) for a lighting device, in particular for a headlight unit of a motor vehicle, with an electronic ignition system (9) that is arranged inside a lamp cap housing (1, 2) that comprises an upper part (1) and a cover (2), wherein said upper part (1) is provided with an opening (1.1) within which a high-voltage connection (4) between the high-pressure gas discharge lamp (8) and the electronic ignition system (9) is present, the cover (2) projects into said opening (1.1) and closes off this opening (1.1) in an insulating manner, and the mutually facing surfaces of the upper part (1) and the cover (2) form a labyrinth (3) that is interrupted by an insulating element (5).

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for the generation of microwaves, comprising a virtual cathode oscillator (1) in coaxial construction having an outer substantially cylindrical tube constituting a cathode (2) and connected to a transmission conductor (14) for feeding the cathode (2) with voltage pulses, as well as an inner substantially cylindrical tube, at least partially transparent for electrons, constituting an anode (3) and connected to a wave guide (13) for the discharge of microwave radiation generated by the formation of a virtual cathode (4) inside a region enclosed by the anode. The device comprises an electrically conductive structure in the form of a reflector (19) disposed adjacent to the anode (3). The cathode (2) comprises a substantially rotationally symmetric, electrically conductive body (15) having a cavity (16).

Abstract: A method includes forming one or more capacitors over a substrate. The method also includes forming a transformer at least partially over the substrate. The transformer is adjacent to at least one of the one or more capacitors. At least a portion of the transformer is formed at a same level over the substrate as the one or more capacitors. The method further includes coupling the one or more capacitors and the transformer to at least one embedded integrated circuit die. The one or more capacitors, the transformer, and the at least one embedded integrated circuit die form at least part of a light emitting diode (LED) driver.

Abstract: An LED-based lighting unit for retrofitting a fluorescent light fixture in a transit vehicle has a concave frame or structure conforming to the shape of the fluorescent lighting fixture cavity, connector pins on either end of the frame for secure attachment to sockets of the fluorescent fixture, a plurality of LED modules for illuminating an area of a transit vehicle, a power adapter for receiving and converting an input power supply signal, and a diffusive lens cover. The frame may have rear fins or other features for facilitating dissipation of heat generated by the LEDs. A controller adjusts the intensity of the LEDs based on a reading from a temperature sensor and on a manual brightness setting. The change in light output may be accomplished by reducing a duty cycle of a pulse width modulated (PWM) waveform supplying the LEDs.

Abstract: An illumination device improved in safety to the eye is provided. The illumination device includes: a semiconductor laser element to serve as an excitation light source which emits laser light; a fluorescent plate which contains a fluorescent substance for emitting light of a desired color and is irradiated with laser light emitted from the semiconductor laser element; a light receiving element part which detects light reflected from the fluorescent plate; and a light source control part which controls laser light emitted from the semiconductor laser element based on a detection signal from the light receiving element part.

Abstract: A bi-color license plate frame, for surrounding a license plate of a vehicle, comprises a rectangular body comprising an aperture that is adapted to show a license plate, and a wall defining a hollow frame space inside the wall, a plurality of light-emitting elements contained in the frame space, and a controller that is electrically connected to the light-emitting elements and that controls the light intensity of the light-emitting elements according to the braking status of the vehicle. The wall of the rectangular body is translucent to the light of the light-emitting elements, and comprises a light diffusion layer, whereby surface illumination is provided when the light-emitting elements are turned on. Bi-color may include metal look and color emitted by the light-emitting elements, or red or black color of the light-diffusion layer and color emitted by the light-emitting elements.

Abstract: Ion wind fans are susceptible to sparks occurring across an emitter electrode and a collector electrode of an ion wind fan. According to one embodiment, the present invention includes mitigating a spark event by providing a resistor in series between an ion wind fan power supply and an ion wind fan. In one embodiment, the resistance of the resistor is at least one order of magnitude lower than the resistance across the ion wind fan during normal operation.

Abstract: A hybrid chip-on-heatsink device comprises at least one LED die, at least one printed circuit board (PCB), and a thermally conductive substrate or heatsink. The LED die is physically and thermally coupled to the thermally conductive substrate. The PCB is physically coupled to the thermally conductive substrate. The LED die is electrically coupled to the PCB. The thermally conductive substrate acts as a spreader and as a heatsink, whereby heat is efficiently dissipated away from the LED die. The PCB may optionally contain other electrical components, and circuitry to create a “smart” LED package or light engine.

Abstract: An apparatus and method thereof for igniting and operating a high intensity discharge (HID) lamp during an in service life, and powering down the lamp when an end-of-life (EOL) lamp condition is detected. The apparatus and method defines a series of thresholds of lamp voltage asymmetry, or rectification thresholds, and monitors the lamp rectification from ignition through normal operation. The detection scheme is masked off for a predetermined period of time when the lamp is initially started. Thereafter, the rectification threshold of the lamp voltage asymmetry is gradually reduced over time, until a defined minimum rectification threshold level is reached and maintained. The method continuously monitors the lamp voltage and records whenever the lamp voltage asymmetry is higher than the rectification threshold level at any lamp voltage cycle.

Abstract: A system and method involving lighting fixtures, a control network, a controller and other devices such as light sensors, input devices and network adapters for coordinating precise brightness and color schedules among the lighting fixtures while maintaining a high color reliability including provisions for managing a plurality of lighting fixtures. The lighting fixtures contain lighting elements selected such that when controlled properly, operating along a daytime locus, the resultant light output closely resembles sunlight on a cloudless day in spectral characteristics, and wherein the total flux of blue light can be adjusted from a relative level of 1-100% the maximum blue flux of the lighting fixture by controlling individual lighting elements.

Abstract: A plurality of LEDs arranged in groups, each group comprising at least one LED, a control circuit for driving the LEDs, the control circuit comprising a sensing device for sensing an operative parameter of the LEDs. The control circuit is arranged to: a) operate at least one group of the LEDs: b) sense by the sensing device a value of the operative parameter of the at least one group; c) repeat a) and b) for at least a different one of the groups; d) assign to each of the groups of LEDs a value of the operative parameter from the sensed operative parameter values; and e) control the driving of the groups of LEDs from the assigned operative parameter values.

Abstract: A solid state lighting apparatus includes a plurality of light emitting diodes, a sensor configured to output a sensor signal indicative of at least one operating condition of the solid state lighting apparatus, and a control circuit coupled to the sensor. The control circuit is configured to temporarily interrupt electrical current to ones of the plurality of light emitting diodes at respective intervals responsive to the sensor signal indicating that the operating condition does not meet a desired operating threshold to provide a visible indicator thereof in light emitted by the apparatus. Related devices and methods of operation are also discussed.

Abstract: A high reliability and long lifetime AC LED device includes: an LED group, a rectifier diode group and an AC power. The LED group includes a plurality of LED micro-chips connected in series. The rectifier diode group includes four rectifier diodes. The AC power is electrically connected to the rectifier diode group, and the rectifier diode group is electrically connected to the LED group. The AC power includes a positive half-cycle voltage and a negative half-cycle voltage. The rectifier diode group enables the LED group to conduct both in positive and negative half-cycle voltage, so as to prevent the LED group from bearing high reverse bias voltage, and extend the light-emitting lifetime and enhance the reliability.

Abstract: An LED driving circuit includes a current selecting circuit. The current selecting circuit controls the current transmission path in the plurality of LEDs according to respective threshold voltages of corresponding LEDs and a plurality of current limits.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a Light Emitting Diode (LED) selection circuit for an LED driver that drives multiple unequal lengths of LED strings, which selectively turns the LED strings ON and OFF corresponding to an input alternating current (AC) line voltage. The LED driver provides optimal efficiency as input AC line voltage varies from low to high voltages (i.e. 90V to 150V for nominal 120 VAC operation and 190V to 250V for nominal 220 VAC operation). Thus The LED driver can be used internationally since it accepts voltages from virtually every industrialized country in the world. The LED selection circuit in accordance with the present invention comprises a rectifier, multiple LED strings, multiple current sources and a controller. The controller generates multiple signals to the corresponding current source and turns ON and OFF the LED strings.

Abstract: A multi channel LED driver comprises a plurality of LED strings. Each of the plurality of LED strings are associated with a separate channel. A voltage regulator generates an output voltage to the plurality of LED strings responsive to an input voltage and a PWM control signal. First control logic generates the PWM control signal responsive to a voltage at a bottom of each of the plurality of LED strings. A plurality of dimming circuitries, each connected to one of the bottoms of the plurality of LED strings, control a light intensity in each of the plurality of LED strings responsive to dimming control signals. Second control logic generates the dimming control signals responsive to forward currents monitored through each of the plurality of LED strings and dimming data.

Abstract: A light-emitting adjustment method and a display device are provided. The display device includes a voltage source, a light-emitting diode array, a pulse width modulator, a current sensor and a light-emitting adjuster. The voltage source provides an operating voltage. The pulse width modulator provides operating pulse signals to multiple light-emitting diodes arranged in column in order. The current sensor senses a plurality of overall current values of the light-emitting diodes at different timings during the light-emitting diodes are sequentially enabled. The light-emitting adjuster computes an operating current value of each of the light-emitting diodes according to the overall current values and performs a compensation operation based on the operating current value to obtain and output a compensation signal.

Abstract: A method includes receiving a sense signal having multiple pulses, where the sense signal is based on an output of a dimmer. The method also includes, for each of multiple sampling periods, (i) identifying a pulse duty cycle by sampling at least one pulse in the sense signal and calculating a duty cycle of the at least one pulse and (ii) generating an output value identifying a duty cycle for driving one or more LEDs. The output value is based on the pulse duty cycle. The method further includes generating a holding current for the dimmer (i) during the sampling of the at least one pulse in at least one of the sampling periods and (ii) when the pulse duty cycle is less than a specified threshold. The holding current can be applied continuously when the pulse duty cycle is less than the specified threshold (such as 15%).

Abstract: A method includes receiving a sense signal having multiple pulses, where the sense signal is based on an output of a dimmer. The method also includes, for each of multiple sampling periods, (i) identifying at least one pulse duty cycle for at least one pulse in the sense signal during that sampling period and (ii) generating an output value identifying a duty cycle for driving one or more light emitting diodes (LEDs). The output value is based on the at least one pulse duty cycle. The method further includes filtering the output values using a filter and adjusting the filter based on a rate at which the output of the dimmer changes. The filter could be adjusted by controlling whether an additional resistor forms part of an RC filter based on a sampling state.

Abstract: A light emitting device comprising a first common electrode (11; 21), a structured conducting layer (12; 22), forming a set of electrode pads (14; 24a, 24b) electrically isolated from each other, a dielectric layer (13; 23), interposed between the first common electrode layer (11; 21) and the structured conducting layer (12; 22), a second common electrode (15; 30), and a plurality of light emitting elements (16; 20a, 20b), each light emitting element being electrically connected between one of the electrode pads (14; 24a, 24b) and the second common electrode (15; 30), so as to be connected in series with a capacitor (18; 31) comprising one of the electrode pads (14; 24a, 24b), the dielectric layer (13; 23), and the first common electrode (11; 21). When an alternating voltage is applied between the first and second common electrodes, the light emitting elements will be powered through a capacitive coupling, also providing current limitation.

Abstract: A switching circuit adapted in an LED circuit and an LED circuit are provided. The switching circuit has a mode-selecting circuit, a comparator and a control module. The mode-selecting circuit has a voltage-dividing module and a switch. The voltage-dividing module receives and divides a reference voltage to further generate a working voltage. The switch is connected to the voltage-dividing module, wherein the switch has an output. The comparator comprises a first input connected to the switch, a second input and a comparator output. During a measuring mode, the switch transfers the reference voltage and the second input is connected to the comparator output. During a working mode, the switch transfers the working voltage, the second input of the comparator receives an output voltage of the LED circuit and the control module generates a control signal according to the voltage of the comparator output to switch the LED circuit.

Abstract: A dimmer switch for controlling the intensity of a dimmable screw-in compact fluorescent lamp provides smooth dimming of the fluorescent lamp and prevents flickering of the lamp due to multiple re-strikes. The dimmer switch prevents multiple re-strikes by avoiding multiple firings of a controllably conductive switching device of the dimmer circuit by limiting the high-end light intensity of the fluorescent lamp. Specifically, the dimmer switch limits the length of a conduction interval of the controllably conductive switching device to less than approximately 75% of each half-cycle. The dimmer switch may include a user-accessible adjustment actuator for changing the dimmer switch between an incandescent operating mode and a screw-in compact fluorescent mode.

Abstract: The present invention provides various embodiments for apparatuses, systems, and methods for lighting devices used in shelving, displays, and the like. Some embodiments provide lighting device comprising elongated extrusions with a first surface and a second surface proximate the first surface. The second surface may be reflective. One or more light emitting devices may be mounted at the first surface of the extrusion. The first surface is angled with respect to the second surface such that at least a portion of the light emitted from the light emitting devices reaches the second surface. If the second surface is reflective, at least a portion of the emitted light will be reflected from the second surface. A protective and possibly light diffusive lens may be provided between the first and second surfaces. In other embodiments, lighting systems may be provided with a plurality of lighting devices as described above.

Abstract: A control unit for controlling an illumination parameter of one or more light sources of a plurality of light sources is described. The control unit being arranged to—select the one or more light sources of the plurality of light sources, receive an input signal representing a required value of the illumination parameter for the selected one or more light sources, convert the input signal to a broadcast signal for the plurality of light sources; —enable the broadcast signal to be provided to the plurality of light sources thereby enabling the selected one or more light sources to comply with the required value of the illumination parameter.

Abstract: LED lighting device (1) comprising a plurality of LED light sources (3) positioned on a support surface (2) and a plurality of optical elements (4) coaxial to the light sources (3) to generate collimated light beams (5), the light sources (3) being individually inclined relative to a predefined plane (6) to form angles, also different, in such a way that collimated light beams (5) intersect defining convergence points.

Abstract: A sewable light guide device includes a light source controlled to be on or off by a controller, and the light source includes a joint, and the joint is connected to a sewable light guide strip, and the light guide strip contains at least one light guide etch mark formed inside the light guide strip, and a joint element is installed at a side of the light guide strip along an axial direction, such that the joint element can be sewed or fixed to an object such as a bag, a shoe or a cloth, and the light guide strip is exposed from a surface of the object, and the light source can be turned on to drive the light guide strip to produce a light along the light guide etch mark, so as to improve the visually noticeability of the object.

Abstract: A flashlight is described comprising a flashlight body comprising a tube with a first end and a second end, the tube configured to hold at least one battery; a bulb holder for holding an illumination source at the first end of the tube; and a circuit interruption and completion device forming a complete circuit between the illumination source and the battery, when the device is in a closed mode, the device comprising a pushbutton switch which is manually actuated between at least a first closed mode and a second mode. The switch controls multiple functions of the flashlight. The switch requires at least one of a force of less than about 1000 gf and a stroke of less than 4 mm to be operably actuated.

Abstract: A circuit for controlling a rotation speed of a computer fan includes a control chip, a conversion circuit, a fan header, a first switch, and a second switch. When a first terminal of the first switch is connected to a second terminal of the first switch, and a first terminal of the second switch is connected to a second terminal of the second switch, the conversion circuit converts a control signal received from the control chip to a voltage signal, and outputs the voltage signal to a power pin of the fan header. When the first terminal of the first switch is connected to a third terminal of the first switch, and the first terminal of the second switch is connected to a third terminal of the second switch, a control pin of the fan header receives the control signal, the power pin receives power from a first power supply.

Abstract: In a glass sheet processing/handling machine, at least one electric motor for powering a respective movable member is powered by a drive having a direct power device connected to an industrial electric power mains; and a rechargeable power device alternative to the direct power device and having a storage block for storing energy produced by the electric motor when decelerating the relative movable member.

Abstract: The Lundell motor apparatus includes a controller for controlling a field current passed to a field coil of a Lundell-type rotor of a motor and an armature current passed to a stator coil of the motor in order to generate a required torque. When the field current is If, the armature current is Ia, a d-axis inductance is Ld, a q-axis inductance is Lq, a q-axis current as a q-axis component of the armature current is Iq, a d-axis current as a d-axis component of the armature current is Id, a field torque is Tf, a field flux is ?f, a reluctance torque is Tr, and a combined torque of the field torque and the reluctance torque is ?T, the controller passes the d-axis current Id to the stator coil within a phase angle range in which the combined torque ?T become larger than the field torque Tf in order to generate the reluctance torque Tr which is equal to (Ld?Lq)Id·Iq in addition to the field torque Tf.

Abstract: Slow speed operation of a brushless DC (BLDC) motor is enhanced by gating off some of the PWM pulses in each commutation period. By doing so, longer PWM pulse widths may be used at PWM signal frequencies that are inaudible while still allowing desired slow speed operation of the BLDC motor. Centering the non-gated PWM pulses in each commutation period where peak back EMF occurs, further reduces losses and improves delivery of maximum torque from the BLDC motor.

Abstract: A method for reducing cogging torque effects of an electrical permanent magnet machine includes running an “a” test and a “b” test with different cogging compensation signals. A first value is calculated by multiplying a complex cogging amplitude of the compensation signal applied for the “a” test with a complex amplitude of a vibration signal resulting from cogging torque of the “b” test. A second value is calculated by multiplying a complex cogging amplitude of the compensation signal applied for the “b” test with a complex amplitude of the vibration signal resulting from cogging torque of the “a” test. A desired complex cogging compensation amplitude is calculated by dividing the difference between the first and second values by a difference between the complex amplitudes of the vibration signals resulting from the “b” test and the “a” test. A cogging compensation torque is applied to the machine based on the desired complex cogging compensation amplitude.

Abstract: Provided is a motor having a magnetic polar unit in which a permanent magnetic polar array having arranged therein alternately a plurality of permanent magnetic polar elements in alternate opposite poles is made to face a plurality of electromagnetic coil arrays alternately excited at opposite poles, and the permanent magnetic polar array is made to move thereby; wherein the motor further comprises a sensor for detecting the periodical magnetic change accompanying the movement of the permanent magnetic polar array, the output of the sensor is directly returned as a direct drive waveform to the electromagnetic coils, and this drive circuit forms the excitation signal based on the return signal.

Abstract: Methods, system and apparatus are provided for sensorless control of a vector controlled motor drive system that includes an electric motor used to drive an auxiliary oil pump.

Abstract: Drive voltages to a sensorless brushless DC motor are regulated by varying the width of a single drive pulse (PWM pulse) centered in each of the commutation periods. Switching losses are thereby cut to an absolute minimum because there are only two transitions (on and off) in each drive commutation period. Back EMF zero-cross detectors determine the electrical timing relationships during each electrical cycle. Since the PWM drive pulses are always centered in each of the commutation periods, there will always be back EMF available for measurement of “zero-crossings.” A digital device controls power switching transistors to produce one single PWM pulse during each of the commutation periods.