Abstract: In a diesel engine including a fuel injection valve for injection of fuel into a combustion chamber to produce sprays in the chamber, an axis of the valve is deviated radially outwardly of an axis of a cylinder, so that the valve is positioned close to an inner periphery of the cylinder. Nozzle holes of the valve are grouped into two groups with respect to a line formed by connecting, in plan view, the axis of the valve with the axis of the cylinder. The sprays injected from the nozzle holes advance in a fan-like manner in the plan view and strike against the inner periphery of the cylinder on a side away from the valve.

Abstract: A direct injection bi-fuel system includes a first fuel subsystem, a second fuel subsystem, and a junction configured to receive first fuel from the first fuel subsystem when the system is operating in a first fuel consuming mode, and to receive second fuel from the second fuel subsystem when the system is operating in a second fuel consuming mode. A pump is configured to receive the fuel passing through the junction and pump the fuel to a high pressure rail of a combustion engine, and a purging unit is configured to purge the second fuel from the rail when the system is switched from the second fuel consuming mode to the first fuel consuming mode. The purging unit includes a piston and is configured to receive the second fuel on one side of the piston and the first fuel on the other side of the piston.

Abstract: In a fuel injection valve, it is intended to enhance valve-closing responsivity while maintaining durability (anti wear property) of a collision portion between a stationary core and a movable core and valve-opening responsivity. An annular end face 106A of the movable core 106 in the fuel injection valve is provided with a collision portion 106C that collides to a stationary core 107 when the movable core is magnetically attracted toward the stationary core side and a non-collision portion that keeps a fluid gap between both cores at an area of an outer side or an inner side from the collision portion. The annular end faces of the stationary core and the movable core are coated with platings 30, 31 having anti wear property, and at least one of the platings of the stationary core and the movable core is formed in such a manner that the thickness thereof at the collision portion 106C is to be thicker and the thickness thereof at the non-collision portion is to be thinner.

Abstract: Provided is a highly durable multi-layer piezoelectric element wherein an external electrode has less possibilities of being peeled off from a side face of a stacked body even when the element is continuously driven for a long period of time in a high electrical field under high pressure. In a multi-layer piezoelectric element (1), a void (2) is formed in a joining interface between a side face of a stacked body (7) wherein piezoelectric layers (3) and internal electrode layers (5) are alternately laminated and an external electrode (9) joined to the side face. Since stress generated in the joining interface between the side face of the stacked body (7) and the external electrode (9) during driving can be reduced by the void (2), there are less possibilities of having the external electrode (9) peeled off from the side face of the stacked body (7) even when the element is continuously driven for a long period of time.

Abstract: An injection control unit of a fuel is provided, which prevents generation of a nozzle deposit of a fuel injector. In a control unit of a fuel injector capable of controlling a lift height that is a distance between a valve body and a valve seat, after start of fuel injection and before end of the fuel injection, after the lift height is controlled to a first height, a period in which the lift height is controlled to a second height which is lower than the first height is provided for a predetermined period. According to such a configuration, when the lift height of the valve body is lowered to the second height after the fuel is injected at the first height, a fuel velocity in the vicinity of an inner wall of an injection port is increased due to an inertial force of the fuel and reduction in an opening area. By a fuel flow at a high velocity, a contamination substance adhering to a wall surface is washed away.

Abstract: In one form of variable compression ratio engine, a connecting rod of an internal combustion engine is coupled to the rod receiving crank shaft by an eccentric connecting rod bearing. Pivoting of an eccentric portion of the eccentric connecting rod bearing relative to the crank shaft pin by a compression ratio adjuster varies the compression ratio of the engine. Resistance is provided to the pivoting of the eccentric portion in the absence of a compression ratio adjustment force. Pivoting of the eccentric can be delayed until tension and compression forces in the connecting rod are at a reduced level. The compression ratio can be continuously varied over a range from low to high values within limits of the structural components of the system to allow greater control of the compression ratio.

Abstract: A four-pass carbon canister includes a cover sealingly coupled to an injection-molded housing having a first chamber, a second chamber fluidly coupled to the first chamber, a baffle fluidly coupled to the second chamber, and a third chamber fluidly coupled to the baffle. The three chambers are filled with carbon pellets to absorb carbon pellets provided to the carbon canister from the fuel tank. The carbon canister is periodically purged by drawing fresh air into the carbon canister, with the fresh air desorbing the hydrocarbons and then provided to and consumed in an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling a multiple cylinder internal combustion engine having an exhaust gas turbocharger with a compressor coupled to a turbine include redirecting substantially all intake airflow around the compressor and substantially all exhaust flow around the turbine when an engine operating parameter exceeds an associated threshold. In one embodiment, turbocharger boost is provided below an associated engine speed threshold with the turbocharger compressor and turbine bypassed at higher engine speeds such that the engine operates as a naturally aspirated engine.

Abstract: An exhaust gas recirculation device of an engine (10) of the invention comprises a first exhaust gas recirculation passage (50) for connecting an exhaust passage (40) and an intake passage (30) to each other and introducing into the intake passage an exhaust gas discharged from a combustion chamber (21) to the exhaust passage, and a second exhaust gas recirculation passage (55) for connecting the exhaust passage upstream of a part of the exhaust passage connected to the first exhaust gas recirculation passage and the intake passage downstream of a part of the intake passage connected to the first exhaust gas recirculation passage to each other and introducing into the intake passage the exhaust gas discharged from the combustion chamber to the exhaust passage.

Abstract: The invention concerns an assembly of a valve body (A) and a seal (11). The valve body (A) includes a gas flow passage (4) and a valve shutter (6) mobile between an open position and a closed position obstructing the movement of the gases in the passage (4). The passage (4) being intended to be connected to a pipe (B) to enable gas to flow between them, the seal (11) being intended to be mounted between the passage (4) and the pipe (B) to provide a gas seal between them. The assembly is characterized in that the seal (11) forms a seat for the valve shutter (6) in the closed position. The seal provides, on the one hand, a seal between the passage and the pipe whether the valve shutter is in the open or the closed position and, on the other hand, a seal for the valve shutter in the closed position.

Abstract: A locomotive two-stroke uniflow scavenged diesel engine system including an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system is described for reducing NOX emissions and achieving improved fuel economy by recirculating exhaust gas through the engine. This system generally includes a turbocharger adapted to draw and compress fresh air. An aftercooler is coupled to the turbocharger adapted to cool the compressed air. A two-stroke uniflow scavenged diesel engine having a power assembly provides combustion and produces exhaust therefrom. The engine has a positive pressure gradient between the power assembly intake ports and the exhaust manifold to maintain scavenging and mixing in the power assembly. An EGR system includes a flow regulating device and a cooler. The flow regulating device is adapted to direct a select portion of the exhaust gas to be recirculated and direct the majority portion of the exhaust gas to the turbocharger.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating an internal combustion engine, wherein air is inducted and then compressed, before introduction into a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, the air humidity of the inducted air is determined and temperature of the compressed air introduced into the combustion chamber is altered depending on the air humidity of the inducted air.

Abstract: The invention has an object to provide a device for determining activation of an exhaust gas sensor which accurately determines a time at which an exhaust gas sensor output is usable, and can suppress an adverse effect caused by use of the exhaust gas sensor output including a large effect of adsorbed species. A time is measured from a time point when a temperature of an air-fuel ratio sensor 48 reaches a predetermined temperature T1, while the air-fuel ratio sensor 48 is warmed up. When the time becomes a predetermined target holding time Te or more, the air-fuel ratio sensor 48 is determined as being in an activation state. The target holding time Te is preferably set at such a length that all adsorbed species adsorbed onto the air-fuel ratio sensor 48 are desorbed, and areas around a sensor element section 50 are completely replaced with an exhaust gas.

Abstract: A saw apparatus for sawing paving slabs has a frame mounted on a ground contacting propulsion member such that the frame may move above a slab to be cut. A saw support assembly has an engaged position and a removed position; the engaged position disposing a blade of a saw in cutting engagement with a top surface of a slab to be cut. The saw is mounted on the saw assembly and the saw assembly is mounted on the frame and the frame is mounted on the ground contact propulsion members such that no part of said frame need contact the slab during cutting.

Abstract: An inlaid stone composite broadly includes a body stone and an inlay stone secured within a groove of the body stone, with the inlaid stone composite presenting a finished layered edge surface, and with the surface having a longitudinally extending edge profile. The inlaid stone composite is manufactured using a stone machine tool that includes, among other things, powered assemblies for machining the groove, machining the profile, and for polishing the profile. The body stone and inlay stone are machined to close tolerances so that the stones include respective surfaces in abutting engagement with one another. The stones are further machined to limit chipping of the composite.

Abstract: A baking oven includes an oven housing which has a baking chamber for receiving a baking carriage, a heating device, a fan which generates a flow of a heating medium from the heating device into the baking chamber and back, and a steam system which is arranged in the baking chamber and comprises at least one metal heat storage body and a water supply device. The system described herein provides a baking oven of the type in question in such a way that the thermal energy is optimally used. The steam system is next to a steam heater, which is formed by at least one exhaust gas channel, which runs in a wall of the baking chamber and conducts the exhaust gas of a burner out of the oven housing.

Abstract: Disclosed is a heating cooker suitable for cooking fish, meat, or the like, and preventing smell or smoke from being released when the cooking chamber is opened. The disclosed heating cooker comprises an enclosed cooking chamber having at least one heating element contained in the enclosed cooking chamber and a ventilation chamber having an inlet passage and an outlet passage. The cooking chamber is connected to the cooking chamber via the inlet and outlet passages allowing air to circulate between the ventilation chamber and the cooking chamber. A fan and a spraying unit may be disposed in the ventilation chamber wherein the fan is operable to circulate air between the cooking chamber and the ventilation chamber, and the spraying unit is operable to spray water from a reservoir adjacent to the ventilation chamber to intercept smell or smoke contained in air in the ventilation chamber.

Abstract: An apparatus for cooking comprising a cooking cavity for receiving a food item and a burner positioned within a bottom portion of the cooking cavity for delivering a combustion gas in the cooking cavity which will flow upwardly to heat the vertically-extending interior surface of the cooking cavity. The upward flow of combustion gas within the heating cavity is operable for heating the vertically extending interior surface in a manner such that the food item positioned in the cooking cavity will be cooked at least predominantly by infrared radiation.

Abstract: A system (100) for directing incident sun light to a receiver (150) based on an integral imager (116) is disclosed. The system includes an imager (116) mounted to a reflector (112); a tracking controller (226) coupled to the imager; and one or more actuators (114) connected to the reflector and tracking controller. The tracking controller (226) is configured to receive and process image data from the imager (116); determine angular positions of a radiation source and target relative to the mirror normal vector (N) based on the image data; and orient the reflector with the axis bisecting the angular positions of the sun and receiver (150). When the optical axis of the imager is precisely aligned with the vector normal to the reflector, the source and target will be detected as antipodal spots (320, 330) with respect to the center of the imager's field of view, which may be used to effectively track the sun or like object.

Abstract: A torque arm assembly, used with a solar collector mounted to a drive shaft, comprises a torque arm with first and second ends and a torque arm coupling assembly including a drive shaft enclosure defining an open-ended channel sized to house the drive shaft. The channel has a circumferentially extending substantially continuous drive surface between the ends that lies adjacent to the drive shaft so the drive shaft and the drive shaft enclosure rotate together. In some examples, contiguous abutment structure, such as weld lines, shims and/or adhesive, connects each side of the drive shaft to the drive shaft enclosure. The invention may also be carried out as a connection improvement method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for collecting and utilizing energy generated by the sun, comprising a layered construction provided with a substrate layer and a cover layer comprising a curable mortar, wherein there is arranged on the substrate layer a tube system through which a fluid can be transported in order to regulate the temperature in the tube system, this tube system being at least partially embedded in the mortar, and wherein the mortar of the cover layer comprises insulating granules, cement, water and additives. The invention further relates to a method for manufacturing a layered construction for a device for collecting and utilizing energy generated by the sun.

Abstract: The inflatable solar energy collector includes an inflatable cell supported in a frame. The frame may be adjustable to maximize the angle of exposure for the inflatable cell. Each inflatable cell includes an outer, transparent bladder and an inner, blackened bladder. A central partition runs through both inner and outer bladders to be mounted to the frame. The central partition maintains the inflatable cell taut on the frame. Both bladders include at least one vent hole, and at least the inner bladder has openings for air inlet and air outlet to define and control flow of medium therein. When inflated, the medium inside the inner bladder heats up from solar energy, and the heated medium is passed on for use. The inflated outer bladder provides insulation for the inner bladder. A plurality of inflatable solar energy collectors may be arranged in an array.

Abstract: An apparatus for harnessing solar energy that generates heat from solar radiation, which can be used in various applications. The apparatus for harnessing solar energy comprises a telescope reflector that projects a collimated beam towards a heat accumulator, wherein heat may be generated and used or stored for later use.

Abstract: A solar receiver is provided, comprising a receiver housing extending along a longitudinal axis, having front and rear ends; a window configured to allow radiation to pass therethrough, the window being mounted at the front end and projecting within the housing; a receiver chamber defined between the housing and the window, the receiver chamber having a working fluid inlet for ingress of working fluid to be heated therewithin, and a working fluid outlet for egress therethrough of the heated working fluid; and a solar radiation absorber configured for absorbing the radiation and heating the working fluid thereby, the absorber being located within the receiver chamber and surrounding at least a portion of the window, the solar radiation absorber being formed with channels and made of a foam material, such as a ceramic or metallic foam material, having a characteristic average pore diameter.

Abstract: The evacuated solar panel (1) comprises a frame (2) containing a plurality of spacers (3) carrying a transparent wall (4). The transparent wall (4) with the frame (2) defines a closed chamber (6) containing the spacers (3), the light absorber (8) and a getter pump (15). The getter pump (15) comprises an envelope having selectively blackened outer surfaces (16) and including one or more non-evaporable getter NEG elements.

Abstract: A novel method of concentrating solar energy using wave generators is disclosed. The systems and methods enable the collection of energy over large area at high efficiencies and the concentrating of energy at a target for use and transfer.

Abstract: A frame for solar module to fix a solar panel within is disclosed. The frame for solar panel includes two first fastening members arranged at two opposite sides of the solar panel, two second fastening members arranged at another two opposite sides of the solar panel, and plural screws to screw the first fastening members and the second fastening members. Each first fastening member and each second fastening member includes a supporting portion for supporting the solar panel, a base portion, a connecting portion for connecting the supporting portion and the base portion, and a beam disposed between the supporting portion and the base portion.

Abstract: A spray package including: a container defining a cavity, the cavity having first and second compartments; a spray projection having an orifice in fluid communication with the first compartment; the container having an outlet in communication with the second compartment; a therapeutic liquid disposed in the first compartment and being discharged through the orifice upon application of a force to the container; and one or more tissues disposed in the second compartment, the one or more tissues being removable from the second compartment through the outlet.

Abstract: The present invention provides for an enhanced eductor element that significantly increases the amount of pressure generated at the siphon tube without significantly increasing the flow resistance through the eductor. The invention further provides for breath-actuated inhalation devices comprising the enhanced eductor element as an actuation mechanism.

Abstract: In various embodiments, the present invention provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and methods of administering such compositions to treat migraines.

Abstract: An anesthetic vaporizer and a method of control thereof includes measuring a composition of the carrier gas with a first sensor and measuring a composition of a combined gas with a second sensor, and using these values with a controller to operate a flow valve for the regulation of the flow of an anesthetic agent into the combined gas.

Abstract: A humidifier (14) for humidifying a flow of breathable gas to be delivered to a patient includes a chamber (16) configured to receive the flow of breathable gas; a tub (20) configured to contain a supply of water, the tub being configured to be inserted into the chamber; a lid (18) provided on the chamber and being movable between an open position and a closed position; and a seal (19) provided on the lid, the seal being configured to seal the chamber such that the flow of breathable gas pressurizes the chamber. The humidifier may be connectable to a flow generator (12) configured to generate the flow of breathable gas. A tube for delivering the humidified flow may be connected to the humidifier. The tube may be a heated or non-heated tube. A respiratory apparatus for delivering a flow of breathable gas to a patient may include the humidifier and the flow generator and/or the tube.

Abstract: An air delivery system includes an air flow generator to provide a pressurized flow of air, a patient interface to provide a seal with the patient's face in use, an air delivery conduit to interconnect the air flow generator and the patient interface, and a controllable vent valve to control venting from the patient interface. The vent valve is controlled to maintain a substantially constant air flow in the air delivery conduit and the air flow generator.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for operating a device that treats sleep disordered breathing (SDB) during successive treatment sessions, where the device provides continuous positive airway pressure during sleep. The method comprises the steps of applying a constant treatment pressure during a first session and deriving a sleep disorder index (SDI) representative of the number of SDB episodes that occurred during the first session. If the treatment pressure should be increased based upon the derived SDI, it is increased during a second, subsequent session.

Abstract: An isolation valve for a closed suction device has a body and a valve. The body has a communicating channel, a patient end connector, a breathing circuit connector and a suction tube connector. The communicating channel has a chamber and an opening. The patient end connector, the breathing circuit connector and the suction tube connector are radially formed on and protrude from the external surface of the communicating channel and communicate with the chamber of the communicating channel. The valve is rotatably connected to the body and has an isolation pipe and a control button. The isolation pipe is rotatably mounted in the chamber of the communicating channel via the opening and has a communicating hole, an inlet hole and a sucking hole.

Abstract: A gas inspiratory and expiratory device for a respiratory mask includes a tubular housing having top and bottom ends, an air chamber formed between the bottom and top ends, a vent hole for fluid communication of the air chamber with ambient atmosphere, and a passage hole for fluid communication of the air chamber with a CO2 measuring apparatus. The top end is open to permit fluid communication of the air chamber with an internal portion of the respiratory mask. An inner tube is disposed within the air chamber, and includes an air inlet end disposed at the bottom end of the tubular housing, and an air supply end extending externally of the top end of the tubular housing.

Abstract: A filtering face-piece respirator 10 that has a harness 14 and a mask body 12. The mask body 12 includes a support structure 16 and a filtering structure 18. The support structure 16 contains an auxetic mesh 20 that has been molded into an intended cup-shape configuration, and the filtering structure 18 contains a filtration layer 42 for removing contaminants from the ambient air. The use of an auxetic mesh 20 in the support structure 16 provides more uniformly-sized openings 26 in the mesh 20 and reduces opportunities for mesh overlapping and mesh distortion.

Abstract: A mask is revealed. The mask includes an upper construction surface and a lower construction surface, respectively disposed above and under a middle construction surface and having a main body that is arranged above and under a middle construction surface. The upper construction surface and/or the lower construction surface further include an extended part. The upper, lower and middle construction surfaces are folded to form a flat folded structure. In use, the upper and the lower construction surfaces are folded in opposite directions to form a 3D mask. The mask are formed of one construction surface or two construction surfaces or more construction surfaces. By the extended part, the mask is applied to users with various face shapes and sizes. Moreover, the air leakage is reduced and the filter efficiency is increased.

Abstract: A respiratory mask is provided having an outer shell coupled to a cushion for the delivery of a gas to a user. The cushion of the respiratory mask has at least one pleat disposed in the cushion in order to provide varying degrees of flexibility and support about the cushion.

Abstract: Various embodiments of respiratory patient interfaces that may be used to treat a variety of disorders involving upper airway obstruction, such as, without limitation, Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), obstructive sleep hypopnea, and upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS). A number of the embodiments employ a nasal pillow assembly including a frame that supports a nasal pillow sleeve and a clip that is slid over a flange of the fame to couple the nasal pillow sleeve to the frame.

Abstract: A wearable article made from a nonwoven fabric that includes a plurality of coated fibers. The coated fibers have an exterior surface and a coating composition on at least a portion of the exterior surface. The coating composition includes an aminofunctionalized silane and a dialdehyde, where the weight percent of the dialdehyde in the coating composition is greater than the weight percent of the silane in the coating composition. The wearable article can be a wrap, brace, support, compression hosiery, bandage or compress. When worn, the wearable article is initially flexible but becomes rigid and stiff when the coated fibers experience a sudden force or impact. The wearable article does not include a fluid.

Abstract: Systems and methods implant structures in, on, or near the floor of the mouth. The structures can be sized and configured to resist buckling of tissue structures in, on, or near the floor of the mouth in a cranial direction. The systems and methods can also be sized and configured, singly or in combination, for stabilizing a hyoid bone, and/or stabilizing a tongue, and/or suspending a tongue, and/or providing neuro-muscular stimulation of tissue structures in, on, or near the floor of the mouth.

Abstract: A snoring and obstructive sleep apnea prevention and treatment device has an oral device portion with a centrally disposed plate portion. The plate portion has a suction cup on its tongue facing side which helps hold it in place and to keep the tongue from moving back towards the throat, thus preventing snoring and sleep apnea. A hood portion fits around the tip of the tongue further preventing the tongue from sliding back into a user's throat. In one embodiment, an inflatable balloon portion is provided to prevent soft tissue from contacting portions of the tongue. In another embodiment, a plate is used in place of the balloons. Additionally, oxygen may be supplied to a posterior portion of the device. Dental adhesives such as denture adhesive may be used to further restrict movement.

Abstract: A two-part mandibular protrusion splint (1) for preventing at least one of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea. The mandibular protrusion splint (1) comprises both a lower part (2) and an upper part (3) and each part includes a shaping and flexurally rigid tray (2a, 3a) which is open, during use, towards the mandibula and the maxilla. Each tray comprises a thermoplastic filler material (4, 5) which can be shaped in a manner of a dental brace to fit the human maxilla and mandibula. Both the trays comprise one or more fixing knobs (5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b), on the respective outer sides thereof, for fastening to a protrusion holder (9). The protrusion holder (9) is rotatably fastened to a fixing knob (5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b), on each of the mandibular tray and the maxillar tray, for bring the mandibula into an anterior position.

Abstract: Medical lens assemblies and sterile drapes with a lens assembly are presented herein. In one embodiment, a lens assembly includes an annular lens housing that is attachable to a medical drape. The lens housing is configured to releasably attach to a medical device, such as a surgical microscope. An annular lens cover holder is removably attachable to the lens housing. A lens cover for shielding the objective lens is pivotably hinged to the lens cover holder. In another embodiment, a drape assembly includes a flexible body sized to cover an optical device. A lens housing attached to the drape body is engageable with the optical device to attach proximate to an objective lens thereof. A lens cover holder is removably attached to the lens housing to rotate about a first axis. A lens cover is mounted to the lens cover holder to pivot about a second, different axis.

Abstract: Mouthpiece retention systems and methods are shown and described. In one example, a mouthpiece includes a guard shaped to fit in a wearer's mouth and a magnet. In other examples, the mouthpiece includes a semi-rigid grip having a proximate end attached to the guard and a distal end securing the magnet. A method of releasably fastening the mouthpiece includes removing the mouthpiece from the wearer's mouth and positioning the magnet end of the mouthpiece on an athletic uniform to create a coupling position.

Abstract: The in-ear device is shaped to fit a wearer's ear morphology. The device includes a main body having at least three generally convex sides, an innermost face and an outermost face. A first side is shaped to fit the tragus of a wearer's ear, and a second side is shaped to fit an antitragus of a wearer's ear. At least three tips, generally rounded, join respective two adjacent sides. The main body is within an outer ear plane substantially perpendicular to an entrance of an ear canal of a wearer's ear.

Abstract: A shoulder immobilizer (20) includes a semi-rigid or rigid orthosis, in the form of an arm support (22), which supports the upper arm, elbow, forearm and wrist of a patient. A bolster (24) is positioned between the patient and the arm support (22). A body strap (26) extends around the patient and attaches to the arm support (22) and/or the bolster (24), holding the arm support and bolster in position against the body of the patient. In embodiments, the shoulder immobilizer (20) may utilize a shoulder strap (28), but such a shoulder strap is not necessary for shoulder immobilization of the patient.

Abstract: Percutaneous methods of forming a venous valve from autologous tissue are disclosed. The methods include percutaneously creating one or two subintimal dissections for forming one or two flaps of intimal tissue. In one method, a puncture element is delivered by a catheter based delivery system to a treatment site where a new venous valve is to be created. The puncture element is deployed to gain access to a subintimal layer of the vein wall. A dilation balloon is than positioned and inflated within the subintimal layer to create a flap and corresponding pocket/sinus in the vein, which than acts as a one-way monocuspid valve in the manner of a native venous valve. In a similar manner, methods of forming new bicuspid venous valves by subintimal dissections are also disclosed.

Abstract: The current invention is an apparatus to clean air around a smoke. It is made of a case with air inlets which work with input fans. The air flows through a lime water filter, a silica gel filter and cellulose cotton. The air also flows by an aromatic before going through an air outlet. The apparatus has a power source and an on/off switch connected to the fans. The apparatus can be power by numerous power sources and can be taken with the smoker if desired.