Abstract: A lighting control desk includes a housing with a cavity provided within the housing and a control surface. The control surface includes digital displays, encoders, faders, pushbutton switches and a keyboard to assist in controlling different aspects of the light fixtures that are communicably coupled to the lighting control desk. A multitude of light-emitting visual indicators are positioned around one or more of the encoders. The visual indicators provide a visual indication of the color, hue, color saturation, or color intensity of the light fixtures being controlled by that particular encoder as well as the changes that will be effected to the color, hue, color saturation, or color intensity based on how the user may adjust the encoder. One or more light emitting diodes positioned in the cavity are optically coupled to each visual indicator to generate the color of light to be emitted through that particular visual indicator.

Abstract: A light-emitting device capable of generating omnidirectional light utilizing a reflector is disclosed. The light-emitting device, in one aspect, includes a light emitting diode (“LED”) package, a light reflector, and a shell. The LED package, which is mounted on a plate, generates a forward light cone by converting electrical energy to optical energy. The light reflector can be formed with various different shapes that can be placed adjacent to the LED package. A function of the light reflector is to redistribute at least a portion of the forward light cone whereby the overall light illuminated by the light-emitting device complies with LM79 specifications. The shell is used to enclose the LED package and the light reflector and configured to illuminate light in omnidirectional radiation in response to the forward light cone.

Abstract: A method is provided for controlling a position of an electric dc brush motor (22, 24) including the steps of supplying drive current (104) to drive the electric motor and calculating (70, 108) a coast constant for the motor. Current through the motor is monitored (80) and motor speed (66) is determined in response to monitored motor current. Electrical current to the motor is interrupted (50) in response to the calculated coast constant (70, 106) and motor speed when it is desired to stop the electric motor so that a brush of the motor will come to rest at a location on a commutator segment of the motor (22, 24).

Abstract: A servomotor system is provided. The servomotor system includes an enclosure and a motor stator and rotor disposed in the enclosure. The servomotor system also includes a motor brake disposed in the enclosure and configured to selectively brake the rotor from rotation and a brake control switch disposed in the enclosure and coupled to the motor brake for selectively providing power to the motor brake for selectively engaging and/or disengaging the brake.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling operation of inverter system configured to drive a motor by using an inverter, and to normally operate the motor in a resonance-generated frequency band if the resonance occurs, and a method thereof are disclosed, wherein the method includes detecting a current outputted by an inverter system to a motor, if an operation frequency of the motor is in a resonance frequency band, converting the detected current to a d axis current and a q axis current, calculating a difference between the converted d axis current and pre-sampled d axis current (magnetic flux portion), multiplying the calculated difference by a preset comparative control gain to calculate a comparative control voltage, and adding the calculated comparative control voltage to a torque portion voltage responsive to an operation frequency of the motor to generate a driving voltage of the motor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an EC motor assembly (1) having an electronically commutated, permanent magnet-excited DC motor (M) with an upstream commutation electronic unit (2) that is supplied with a DC link voltage (UZK) via a DC link (8). The DC link (8) can be connected directly to a solar cell generator (12) via a first voltage input (10) on one hand, and on the other, to a grid voltage (UM) via a controllable power supply unit (14) and a second voltage input (16). The DC link voltage (UZK) is variably specified based on a respective available photovoltaic voltage (UPV) of the solar cell generator (12). The power supply unit (14) can be regulated with respect to the output voltage thereof to adapt to the respective DC link voltage (UZK).

Abstract: A control apparatus controls an inverter (electric power converter circuit) which is connected for selectively applying a plurality of voltage levels to each phase of a polyphase rotary machine. In each of successive control periods, the apparatus determines the inverter operation state (combination of respective voltage levels applied to the phases) to be set for the succeeding control period, by performing prediction calculations based on a model of the rotary machine, for each of a plurality of candidates for the next operation state, to select an optimum candidate. The candidates are restricted to those operation states whereby the voltage level of no more than one of the phases will be changed, at changeover to the operation state of the next control period.

Abstract: An electronically commutated one-phase motor (20) has a stator having at least one winding strand (30, 32) and a permanent-magnet rotor (22). The rotor, as it rotates, induces a voltage (uind) in the at least one winding strand (30, 32). The motor has an electronic calculation device (26), preferably a microcontroller ?C, which is configured to execute, during operation, the steps of a) sensing the value of the instantaneous operating voltage (Ub); (b) using the operating voltage value (Ub) and optionally further parameters, adjusting a time duration (TON) of a switch-on current pulse (i30) for the motor, in order to apply a consistent amount of electrical energy to the windings during start-up attempts, thereby maximizing the probability of successful start-up, regardless of possible fluctuations in motor operating voltage and related operating parameters. The switch-on current pulse duration (TON) can be adjusted longer or shorter, as a function of operating experience.

Abstract: Methods and systems for controlling an electric motor are provided. The electric motor includes at least one winding. A winding current flowing through the at least one winding is monitored. The winding current has an oscillating component and an offset component. The offset component of the winding current is isolated from the oscillating component of the winding current. The electric motor is controlled based on the offset component of the winding current.

Abstract: A component intended for use in very low temperature situations has an electromechanical actuator with a control for an electric motor. The control receives a temperature signal indicative of a temperature being experienced by the electromechanical actuator. The control is operable to produce a current signal sent to the electric motor which will generate heat without significant torque. A method of operating the electromechanical actuator is also disclosed.

Abstract: A machine tool includes a time calculation unit calculating the time for a spindle to arrive at a target rotational speed, and the time for a spindle head to arrive at a target position; a comparison unit comparing the time to arrive at the target rotational speed and the time to arrive at the target position; and a drive control unit controlling the drive of the spindle and the drive of the spindle head. The drive control unit controls the drive of the spindle head, when a determination is made that the time to arrive at the target rotational speed is longer than the time to arrive at the target position, such that the time for the spindle head to arrive at the target position is longer than the calculated time to arrive at the target position, and less than or equal to the calculated time to arrive at the target rotational speed. Accordingly, the machine tool can drive the spindle head that is a control object in a power-saving mode.

Abstract: A synchronous control apparatus to synchronously control a plurality of motors with respect to a control subject includes a command device and a plurality of motor control devices. The control subject includes the motors, a plurality of position detectors configured to detect a plurality of position information of the motors respectively, and at least one coupler connecting movable axes of the motors. The command device includes a first position controller which is configured to compute a work position based on the position information detected by the position detectors and which is configured to compute, based on a difference between a position command and the work position, a new position command. Each of the motor control devices includes a second position controller configured to compute commands to drive the plurality of motors based on a difference between the new position command and the position information.

Abstract: A drive apparatus for a stepping motor, including: a current detecting portion which detects a current value of phase current flowing through a phase winding; a constant-current-controlling portion which constant-current-controls the phase current flowing through the phase winding based on a detection result of the current detecting portion; a zero crossing detecting portion which detects a zero cross of the phase current based on the detection result of the current detecting portion; a phase difference detecting portion which detects a phase difference between the edge of a drive control pulse signal for the stepping motor and the zero cross detected by the zero crossing detecting portion; and a control device which causes the constant-current-controlling portion to perform constant-current control with a current value according to the phase difference detected by the phase difference detecting portion.

Abstract: An electric power supply system has a power bus for providing DC power, and a control unit for a source of power to supply the power bus. The power unit includes a damping algorithm to provide damping to power supplied on the power bus. A motor and a motor control include a compensation block for tapping power from the bus, and identifying a portion of a supplied signal due to the damping. The compensation block provides a signal to a summing block that addresses the damping on the power bus prior to the power being supplied to the motor. A method of utilizing such a system is also disclosed.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a keyboard including a component, a light energy collection module disposed on a surface of the component of the keyboard for collecting light energy from an external light source, and a photoelectric module coupled to the light energy collection module for receiving the light energy from the light energy collection module and converting the light energy into electrical energy.

Abstract: The positive and negative pole of the DC-battery 2-1 is allowed to be connected to the solar panel 2-11 and the solar panel 2-14 when the key position of the ignition switch 2-15 is in a position of “on” or “acc”. The positive and negative pole of the DC-battery 2-1 is not connected to the solar panel 2-11 and the solar panel 2-14 when the key position of the ignition switch 2-15 is in the position of “lock” or “start”. To attain such a configuration, lead wire connects the ignition switch 2-15 utilizing relay 2-4-a and fuse box 2-4-b. When the position of the ignition key is in “on” or “acc”, positive poles of the solar panels 2-11 and the solar panel 2-14 are connected to the positive pole of the DC battery 2-1 via the relay 2-4-a. Relays 3-4, 3-15, 3-16, 4-4, 4-15, and 4-16 have similar function as the relay 2-4-a.

Abstract: In a power transmission terminal, a charging control unit outputs an alternating current signal having a charging control voltage based on a charging control signal. A power transmission unit excites a near-electromagnetic field. A primary-side signal processing unit acquires a reception signal on the basis of a voltage at the power transmission unit at the time of load modulation communication and sets the charging control signal on the basis of reference information included in the reception signal. In a power receiving terminal, a power receiving unit is couplable to the near-electromagnetic field excited by power transmission unit. A charging voltage generating unit generates a charging voltage for a rechargeable battery. A load modulation unit changes the load impedance of the power receiving unit as viewed from the power transmission unit by performing load modulation at the time of load modulation communication.

Abstract: An electric vehicle charging system includes a portable housing having an integral holder to hold a connector for an electric vehicle supply circuit. An electric vehicle supply equipment enclosure includes an integral chamber to store all or part of a cord. A mounting bracket for an electric vehicle supply equipment enclosure covers an open portion of the enclosure. A method for facilitating use of an electric vehicle includes providing a prewiring kit for the electric vehicle. An electric vehicle supply equipment enclosure includes an integral disconnect switch. An electric vehicle supply circuit includes a grounding monitor circuit having automatic test functionality. Another electric vehicle supply circuit includes a contact monitor circuit to monitor the state of one or more of the contacts.

Abstract: In an electrically-driven vehicle comprising a battery which can be charged from an external power supply, a charger, a charger controller which controls the charger, and a battery controller which monitors a battery state, energy loss during the charging is reduced and charging efficiency is improved. A hybrid electric vehicle which is the electrically-driven vehicle includes a charging circuit having a charger which is connected to a high-voltage battery and a charge-time connection switch which is connected between the high-voltage battery and the charger, a charger ECU, and a battery ECU. The battery ECU is activated when a voltage signal is input, and when determining that the state of the high-voltage battery satisfies a chargeable condition, connects the charge-time connection switch, activates the charger ECU and transmits a signal representing the battery state to the charger ECU.

Abstract: A fraction inverter circuit includes a first energy storage device configured to output a DC voltage, a first bi-directional DC-to-AC voltage inverter coupled to the first energy storage device, and a first electromechanical device. The first electromechanical device includes a first plurality of conductors coupled to the first bi-directional DC-to-AC voltage inverter, a second plurality of conductors coupled together, and a plurality of windings coupled between the first plurality of conductors and the second plurality of conductors. The traction converter circuit also includes a charge bus comprising a first conductor coupled to the second plurality of conductors of the first electromechanical device, the charge bus configured to transmit a charging current to or receive a charging current from the first electromechanical device to charge the first energy storage device via the first electromechanical device and the first bi-directional DC-to-AC voltage inverter.

Abstract: A battery includes an on-board microprocessor-controlled MOSFET-switched cell monitoring and protection system which provides over-charge protection, low-voltage protection, thermal-runaway protection and cell balancing. The output voltage of the battery is fully regulated and user adjustable. Internal switching provides for switching the battery on or off from a control interface on the battery housing or from a remotely located switch. The battery preferably incorporates lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) power cells, although the monitoring and protection circuitry is also applicable to lithium ion and other cell chemistries. The battery includes a charging input connection separate from the voltage output connection which allows for charging the battery at a voltage considerably higher than the output voltage.

Abstract: A holster provides a carrier for removable storing a portable electronic device, such as a cellular phone, PDA or MP3 player, and a fastener for securing the carrier to the user's clothing or bag. The holster can include a fastener for attaching the holster to an article; a carrier attached to the fastener; and a docking station having electrical contacts for interfacing with electrical contacts of the portable electronic device. The docking station can be pivotable relative to the carrier about a pivot axis at an end of the docking station adjacent the electrical contacts. The fastener can be removable. The docking station can include a rechargeable battery electrically connected to the electrical contacts of the docking station for providing electrical charge from the battery to a portable electronic device when connected to the docking station.

Abstract: A battery cell tab monitoring apparatus includes a conductive element electrically connected between two battery cells. The conductive element is connected to a sensing circuit including a pull-down current source connected to pull current from the conductive element and/or a pull-up current source connected to drive current into the conductive element. A voltage measuring circuit is connected to sense voltages during operation of the pull-down current source and the pull-up current source to be used to determine the status of the conductive element. For instance, voltages beyond certain fixed or variable thresholds indicate that the conductive element is flexing or cracking, which can be a precursor to its breaking. Voltages beyond other fixed or variable thresholds indicate that the conductive element is fully disconnected. The current sources used to push and pull the sensing currents may be used to bring the battery cells into balance when an imbalance is detected.

Abstract: The present invention aims to reliably prevent overcharge by carrying out charging in just proportion during charging periods. A charging apparatus 1 for charging a secondary cell 22 by supplying a charging current Ic thereto is provided with a discharge amount detector 62 for detecting an amount of power discharged from the secondary cell in a non-charging state, a charge amount detector 60 for detecting an amount of power charged into the secondary cell in a charging state, and a charger controller 10 for stopping charging when the amount of charged power (charge amount Wc) becomes equal to the amount of discharged power (discharge amount Wc) during a charging period.

Abstract: The present invention aims to suppress waste of charging power during charging and improve charging efficiency.

Abstract: Provided is a multiple series/multiple parallel battery pack which is capable of operating at a proper timing, and which, even if lead wires for voltage measurement extending from secondary batteries are short-circuited, gives no damage to the secondary batteries or lead wires. Thus, the multiple series/multiple parallel battery pack according to the present invention comprises a plurality of units which are connected in series and a control circuit for performing control by means of a charge stop signal and a discharge stop signal output from each of the units.

Abstract: A switch embedded integrated circuit for battery protection includes a MOSFET having a body diode, and a control logic circuit for switching the MOSFET and the direction of the body diode to control the charge current to and the discharge current from a battery. The control logic circuit turns off the MOSFET once any abnormal operation such as over-voltage and under-voltage happens, and turns on the MOSFET according to an OVPR threshold, an OVPR delay time, an UVPR threshold and an UVPR delay time. The OVPR threshold and the OVPR delay time are determined depending on the battery being coupled to a load or a charger, or floating.

Abstract: Provided is a battery pack capable of implementing temperature protection with ease. Regardless of whether or not a battery protection IC (11) has a terminal for temperature protection of a battery pack (10), the battery pack (10) is capable of implementing the temperature protection by using an N type FET (15) and a resistor (17). Accordingly, there is no influence of the presence/absence of the terminal on implementing the temperature protection of the battery pack (10). Therefore, the battery pack (10) may implement the temperature protection with ease.

Abstract: Provided is a battery pack capable of reducing the number of terminals of a battery protection IC. When a battery (15) enters an overdischarge state, a temperature switch IC (12) included in a battery pack (10) monitors a voltage of a voltage monitoring terminal (VM2) provided to an external connection terminal (EB?), rather than a voltage of a terminal of the battery protection IC (11) for use in communication with the temperature switch IC (12), and then shuts down. Therefore, the battery protection IC (11) included in the battery pack (10) does not require an additional terminal for use in communication with the temperature switch IC (12).

Abstract: A battery charging method is provided for extending life of batteries. The method includes providing an appropriate charge-off voltage with respect to variation in both of a remaining capacity and an idle time of the battery. Further, the charge-off voltage may vary according to the remaining capacity and the idle time of the battery, so as to increase charging efficiency of the battery. Additionally, the present invention also provides adjusting a charge-off current to a value according to the variation in an actual capacity of the battery.

Abstract: In a battery charging system for a hybrid vehicle, a user-operated switch is provided for triggering an engine to charge battery at an earlier stage for an extended journey as compared to a normal journey. A sensor is provided to detect a charge state level of the battery, the output of the sensor being compared at with a threshold set by switch.

Abstract: A system, method and product for modifying the volt-ampere reactive (VARs) in a power distribution system is provided. In one embodiment, the method includes determining the VARs at a location on the power distribution system and based on the determined VARs, determining whether to modify the VARs. If it is determined to modify the VARs the method includes identifying a plurality a capacitor banks connected to a power line and from the identified plurality of capacitor banks, generating a list of eligible capacitor banks that satisfy inclusion criteria. If the list of eligible capacitor banks includes at least one capacitor bank the method includes selecting a capacitor bank from the list of eligible capacitor banks and transmitting a switching command for the selected capacitor bank.

Abstract: A converter device for power conversion in e.g. a power plant such as a wind turbine is disclosed. The converter device is configured for converting an input power to an electrical output power. The converter device may be configured for receiving mechanical input power or, according to another embodiment, may be configured for receiving electrical input power. The converter device includes a controller which is configured for setting a phase angle between a voltage and a total current of the electrical output power to a predetermined value if the voltage indicated by the voltage signal is outside a predetermined voltage band.

Abstract: An adjustable driver voltage source for a switching power supply uses a linear regulator to provide a driver voltage, and a modulator to adjust the driver voltage according to the loading change of the switching power supply. The modulator may lower the driver voltage at light load to reduce the switching loss and thereby increase the power efficiency of the switching power supply.

Abstract: A DC-DC converter to convert an input voltage into a predetermined voltage includes a first switching device to provide energy for an inductor; a second switching device to discharge the energy from the inductor to an output terminal; an error amplifier to amplify an error voltage between a first reference voltage and a monitoring voltage obtained by dividing an output voltage output from the output terminal; a set signal generation circuit including a first comparator into which a second reference voltage and an output of the error amplifier are input; a reset signal generation circuit; a control circuit into which an output from the set signal generation circuit and an output from the reset signal generation circuit are input; and a detection circuit to detect a switching frequency of an electric power supply, wherein a characteristic of the first comparator is changed according to the switching frequency.

Abstract: Provided is a voltage regulator having low current consumption, which is capable of preventing a reverse current from flowing thereto from an output terminal (122), irrespective of a magnitude of a voltage of a VDD terminal (121). The voltage regulator has a circuit configuration in which voltage dividing resistors are not used for a comparator circuit for comparing the voltage of the VDD terminal (121) with a voltage of the output terminal (122), to thereby achieve lower current consumption.

Abstract: A method of controlling a buck-boost converting circuit is provided. The buck-boost converting circuit has an inductive element, a first conduction controlling element, a second conduction controlling element, a third conduction controlling element, and a fourth conduction controlling element.

Abstract: A time sequence control circuit is provided to control time sequence of a motherboard of a computer. A first voltage received by a power supply receiving terminal is greater than a preset voltage before a signal control terminal on the motherboard receives a second voltage during turning on the computer. During shutting off the computer, the first voltage at the power supply receiving terminal drops and is less than the preset voltage, and the second voltage supplied to the signal control terminal on the motherboard is shut off.

Abstract: A power conversion system and power control method for reducing cross regulation effect uses a voltage feedback adjustment circuit to modulate an error signal fed back from an output voltage so as to predict the energy of an output corresponding to its load states. While the energy delivered to an output terminal with its load remaining the same does not change, the energy delivered to an output terminal with its load changing is adjusted accordingly. The power conversion system thus effectively reduces the cross regulation effect and obtains excellent steady system output and transient response.

Abstract: A variable current limiter, a power supply and a method of operating a non-isolated voltage converter are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, the variable current limiter includes: (1) a converter controller configured to regulate an output voltage of a non-isolated voltage converter and limit an output current thereof and (2) a limit provider configured to provide a variable output current limit that inversely varies with the output voltage, the converter controller configured to employ the variable output current limit to limit the output current.

Abstract: A power supply control circuit detects a reference voltage VD corresponding to an intermediate voltage of a Hi Side FET and a Lo Side FET, when a short-circuit fault of the Lo Side FET is generated, and compares a threshold value VIN?VrefH and the reference voltage VD using a comparator COMP. The power supply control circuit determines that the short-circuit fault is generated, when the reference voltage VD is less than the threshold value VIN?VrefH and a switching control signal (HiDr) is in an ON state. Likewise, the power supply control circuit detects the reference voltage VD of the Hi Side FET and the Lo Side FET, when a short-circuit fault of the Hi Side FET is generated, and compares a threshold value VrefL and the reference voltage VD using the comparator COMP. The power supply control circuit determines that the short-circuit fault is generated, when the reference voltage VD is more than the threshold value VrefL and a switching control signal (LoDr) is in an ON state.

Abstract: A multi-phase power source device capable of easily changing the number of phases is realized. For example, a plurality of drive units POL[1]-POL[4] corresponding to the number of phases are provided, wherein each POL[n] receives a phase input signal PHI[n] serving as a pulse signal, and generates a phase output signal PHO[n] by delaying PHI[n] by a predetermined cycles of a clock signal CLK. PHI[n] and PHO[n] of each POL[n] are coupled in a ring, wherein each POL[n] performs a switching operation with PHI[n] or PHO[n] as a starting point. In this case, each POL[n] charges and discharges a capacitor Cct commonly coupled to each POL[n] with an equal current, and a frequency of CLK is determined based on this charge and discharge rate. That is, if the number of phases increases n times, the frequency of CLK will be automatically controlled to n times.

Abstract: A DC-DC converter includes a chip including an error amplifier and a pulse width modulator (PWM) having an input connected to an output of the error amplifier, and an inductor driven by said PWM in series with an output node (VOUT) of the converter, wherein a load current flows through the inductor. VOUT is fed back through a network including a feedback resistor (RFB) to an inverting input of the error amplifier. A circuit for sensing the load current includes a first operational amplifier, a sense resistor on the chip having resistance RSENSE coupled to an inverting input of the first amplifier; wherein a sense current related to the load current flows through the sense resistor, a dependent current source provides an output current to supply the sense current. A reference resistor is disposed on the chip having a resistance RREFERENCE which is a fixed multiple of RSENSE. A set resistor is provided having a resistance RSET.

Abstract: A mix mode wide range divider is provided for dividing a first signal by a second signal to generate an output signal. A third signal is generated depending on the resistance of a first adjustable resistor, and a fourth signal is generated according to the third signal and a target value determined by the second signal, to adjust the resistance of the first adjustable resistor and the resistance of a second adjustable resistor. The resistance of the first adjustable resistor is so adjusted to make the third signal equal to the target value, and the resistance of the second adjustable resistor is so adjusted to maintain a ratio of the resistance of the second adjustable resistor to the resistance of the first adjustable resistor. The output signal is generated depending on the first signal and the resistance of the second adjustable resistor.

Abstract: The step-down switching converter is provided, which promises to replace the conventional buck converter in many applications due to its many advantage, such as higher efficiency, smaller size, fast transient response and lower cost among other benefits.

Abstract: A MOSFET at an input side controls the operation of a current mirror circuit in accordance with a level change of a PWM signal applied to its gate. When the current mirror circuit operates, a current generated by a current source flows as a mirror current so that a current flows to discharge electricity charged in a capacitance between a gate and a source through a gate of a MOSFET at an output side. When the current mirror circuit stops its operation, a current flowing from the current mirror circuit through the current source is supplied to the gate of the MOSFET at the output side.

Abstract: An asymmetrical coupled inductor includes a first and a second winding and a core. The core is formed of a magnetic material and magnetically couples together the windings. The core is configured such that a leakage inductance value of the first winding is greater than a leakage inductance value of the second winding. The coupled inductor is included, for example, in a multi-phase DC-to-DC converter. A DC-to-DC converter including a symmetrical coupled inductor includes at least one additional inductor electrically coupled in series with one or more of the coupled inductor's windings. A controller for a DC-to-DC converter including a first phase having an effective inductance value greater than an effective inductance value of a second phase is configured to shut down the second phase while the first phase remains operational during a light load operating condition.

Abstract: A multi-scanner device having a detection unit and an outlet tester that can be selectively connected together for convenient use and easy storage. Preferably, a plug on the outlet tester is inserted into a non-functional socket located on the detection unit to form a multi-scanner device with a detachable outlet tester.

Abstract: A method is provided for detecting laser optical paths in integrated circuit (IC) packages. The method provides an IC die encapsulated as a package in a compound of glass spheres and epoxy. Power is supplied to the IC. The IC is scanned with a laser. Typically, a laser wavelength is used that is minimally absorbed by the glass spheres in the epoxy compound of the IC package, and changes in current to the IC are detected. A detected current change is cross-referenced against a scanned IC package surface region. This process identifies an optical pathway underlying the scanned IC package surface region. In some aspects, this process leads to the identification of a glass sphere-collecting package structure underlying the optical pathway. Examples of a glass sphere-collecting structure might include an inner lead wire, lead frame edge, or die edge.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring an AC voltage. In one embodiment, the apparatus comprises an AC voltage monitor, comprising a solid state electrical isolation device, enabled to (i) generate at least a first voltage measurement of an AC power source, (ii) generate a serial data stream frame based on the at least a first voltage measurement, and (iii) transmit the serial data stream frame via the solid state electrical isolation device.