Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention is a unique vehicle having a hybrid drive system. Other embodiments include unique hybrid drive systems. Still other embodiments include apparatuses, systems, devices, hardware, methods, and combinations for fluid driven actuation systems. Further embodiments, forms, features, aspects, benefits, and advantages of the present application shall become apparent from the description and figures provided herewith.

Abstract: A composite sintered powder metal article including a first region including a cemented hard particle material such as, for example, cemented carbide. The article includes a second region including: a metallic material selected from a steel, nickel, a nickel alloy, titanium, a titanium alloy, molybdenum, a molybdenum alloy, cobalt, a cobalt alloy, tungsten, a tungsten alloy; and from 0 up to 30 percent by volume of hard particles. The first region is metallurgically bonded to the second region, and each of the first region and the second region has a thickness of greater than 100 microns. The second region comprises at least one mechanical attachment feature so that the composite sintered powder metal article can be attached to another article. The article comprises one of an earth boring article, a metalcutting tool, a metalforming tool, a woodworking tool, and a wear article.

Abstract: A multiple generator elution system for selectively eluting from a plurality of parent-daughter generators according to an elution schedule it calculates taking into account supply data, demand data, and available activity in each of the generators.

Abstract: A method of producing metallic iron nuggets includes providing a hearth with refractory material, and providing a reducible mixture above at least a portion of the hearth, where the reducible mixture includes reducible iron bearing material, reducing material such that the reducible mixture has a quantity of reducible iron bearing material and between about 65% and about 90% of a stoichiometric amount of reducing material necessary for complete iron reduction of the reducible iron material, between about 1% and 4% by weight manganese oxide, between about 1% and 3% by weight fluorspar, and additives providing a slag basicity ratio of CaO/SiO2 between 1.2 and 1.7. Then the method includes thermally treating the reducible mixture in the presence of other carbonaceous material separate from the reducible mixture forming one or more metallic iron nuggets by melting.

Abstract: An apparatus for filing a saw chain has a guide for a file holder, a file and a saw chain. The saw chain has cutting teeth wherein a depth limiter is arranged leading each cutting tooth. The guide has a placement part, which can be seated on the saw chain, and a carriage. The carriage accommodates the file holder. The carriage is mounted on the placement part in a displaceable manner in a displacement direction transversely to the longitudinal direction of the saw chain. The file holder is guided at an angle to this longitudinal direction and is supported on the cutting tooth to be filed and on the depth limiter. For a guide for the file holder, the carriage has two parallel side guides, which are arranged at a distance from each other, are arranged perpendicularly to the displacement direction, and delimit a receptacle for the file holder.

Abstract: A can opener is adapted for engaging and lifting a tab attached to the flat upper surface (top) of a sealed can, with the upraised tab engaging and downwardly displacing a sealing member for opening the can. The opener includes a handle with first and second arms extending therefrom. The curvilinear first arm is adapted for positioning between the can's upper surface and the tab and for raising the tab when the handle is pivotally moved outwardly from the can's upper edge which acts as a fulcrum in engaging a lower portion of the curvilinear first arm. A second arm extending from the handle and disposed in closely spaced relation from the first arm includes a pointed end portion adapted to engage and puncture an upper lateral portion of the can to prevent formation of an air lock in the can for facilitating the discharge of the liquid contents of the can.

Abstract: An interchangeable socket for a socket wrench or other tool is disclosed. The socket has a fastener-receiving end, dimensioned to receive and fit a specified fastener. The socket has a post-receiving end dimensioned to receive and fit a square cross-section drive post. The post-receiving end has a square cross-section hollow bounded by four walls intersecting at corners of the hollow. The post-receiving end has guide surfaces that intersect with the four walls and each other. The guide surfaces cooperate with the drive post to rotate and align the drive post with the square cross-section hollow. The guide surfaces are symmetric with respect to the four walls. The guide surfaces are symmetric with respect to the corners of the square cross-section hollow.

Abstract: A screwdriver includes a grip defining an accommodation chamber, an inner tube with interference holes mounted in the accommodation chamber, a rod member movable in and out of the inner tube and having interference grooves corresponding to the interference holes and a neck and carrying a latching member, an operating device set, which includes an operating member rotatably mounted at the front side of the grip, interference members and an actuation member having a pressure wall for holding down the interference members, a first elastic member, a ring cap having an axial hole and a stop wall around the axial hole for stopping the latching member, and a second elastic member. Thus, the screwdriver is operable by rotating the operating member and effectively prevents the rod member from being ejected out of the grip.

Abstract: A wrench for engaging a workpiece comprises a pair of fixed jaws and a pair of movable jaws being movable relative to the pair of fixed jaws. The workpiece includes a plurality of flats which may be adjoined at a plurality of corners. The pairs of fixed and movable jaws may be configured to engage the workpiece in at least one of a flat engaging position and a corner engaging position. The flat engaging position comprises the pairs of fixed and movable jaws being engaged to one of the flats on each one of the opposing sides of the workpiece. The corner engaging position comprises the pairs of fixed and movable jaws being engaged to an adjacent pair of the flats on each one of the opposing sides of the workpiece.

Abstract: A screwdriver bit configured in such a way that when the tip of the screwdriver bit is to be fitted into a bit fitting groove of a screw, said bit fitting groove being formed on the top surface of the head of the screw, then damage is prevented from occurring on the top surface of the head of the screw, and proper fitting of the tip of said bit into the bit fitting groove is promptly and smoothly accomplished, with the result that the efficiency and safety of screw tightening work are significantly enhanced. This driver bit (30) is provided with a cross-shaped tip edge which is to be fitted into the bit fitting groove provided on the top surface of the head of the screw, said bit fitting groove consisting of a cross-shaped groove. In this driver bit (30), the tip surface of said tip edge (31) is formed as a whole into a spherical surface shape (34) by means of planishing.

Abstract: In a cutting apparatus a rotating carousel conveys caps made of synthetic plastic material to a fixed blade having the shape of a circumferential arc. The caps are rotated about themselves by spindles. The blade cuts an annular weakening line to form the tamperproof ring of the cap. The carousel has an emitter and a laser receiver that cooperate to detect the presence or absence of the cutting edge of the fixed blade. The apparatus ensures good cutting quality.

Abstract: An apparatus, method, and system are provided for cutting panels of stock material for producing hard book casings. The apparatus may include a transport mechanism, a vertical cutter, and/or a horizontal cutter. The vertical cutter may produce a vertical cut of the stock material. The horizontal cutter may produce a horizontal cut of the stock material. The apparatus may produce properly dimensioned panels from the stock material in a single pass.

Abstract: A method of producing a decorative carpet tile may include providing a carpet tile in accordance with the prior art techniques and then treating at least two carpet tiles in one of various manners to provide separations internal to side edges of the carpet tile. Specifically, two tiles can be treated simultaneously, in register and/or without moving the second tile after treating the first tile.

Abstract: A portable circular saw guide system for use with a portable circular saw. The system may comprise a U-shaped channel track, a saw sled, and a spacer bar. A user may make accurate and straight lengthwise cuts in sheeting material quickly and easily without employing a table saw using the system. The user's own portable circular saw is coupled to the top surface of the saw sled using the sled's two biasing clamps. A spacer bar is used to gauge the distance between the inside flat surface (distal edge) of the saw blade and the channel track for securing the exact position of the portable circular saw on the saw sled. The channel track is clamped parallel to the cut-line and the saw sled placed within the U-shaped channel. The saw is turned on and the saw with the coupled sled is pushed through the channel to make the cut.

Abstract: The provision of a hardened elevated surface within the a inside die cutting area of a cutting rule to limit and control the extent to which die cut scrap processed corrugated fiberboard sheet material can position itself within the area within the cutting rule before ejection limit the tendency for instability within the cutting rule after the die cut is achieved and to better control the ejection of the scrap processed corrugated fiberboard sheet material to better eliminate unwanted scrap downstream of the die cutting process. Eliminated scrap reduces malfunctions in further processing and helps to eliminate health and contamination hazards in the finished corrugated fiberboard sheet product.

Abstract: A flying saw has at least one guide rail, on which a saw apparatus is mounted so as to be movable along profile or pipe material to be cut to predetermined lengths, by way of at least one travel drive, particularly synchronous to the advancing movement of the profile or pipe material during cutting. The at least one guide rail as well as the travel drive are disposed above the saw apparatus, and no machine bed is present.

Abstract: A power tool arrangement includes a frame having an outlet. A power tool is coupled to the frame and includes a movable working element configured to engage a work piece. A hose includes first and second opposite ends and a biasing device configured to bias the hose into a longitudinally compressed position. The first end is coupled to the outlet. The second end is coupled to the working element such that the second end follows the movement of the working element and the hose thereby moves between the longitudinally compressed position and a longitudinally expanded position.

Abstract: A flying saw has at least one guide rail, on which a saw apparatus is mounted so as to be displaceable along a profile or pipe material to be cut to predetermined lengths, by way of at least one travel drive, particularly synchronous to the advancing movement of the profile or pipe material during cutting. The saw apparatus is disposed within a frame element that is mounted so as to be displaceable on the guide rail. The saw apparatus is releasably connected with the frame element.

Abstract: A musical instrument of the chordophone family is provided that has reduced stresses and strains, and is easily assembled. A braceless system both reduces the stresses and allows for the elimination of bracing. As a consequence, a binding and kerfing unit is used, further increasing the ease of construction. Additionally, the instrument is provided with an offset headstock to allow the strings to be normal to the bridge, still further reducing the stresses and strains in the instrument. A method of constructing the instrument is also provided.

Abstract: In general, the present invention provides a tailpiece for a musical instrument. Among other things, the tailpiece includes a plurality of openings for receiving a plurality of strings and a detachable tuner positioned within one or more of the plurality of openings. Among other features, the tailpiece includes a set of detachable keyhole inserts positioned within one or more of the openings of the tailpiece unoccupied by a detachable tuner. Each detachable tuner is interchangeable with one of the detachable keyhole string inserts, thus allowing players to use tuners with any string desired for complete customization based on each player's preference.

Abstract: A stringed musical instrument employs springs to apply tension to corresponding musical strings. Each spring is chosen and configured for its ability to impart a string tension generally matched to the appropriate tension of the string at perfect tune. Preferably, the spring is selected and arranged so that the tension in the string maintains at or near perfect tune even as the string elongates or contracts over time. In one embodiment, a force modulating member is interposed between a spring and its corresponding musical string. The force modulating member is adapted so that the tension actually applied to the string by the spring is not linearly related to the force exerted by the spring as the spring changes in length.

Abstract: A device for facilitating the stringing of a guitar is provided. More specifically, a device is provided that includes a head portion with at least one member for contacting and maintaining a first end of a guitar string around a cylindrical axle of a guitar bridge while the other end of the string is being interconnected to the tuning pegs of the instrument. Thus, the tool facilitates the stringing of a guitar by, for example, allowing the use of both hands to interconnect a second end of the guitar string to the tuning peg.

Abstract: A method of locating, discovering, and memorizing the names of the notes for acoustic and electric stringed musical instruments is disclosed. The method includes joining the frontal view of the fingerboard of the instrument with a labeled virtual view of the fingerboard applied to the back of the instrument neck in a location corresponding to respective frets on the front.

Abstract: A musical instrument having strings and a soundboard, wherein the soundboard is excited by the strings by a transducer and is associated with differential stiffening mechanism defining at least two zones of the soundboard that present complementary vibratory behaviors. The two zones are separated by a slot extending along a common boundary between the two zones. The transducer extends across the slot so as to be connected to both zones of the soundboard, such that both zones are excited simultaneously when action is taken on one of the strings.

Abstract: Protective armor panels comprising a grid formed of a plurality of strips of material having a front edge, a back edge, and side surfaces and a sheet of material secured to the front surface of the grid are disclosed. The strips of material can be contoured to form an armor panel having virtually any arbitrary shape.

Abstract: A rifle with an upper receiver and a barrel attached to the upper receiver and including a bolt carrier, and operating, buffer, and cooling systems. The operating system includes a cylinder and a piston coupled to receive propelling gases from the barrel. As the piston moves between retracted and extended positions the bolt carrier is moved between closed and open positions. The bolt carrier includes a weight movable within a guide frame between rearward and forward limits. The buffer system includes a compression spring in a tube attached to the upper receiver in abutting engagement with the bolt carrier. A partially fluid filled cylinder is attached to a coil of the spring and includes a piston and shaft. The piston is formed so that fluid in the cylinder restricts movement in one direction and allows free movement in a second direction.

Abstract: A lifting mechanism is disclosed which is operated hydraulically and is configured to be mounted or used on a mobile working machine. The lifting mechanism or its hydraulics have a relieving pressure limiting valve which can be regulated as a function of the ground profile. For this purpose, a directly or indirectly measuring sensor arrangement is provided. Furthermore, a method is disclosed which serves for regulating a relieving pressure of a lifting mechanism of a mobile working machine. The method has the following steps (i) detection of the ground profile via a sensor arrangement, and (ii) limitation of the relieving pressure of a relieving line by setting an opening pressure of an electronically activatable proportional relieving pressure limiting valve via a control unit as a function of signals from the sensor arrangement.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus relate to recovery of carbon dioxide and/or hydrogen sulfide from a gas mixture. Separating of the carbon dioxide, for example, from the gas mixture utilizes a liquid sorbent for the carbon dioxide. The liquid sorbent contacts the gas mixture for transfer of the carbon dioxide from the gas mixture to the liquid sorbent. The carbon dioxide then desorbs from the liquid sorbent using hollow-fiber contactors as a source of heat to liberate the carbon dioxide further separated by the hollow-fiber contactors from the liquid sorbent.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus relate to recovery of carbon dioxide and/or hydrogen sulfide from a gas mixture. Separating of the carbon dioxide, for example, from the gas mixture utilizes a liquid sorbent for the carbon dioxide. The liquid sorbent contacts the gas mixture for transfer of the carbon dioxide from the gas mixture to the liquid sorbent. Contacting of the sorbent with the gas mixture and/or desorption of the carbon dioxide from the liquid sorbent utilize hollow-fiber contactors that have permeable walls and incorporate particles distinct from a remainder of the walls to influence wetting properties of the contactors.

Abstract: Rotary valves are disclosed, comprising a seal sheet affixed to a rotor. At least some area, namely a “rotor plate surface mating area” is provided, over which a seal sheet anchoring assembly can directly abut, along a planar portion, the rotor plate surface that is in contact with the seal sheet. This advantageously provides an area of direct contacting between the seal sheet anchoring assembly, or one of its components, and the rotor plate, with the abutting surfaces being defined by consistently rigid materials (e.g., metals such as stainless steel) that undergo substantially no deformation, compression, or softening over conditions of normal operation.

Abstract: What is proposed is an apparatus for separating liquid droplets out of a feed gas stream comprising them comprising a delay vessel (1) for preliminary separation of some of the liquid droplets out of the feed gas stream under the action of gravity, with an inlet line (2) for the feed gas stream into the delay vessel (1) and an outlet line (3) for the gas stream which has been depleted of liquid droplets and flows out of the delay vessel (1), and tangential supply thereof into a centrifugal droplet separator (4), the outlet line (3) being arranged in the upper region of the delay vessel (1) and being spaced apart from the inlet line (2) to such an extent that the delay time of the gas stream in the delay vessel (1) is at a maximum, and with an outlet line (5) for the liquid separated in the delay vessel (1) at the base thereof, and wherein the centrifugal droplet separator (4) used is an axially symmetric apparatus with a vertical longitudinal axis and circular cross section, with a jacket and hoods at the upp

Abstract: To provide a filter device for separating paint overspray from a raw gas flow containing overspray particles, comprising a casing, which delimits an interior of the filter device, in which at least one filter element is arranged, and at least one inlet channel, through which the raw gas flow enters the interior of the filter device, in which the raw gas flow is stabilised by the inlet channel even with high flow speeds in the constriction of the inlet channel, it is proposed that the filter device has an intake channel, which runs into the inlet channel upstream of an end of the inlet channel on the interior side and connects the inlet channel to the interior of the filter device.

Abstract: A filter includes a plurality of annular filter elements arranged in axially staggered relation. An axial flow path includes a plurality of flow path segments, some being filtered by a respective filter element, and others bypassing a respective filter element. Various combinations are provided.

Abstract: A gas chromatography system comprising a sample introduction device, an oven coupled to the sample introduction device and a detector coupled to the oven is disclosed. In certain examples, the oven may be configured to receive a chromatography column in a space in the oven. In some examples, the oven may be constructed and arranged to provide a substantially constant temperature to the space during an analysis stage of the gas chromatography system.

Abstract: A gypsum dewatering device 2 installed in a desulfurization facility 105 in which sulfur oxide in flue gas G is absorbed by limestone in an absorber 1, includes a belt filter 22 that absorbs sulfur oxide and dewaters gypsum slurry SS fed from the absorber 1 to form a gypsum cake SC, a vacuum suction mechanism 23 that sucks moisture in the gypsum cake SC via the belt filter 22, a moisture measuring means H1 that measures a moisture content of the gypsum cake SC to be dewatered by the belt filter 22, a heating means 25 that heats the gypsum cake SC dewatered by the belt filter 22 by hot water or steam, and a control means 26 that controls a heated state by the heating means 25 when the moisture content of the gypsum cake SC input from the moisture measuring means H1 has exceeded a predetermined amount.

Abstract: In a compressed air preparation device (1), a drying device (4) is arranged in a pressure line (2) that conducts compressed air. In order to control the supply of compressed air, a governor valve (19) is provided, wherein said governor valve can be actuated by pressure and in an electrical control operation is pilot controlled at a high pressure level by a solenoid valve that can be electrically actuated and which responds at a second, lower pressure level when the electrical signal at the solenoid valve is discontinued. In order to ensure that a motor vehicle equipped with the compressed air preparation device (1) can continue to travel in a nearly unlimited manner when the electrical control of the valves fails, means for carrying out the regeneration of the drying device (4) are provided according to the invention. Said means can be controlled by the governor valve (19) at the second, lower pressure level when the electrical supply fails.

Abstract: A flat bag, and method of producing one, filled with a small quantity of a matrix, such that the matrix is evenly spread over the entire bag to maintain a low profile through all foreseeable handling and transport conditions. The matrix contains a functional material that may be a desiccant, volatile organic chemical absorber, odor absorber, odor emitter, oxygen absorber, or a humectant.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a beverage-preparation device (1, 40) provided with a storage container (2) for liquid, a dispensing (4, 43) line connected to the storage container (2), at least two beverage-dispensing stations (6, 7, 9) each provided with a collecting reservoir (11, 12, 18, 41, 42), which collecting reservoirs are movable with respect to the dispensing line, a driving device (5, 21, 22) which engages with the dispensing line and/or the collecting reservoirs for displacing the dispensing line with respect to the collecting reservoirs in order to selectively bring the collecting reservoirs into liquid communication with the dispensing line and a control unit for controlling the driving device, characterized in that, within a dispensing period Td, the control unit brings the dispensing line into liquid communication with a first collecting reservoir in order to dispense a predetermined amount of liquid to each collecting reservoir, then with a second collecting reservoir and after that again w

Abstract: A beverage brewing device for use with a beverage brewer having an inlet probe for dispensing water and an outlet probe includes a body defining a brew chamber configured to contain a dry beverage medium and at least one outlet probe receptacle defined in the body and extending upwardly from a bottom surface of the body. The at least one outlet probe receptacle is sized and configured to receive the outlet probe. A lid is removably securable to the body and engageable with the body to selectively enclose a top opening of the body. An inlet probe opening is defined in the lid for receiving the inlet probe, and a filter is secured within at least one opening defined in the body. The filter is configured to retain a dry beverage medium within the brew chamber while allowing a brewed beverage to pass through the brew chamber.

Abstract: A beverage preparation machine comprises: a) a seat (5); b) a service unit (20, 30) in the seat for storing waste material, the service unit being —insertable manually into the seat into a collection position for collecting waste material such as waste liquid and/or waste beverage ingredient, optionally contained in a pre-portioned ingredient capsule; and —removable, in particular manually, from the seat for emptying the waste material upon collection thereof in the service unit, c) a control means for controlling proper insertion of the service unit in the seat. The control means comprises a touch-sensory feed-back mechanism (40, 50) arranged to indicate to a user an improper insertion of the service unit in the seat.

Abstract: In order to create a fully automatic electric coffee maker, at least comprising a housing (1) having a water tank (12), a water pump, a brewing unit (2), controls, an electrical controller (3), and a collecting container (4) for coffee remains (5) or used coffee grounds, possibly having a bean container (6) and a grinding assembly (7), wherein the formation of mildew is substantially or completely prevented, the fully automatic electric coffee maker being cheap and easy to produce and having a long operating life, at least one UV light source (8, 11, 13, 14, 15) is arranged on the housing (1) or inside the housing (1) in such a way that the parts of the fully automatic coffee machine in contact with used coffee grounds or coffee remains (5) and/or the coffee remains (5) or the used coffee grounds and/or the bean container (6) and/or the grinding assembly (7) and/or the water tank (12) and/or a connecting line between the water tank (12) and the water pump or the brewing unit (2) is or can be irradiated with u

Abstract: The present invention relates to a brewing unit for a coffee machine. The brewing unit comprises a brewing chamber in which a dose of coffee powder can be put, an inlet for supplying water to the chamber for preparing a coffee beverage, a first piston providing a moveable wall for adjusting the chamber internal volume, which wall has an outlet connected to a spout for delivering the coffee beverage to the user, and a valve assembly for connecting said spout to the brewing chamber or the atmosphere according to the position of the supporting means. Advantageously a second piston is provided which moves the first piston and supports the valve assembly. The second piston is also moveable with respect to the first piston, for actuating the valve assembly.

Abstract: The beverage brewing device is configured for use with a beverage brewer having an inlet probe for dispensing water and an outlet probe. The beverage brewing device includes a body defining a brew chamber configured to contain a dry beverage medium and at least one outlet probe receptacle defined in the body and extending upwardly from a bottom surface of the body. The at least one outlet probe receptacle is sized and configured to receive an outlet probe of a beverage brewer. A lid is removably securable to the body and is engageable with the body to selectively enclose a top opening of the body. An inlet probe opening is defined in the lid for receiving an inlet probe of the beverage brewer. At least one filter is defined within in the body, wherein the filter is configured to retain a dry beverage medium within the brew chamber while allowing a brewed beverage to pass through the brew chamber.

Abstract: An aircraft galley includes a beverage center including one or more hot beverage makers, and one or more combination oven-chiller units for multiple replaceable meal carrier rotables. The beverage center may also include an espresso maker, a milk frothing device, a hot water dispenser, a pull out drip tray, drain pan or sink, and a control panel. The aircraft galley also includes a main work deck with a sliding, pull-out work deck portion, and may include one or more pull-out combination drain-sink drawers including one or more individual drain-sinks.

Abstract: An automatic bread maker (1) comprises a body (10) in which a bread container (50) is accommodated; a grinding mechanism (54, 64) for grinding cereal grains in the container (50) accommodated in the body (10); a kneading mechanism (72, 60) for kneading into dough the bread ingredients in the bread container (50) accommodated in the body (10); and a bread ingredients storage container (80) for storing powdered bread ingredients to be automatically fed to the bread container (50) after the cereal grains have been ground by the grinding mechanism (54, 64).

Abstract: The multiple taco shaping and frying apparatus allows for five to ten tortillas to be pressed and formed into the perfect “V” shaped form and submerged into a standard home use deep fryer or pot.

Abstract: A universal grill attachment for attaching to a spinning mechanism to evenly and thoroughly cook food is provided. The spinning mechanism may be a rotisserie. A drive axle roller is connected to the rotisserie mounted on or near a heating mechanism, such as a grill. A plurality of driven rollers is connected to the drive axle. Chains about sprockets positioned at the ends of the rollers connect the rollers and drive axle. First and second frame members are positioned adjacent ends of the drive axle and plurality of driven rollers. Food, such as hot dogs, bratwursts, sausages, or other cylindrically shaped food, is positioned between the rollers such that the rollers rotate the food over the heat source to thoroughly and evenly cook the food.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for separating materials of different flowability that are mixed together, comprising a housing having side walls, a hollow drum driven rotationally and mounted on the side walls and having a perforated peripheral surface M, an endless compression belt that can be pressed against the peripheral surface M from the outside, wrapping around a portion of the circumference of the hollow drum, a product intake wedge for feeding a product flow, a supporting apparatus for the compression belt having at least one support element disposed on the side of the compression belt opposite the hollow drum, and a stripping means for stripping off the compressed material from the hollow drum, which is distinguished in that the stripping means is disposed in the area of the product intake wedge.

Abstract: A printer having an ink drying apparatus is provided. The printer includes a support substrate comprising two parts; a print assembly; a feed roller assembly to feed print media towards the print assembly along the support substrate; a heater substrate; and a silicone rubber heater, in form of thin sheet and attached tightly to a bottom surface of the heat substrate for transferring heat to the print media. The two parts of the support substrate are respectively installed on two sides of the heat substrate and below the print assembly, for supporting the print media. The heat substrate and the silicone rubber heater are set below the print assembly.

Abstract: Flexographic printing using a processor to apply a control value to an ink pumping and control system responsive to the control value, where the control value sets an operating mode of the ink pumping and control system, where the ink pumping and control system includes a stepper motor coupled to a peristaltic pump. Ink is pumped through the rotary coupling into a rotating diffusion cylinder and metered through a plurality of passages so as to contact a permeable membrane covering the diffusion cylinder. A dual blade assembly cleans the permeable membrane and ink passing through the permeable membrane is metered onto a printing plate or printing sleeve.