Abstract: The disclosure relates to an acoustic method and device for localized, contactless, measurement of elastic and dissipative non-linearities and dynamic non-linear viscoelasticity in a medium subjected to a low-frequency acoustic stress and probed by ultrasonic pulses or wave trains.

Abstract: An automatic sonic/ultrasonic data acquisition device that is constructed and arranged to be moved across the surface of a concrete structure, to collect data from the structure. There is a frame, a number of wheels carried by the frame, one or more sensors carried by a wheel and constructed and arranged to contact the structure as the wheels roll along a surface of the structure, and an energy source for initiating compressional and/or shear waves in the structure that are sensed by the sensors. The wheels rotate properly timed and in unison so that the pressure transducers are in contact with the surface when the sound waves are initiated.

Abstract: The structural health monitoring method of the present invention utilizes ultrasound to determine information about deformation, stress and/or damage in structural elements. The method propagates ultrasound through at least a portion of a material having fully-reversible nonlinear elasticity, receives the ultrasound which has been propagated through at least a portion of the material and determining information about the structural element from attenuation and/or time of flight of said received ultrasound.

Abstract: The patron restraint system for amusement rides includes a locking receiver with a locking assembly for engaging a restraining strap. The engagement of the restraining strap in the locking receiver can be verified by a ride operator by visual or physical inspection, or by a sensor system indicating the locked or unlocked state of the locking receiver. A latching ratchet mechanism may be provided in the receiver to restrict movement of the restraining strap until it is released by the ride operator. The sensor system includes an acoustic sensor that detects alignment of an aperture with a piezoelectric acoustic emitter and an acoustic detector.

Abstract: A capacitive sensor includes a substrate, at least one first electrode, at least one second electrode, a sensing device, at least one anchor base, at least one movable frame, and a plurality of spring members. The first and second electrodes are disposed on the substrate, and the anchor base surrounds the first and second electrodes and is disposed on the substrate. The movable frame surrounds the sensing device. Some of the spring members connect the movable frame and the sensing device, and the other spring members connect the movable frame and the anchor base. The sensing device and the first electrode are both sensing electrodes. The movable frame is disposed above the second electrode, and cooperates with the second electrode to act as a capacitive driver.

Abstract: The measuring method is for measuring a physical parameter by means of an electronic interface circuit (1) for a capacitive sensor (2) with at least two capacitors (C1X, C2X) whose common electrode (CM) is mobile between the fixed electrodes. The electronic circuit includes an amplifier (4) connected to the common electrode (CM) by a switching unit (3), a logic unit (5) connected to the amplifier for supplying first and second digital measuring signals, and a digital-analogue converter (7) for supplying a measurement voltage (VDAC) to the electrodes on the basis of a conversion of one of the digital signals.

Abstract: The present invention provides a structural deflection and load measuring device for mounting on an axle. The device includes at least one light beam emitting device connected to the axle and able to emit at least one light beam and at least one light position sensing device connected to the axle. The sensing device is located relative to the light beam emitting device for receiving at least one light beam from the light beam emitting device thereon and is operable to calculate the position of the light beam received on its surface.

Abstract: A well access line monitor. The monitor may be employed to directly interface and establish the current yield strength of a plastically deformable line such as coiled tubing or slickline. Such interfacing may take place in advance of, or during an application. Thus, the fitness of the line for the application may be established in real-time. Further, with comparison to a reference log of projected yield strength for the line over the course of multiple bend cycles, the remaining life of the line may also be established.

Abstract: A method for steadying an aircraft using jack props, in which: a number and location of the props to be used is determined as a function of an area of operation, on the basis of a prop map; strain gauges arranged on the structure of the aircraft are used; predetermined props that are to be used are fitted; the strains measured by at least one strain gauge situated in the operating zone are checked; and the load applied by at least one prop positioned in the operating zone is regulated according to the strains measured by the gauge and so as to minimize the strains. A steadying device can implement the method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an analysis apparatus 1 including a resistive body 2 through which a sample passes, and a flow rate sensor 53 for measuring a travel time of the sample at the resistive body 2. The flow rate sensor 53 is arranged at the halfway of discharging pipings 74 to 77 for discharging a liquid supplied to the resistive body 2. Preferably, the flow rate sensor 53 includes a tubular body through which a liquid or a gas passes, and a sensor unit with plural detecting areas for detecting an interface between the liquid and the air traveling in the tubular body.

Abstract: A flow meter for measurement of a metered fluid has a sensor element that receives a flow input of a metered fluid and outputs a flow output of the metered fluid, and a battery element. The sensor element has an inductor element and a magnetic element coupled to the inductor element. In response to movement of the magnetic element relative to the inductor element caused by a fluid pressure differential of the metered fluid, the inductive value of the inductor element changes.

Abstract: The measuring system comprises: A measuring transducer of vibration-type, through which medium flows during operation and which produces primary signals corresponding to parameters of the flowing medium; as well as a transmitter electronics electrically coupled with the measuring transducer for activating the measuring transducer and for evaluating primary signals delivered by the measuring transducer. The measuring transducer includes: At least one measuring tube for conveying flowing medium; at least one electro-mechanical, oscillation exciter for exciting and/or maintaining vibrations of the at least one measuring tube; as well as at least a first oscillation sensor for registering vibrations at least of the at least one measuring tube and for producing a first primary signal of the measuring transducer representing vibrations at least of the at least one measuring tube.

Abstract: A vortex flow meter includes a vortex responsive assembly having a diaphragm. The diaphragm seals a base end of the assembly to form an isolation chamber. The assembly is adapted to seal an opening in a sidewall of a flow passage. Support struts preferably protrude from the assembly into the flow passage. In one configuration, a vortex oscillation sensor plate has a proximate edge supported on the diaphragm and an opposite distal edge that is unsupported. The vortex oscillation sensor plate has upstream and downstream edges preferably supported by the support struts. A pivoting strut extends along a central region of the vortex oscillation sensor plate. The pivoting strut extends through the diaphragm. The pivoting strut transfers vortex oscillations to a sensor. An electronic transmitter circuit receives a sensor output and provides an output related to flow of the fluid.

Abstract: A Coriolis mass flowmeter having at least one measuring tube assembly (1) and at least one mounting assembly (2), wherein the mounting assembly (2) includes at least one bracket (3) mounted on the measuring tube assembly (1) and at least a part of an actuator assembly (4) and/or a sensor assembly (5) supported by the bracket (3) for oscillation generation and/or oscillation compilation so that measuring tube assembly (1) can be excited into oscillation in a reference oscillation plane (X-plane). The Coriolis mass flowmeter oscillation behavior is improved for increasing the quality of measurements by the center of gravity of the mounting assembly (2) being set in the reference oscillation plane.

Abstract: There is provided a Coriolis mass flowmeter. The flowmeter is configured to vibrate a pipe line through which a fluid flows and measure a mass flow rate of the fluid flowing through the pipe line, based on a phase difference between an upstream vibration signal and a downstream vibration signal, wherein the upstream vibration signal is detected in an upstream side of the pipe line, and the downstream vibration signal is detected in a downstream side of the pipe line.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the slip resistance of a wretch includes a base, at least one first threaded fastener, and at least one second threaded fastener. Both the first threaded fastener and the second threaded fastener are threaded into the base, wherein the roundness of the first threaded fastener and the roundness of the second threaded fastener are different.

Abstract: A testing system is used to testing a flip type electronic device having a main body, and a cover. The testing system includes a fixing structure, a flipping structure, a sensing device, a rotating mechanism, and a control device. The fixing structure positions the main body. The fixing structure flips the cover until a rotation degree of the cover and the main body reaches a threshold degree. The sensing device senses is pressed by the cover when the cover automatically rotates relative to the main body and generates electrical pressure signals according to the mount of pressure. The control device controls the rotating mechanism to drive the flipping structure to rotate and judges whether the flipping performance of the electronic device is normal according to the electrical pressure signals.

Abstract: A sampling device that contains a heated porous inlet and a transfer line. The device provides sample compounds present as vapor, liquid, or solid, in air, or on surfaces such as soil. The sample device can collect and deliver the sample to an analyzer in real time and can operate while in motion such as on a moving vehicle. The sampling device is especially useful to screen toxic and hazardous compounds that might be contaminating an inhabited area.

Abstract: The present invention is a biomedical assay device holder and a method for using the biomedical assay device holder. The biomedical assay device holder is used with a biomedical assay device, mounts in an assay device connector assembly and comprises a base and a changeable recess. The base mounts in the assay device connector assembly. The recess is varied to accommodate different biomedical assay devices and is formed in the assay device connector assembly of an opto-electronic assay device to convert a chromatographic or fluorescent result of the biomedical assay device to a numeral result.

Abstract: A fluid-powered rotary actuator having a body with a shaft disposed therein and having a linear-to-rotary torque transmitting member mounted for longitudinal movement within said body in response to the selective application of pressurized fluid thereto. The body includes a non-cylindrical cross-sectional shape body portion and a non-cylindrical cross-sectional shape piston head is in sliding engagement therewith and sized to engage the body portion to inhibit rotation of the piston head. In an alternative embodiment the body portion is cylindrical with an eccentric aperture to receive the shaft to inhibit rotation of the piston head.

Abstract: A reciprocating cutting tool including a motor housing, a gear box connected with the motor housing, a motor disposed in the motor housing and a reciprocating mechanism disposed in the gear box. The reciprocating mechanism includes a suspending rack and a reciprocating shaft driven by the motor. The reciprocating shaft is connected to the motor by a reduction gear and an eccentric shaft. The suspending rack comprises a top plate and a bottom plate, the reciprocating shaft movably connected to the bottom plate, and would not reciprocate beyond the top plate in a reciprocating direction. Due to the reciprocating shaft not being guided and restricted by the top plate of the suspending rack, the reciprocating shaft would not extend beyond the top plate during the reciprocating motion, The present invention decreases the height of the gear box greatly relative to prior tools, and thus the height of the reciprocating cutting tool is likewise decreased, thereby increasing its application ability.

Abstract: A bi-directional rotary actuator causing the output shaft thereof to output two or more kinds of bi-directional and rotational driving forces. A bi-directional rotary actuator includes a rotary solenoid (101) serving as a driving source, a link body (104) engaged with a shaft (132) such that a rotational force can be transmitted to the shaft, an output element (105) connected to the link body, and switching operation means (106) for selecting connection between the link body and the output element. Transmission of a rotational force between the link body and the output element can be appropriately switched to either gear drive performed by meshing of gears or link drive based on a link ratio, and this allows the actuator to output bi-directional rotary driving forces having two or three rotational angles. The switching described above is performed by movement, in the direction of the axis of the shaft, of the link body by utilizing the repulsive or attractive action of an electromagnetic force.

Abstract: A push-pull chain actuator (1) comprises a housing with a chain exit/entry opening (4) and a sprocket (2) arranged to engage a push-pull chain (3). The sprocket (2) causes the polygon effect. The actuator comprises a first chain guide part (10a) for guiding said push-pull chain (3) around the sprocket (2) and a second chain guide part (10b) for guiding said push-pull chain (3) at a correct angle between the chain exit/entry opening (4) and the sprocket (2). The second chain guide part (10b) is shaped as a meandering path to counteract the polygon effect. Alternatively, the second chain guide part (10b) can be shaped and dimensioned to reduce chain oscillations caused by the rollers (8c) engaging or disengaging the chain exit/entry opening (4) at the end of the second chain guide part (10b).

Abstract: A ball screw device includes a ball nut having a bore for receiving a screw shaft, and having a number of longitudinal channels and compartments for forming a zigzag shaped fluid flowing passage in the ball nut, a number of deflecting members engaged with the compartments of the ball nut and each having a recess for communicating adjacent channels with each other, the outer peripheral surfaces of the deflecting members are tilted relative to the ball nut for allowing the deflecting members to be expanded when the deflecting members are expanded, a cooling agent flows through the zigzag shaped fluid flowing passage for cooling the ball nut and for preventing the ball nut from being overheated.

Abstract: A method for producing an adjustment fitting, particularly for a vehicle seat is provided, whereby an outer wheel is associated with a first fitting part, the wheel having inner toothing, and having an inner wheel that can be associated with a second fitting part, the wheel having outer toothing, wherein the inner wheel having the outer toothing is inserted into the outer wheel having the inner toothing eccentrically to a rotational axis in the manner of a wobble mechanism, wherein partial eccentric elements are inserted rotatably with respect to each other in an eccentric receiving chamber formed between the rotational axis and the inner wheel so as to produce variable eccentricity, wherein a transmission element having an engagement element for actuating the partial eccentric element is inserted such that the engagement elements interacts with a catch of the partial eccentric element.

Abstract: This invention is revises the cap nut which the custom knows to suppose it to install trough's outline, will cause to install the dadoing to lead (lead angle to be small) lowly or on two above trundle ditch cap nut will not have the broken tooth's question, when will process should install the trough, only need use the face cutter then to process the forming, will reduce the production cost; And return circuit of this invention all establishes in the backflow part, therefore may promote and the cap nut supposes the backflow hole and the load way grade of fit, causes to roll the moving parts movement to be smoother, and reduces the noise production.

Abstract: A motion guide device includes a ball nut attached onto a shaft and having helical grooves for receiving ball bearing elements, a ball circulating member is engaged with the ball nut and includes a ball circulating channel communicative with the helical groove of the ball nut, and includes an intermediate segment and two end segments, a ball coupler includes two flexible coupling members for engaging with the ball bearing elements, and the ball circulating member includes two opposite guide pathways for receiving the flexible coupling members of the ball coupler, and curved relative to the ball circulating member for an angle ranged between 160-220 or 175-185 degrees, such as 180 degrees for smoothly guiding the flexible coupling members to move through the ball circulating member.

Abstract: In a wave gear device (1), radial deflection of a flexible external gear (3) is set at 2?mn (?>1) which is larger than a normal deflection of 2mn (?=1), and the tooth depth of both gears (2, 3) is set larger than a standard tooth depth (in case of ?=1). Meshing movement locus of both gears (2, 3) is approximated by a rack in case of ?>1, and using similarity-transformation curves (AC, AD) obtained by similarly enlarging a curve (AB) on the unmeshing side at the post-stage of meshing from the vertex (deepest meshing position) (A) of the movement locus (M), the dedendum tooth profile portion (21) of a rigid internal gear (2) and the addendum tooth profile portion (31) of the flexible external gear (3) are defined and then both gears (2, 3) are brought into continuous contact.

Abstract: A wafer transfer apparatus includes a main body, a wafer carrier, a linkage and a shielding mechanism. The linkage includes a first connecting rod and a pair of second connecting rods. The wafer carrier connects with a first side of the first connecting rod. A first terminal of each second connecting rod pivotedly connects with two ends of the first connecting rod. The shielding mechanism on the first connecting rod includes a shielding part and two fixing parts. The shielding part is configured at the first side of the first connecting rod for shielding a pivot joint between the first connecting rod and each second connecting rod. The fixing parts connect with both sides of the shielding part, and are respectively configured at a second and a third sides of the first connecting rod so as to fix the shielding part at the first side of the first connecting rod.

Abstract: Vessel provided with a mechanism having a first arm which is positioned thereon, and a second arm having a movable extremity distant from the first arm, wherein said first arm and said second arm are connected to each other with at least one link having hinges on opposite sides of said at least one link that connect said link or links to the first arm and second arm respectively, and wherein the length of the second arm is selected so as to arrange that when the hinges on the opposite sides of said links are at the same level, the movable extremity of the second arm is level with a predetermined position within the vessel.

Abstract: A method is provided for improving shift quality in an automatic transmission. In many automatic transmissions, the shift quality during lift foot upshifts is unsatisfying. Generally, two types of complaints concerning shift quality are known: harsh feel right after the shift order and bump at the synchronization of the shift. In order to provide an automatic transmission which overcomes these two problems, a first and a second positive torque requests are initiated on upshift coasts. This measure improves the global shift feel by controlling the engine toque level at shift order and at synchronization: the engine torque level at the beginning of the gear shift is smoothly decreased to reduce the initial bump and is controlled at the synchronization to reduce the amplitude of underlap when the clutch capacity is rising.

Abstract: A robot arm assembly includes a support member, a first rotating member rotatably connected to the support member, a second rotating member rotatably connected to the first rotating member, and a driving mechanism to drive the first rotating member. The driving mechanism includes a gear transmission mechanism directly coupled to the first rotating member, a driver mounted on the support member and provided with an output shaft coupled to the gear transmission mechanism, and a support mechanism supporting the gear transmission mechanism.

Abstract: An industrial robot includes a first rotation assembly, a second rotation assembly, and a cable assembly. The first rotation assembly includes a holding seat, a first rotation shaft rotatably positioned in the holding seat, and a first driver driving the first rotation shaft to rotate. The second rotation assembly includes a fixing seat. The cable assembly is received in the first rotation assembly and the second rotation assembly. The fixing seat includes a main body and a retaining portion extending from one end of the main body, and the main body of the fixing seat is positioned on the holding seat and fixed with the first rotation shaft of the first rotation assembly. The main body of the fixing seat defines a passing slot to receive the cable assembly and a passing hole communicating with the passing slot through which the cable assembly passes.

Abstract: An industrial robot adapted for a harsh environment involving exposure to salt water. A robot arm includes a plurality of arm parts movable relative each other about a plurality of joints. Electrical motors move the arm parts. A salt water proof coating on at least a portion of an exterior of the robot arm parts.

Abstract: A robot arm assembly includes a support arm, a lower arm rotatably connected to the support arm, an upper arm rotatably connected to the lower arm, a first driver for driving the lower arm, a first transmission transferring power from the first driver to the lower arm, a second driver for driving the upper arm, and a second transmission transferring power from the second driver to the upper arm. The first and second drivers are mounted on the support arm. The second transmission includes a belt assembly, a beveled gear assembly driven by the belt assembly, and a speed reducer coupled to the upper arm.

Abstract: A parallel robot includes a base, a movable platform, a first kinematic chain and a second kinematic chain. The first and the second kinematic chains are connected to the fixed platform and the movable platform respectively, and move on the same plane. Each of the first and second kinematic chains includes a linear driving mechanism mounted on the base and a parallel four-bar linkage driven by the linear driving mechanism and hinged on the movable platform.

Abstract: A robot utilizing joint seals includes a first arm, a second arm, and a first seal member. The first arm has a first resisting portion. The second arm is joined with the first arm, and the second arm has a second resisting portion corresponding to the first resisting portion of the first arm. The first seal member is positioned between the first resisting portion and the second resisting portion; and the first seal member has surfaces contacting both the first resisting portion and the second resisting portion. The first seal member is of the same size and shape as the first resisting portion and the second resisting portion.

Abstract: A robot arm assembly includes a first joint, a second joint and a flange. The second joint is rotatably connected to the first joint. The flange is fixed on the second joint. The first joint includes a rotary connecting portion located on an end of the first joint and a limiting portion adjacent to the rotary connecting portion. The flange defines a through hole in a middle portion of the flange and an open ring groove around the through hole. A curve of the open ring groove is less than 360°. The rotary connecting portion passes through and is received in the through hole. The limiting portion slides in the open ring groove.

Abstract: A bicycle gear shift operating device is a device configured to be mounted to a handlebar. The bicycle gear shift operating device includes at least one operating lever, a support member that supports the operating member and a mounting member that supports the support member on a handlebar. The mounting member has a mounting portion configured to be attached to the handlebar and a fastening portion that is configured to fasten the support member. The mounting member is configured to be selectively fasten the support member in either a first mounting orientation in which the fastening portion is offset in a first axial direction of the handlebar from the middle portion or a second mounting orientation in which the support member is offset in a second axial direction that is opposite the first axial direction.

Abstract: A strain relief for a cable and its method are provided. A strain relief for a cable, includes: a first member including: a main body having an opening for receiving a cable and a locking member, and a second complementary member including: a main body having an opening for receiving the cable; and at least one flexible finger having a finger body extending from the main body of the second complementary member, an inner barb formed at an inner end of the finger body for engaging into the outer jacket of the cable upon insertion of the complementary second member into the main body of the first member, and an outer barb formed at an outer end of the finger body for snapping into the locking member.

Abstract: An all terrain vehicle parking brake for after market installation on an ATV, UTV, RUV or MUV that relies on placing the vehicle shift lever in a park position to hold the vehicle on a hill. The parking brake includes a brake handle that is mounted to the vehicle dash board to pivot between brake engaged and disengaged positions, extending and retracting a linkage that connects and disconnects through a straight sleeve, with the linkage connecting to a rod end bearing that connected to a brake pedal arm, depressing the brake pedal when an operator activates the parking brake.

Abstract: Disclosed is a safety device on a steering handle, capable of controlling a direction-control wheel of a wheeled vehicle. The handlebar is engaged with the head part by its mortise with a tenon of the head part. When an outer bar end of the handlebar is hit, an inner tube of the handlebar will be pushed to disengage the mortise and the tenon to rotate the handlebar along. Alternatively, paired washers with wedge-shaped teeth can be utilized to engage the handlebar with the head part. When the outer bar end is hit, the washers are disengaged to allow the handlebar to rotate. Moreover, a hydraulic system or an inserting rod with a chassis groove system can be employed to maintain the original direction of the direction-control wheel when the handlebar is hit. Therefore, a sudden turn of the direction-control wheel and an fall-over of the rider and the vehicle can be prevented.

Abstract: A foot cradle apparatus of a muscle training device is provided, having a foot cradle with a tread and a side wall at least partially limiting the tread, and a fixation unit for fixing a human foot in the foot cradle. A foot fixation unit that is simple to handle and has small dimensions and a low weight is created in that the fixation unit is formed as a lockable, pivotable bracket, whose pivot bearing has a pivot axis oriented substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the foot cradle and is provided in a compact bearing unit which is connected fixedly at least indirectly to the foot cradle and which is attached to an inner side wall, close to the inner side of a patient's foot, of the foot cradle and is connected fixedly to the tread via the inner side wall.

Abstract: A combined power transmission and drive unit for use in hybrid systems between a first engine and a transmission device, broadly including at least an input connectable with the engine, a power transmission device by which the output is connected with a transmission input shaft, a device for selectively at least interrupting/establishing the power flow to the input of the power transmission device and an electric machine including at least one rotor that is connected non-rotatably with the input of the power transmission device. Furthermore, the invention relates to a hybrid system, including a first engine and a combined power transmission and drive unit connected downstream of the engine.

Abstract: A double-clutch transmission (DCT) includes, but is not limited to an inner input shaft inside an outer input shaft. A first clutch disc and a second clutch disc of the DCT are connected to the two input shafts respectively. Pinions are fixed onto three parallel layshafts of the DCT respectively. The gearwheels on the layshafts include, but are not limited to seven gearwheel groups. Each of the gearwheel group includes, but is not limited to a fixed gearwheel that meshes with an idler gearwheel. A fourth fixed gearwheel on the outer input shaft meshes with the fourth gear idler gearwheel and the sixth gear idler gearwheel. In particular, a fifth fixed gearwheel on the inner input shaft meshes with a fifth gear idler gearwheel and the seventh gear idler gearwheel. The gearwheels further includes, but is not limited to a reverse gearwheel group that includes, but is not limited to a fixed gearwheel on one of the input shafts, meshing with a reverse gear idler gearwheelon one of the layshafts.

Abstract: A method of producing foamed slag in an arc furnace by measured blowing of a carbon carrier by means of an oxygen carrier into the boundary layer between the slag and molten metal layers or into zones of the slag or molten metal layer adjacent to the boundary layer in an amount such that arc are enveloped at least by a foamed slag layer.

Abstract: A brazing composition for the brazing of superalloys including a base material with at least one initial phase is provided. The initial phase has a solidus temperature that is below the solidus temperature of the base material and, above a certain temperature, forms with the base material and/or with at least one further initial phase at least one resultant phase, the solidus temperature of which is higher that the solidus temperature of the initial phases. Heat treatment takes place in two stages, wherein the temperature of the second heat treatment is preferably 800-1200° C. The brazing composition may likewise be of the type MCrAlX, and the power particles of the initial phase may be in the form of nanoparticles.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of manufacturing a metal flake, including the steps of: applying metal ink containing an organic metal compound onto a substrate; calcining the metal ink applied on the substrate to form a thin metal film; separating the formed thin metal film from the substrate; and pulverizing the separated thin metal film. The method of manufacturing a metal flake is characterized in that the thickness and size of metal flakes can be easily adjusted, metal flakes having excellent conductivity and gloss can be obtained, and metal flakes can be mass-produced using environmentally friendly and economical methods.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating a furnace, wherein a starting material comprising at least one metal element is molten, wherein the starting material is heated by at least one burner that is operated with a fuel volume flow of a fuel and an oxidant volume flow of an oxidant. An exhaust gas temperature of the furnace is monitored in an exhaust gas line at least at one measuring point downstream of a post combustion zone, wherein in a standard operational state a target fuel volume stream and a target oxidant volume stream is fed to the burner, wherein a change of the exhaust gas temperature is recorded at predetermined time frequencies and is compared to a predetermined threshold value.

Abstract: Burner assembly for use in industrial heating and melting applications of material susceptible to oxidation at elevated temperatures is comprised of a flow passage of oxidant surrounded by an annular flow passage of fuel whereby the oxidant is substantially contained inside the fuel layer up to at least 5 oxidant nozzle diameters downstream of the burner outlet in order to minimize contact between the oxidant and the furnace load.