Abstract: In certain embodiments of the present disclosure, a water filter assembly for a refrigerator is described. The water filter assembly includes a door that includes a mover element for engaging a removable water filter such that in the closed position the mover element holds the removable water filter water inlet and water outlet in fluid communication with the water inlet and water outlet, respectively, of a manifold assembly, and in the open position the mover element allows for removal of the removable water filter which is not in fluid communication with the manifold assembly.

Abstract: Provided is a refrigerator. The refrigerator includes a storage space, a barrier main body, an insulator, an evaporator, a fan motor assembly, a barrier cover, and a cooling-air passage. The storage space includes a freezer compartment and a refrigerator compartment. The barrier main body defines the freezer compartment and the refrigerator compartment. The insulator is disposed at a side of the barrier main body to insulate the refrigerator compartment from the freezer compartment. The evaporator is disposed at a side of the insulator to generate cooling air. The fan motor assembly is disposed at an upper side of the evaporator to provide a driving force for circulating cooling air. The barrier cover is configured to cover sides of the evaporator and the fan motor assembly. The cooling-air passage is defined between the insulator and the barrier cover to allow a flow of cooling air generated by the evaporator.

Abstract: Dry dust removal method in organic chlorosilane production is provided, in which the detailed steps are as follows: delivering high-temperature flue gas (a) from fluidized bed reactor (I) into inorganic film cross-flow filter (E) to remove dust for the first time; delivering the concentrated dust gas (c) trapped by inorganic film cross-flow filter (II) into bag filter (III) to remove dust for the second time; returning the gas mixture (f) of passing through bag filter (EI) to the air intake of inorganic film cross-flow filter (II); condensing the residual clean gas (b) from the osmotic side of inorganic film in condenser (A), and then rectifying in rectifying column (B) to separate the products of chloromethane (g) and methyl chlorosilane (h) to obtain the product of methyl chlorosilane (h); returning chloromethane to fluidized bed reactor to take part in reaction; retreating the dust (e) trapped by inorganic film cross-flow filter and bag filter, and then returning it to fluidized bed reactor (I) to take par

Abstract: A method of separating a carbon-dioxide-rich liquid stream from a synthesis gas including carbon dioxide and hydrogen, includes carrying out a first cooling step to cool a synthesis gas feed stream using at least one heat exchanger such that a first two-phase mixture is formed. The first two-phase mixture is passed at a first pressure and a first temperature to a first separator and a first separation is carried out to separate the first mixture into a first CCVrich liquid stream and a H2-Hcli gas stream. The H2-rich gas stream is pressurised and a second cooling step is carried out to cool the H2-rich gas stream using at least one heat exchanger such that a second two-phase mixture is formed. The second mixture is passed at a second pressure and a second temperature to a second separator, the second pressure being higher than the first pressure and a second separation is carried out to separate the second mixture into a second CO2-rich liquid stream and a further H2-rich gas stream.

Abstract: The present application is concerned with processes and apparatuses for the separation of nitrogen from liquefied natural gas feeds. The processes comprise the steps of: (i) cooling the feed and passing the feed to a fractionation column; (ii) withdrawing from the fractionation column an overhead vapour stream having an enriched nitrogen content, and a liquid stream having a reduced nitrogen content; (iii) dividing the overhead vapour stream from step (ii) into at least first and second overhead streams; (iv) compressing, cooling and at least partially condensing at least the first overhead stream from step (iii); and (v) expanding the stream from step (iv) and passing the expanded stream to the fractionation column as reflux, and wherein cooling in step (iv) is provided, at least in part, by heat exchange with one or more streams from the fractionation column.

Abstract: An air separation unit having a medium-pressure column, a low-pressure column, a chamber, a heat exchanger, a bottom condenser of the low-pressure column and a condenser placed in the chamber is provided. The air separation unit also includes an expansion device configured to expand oxygen-rich liquid from the bottom of the low-pressure column before the oxygen-rich liquid is introduced to the chamber and a compressor configured to compress the gas from the chamber, wherein the compressor is downstream of the chamber and upstream of the low-pressure column.

Abstract: A foaming process for preparing wafer-level glass micro-cavities that include, etching silicon trenches on a Si wafer through Si micro-machining process; placing high-temperature outgassing agent in the silicon trenches; bonding the Si wafer with a piece of glass wafer by anodic bonding to form sealing cavities; heating up the bonded wafer, and holding the temperature the high-temperature outgassing agent such that the molten glass corresponding to the sealing cavities deforms and structures corresponding to the silicon trenches are formed in the glass; cooling down to obtain wafer-level glass micro-flow channels.

Abstract: A method for sealing the pump-out hole of vacuum glass comprises: first preparing metal layer which is bonded with the glass plate at the outside surface of the glass plate around the pump-out hole; and air-tightly welding the sealing element and the metal layer around the pump-out hole by metal brazing technology after pumping. A structure and a device for sealing the pump-out hole of vacuum glass are also provided. The method can seal the pump-out hole reliably and firmly; the sealing structure is stable and has long service life; the welding between the sealing element and the metal layer can be completed instantly and the properties of the glass materials will not be affected.

Abstract: In a method for manufacturing a glass sealed body, a paste including powdered glass and a binder is discharged from an outlet whose shape is a closed curve to fowl a partition whose shape is a closed curve over a first glass substrate; the partition is heated so that the binder is volatilized and the powdered glass is fused to be a frit glass; and the frit glass and a second glass substrate are heated while disposing in close contact with each other, so that the frit glass and the second glass substrate are welded together to form a closed space by the frit glass, the first glass substrate, and the second glass substrate. A light-emitting element is sealed with the glass sealed body, so that the sealing is hardly broken even when impact or external force is applied.

Abstract: A heat exchanger system for use in a directional solidification furnace is disclosed. The heat exchanger includes a plate having a flow path formed in the plate for directing a flow of coolant. The flow path has an inlet positioned adjacent an outlet. A wall separates the inlet and the outlet of the flow path. The heat exchanger includes a cover having an opening in fluid communication with the inlet and the outlet of the flow path. An inner conduit is connected to the inlet of the flow path and an outer conduit is connected to the outlet of the flow path.

Abstract: An isothermal, low pressure-based process of depositing material within a substrate has been developed, and is particularly useful in forming an optical fiber preform results in creating an extremely narrow reaction zone within which a more uniform and efficient deposition will occur. Sets of isothermal plasma operating conditions have been found that create a narrow deposition zone, assuring that the deposited material is clear glass rather than soot particles. The exhaust end of the tube is connected to a vacuum system which is in turn connected to a scrubber apparatus for removal and neutralization of reaction by-products. The operating conditions are selected such that the hot plasma does not transfer a substantial amount of heat to the substrate tube, where the presence of such heat has been found to result in vaporizing the reactant material (creating soot) and developing hot spots.

Abstract: A circular knitting machine includes lower bricks, guiding elements attached to the lower bricks and formed with a guiding groove extending like the profile of a peak, needles, upper bricks, hooks movably connected to the upper bricks. Each of the needles includes a rear edge, a front edge, a body extending from a head to a tail, and a fin extending from the body and being movable in the guiding groove of a related one of the guiding elements so that the needle is movable up and down relative to the guiding elements as the needle is movable around the guiding element. The head of each of the needles includes a first inclined edge extending downward from the rear edge, a second inclined edge extending toward the rear edge while extending downward from the first inclined edge, and a recess defined between the second inclined edge and the front edge.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to knitting and crocheting. More particularly, the present invention relates to an apparatus for simplified and controlled counting of rows during knitting and crocheting.

Abstract: A method and device for automatically measuring the yarn length absorbed by a rectilinear machine adapted to produce an article and comprising a carriage (3) movable to-and-fro over a needle bed (1) between two ends of a working path, needles (2) moving towards said carriage (3) to cooperate with the yarn (F) and form an article, said yarn unwinding from a feeder (5) comprising means for measuring the yarn quantity fed at constant tension towards said needle bed; the feeder (5) measures and constantly monitors the yarn feed velocity, this monitoring enabling the fed and knitted yarn quantity to be obtained in real time and each measurement to be associated with the respective carriage travel stroke, this information enabling precise regulation of the knitting cams.

Abstract: A theft-prevention unit (10; 50) for an item, includes a first portion (12) having a spike (16) intended for passing through the item or a packaging containing the item and a second portion (30; 52) provided with an opening (32b; 54b) for inserting the spike and also includes a locking element to prevent the retraction of the spike after the insertion thereof. The two portions are assembled together and maintained in assembled position according to two possible assembly modes: in a first prevention mode, the spike of the first portion is inserted in the opening of the second portion and the locking element is activated such that a user cannot separate the portions without using a tool; in a second provisional assembly mode, the two portions are mutually attached by a provisional attachment member such that a user can separate the two portions from one another without using a tool.

Abstract: A door locking device for a door cooperating with a door frame includes a cylinder lock and at least one elongated bolt for moving linearly to engage to and disengage from the door frame. A transmission includes an operating wheel for translating circular motion of a rotor of the cylinder lock to a linear motion of the elongated bolt. The transmission includes at least one electromechanical clutch gear that is engagable in response to a trigger signal to enable the circular motion to rotate the operating wheel, and that is disengagable to disable the circular motion from rotating the operating wheel. An emergency unlocking mechanism includes a gear arm that is connected to a handle for turning the operating wheel when the handle is turned, disengaging the elongated bolt from the door frame.

Abstract: The invention relates to a module for extending a retractable insert of a key, in particular for a motor vehicle, which is intended to be mounted in a casing for said key and which comprises an insert (5, 7), intended to be pivotably mounted relative to said casing (3) between an inoperative and an operative position, and comprising a bit (7) and a bit holder (5), which is pivotably mounted relative to said casing (3), and a mechanism for extending the insert (5, 7), which includes a push-button (19), and an elastic return element (23) for the insert (5, 7) consisting of a helical torsion spring, one end (23a) of which is connected to the insert (5, 7), in order to urge the insert (5, 7) by pivoting towards said operative position, when the push-button (19) is actuated.

Abstract: A composting apparatus and method is described. The apparatus comprises a cylindrical drum which is horizontally rotatably supported. A hopper is disposed at a feed end of the drum for receiving organic waste material in soft or hard form. A material shredding mechanism and a grinding mechanism are rotatably secured in the hopper and driven in counter-rotation for shredding and grinding the organic waste material and feeding it into an inlet opening of the drum. A series of material mixing and conveying vane assemblies are secured spaced-apart inside the drum and define sub-composting compartments therebetween. The material mixing and conveying vane assemblies have a plurality of vanes secured in spaced-apart relationship and project interiorly towards a central longitudinal axis of the drum and are oriented at a common angle to mix, further shred and displace shredded and ground material from the inlet opening towards the rear discharge end of the drum.

Abstract: System, including methods and compositions, for making and using fungi that are adapted transgenically to metabolize phosphite as a source of phosphorus for supporting growth.

Abstract: Fertilizer granules and methods of producing fertilizer granules. The fertilizer granules are formed from a fertilizer composition, such as a phosphate fertilizer, includes a fibrous material for the purpose of increasing the granule strength preventing or reducing attrition or dusting formation during storage, transport, and/or handling of the fertilizer. Dust formation can be reduced fifty percent or more. The base fertilizer composition can include a phosphate fertilizer, such as monoammonium phosphate (MAP) or diammonium phosphate (DAP), and optionally one or more micronutrients or secondary nutrients, such as elemental sulfur. The fibrous material is pulp or paper sludge, for example.

Abstract: The present application provides a method for adjusting spring characteristics of a spring to desired spring characteristics. In the adjusting method of the present application, first, the spring is compressed until a “load-displacement” measurement line obtained by measuring the load applied to the spring and the displacement of the spring meets a “load-displacement” target line determined based on “load-displacement” characteristics of the spring and the desired spring characteristics (S10-S14). Next, the spring is expanded such that the load applied to the spring decreases along the “load-displacement” target line (S18).

Abstract: A method of hydro-forming an elongated tubular member that has areas of predicted high strain and areas of predicted low strain. The tubular member is initially deformed into a preliminary preform shape by compression in a preform die. Metal in the areas of predicted low strain is stretched during the preforming process by radially deforming the tube between two halves of the preform die. The preliminary preform is then expanded with internal hydro-forming pressure to form a preformed tube. The preformed tube is then hydro-formed into a final die to form the final shape for the part. The extra metal in the areas of low strain is stretched into the areas of high strain in the final hydro-forming operation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a compression rolling mill for compressing a metal strand sideways, having a pair of mutually engaging rollers (9, 10), arranged perpendicular to the center axes, connected to a rotary drive (31, 32; 34) by means of articulated shafts (29, 30), characterized in that the two rollers (9, 10) are connected to the rotary drive (31, 32; 34) by means of a gearbox (27, 28) adjustable together with the rollers (9, 10) and by means of articulated shafts (29, 30) each connected to one of the two gearboxes (27, 28), wherein the articulated shafts (29, 30) are inclined at an acute angle to the horizontal.

Abstract: A device to process a blank (3) that includes at least one outer shaping tool (8) that may be radially positioned or radially displaced. An inner shaping tool (9) is mounted co-axially to the main machine axis (x) of the main spindle (1.1). The inner shaping tool (9) may be axially displaced and/or axially positioned with respect to the axial position of the outer shaping tools (8).

Abstract: A modular rolling mill has a mill pass line along which products roll. The rolling mill comprises first gear units arranged along a first line parallel to the mill pass line. Each first gear unit is driven individually by a motor and has a pair of mechanically interconnected first shafts. Second gear units are arranged along a second line between and parallel to the first line and the mill pass line. Each second gear unit has a pair of mechanically interconnected second shafts. Rolling units are arranged along the mill pass line, which are driven by an input shaft and has a pair of roll shafts carrying work rolls. First couplings connect the first shafts of each first gear unit to second shafts of two successive gear units, and second couplings releasable connect the second shafts of the second gear units to the input shafts of two successive rolling units.

Abstract: The invention provides a measuring device for measuring soot deposition, said device having a measuring probe (3) for measuring the quantity of soot deposited on a collection surface (2) of an elongate dielectric substrate, said probe including detection electrodes (6, 7) that are arranged in adjacent manner and that are for connecting to an electronic system that is capable of evaluating the quantity of soot deposited on the collection surface. In the invention, the device includes, for at least one detection electrode (6, 7), a measurement loop (B1) that includes said at least one detection electrode (6, 7) and that is connected to a detection system for detecting the variation in the electric resistance of said measurement loop, so as to determine the operating state of said detection electrode.

Abstract: A system and method of validating checkweigher performance (weighing accuracy). The invention involves removing an object to be weighed from a conveyor prior to the object reaching a checkweigher to be validated, weighing the object on a static scale, reintroducing the object to the conveyor upstream of the checkweigher, weighing the object with the checkweigher, and comparing the two weight readings of the object to determine if the checkweigher is accurately weighing objects. Validation objects may be automatically removed from the conveyor by a transfer mechanism.

Abstract: A particulate detection system (1, 2, 3) detects the quantity of particulates S contained in exhaust gas EG discharged from an internal combustion engine ENG and flowing through an exhaust pipe EP. The system (1, 2, 3) includes a detection section (10) attached to the exhaust pipe EP; and a drive processing circuit (201) electrically connected to the detection section (10), driving the detection section (10), and detecting and processing a signal Is from the detection section 10. The drive processing circuit (201) includes drive start delay means (S2, S3, S11, S12, S13, S22, S23) for delaying start of the drive of the detection section (10) until a start condition determined by the drive processing circuit (201) is satisfied after startup of the internal combustion engine ENG.

Abstract: A tamper detector is provided for safeguarding a radiological source that is moved into and out of a storage location through an access porthole for storage and use. The radiological source is presumed to have an associated shipping container approved by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission for transporting the radiological source. The tamper detector typically includes a network of sealed tubing that spans at least a portion of the access porthole. There is an opening in the network of sealed tubing that is large enough for passage therethrough of the radiological source and small enough to prevent passage therethrough of the associated shipping cask. Generally a gas source connector is provided for establishing a gas pressure in the network of sealed tubing, and a pressure drop sensor is provided for detecting a drop in the gas pressure below a preset value.

Abstract: Acoustic system for leak detection. The system includes a disk-shaped probe for insertion into fluid flowing within a pipe. The probe has a convex front surface facing in the flow direction and a substantially flat rear surface. The probe further includes wheels to engage a pipe wall to maintain the probe's orientation within the pipe. At least one pressure sensor is embedded in the probe and is responsive to pressure changes resulting from a leak in the pipe wall. Data collection circuitry is disposed in the probe to receive probe location data and to receive an acoustic signal from the pressure sensor from which the pressure and location of a leak may be determined.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for testing float equipment used in the construction of wellbores for the hydrocarbon exploration and production industry. The apparatus has a housing and an opening for receiving an item of float equipment. A seal arrangement is configured to seal with the item of float equipment, such that the housing and seal arrangement together define a test chamber. The test chamber is pressurised to expose at least a part of the item of float equipment in the test chamber to a test pressure. In embodiments of the invention, at least a part of an outside surface and at least a part of the item of float equipment may be simultaneously loaded. The tests performed more closely simulate the conditions to which the equipment is exposed in a wellbore.

Abstract: Described is a method of transferring a chromatographic method between liquid chromatography (LC) systems. The method is based on a determination of an isoretention temperature at which two solutes co-elute. The method enables separations to be performed using different LC systems with reproducible and equivalent results. For example, the method allows for a chromatography method developed for HPLC to be more readily transferred to a UPLC system and for a chromatography method developed for a UPLC system to be more readily transferred to a HPLC system. The method addresses LC systems having column ovens of different design in which the internal column temperatures are not equal although the operating temperatures of the column ovens may be accurately controlled to equal values. The retention behavior and resolution of different LC systems is caused to be substantially the same so that equivalent separation results are obtained.

Abstract: An analytical device for automated determining of a measured variable of a measured liquid, including: a measuring cell; a measuring transducer; a control unit; a system of liquid lines; a first liquid container which is connected to the measuring cell via a first liquid path; a second liquid container, which is connected to the measuring cell via a second liquid path, liquid path can be blocked by means of at least a second valve; wherein a first pump is associated with the first liquid container; and wherein a second pump (different from the first pump) for transport of liquid along the second liquid path is associated with the second liquid container; and wherein the analytical device has a central valve switching mechanism, especially controllable by the control unit, for actuating the first valve and the second valve.

Abstract: A method for assessing the water resistance of an antiperspirant product.

Abstract: A wear-indicating system includes a wear-indicating mark applied to a portion of a surface edge margin of an internal component of a turbine. The wear-indicating mark is visually discernible from the surface edge margin through boroscopic inspection. An inner extent of the wear-indicating mark is spaced a pre-selected distance from the surface edge.

Abstract: A method of more accurately measuring steam turbine efficiency is disclosed in which the sealing steam in the steam turbine is re-routed so that a more accurate measure of steam turbine efficiency can be made. Some of the steam entering a turbine goes into the turbine's end pack and then mixes with the steam that goes through the turbine. Piping is added from one of the end pack line's to the condenser. This added line has a valve, pressure, temperature and flow measuring devices. As the valve is opened, the amount of flow going to the end pack line allowing the end pack steam mix with the steam that goes through the turbine is reduced. As the flow in this line is reduced the measured temperature at the turbine exhaust will also decrease. The amount that the valve is opened is increased until either the exhaust temperature has reached a minimum, or the enthalpy in the pipe changes from the initial enthalpy.

Abstract: A test rig for dynamic test assignments on internal combustion engines is equipped with a preferably electrical drive and/or loading device which is coupled to a control device for adapting and controlling setpoint values for a speed and a torque characteristic. For a test rig of this kind, in order to enable the setpoint values determined by a speed and a torque characteristic to be optimally adapted and controlled for the respective test assignment and so that they can be reproduced on the test rig in the best possible manner, the control device can be adapted in terms of adjusting the weighting of speed control to torque control.

Abstract: The invention relates to a test device for testing test vehicles, said test device having a receiving device for a vehicle mock-up. The receiving device for a vehicle mock-up is positioned on a rail system of the test device such that it can be moved.

Abstract: Next-generation intelligent tire systems, such as active and adaptive tire systems and methods, are disclosed. Various embodiments of the invention can sense actual tire, road and driving conditions and characteristics, and/or respond to externally controlled influences, and dynamically adapt thereto, thereby improving vehicle and passenger safety.

Abstract: Fluid tests may be performed to determine suitability of an additive for a production enhancement treatment. In one aspect, a measuring device is used to determine a result of adding a sample of solid material to a test fluid that includes an additive. The result may include, for example, a change in surface tension, a change in contact angle, and/or another result. The measured result is used to determine the suitability of the additive for use in a stimulation treatment for a subterranean formation. For example, the additive may be determined suitable for use during a pad phase of a fracture treatment, during a proppant-laden phase of a fracture treatment, and/or for other phases and/or types of stimulation treatments.

Abstract: A downhole tool includes a body that includes a sample port through which a sample fluid can be drawn into the downhole tool and a sample channel passing through the body in fluid communication with the sample port and through which the sample fluid travels. The sample channel includes a sample chamber having an inlet and an outlet located along the sample channel, the sample chamber including three cylindrical chambers including a middle resonator cavity surrounded by two outer resonator cavities, one of the two outer resonator cavities including a sensor inlet for receiving a sensor and allowing it to fluidly contact the sample fluid as it travels through the sample channel.

Abstract: In a borehole logging tool, the flow of conductive fluid into or out of a wellbore at the wellbore wall is detected and measured with a sensor loop proximate the borehole inner wall. The sensor loop includes a series of contiguous sensors that act as electromagnetic flowmeters and provide fluid measurements covering the entire circumference of the sensor loop. The sensor loop includes an elastic element that forces the sensor loop outward to maintain pressure along the sensor loop circumference against the interior borehole wall. The sensor loop is designed to lie at a non-perpendicular angle to the wellbore axis, and mechanical arms press the top and bottom of the loop against the borehole inner wall.

Abstract: The invention relates to a logging tool for determining the properties of a fluid surrounding the tool arranged downhole in a casing comprising a wall and having a longitudinal extension. The logging tool has a substantially longitudinal cylindrical shape with a longitudinal axis, and the logging tool comprises a sensor unit comprising an anemometer having a resistance probe electrically connected with three other resistors, a voltmeter and an amplifier for forming a bridge circuit, such as a Wheatstone bridge, having bridge current and bridge voltage. The invention further relates to a method for determining the properties of a fluid by means of the logging tool.

Abstract: Mobile devices are re-supplied with fluids on a periodic basis thereby eliminating the need to maintain a permanent connection between an external fluid supply and the moving device. Electronic scanning devices generate heat and operate at varying and high temperature conditions that interfere with operations of the scanner heads. Circulating a heat transfer fluid through the sensor head removes excess heat from heat sensitive regions of the sensor head during operations. Once the heat transfer fluid reaches a predetermined temperature or after passage of a predetermined length of time, the scanner head is maneuvered to a docking station where it is coupled to an external heat fluid source where fresh fluid is supplied to the scanner head.

Abstract: An aerosol delivery system (e.g., MDI or nebulizer for delivering aerosolized medication to a patient) includes a temperature sensor in an aerosol output pathway of the system. A controller determines that an aerosol generator of the system has released aerosol when the sensor senses a predetermined temperature change in the pathway. The temperature sensor may also comprise a thermal flow sensor that includes a heater and upstream and downstream temperature sensors. The controller compares the upstream and downstream temperatures to determine the presence, direction, and/or magnitude of fluid flow in the pathway. The controller may use the aerosol detection and/or flow detection to monitor compliance with desired use of the system and/or provide real-time instructions to a user for proper use of the system. The controller may record the aerosolization and flow data for later analysis.

Abstract: An instrumentation rake assembly comprises a rake tower capped at an immersed end and mated to a lead carrier at a base end. The rake tower comprises a curved wall oriented along a longitudinal axis and supporting a plurality of probe holders. The curved wall has an inner surface defining an internal passage for carrying instrumentation from the probe holders to the lead carrier. In another aspect, an instrumentation rake assembly comprises a plurality of rake towers, each having a base end and an immersed end, and each rake tower being coupled at its immersed end to one or more other rake towers.

Abstract: A system includes a fuel level determination module, an adjusting module, and a gauge control module. The fuel level determination module outputs a measured fuel level based on a fuel level signal generated by a fuel level sensor. After an ignition system of the vehicle is turned on, the adjusting module adjusts a present fuel level toward the measured fuel level based on a first rate when a refueling event was detected while the ignition system was off and adjusts the present fuel level toward the measured fuel level based on a second rate when a refueling event was not detected while the ignition system was off. The first rate is faster than the second rate. The gauge control module controls a fuel level gauge to display the present fuel level.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for determining at least one process variable of a medium in a container or in a pipeline. The apparatus including: at least a first element and a second element, which are necessary components of the apparatus for determining the process variable and which contact at a contact location, which is exposed to a process temperature. The first element comprises a first material, and the second element comprises a second material. The first material and the second material are selected and matched to one another in such a manner that at the contact location between the first material and the second material a thermovoltage dependent on the difference between the process temperature and a reference temperature arises; and a temperature determining unit measures the thermovoltage and determines the process temperature therefrom.

Abstract: A liquid level detection apparatus includes a rotation member axially supported by a fixed member. The rotation member includes the following. A contact portion press contacts an end surface making connection between both side surfaces of a magnet member. A pair of elastic deformation portions are protruded from the contact portion; each elastic deformation portion engages with a side surface of the magnet member in an elastically deformed state resulting from press to the magnet. A pair of pawl portions are protruded respectively from the elastic deformation portions while enabling the magnet member to be sandwiched between the contact portion and the pawl portions. A pair of plastic deformation portions are protruded from the elastic deformation portions, respectively; each of the plastic deformation portions engages with the side surface of the magnet member in a plastically deformed state resulting from the press to the magnet.

Abstract: A particulate material monitoring system for efficiently monitoring the level of particulate material within a container. The particulate material monitoring system generally includes a flange defining a front opening, a viewing cover attached to the flange covering the front opening, a viewing wall connected to the flange and a rear opening extending through the viewing wall.