Abstract: A method for a receiver to estimate phase of a carrier wave, including receiving a carrier wave carrying pilot symbols and data symbols extending between the pilot symbols, determining phase of the carrier wave at received pilot symbols, and interpolating the phase of the carrier wave at points between pilot symbols based, at least in part, on an estimated phase of demodulated data symbols. Apparatus for estimate phase of a carrier wave, including a unit for determining phase of the carrier wave at received pilot symbols, and a unit for interpolating the phase of the carrier wave at points between pilot symbols based, at least in part, on an estimated phase of demodulated data symbols. Related apparatus and methods are also described.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed that involve the reduction of DC offsets. For instance, embodiments may receive a baseband signal, and determine a DC characteristic of the baseband signal. When the DC characteristic has a value that is outside of a predetermined range, a correction signal is adjusted. The correction signal is injected into the baseband signal.

Abstract: Aspects of a method and system for channel estimation in a SM MIMO communication system may comprise receiving a plurality of spatially multiplexed communication signals from a plurality of transmit antennas. A plurality of baseband combined channel estimates based on phase rotation may be generated in response to the received plurality of spatially multiplexed communication signals. An estimate of the channel matrix may be determined based on the baseband combined channel estimates. A plurality of amplitude and phase correction signals may be generated in response to receiving the estimate of the channel matrix. An amplitude and a phase of at least a portion of the received plurality of spatially multiplexed communication signals may be adjusted based on the generated plurality of amplitude and phase correction signals, respectively.

Abstract: A method for iteratively decoding a set of encoded samples received from a transmission channel is provided. A data signal indicative of a noise level of the transmission channel is received. A scaling factor is then determined in dependence upon the data signal and the encoded samples are scaled using the scaling factor. The scaled encoded samples are then iteratively decoded. Furthermore, a method for initializing edge memories is provided. During an initialization phase initialization symbols are received from a node of a logic circuitry and stored in a respective edge memory. The initialization phase is terminated when the received symbols occupy a predetermined portion of the edge memory. An iterative process is executed using the logic circuitry storing output symbols received from the node in the edge memory and a symbol is retrieved from the edge memory and provided as output symbol of the node. Yet further an architecture for a high degree variable node is provided.

Abstract: An analog complex filter combines an in-phase signal and a quadrature signal to output first and second analog signals. An analog-to-digital converter converts the first and second analog signals into first and second digital signals. A digital complex filter attenuates components corresponding to the quadrature signal and the in-phase signal of the first and second digital signals, respectively. A digital bandwidth limited filter allows a target component and an image component contained in the digital complex signal composed of the first and second digital signals from the digital complex filter to pass therethrough, and attenuates an adjacent interference component. An IQ imbalance correction circuit corrects a quadrature error and an amplitude error between the first and second digital signals from the digital band-pass filter.

Abstract: A data receiver circuit includes: a clock/data recovery circuit to recover a clock and data from a received signal; a fixed pattern generation circuit to generate fixed pattern data; a first selection circuit to select and output one of the fixed pattern data generated by the fixed pattern generation circuit and recovered data recovered by the clock/data recovery circuit; a second selection circuit to select and output one of a reference clock and recovered clock recovered by the clock/data recovery circuit; and a switching circuit to make the first selection circuit output the fixed pattern data and to make the second selection circuit output the reference clock, when an input signal is lost or the clock/data recovery circuit is in a loss-of-lock state.

Abstract: Generally speaking, methods and apparatuses which correct errors related to phase and gain imbalances in quadrature tuners are disclosed. The quadrature tuner may be online and operating, receiving data. An embodiment may generate a squared signal from the IF frequency signal of the tuner. In generating the squared signal, the embodiment may enable the extraction of phase error and gain error information of the IF signal. The embodiment may determine a phase error component, a gain error component, or both, by frequency translation. The frequency translation may involve down-converting the signal associated with the error component to direct current (DC) signals and enable the determination of the associated phase error and/or gain error. The embodiments may generate an adjusted signal via the IF signal by applying a phase correction signal or gain correction signal to components used to correct the IF signal.

Abstract: This disclosure presents a receiver apparatus (10) and corresponding method that advantageously use ISI-canceling combining weights, as are generated for ISI suppression in the receiver's data signal combining operations, to suppress the effects of ISI from determinations of receiver frequency error. Such suppression yields more accurate receiver frequency error determination and, correspondingly, improved receiver frequency error compensation.

Abstract: A system and method is provided for estimating the channel in OFDM transmission with inter-carrier interference (ICI). A channel in a data subcarrier in a subchannel shared between pilot subcarriers and data subcarriers can be estimated by performing interpolation based on estimated channels in pilot subcarriers in the same OFDM symbol as the subcarrier, such as through spline interpolation. A second estimate of the channel in the subcarrier can be produced by averaging an estimate of the channel in a subcarrier in the subchannel in a previous OFDM symbol and an estimate of the channel in a subcarrier in the subchannel in a succeeding OFDM symbol. A third estimate of the channel in the subcarrier can be produced through a linear combination of the first estimate and the second estimate. The channel in data subcarriers can be estimated through a weighted sum of the channel in nearest subcarriers.

Abstract: A receiving device which receives a signal transmitted from a transmitting device by using a power amplifier, the receiving device includes a calculating unit which performs distortion compensation on a symbol included in a reception signal, a delay unit which holds a signal for a result from the distortion compensation, and the calculating unit performing the distortion compensation on a second symbol at a timing later than a first symbol based on a coefficient corresponding to an amplification characteristic of the power amplifier and on the signal for the result from the distortion compensation with respect to the first symbol held by the delay unit.

Abstract: A receiver is provided, in particular a mobile Orthogonal Frequency Division (OFDM) receiver, wherein the receiver comprises a receiving unit for receiving a multicarrier signal via a transmitting channel, a channel estimation unit for estimating a channel estimation signal indicative of properties of the transmitting channel based on the multicarrier signal and a feedback provided at a position of a signal processing path of the receiver downstream of the channel estimation unit, and a compensation unit adapted for at least partially compensating signal distortions within the transmitting channel on basis of the multicarrier signal received by the receiving unit and the channel estimation signal estimated by the channel estimation unit, and for outputting the received multicarrier signal with at least partially compensated signal distortions.

Abstract: A multiple carrier communication system includes a primary impulse shortening filter that receives an output signal of an analog to digital converter and accepts coefficients. A secondary impulse shortening filter receives the output signal of the analog to digital converter, outputs an output signal, and passes coefficients to the primary impulse shortening filter. A reference signal generator outputs a reference signal. A comparator compares the output signal and the reference signal and outputs a resulting error signal. An adaptive processor computes coefficients for the secondary impulse shortening filter based on the error signal.

Abstract: In some embodiments an adaptive clocking controller determines a clock spread of a system clock that would result in a lowest total interference between a channel received by a radio receiver and the system clock. A clock generator modifies a spread of the system clock in response to the determined clock spread. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Abstract: A circuit includes an oversampling logic unit, an alternating current estimator, and a logic processor. The oversampling logic unit generates a plurality of alternating current terms according to an oversampling clock, and outputs a plurality of alternating current terms corresponding to an output clock from the plurality of alternating current terms according to the output clock. The alternating current estimator executes a discrete cosine transform and a discrete sine transform on a plurality of alternating current terms outputted from the oversampling logic unit within a first predetermined time to generate a first value and a second value respectively. The logic processor compares a number of first values and a number of second values within a second predetermined time, and generates a clock data recovery phase locked indicator according to a comparing result.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for heating and/or compressing plasmas to thermonuclear temperatures and densities are provided. In one aspect, at least one of at least two plasmoids separated by a distance is accelerated towards the other. The plasmoids interact, for instance to form a resultant plasmoid, to convert a kinetic energy into a thermal energy. The resultant plasmoid is confined in a high energy density state using a magnetic field. One or more plasmoids may be compressed. Energy may be recovered, for example via a blanket and/or directly via one or more coils that create a magnetic field and/or circuits that control the coils.

Abstract: Apparatuses for detecting neutrons, and methods for fabricating such apparatuses, are provided. The neutron detection apparatus includes a cell configured to hold water. Further, the neutron detection apparatus provides a source of one or more high barns isotopes positioned in the cell and configured to absorb neutrons. Neutron absorption by the high barns isotope in the presence of water causes the formation of H2O2. Further, the presence of H2O2 in the cell indicates exposure of the cell to neutrons.

Abstract: A method for measuring the neutron flux in the core of a nuclear reactor, the method including several steps recurrently performed at instants separated by a period, the method comprising at each given instant the following steps: acquiring a total signal by a cobalt neutron detector placed inside the core of the reactor; assessing a calibration factor representative of the delayed component of the total signal due to the presence of cobalt 60 in the neutron detector; assessing a corrected signal representative of the neutron flux at the detector from the total signal and from the calibration factor; assessing a slope representative of the time-dependent change of the calibration factor between the preceding instant and the given instant; the calibration factor at the given instant being assessed as a function of the calibration factor assessed at the preceding instant, of the slope, and of the time period separating the given instant from the preceding instant.

Abstract: Disclosed embodiments include nuclear fission reactors, nuclear fission fuel pins, methods of operating a nuclear fission reactor, methods of fueling a nuclear fission reactor, and methods of fabricating a nuclear fission fuel pin.

Abstract: Disclosed embodiments include nuclear fission reactors, nuclear fission fuel pins, methods of operating a nuclear fission reactor, methods of fueling a nuclear fission reactor, and methods of fabricating a nuclear fission fuel pin.

Abstract: Disclosed embodiments include nuclear fission reactors, nuclear fission fuel pins, methods of operating a nuclear fission reactor, methods of fueling a nuclear fission reactor, and methods of fabricating a nuclear fission fuel pin.

Abstract: A sequence generator implemented on a receiver is synchronized with a sequence generator at a transmitter. The receiver receives k n-state symbols, with k>1 and n>1 wherein each of the k n-state symbols is associated with a generating state of the sequence generator at the transmitter. A processor in the receiver evaluates an n-state expression that generates an n-state symbol that is associated with a synchronized state of the receiver. Coefficients related to the n-state expression are stored on a memory and are retrieved by the processor. The synchronized state in one embodiment is part of a code hop. The sequence generator in the receiver may be part of a descrambler, of a communication device, of a data storage device and/or of an opening mechanism.

Abstract: A shift register circuit includes a plurality of shift register stages for providing plural gate signals to plural gate lines. Each shift register stage includes an input unit, a first pull-up unit, a second pull-up unit, a pull-down unit and an auxiliary pull-down unit. The input unit inputs a first gate signal generated by a preceding shift register stage to become a driving control voltage. The first pull-up unit pulls up a second gate signal according to the driving control voltage and a first clock signal. The second pull-up unit pulls up a third gate signal according to the driving control voltage and a second clock signal. The auxiliary pull-down unit is employed to pull down the driving control voltage according to a fourth gate signal generated by a subsequent shift register stage. The pull-down unit pulls down the first and second gate signals according to the driving control voltage.

Abstract: An x-ray imaging technology, performing an x-ray dark-field CT imaging of an examined object using an imaging system which comprises an x-ray source, two absorbing gratings G1 and G2, an x-ray detector, a controller and a data processing unit, comprising the steps of: emitting x-rays to the examined object; enabling one of the two absorbing gratings G1 and G2 to perform phase stepping motion within at least one period range thereof; where in each phase stepping step, the detector receives the x-ray and converts it into an electric signal; wherein through the phase stepping of at least one period, the x-ray intensity at each pixel point on the detector is represented as an intensity curve; calculating a second moment of scattering angle distribution for each pixel, based on a contrast of the intensity curve at each pixel point on the detector and an intensity curve without presence of the examined object; taking images of the object at various angles, then obtaining an image with scattering information of the

Abstract: A system positions a patient for X-ray imaging of a Left Atrium of a heart, using an imaging system for, acquiring data representing a frontal first X-ray image and representing a lateral second X-ray image of a patient. A display processor initiates generation of data representing a first composite display image including the first X-ray image and a first graphical overlay for aligning with vertebra in the first X-ray image. The display processor initiates generation of data representing a second composite display image including the second X-ray image and a second graphical overlay for aligning with vertebra in the second X-ray image. The imaging system is positioned for imaging a heart left atrium in response to movement of a table supporting the patient to align the first graphical overlay with the vertebra in the first X-ray image and to align the second graphical overlay with the vertebra in the second X-ray image.

Abstract: A detector and methods for producing x-ray images, more particularly based on x-rays transmitted through an inspected object. A scintillating region is translated along a path within a cross section of a beam, the cross section taken in a plane distal to the object with respect to a source of the beam. Light emitted by the scintillator region is detected, thereby generating a detection signal, the detection signal is received by a processor which generates an image signal, and an image depicting transmitted penetrating radiation is formed on the basis of the image signal.

Abstract: Aspects may include movement of at least one device along a path to change an orientation of a target volume with respect to a radiation beam emitter, determination that the at least one device has reached a start position of a first path section associated with a first radiation treatment beam, emission, while the at least one device moves along the first path section, of the first radiation treatment beam from the radiation beam emitter toward a target volume, determination that the at least one device has reached a stop position of the first path section, ceasing emission of the first radiation treatment from the radiation beam emitter in response to the determination that the at least one device has reached a stop position of the first path section, determination that the at least one device has reached a start position of a second path section associated with a second radiation treatment beam, the start position of the second path section being different from the stop position of the first path section,

Abstract: An X-ray camera includes a camera housing, an image pickup element which is sensitive at least for X-rays, and an X-ray objective. The X-ray objective lens has a capillary structure and the image pickup element is constructed as a two-dimensional pixilated semiconductor sensor for simultaneous spatial, energy and time resolution.

Abstract: A medical viewing system comprises an X-ray source, a collimator for limiting the X-ray radiation output of the X-ray source and a flat X-ray detector, wherein the collimator is adjustable such that the subsequent X-ray images acquired by the X-ray detector comprise a rectangular shape with variably rounded corners. The acquired X-ray images have a shape, which is in-between a circular shape and a rectangular or square shape. Acquired images with this shape may then be displayed on a display unit, wherein the borders or the images are distant from the borders of the designated screen area of the display unit in order to define a gap on the display. On rotation of an acquired image the rounded corners move towards the borders of the screen and are dimensioned such that they never cross the borders of the display. The used area of the screen 30 is approximately 30% larger than that of a circular image, e.g. taken by means of an image intensifier.

Abstract: A portable radiographic apparatus system reduces the number of types of spare rechargeable battery. A first rechargeable battery for operation of a portable radiographic apparatus has the same shape and characteristics as a second rechargeable battery for operation of a portable X-ray source. The first rechargeable battery and the second rechargeable battery are interchangeable. When, in order capture images during a visit to an individual's home or a visit to a nursing facility, the portable radiographic apparatus and the portable X-ray source are taken to the visit destination, spare rechargeable batteries must be taken in case of trouble with the rechargeable batteries. Because the first rechargeable battery and the second rechargeable battery are interchangeable, by bringing either the first rechargeable battery or the second rechargeable battery, trouble can be addressed if it arises. In this way, the number of types of spare rechargeable battery can be reduced.

Abstract: A method is proposed for accurate and efficient modeling of head scatter phase space for treatments with dynamic jaws. Specifically, the method enables the efficient calculation of the head scatter phase space in case of a dynamic treatment where jaws and MLC leaves move during the delivery. In one embodiment, the invention can be used to calculate the head scatter contribution during final dose calculation of dynamic treatments. This novel method also enables an accurate calculation of the head scatter contribution from optimal fluence and from jaw positions without having to calculate the leaf sequence. In this embodiment, the invention can be used in optimization of large field IMRT treatments.

Abstract: The present specification discloses a beam chopping apparatus, and more specifically, a helical shutter for an electron beam system that is employed in radiation-based scanning systems, and more specifically, a beam chopping apparatus that allows for variability in both velocity and beam spot size by modifying the physical characteristics or geometry of the beam chopper apparatus. The present specification also discloses a beam chopping apparatus which provides a vertically moving beam spot with substantially constant size and velocity to allow for substantially equal illumination of the target. In addition, the present specification is a beam chopping apparatus that is lightweight and does not cause an X-ray source assembly employing the beam chopper to become heavy and difficult to deploy.

Abstract: A dental x-ray sensor holder includes at least two clamping faces wherein at least one of the faces includes at least one and preferably a plurality of resiliently deformable gripping protrusions. The clamping faces are positioned in a moveable, spaced opposing relation, such that the faces may be physically moved together to physically impinge the x-ray sensor therebetween.

Abstract: A phantom for simulation of perfusion, for use in dynamic flow imaging. The phantom includes a first compartment having a first inlet and a first outlet, and a second compartment having a second outlet. The first and the second compartments have fluid communication with each other, to simulate perfusion between the first and the second compartments. The first and the second outlets are separately controllable to adjust outflow of fluid from each compartment and to adjust fluid pressure in each compartment, thereby controlling rates of communication of fluids between the first and the second compartments.

Abstract: A method for testing an interactive voice response application may include storing a number of files associated with interactive voice response applications. The method may also include receiving a selection from a user, where the selection corresponds to a first one of the files. The files may include a number of prompts and may be stored in a first format. The method may further include accessing the first file and generating a second file based on the first file, where the second file includes links to audio files associated with the prompts and is stored in a second format.

Abstract: A system receives a condition for an interactive voice response (IVR) application, automatically tests the IVR application based on the received condition, and generates a test result based on the automatic testing of the IVR application.

Abstract: An Interactive Voice Response (IVR) system design approach is provided employing a dynamic form that evolves automatically as the user enters content, in order to provide visual guidance relative to possible subsequent steps in the IVR system. The dynamic form follows a tree-view structure for the responses. The IVR content may be entered directly into the tree-view structure in an ad hoc manner, which provides a streamlined experience to the user compared to segmented building blocks.

Abstract: A request is received from a user of a telephonic device to invoke an application on the telephonic device. A form is displayed to the user using the application. Information input into the form is received by the application along with an indication to submit the form information with a service request to a call handling system. A data communications session between the telephonic device and an application server of the call handling system is established using the application. The form information is provided to the application server. A telephone number of the telephonic device is identified from the form information using which a voice communications session is established with the telephonic device from an interactive voice response system of the call handling system. Voice information is exchanged with the user and text, image or video information is communicated to the user via the voice and data communications sessions respectively.

Abstract: In one embodiment, techniques for manipulating a voice message using a telephone user interface are provided. The telephone user interface receives a mark begin segment command from a telephonic device through a voice modality. The mark begin segment command indicates a beginning point for a voice message segment in the voice message. The telephone user interface then receives a mark end segment command from the telephonic device through the voice modality. The mark segment command indicates an ending point for the voice message segment in the voice message. An action command from the telephonic device is received and an action based on the action command for the voice message segment is performed. The voice message segment is a portion of the voice message determined based on the indicated beginning point of the voice message segment and the indicated ending point of the voice message segment in the voice message.

Abstract: A processing apparatus, including: a query statistics unit which inputs a query request for querying a destination for first telephone number, and counts the number of input query requests; and a restriction control unit which transmits to a restriction control apparatus which performs outgoing call restriction, a restriction request to restrict a telephone call by second telephone number, when the counted number of the query requests is equal to or greater than a restriction start threshold, wherein the telephone call by the second telephone number is restricted by transmission of the restriction request, and a telephone call by the first telephone number is performed.

Abstract: The method of the present invention comprises the steps of: outputting the content of the advertisement when the user clicks the advertisement and simultaneously providing the user with a telephone number input window for enabling the user to input the telephone number thereof and the telephone number of a person to be called; connecting a call between the user and the person to be called via a public switched telephone network regardless of whether or not the user has opted for membership when the telephone numbers are input to the input window and a request for connection is made; and enabling the user to talk to the person over the phone for free when the call connection is made in exchange for watching the advertisement.

Abstract: A method and system are disclosed for enabling and blocking distance and location information between callers. The method includes a subscribing caller's phone identifying the caller by name and location and initiating a request to locate (RTL) signal to a called party's phone. The called party in turn sends an enable to locate (ETL) signal back to the called party to initiate calculations for determining the called party's distance from the caller. The method also includes an ETL bypass for business relations where an employer has a need to locate the employee. The method may also include a blacklisting feature allowing the called party to block RTL from undesired parties. A disclosed computer program product triangulates the distance between callers using the transmission time between them and stationary transmitters, landline relays, and/or internet routers. An alternate embodiment may include trilateration data from GPS satellites in determining the distance between callers.

Abstract: A system and method for providing access to a visual phone menu is disclosed. The system receives a phone number transmitted from a calling device to initiate a call, determines whether a visual phone menu (VPM) is available for the phone number, provides the calling device with a VPM address when a VPM exists, and proceeds with the call from the calling device to the phone number when a VPM does not exist.

Abstract: Call forwarding profiles corresponding to call forwarding settings based on time, location, and/or presence states of a called party are created. Different call forwarding settings are then activated based on corresponding predefined call forwarding profiles. Users are enabled to pre-configure their call forwarding profiles based on one or more rules.

Abstract: This private branch exchange includes a control portion parallelly forwarding an incoming call on an outside line to a plurality of recipients through one or more of a first telephone communication portion, a second telephone communication portion and a third telephone communication portion if the incoming call on the outside line is not answered.

Abstract: A method for providing directory assistance includes receiving a communication from a requestor for a desired contact listing and retrieving a requester profile relating to the requester where the profile including a calling history of the requester. At least one listing is retrieved in response to the communication for a desired contact listing, where the retrieving of the desired listing includes reviewing the calling history of the requester and including, among the at least one retrieved response, a predictive listing.

Abstract: In an encryption device, in a case where predetermined first data is input, the first data is converted into second data that is data decrypted from the first data and, in a case where the second data is input, the second data is converted into the first data, and the converted data is encrypted to be output to a storage unit.

Abstract: A representation is determined of the product of first and second elements of a finite set with cardinality strictly greater than two and in which are defined an addition and a multiplication that is commutative and distributive with respect to that addition.

Abstract: There is provided a highly secure cryptographic processing apparatus and method where an analysis difficulty is increased. In a Feistel type common key block encrypting process in which an SPN type F function having a nonlinear conversion section and a linear conversion section is repeatedly executed a plurality of rounds. The linear conversion process of an F function corresponding to each of the plurality of rounds is performed as a linear conversion process which employs an MDS (Maximum Distance Separable) matrix, and a linear conversion process is carried out which employs a different MDS matrix at least at each of consecutive odd number rounds and consecutive even number rounds. This structure makes it possible to increase the minimum number (a robustness index against a differential attack in common key block encryption) of the active S box in the entire encrypting function.

Abstract: A conventional AV data receiving device switches to a key for distribution to an outdoor device when a network environment is switched to an outdoor network environment, thus resulting in high key switching frequency. In view of this, an AV data receiving device according to the present invention determines, after switching the network environment from indoors to outdoors as a result of moving the AV data receiving device, whether or not key switching should be performed, before a command for restricting a hop count on a route from an AV data transmission device located indoors is transmitted, and performs authentication and key exchange processing for outdoor device distribution, so as to switch to the key for outdoor device distribution.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for decrypting encrypted content transmitted from an operator to a plurality of users where said operator further provides security information allowing for the decryption of said content. The method has the advantage of satisfying the goal of providing the capability for detecting a fraudulent user who retransmits control words extracted from the security information to other users. The method provides for the achievement of the goal without incurring extra overhead in addition to the transmitted content and security information. The method makes use of control words which are based on multiple solutions provided by collisions in mathematical functions and involves the observation of choices of control words retransmitted by the fraudulent user.