Abstract: A manufacturing apparatus for growing a SiC single crystal on a surface of a seed crystal that is made of a SiC single crystal substrate by supplying a source gas of SiC from a lower side of a vacuum chamber toward the seed crystal includes a pedestal, a rod member, and a cooling system. The pedestal is disposed in the vacuum chamber. The pedestal has a first surface on which the seed crystal is disposed and a second surface opposed to the first surface. The rod member holds the pedestal. The cooling system includes a temperature control pipe and a coolant temperature controller. The temperature control pipe is disposed on the second surface side of the pedestal. The coolant temperature controller controls a temperature of a coolant that flows to the temperature control pipe.

Abstract: A fluidized bed apparatus includes: a filter casing unit attached to a support base so as to be vertically movable; and a spray casing unit attached to the support base so as to be swingingly movable. The filter casing unit is, while being inverted, vertically moved under a state in which the spray casing unit is withdrawn sideways, and a filter is replaced at a maintenance position (Y) on a lower side of the apparatus. The filter casing unit is attached to a base plate of a lifting device. When a lift plate ascends while being placed on a screw nut, the filter casing unit also ascends. The filter casing unit is not fixed to the lifting device and is not distorted even when the unit cannot be sandwiched with an equal force.

Abstract: An apparatus for making a working electrode of a dye-sensitized solar cell is provided. The apparatus includes a columnar body, a rotatable mechanism rotatably received in the columnar body, and a cover enclosing the columnar body. Accommodating grooves are formed in the columnar body configured to accommodate substrates. The rotatable mechanism includes a containing chamber, rollers, and nozzles. The nozzles are configured for jetting the slurry from the containing chamber to the accommodating grooves. The rollers are independently rotatable and configured for rolling the slurry on the substrates. The cover has feeding tubes and exporting tubes extending therethrough. The feeding tubes are in communication with the containing chamber and configured for feeding the slurry to the containing chamber. The exporting tubes are in communication with the columnar body and configured for evacuating excess slurry from the columnar body.

Abstract: In a vacuum processing apparatus, a substrate chuck mechanism member is attached to a substrate holder provided in a vacuum processing chamber, includes a shaft member, first and second coil springs that are provided at the two ends, respectively, of the shaft member, and a substrate chuck plate provided at the end of the shaft member, and is additionally attached to the substrate holder using the substrate chuck plate by elastic biasing of the first coil spring. The holding state of the substrate on the substrate holder is changed by the expansion/contraction actions of the first and second coil springs in accordance with the reciprocal movement of the substrate holder.

Abstract: A CVD device includes a reaction chamber, a support device, a gas input assembly and a gas output device. The support device is positioned in the reaction chamber. The gas input assembly and a gas output assembly are connected to the reaction chamber respectively. The gas input assembly includes a main body positioned in the reaction chamber and a plurality of gas jets uniformly positioned on the main body, introducing mixed gas to the reaction chamber uniformly.

Abstract: A film deposition apparatus has a vacuum chamber in which a turntable placing plural substrates is rotated, the plural substrates come into contact with plural reaction gases supplied to plural process areas and thin films are deposited on surfaces of the plural substrates, and has plural reaction gas supplying portions for supplying the plural processing gases, a separation gas supplying portion for supplying a separation gas and an evacuation mechanism for ejecting the plural processing gases and the separation gas, wherein the plural process areas includes a first process area for causing a first reaction gas to adsorb on the surfaces of the plural substrates, and a second process area, having an area larger than the first process area, for causing the first reaction gas having adsorbed the surfaces of the plural substrates and a second reaction gas to react, and depositing the films on the surfaces of the plural substrates.

Abstract: A plasma process apparatus for processing a substrate by using plasma including a vacuum chamber in which the processing of the substrate is performed, a turntable inside the vacuum chamber, the turntable having at least one substrate receiving area, a rotation mechanism rotating the turntable, a gas supplying part supplying plasma generation gas to the substrate receiving area, a main plasma generating part ionizing the plasma generation gas, being provided in a position opposite to a passing area of the substrate receiving area, and extending in a rod-like manner from a center portion of the turntable to an outer circumferential portion of the turntable, an auxiliary plasma generating part compensating for insufficient plasma of the main plasma generating part, the auxiliary plasma generating part being separated from the main plasma generating part in a circumferential direction of the vacuum chamber, and an evacuating part evacuating the vacuum chamber.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for processing substrates are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, an apparatus for processing a substrate may include a substrate support having a base having a convex surface, an annular ring disposed on the base, and an edge ring disposed on the annular ring to support a substrate, wherein the base, annular ring, and edge ring form a radiant cavity capable of reflecting energy radiated from a backside of a substrate when disposed on the edge ring and wherein the backside of the substrate faces the convex surface of the base. Alternatively or in combination, in some embodiments, the base may include a metal layer encapsulated between a transparent non-metal upper layer and a non-metal lower layer.

Abstract: The inventors of this invention conducted a test and found out that to prevent peel-off of an adherent film, it is not of essential importance to set the radius of curvature equal to or larger than a predetermined threshold. The inventors of the present invention also found out that peel-off of an adherent film occurs in the region in which the curvature of a shield changes and is less likely to occur when the change in curvature of the shield is small. Accordingly, the key to the problem is the magnitude of a change in curvature of the shield, so changing the curvature stepwise makes it possible to suppress a large change in curvature, and thus to prevent peel-off of an adherent film free from any disadvantages such as deterioration in film thickness distribution, which may occur due to an increase in size of the shield.

Abstract: A surface coating apparatus for preparing a work piece having a working surface for imprint lithography, wherein the work piece comprises either a mold or a substrate. The apparatus includes a vacuum chamber and a generator to produce chemical reaction radicals for cleaning the working surface. The generator may be located inside said vacuum chamber and connected to an inner surface of said vacuum chamber or external to the vacuum chamber and connected thereto via suitable couplings. A fixture within the vacuum chamber is configured to hold the work piece with the working surface accessible by the chemical reaction radicals, and a means is provided for depositing a molecular layer of surfactant on the working surface inside the vacuum chamber.

Abstract: A reactor for film deposition having a first heating unit and the second heating units is described. The temperature of each heating unit is controlled individually by heating and/or cooling means. The first heating unit and the second heating unit are disposed face-to-face to each other to form a reaction region therein, and their inner sides are placed with an inclined angle. At least one substrate is disposed on the inner surface of the first heating unit. The temperature of the second heating unit can be adapted to a temperature higher than the temperature of the first heating unit to improve the thermal decomposition efficiency of input reactants so that a low-temperature film deposition can be accomplished.

Abstract: A film deposition apparatus includes a turntable including a substrate placement region at its surface; first and second reaction gas supply parts disposed in first and second supply regions in a chamber and supplying first and second reaction gases onto the surface, respectively; a separation region disposed between the first and second supply regions, the separation region including a separation gas supply part ejecting a separation gas separating the first and second reaction gases and a ceiling surface forming a separation space to supply the separation gas to the first and second supply regions; and first and second evacuation ports provided for the first and second supply regions. At least one of the first and second evacuation ports is disposed so as to guide the separation gas, supplied to the corresponding supply region, toward and along a direction in which the corresponding reaction gas supply part extends.

Abstract: A conveyor assembly for conveying substrates through a vapor deposition system includes a first carriage rail and a second carriage rail disposed at an opposite side of the conveyor assembly. The first and second carriage rails include a plurality of roller positions spaced longitudinally therealong. The carriage rails further include a pair of wheels at each of the roller positions, with the wheels spaced apart so as to define a cradle at the respective roller position. At least one of the wheels at each roller position on is drive wheel. A plurality of rollers extend between the first and second carriage rails. The rollers have ends that drop into the cradles at the roller positions such that the rollers are removable from the carriage rails by being lifted out of the cradles at the roller positions.

Abstract: A method for management of animals in an area (11) including a plurality of grazing paddocks (12a-f), in which the animals graze, and a milking area (13), in which the animals are milked, wherein the milking area is accessible from each of the grazing paddocks and each of the grazing paddocks is accessible from the milking area via a sorting gate arrangement (17a, 17c). According to the method, each of a plurality of animals which have grazed in the grazing paddocks is identified (21) and milked (22) in the milking area. A nutritional need and/or a milk production capacity of each of the animals which have been identified and milked is/are established (23). Finally, each of the animals is automatically guided (24) by the sorting gate arrangement, subsequent to the milking of the animal, to enter a selected one of the grazing paddocks depending on the nutritional need and/or the milk production capacity of the animal.

Abstract: A method for milking is provided in a milking system which includes a milking machine having a plurality of teat cups, which teat cups are attached to, and detached from, teats of animals as part of the milkings of the animals. The method determines whether an animal, which presents itself at the milking system, has a regular milking permission and when the animal has a regular milking permission the animal is milked in a regular milking procedure.

Abstract: An arrangement for positioning at least two milking animals in at least two milking stalls allows the animals to stand in an inclined position such that a longitudinal axis of the animals forms an angle of 10°-80° to a vertical plane (6) of a front barrier (5) of the milking stalls. The arrangement includes a power member (22) and motion transmission mechanism adapted to transfer an activating motion from the power member to individual front positioning elements (10) in the milking stalls such that the individual front positioning element in each milking stall comes in contact with a front portion of the animal and acts with a resilient force on the animal in a manner such that the animal steps backwards to a desired milking position in which the rear part of the animal is in contact with a second rear positioning element (9).

Abstract: The invention provides a system for connecting a teat cup to a teat, and a teat cup of this type. A teat cup of this type includes an optical sensor which looks from the inside outwards through the opening of the teat cup. An image of, for example, a teat can thus be produced, and said image can be used very simply to assist a robot arm in guiding the teat cup to the teat.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cleaning system for milking cups, said cleaning system comprising a dispensing device into which at least two different cleaning fluids can be introduced inside the milking cup, in such a way as to enable an efficient intermediate disinfection between individual milking processes.

Abstract: A hammock for a pet such as a cat is provided and includes a pair of scissor legs, a second pair of scissor legs, and a pair of rails, each rail extending between, and connected to, a leg of the one pair of the scissor legs and to a leg on the other pair of scissor legs. The hammock also includes a textile sheet, the textile sheet being supported by the pairs of scissor legs, whereupon the hammock is foldable in a fold-up movement that brings the sides of the textile sheet toward one another and thereby collapses the textile sheet and unfoldable in a spread apart movement that spreads the sides of the textile sheet apart from another. The hammock further includes a rod and spoke assembly interconnecting the pair of rails to one another and operating to resist a fold-up movement of the hammock.

Abstract: A self-cleaning litter box (50) provides various advantages over the prior art. In particular, in one embodiment, the self-cleaning litter box (50) is configured to use a one piece litter cartridge (20) having a litter compartment (26) and a waste compartment 24. In another embodiment, the cartridge (20) is non-compartmentalized. In another embodiment, the system includes a rake assembly (56) configured with a drive assembly (58) that is protected from waste contamination. In accordance with the invention, the self-cleaning litter box (50) is configured to be used with all types of litter including crystal type litter.

Abstract: A self-cleaning litter box (50) provides various advantages over the prior art. In particular, in one embodiment, the self-cleaning litter box (50) is configured to use a one piece litter cartridge (20) having a litter compartment (26) and a waste compartment 24. In another embodiment, the cartridge (20) is non-compartmentalized. In another embodiment, the system includes a rake assembly (56) configured with a drive assembly (58) that is protected from waste contamination. In accordance with the invention, the self-cleaning litter box (50) is configured to be used with all types of litter including crystal type litter.

Abstract: A self-cleaning litter box (50) provides various advantages over the prior art. In particular, in one embodiment, the self-cleaning litter box (50) is configured to use a one piece litter cartridge (20) having a litter compartment (26) and a waste compartment 24. In another embodiment, the cartridge (20) is non-compartmentalized. In another embodiment, the system includes a rake assembly (56) configured with a drive assembly (58) that is protected from waste contamination. In accordance with the invention, the self-cleaning litter box (50) is configured to be used with all types of litter including crystal type litter.

Abstract: An aquarium combined with cat furniture comprising an aquarium full of water that is used to house aquatic animals and is supported on a platform, which is an integral part of cat furniture. The cat furniture is covered in carpeting or similar material. The cat furniture functions as both a platform to support the aquarium and to provide artificial cat habitat to facilitate such functional cat behaviors as climbing, clawing, hiding, stalking and sleeping. There can be a removable hood placed on top of the aquarium that is covered in similar material as the cat furniture and used as a perch for a cat. There can also be an air chamber display case submerged inside the aquarium that is in fluid communication with the atmosphere through a conduit that provides a passageway for a cat to travel from outside of the aquarium to the interior air chamber display case.

Abstract: A cubicle barn or the like for keeping livestock, in particular for cattle, having a grooved floor. Preferably U-profile members comprised of fracture-resistant rigid plastic or metal are introduced part-way into said grooves, wherein each U-profile member has a base for transporting the manure along said base, and side walls projecting in part above said concrete, and an anti-slip covering is provided filling the space above the concrete floor and between projecting side-walls of adjacent U-shaped profiles to form with the upper edges of said side walls a planar walking surface between said grooves. The grooves are thus less liable to break over time.

Abstract: These collars, leashes and harnesses are to be made of Hawaiian print fabrics with accessories attached. These Hawaiian prints include all designs such as surfing, floral, fisheries, fruits, tapa, ancient artistry, etc. These fabrics include all types such as cotton, rayon, quilted, heavy grade cotton canvas, etc. These accessories include any and all types such as flowers, fishes, pineapples, coconut trees, turtles, pearls, rhinestones, lace, etc.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device to be worn over the hand of an individual while walking an animal with a retractable leash or lead. The leash mitt includes a covering having a front end, a back end, a top end, a bottom end, an outside surface and an inside surface, wherein the covering defines a pocket to house the hand of an individual and a retractable leash or lead; a first opening at the bottom end, wherein the opening has a recloseable member and has a size between about 6 inches and about 10 inches, wherein the recloseable member closes a portion of the opening to thereby leaving a point of extrusion for the leash; and a second opening at the front end of the covering and defined by a lip having a size to receive the hand of the individual, wherein the lip has a securing means.

Abstract: The invention is directed to disposable rain gear for pets, and method of using same. The disposable rain gear is particularly appointed as a raincoat with/without a hood, and/or a hat/hood. The disposable rain gear generally includes a shell having a water resistant outer layer and being constructed to form a top segment, underside segment with a closure and a front segment with a collar closure. The underside closure and the collar closure each including fastener means. Preferably the fastener means may be comprised of hook and loop fasteners, a tongue and groove fastener mechanism, and/or an adhesive fastener mechanism involving a press and seal configuration. Advantageously, the disposable rain gear for pets provides rain gear that can be readily discarded when it becomes wet and/or soiled after use.

Abstract: A simple, small, light weight and economical device for catching and holding dog's waste before they fall on the ground. The device would be held on the dog's tail by a fastener with a simple clip mechanism. Two flexible retractable arms, in a shape of a trapeze with no base, are attached to the fastener enabling a simple adjustable folded diaper to be caught and be placed in the right position to catch and hold the dog's waste before they fall on the ground or grass. When not in use the device might be fold and become compact and easy to carry.

Abstract: A heat exchanger A1 includes: a case 2 surrounding a heat transfer tube 4; and a guide member 5 for guiding heating gas entering the case 2 through an intake vent 21 to a first space region 24A and then to a second space region 24B, the guide member 5, together with a wall portion 20b, defining therebetween a gap 25b in communication with a gap 25a between the wall portion 20b and the heat transfer tube 4 for allowing part of the heating gas having been guided to the first space region 24A to proceed into the second space region 24B through the gaps 25a and 25b. This arrangement performs efficient heat recovery from the heating gas by effectively utilizing the entire heat transfer tube 4 while alleviating a problem that the case 2 is partially heated to elevated temperatures.

Abstract: Proposed is a multi-part cooled piston (1) for an internal combustion engine, which piston (1) is composed of an upper piston part (2) and a lower piston part (6). The upper piston part (2) forms an inner annular cooling duct (11) with the lower piston part (6), which cooling duct (11) is covered by an upper region (31) of the lower piston part (6). The region (31) is of thin-walled design in such a way that it can be deformed in the manner of a plate spring.

Abstract: A self-propelled, low-emission vehicle includes an internal combustion engine, a vehicle cooling assembly, and an engine exhaust assembly disposed within an engine compartment. The vehicle cooling assembly includes an enclosure and a powered fan to vent the enclosure by drawing a stream of cooling air therethrough. The engine exhaust assembly carries exhaust gas through exhaust lines from the engine, which is disposed outside of the enclosure, through an exhaust treatment device, which is disposed inside of the enclosure, and out to the environment. A fan shroud assembly defines an outlet margin of the enclosure and includes a shroud body defining a pair of passageways through which the exhaust lines pass. The fan shroud assembly includes an insulated connection assembly disposed adjacent each passageway to provide sealing connection between the respective exhaust line and the shroud body while prohibiting direct contact between the respective exhaust line and the shroud body.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an engine for a vehicle, particularly a breather structure in an engine for a vehicle provided with a V-belt type continuously variable transmission. The engine includes a crankcase having a crank chamber and a gear transmission chamber, and a V-belt transmission case housing the V-belt type continuously variable transmission, the V-belt transmission case being fastened to an attachment surface on one side of the crankcase in the crankshaft direction. A breather chamber is formed in a mating part between the attachment surface of the crankcase and an attached surface of the V-belt transmission case. This breather chamber separates the air containing oil mist in the crankcase into a gas component and an oil component, discharges the gas component to the exterior of the crankcase, and returns the oil component to the interior of the transmission chamber.

Abstract: A valve train for an internal combustion engine includes a camshaft, a valve-operating cam for operating an engine valve, and a link mechanism for swinging the valve-operating cam. The valve train also includes a holder member operable to turn around the camshaft, and a drive mechanism operable to turn the holder member for varying positions of the link mechanism. The drive mechanism includes a ball screw provided perpendicularly to the camshaft, a slider threadably engaged with the ball screw, an arm member swingably attached to the slider, and a connecting bolt having one end secured to an arm-connecting portion of the arm member, and the other end secured to the holder member. In such movable valve train for an internal combustion engine, the holder member and the drive mechanism are connected to each other with a small and lightweight configuration, requiring a minimal number of parts.

Abstract: An upper cylinder head (UCH) housing for use with a vehicle engine is provided. The UCH housing includes a cover body and a variable cam timing (VCT) valve body integrally formed with the cover body. The VCT valve body is configured to at least partially cover a VCT valve assembly coupled to the vehicle engine. The UCH housing further includes a plurality of cam caps integrally formed with the cover body. The plurality of cam caps is configured to receive at least a portion of a cam shaft for securing the cam shaft to a cylinder head.

Abstract: An engine control apparatus is provided that controls an engine which is restarted using an AC motor. The engine control apparatus comprises an engine rotational direction determining section, a restart command determining section and an engine restart prohibiting section. The engine rotational direction determining section is configured to determine a rotational direction of the engine. The restart command determining section is configured to determine if a restart command occurred while a rotational speed of the engine is decreasing due to an idle stop command. The engine restart prohibiting section is configured to selectively prohibit the engine from being restarted by the AC motor in response to the restart command upon determining the engine is rotating backward.

Abstract: An air-intake duct, which is disposed between an air outlet of an air cleaner box constituting an air cleaner and an air inlet of a throttle body constituting a throttle device, is configured to guide air cleaned by the air cleaner to the throttle device. The air-intake duct includes a tubular coupling member including an upstream coupling portion coupled in an air tight manner to the air outlet of the air cleaner box and a downstream coupling portion air-tightly coupled to the air inlet of the throttle body, the coupling member being entirely formed of an elastic rubber material. The air-intake duct also includes an air guide member including a first air inlet configured to take in air therethrough from inside the air cleaner box, a first air outlet configured to discharge the air therethrough toward the throttle body, and a fitting portion fitted to the coupling member.

Abstract: An electric vehicle and a range extender engine are shown including the controls to operate the same.

Abstract: An engine valve according to the present teaching has a hot-forged head portion having an oxidized surface layer at a radially outer peripheral surface. The oxidized surface layer is formed during hot-forging of the head portion.

Abstract: A mass balancing device (1a, 1b) for a reciprocating piston internal combustion engine is provided, having a first balancing shaft (2a, 2b) and a second balancing shaft (3a, 3b) disposed in the first balancing shaft coaxially thereto. The first balancing shaft (2a, 2b) has at least one bearing point (6a, 7a, 6b, 7b) for a first rolling bearing (16) and the second balancing shaft (3a, 3b) has at least one bearing point (8a, 9a, 8b, 9b) for a second rolling bearing (17). The rolling bearings radially support the balancing shafts in the reciprocating piston internal combustion engine. At least one of the bearing locations is designed as a hollow cylinder having an outer shell surface serving as the bearing seat for the first rolling bearing and an inner shell surface serving as the bearing seat for the second rolling bearing, such that the first rolling bearing and the second rolling bearing overlap one another axially.

Abstract: Spray material for thermally coating a substrate, a thermal spray layer, and a cylinder for a reciprocating piston combustion engine coated with the thermal spray layer. The spray material includes a solid lubricant of ZnO. A volume fraction of ZnO in the spray material lies in a range from 0.1% to 15% of the volume of the spray material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an inlay part (10, 110) for a piston of an internal combustion engine, wherein the piston has a piston head (21, 121) which is provided with a piston crown (22) which has a combustion depression (23), with an encircling fire land (24) and with an encircling ring part and with an encircling cooling duct (12) which is arranged at the level of the ring part. It is provided according to the invention that the inlay part (10, 11) is formed as a single-piece component which has an encircling cooling duct (12), a ring carrier region (11) and a depression region (13, 113) for a depression edge reinforcement. The present invention also relates to a piston or piston head (21, 121) provided with such an inlay part (10, 110).

Abstract: A piston/piston ring arrangement for an internal combustion engine has a piston that is provided with at least one piston ring accommodated in a ring groove, which ring has a ring gap. A spring element is disposed between the groove root of the ring groove and the piston ring, which element fills the ring gap of the piston ring. A modular unit is composed of such a piston/piston ring arrangement and a cylinder or a cylinder sleeve of an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: An engine case includes: a crank chamber (2R) of an engine (1); a clutch chamber (30R) having a wet clutch (30) connected to an output shaft (2) protruding from the crank chamber (2R); a partition wall (10) keeping the crank and clutch chambers separated and connecting the crank and clutch chambers; an oil inlet (11) for introducing engine oil; an oil feeding passage (11R) which is configured to allow the engine oil introduced from the oil inlet (11) to first enter the clutch chamber (30R) separated by the partition wall (10); and an inflow part (10h) which is formed in the partition wall (10) and configured to allow an excess amount of the introduced engine oil over a predetermined amount to flow into the crank chamber (2R).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a modified valve cover comprising: a top surface area; a plurality grooves over the top surface area; and a means to secure an ignition wire in each groove. The grooves extend vertically and horizontally across the top surface. The means to secure may include a clasping lip along each edge of each groove. In one particular embodiment, the valve cover is manufactured of aluminum. The width of each groove may be one of 6 mm, 7 mm and 8 mm in width. In one exemplary embodiment, the modified valve cover further comprises a cover that attaches to the valve cover and covers the ignition wires within the grooves.

Abstract: A rotary engine is described including: (1) a rotor eccentrically located within a housing, the rotor configured with a plurality of rotor vane slots; (2) a first vane of a set of vanes separating an interior space between the rotor and the housing into at least a trailing chamber and a leading chamber, where the first vane slidingly engages a rotor vane slot; (3) a first conduit within the rotor configured to communicate a first flow between the trailing chamber and the rotor vane slot; and (4) a second conduit within the rotor configured to communicate a second flow between the trailing chamber and the first conduit. Optionally, a vane seal is affixed to the first vane or the rotor, where the vane seal is configured to valve the first conduit or a vane conduit, respectively.

Abstract: A rotary engine is described including: (1) a rotor located within a housing, the rotor configured with a plurality of rotor vane slots; (2) a vane separating an interior space between the rotor and the housing into at least a trailing chamber and a leading chamber, where the vane slidingly engages a rotor vane slot; (3) a first conduit within the rotor configured to communicate a first flow between the trailing chamber and the rotor vane slot; and (4) a lower trailing vane seal affixed to the vane, the lower trailing vane seal configured to valve the first conduit with rotation of the rotor. Optionally, a second conduit within the rotor is configured to communicate a second flow between the trailing chamber and the first conduit. Optionally, movement of the vane valves one or more additional fuel flow paths as a function of rotation of the rotor.

Abstract: A control apparatus for a direct injection type engine is provided for reducing an amount of fuel that adheres to and that remains on a crown surface of a piston so as to suppress the increase of Number of particles as well as advancing the first injection as much as possible when plural fuel injections are carried out in one cycle in the direct injection type engine. The first injection timing is set based on a pulse width of at least the first injection among each of injections split plural times, and when the pulse width of the split first injection is short, the injection timing of the first injection is more advanced as compared with a case of a longer pulse width of the split first injection.

Abstract: A compression-release brake system for operating an exhaust valve of an engine during an engine braking operation. The compression-release brake system comprises a self-contained compression brake control module (CBCM) operatively coupled to the exhaust valve for controlling a lift and a phase angle thereof and a source of a pressurized hydraulic fluid. The CBCM includes a casing defining piston and actuator cavities, a slave piston mounted within the piston cavity, a check valve provided between a supply conduit and a slave piston chamber and a compression brake actuator disposed in the actuator cavity. The compression brake actuator includes an actuator element and a biasing spring. The actuator element selectively engages the check valve when deactivated so as to unlock the slave piston chamber, and disengages from the check valve when activated so as to lock the slave piston chamber. The actuator element is exposed to atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for preventing sudden acceleration of an automobile that is installed in a power transmission structure disposed between a throttle valve and a motor for the throttle valve in the automobile, such that if the motor is activated by an electrical error at a state where an accelerator pedal is not depressed by a driver, the power generated from the motor is not transmitted to the throttle valve. The device for preventing sudden acceleration of an automobile fitted with an automatic transmission according to the present invention is configured wherein even though a motor opening and closing a throttle valve is activated by an electrical error at a state where an accelerator pedal is not depressed by a driver, the power generated from the motor is not transmitted mechanically to the throttle valve, thereby preventing casualty caused by sudden acceleration.

Abstract: A traction control system comprises a detector configured to detect a monitored spin value corresponding to a spin amount of a drive wheel in a vehicle; a condition determiner configured to determine whether or not the monitored spin value detected by the detector meets a driving power suppressing condition; and a controller configured to execute a traction control for reducing a driving power of the drive wheel based on the determination; the condition determiner being configured to set the driving power suppressing condition variably based on at least one of a variable parameter relating to a rotation number difference which is variable according to a change rate of a rotation number difference between the drive wheel and a driven wheel, and a variable parameter relating to rotation of a drive system which is variable according to a rotation change rate of the drive system for driving the drive wheel.