Abstract: A re-turning plant for rollers of rolling mills of the type comprising at least one roller stand and a plurality of rollers mounted to respective arms pivoting in the plane of the roller stand about respective pins that are fixed to the roller stand. The rollers are positioned within the roller stand in a work position in which work surfaces of the rollers determine the outer profile of a body to be rolled. The re-turning plant comprises a support structure configured to support the whole roller stand in a turning position, a tool-holding device that can be displaced in contact with the work surfaces of each roller fixed in the roller stand and mandrel means with means that can be rotatably coupled to each roller of the plurality of rollers fixed to the roller stand to rotate the same substantially in the work position.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of flying changing of working rolls in continuous casting and rolling installations and hot strip rolling mills, in particular in continuous hot strip rolling mills, wherein for exchange of working rolls by opening a rolling stand, those are disengaged from a to be rolled hot strip. According to the invention a regulated strip tension that can substitute the tension of the open rolling stand, is applied to the to-be-rolled hot strip with at least one hold-down roller that is introduced in a rolling line.

Abstract: An asymmetric extrusion method, an extruded material extruded using the same, a die for asymmetric extrusion, and an asymmetric extrusion apparatus. According to the asymmetric extrusion method, an extruded material having a plate shape is formed by pushing an extruding material through a die including an extrusion hole having an asymmetric shape with respect to an extrusion direction of the extruding material, so as to extrude the extruding material while inducing shear strain in the extruding material.

Abstract: An outer joint member which has a cup portion formed, on the inner surface thereof, with a plurality of track grooves extending in the axial direction, the cup portion having a chamfering portion provided in the region between the track grooves at the inner peripheral edge thereof, at least the inner surface and the outer surface of the cup portion being shaped by forging. The chamfering portion includes a first chamfering portion for allowing the angle shift of the joint, and second chamfering portions which are provided adjacent to both peripheral sides of the first chamfering portion and are inclined in the direction different from the first chamfering portion.

Abstract: It is understood as being preferably intended for the manufacture of cans through spinning, molding the can bodies in the most varied shapes, also enabling the attainment of deep necking or die-necking in the can bodies; it may be used for the several purposes, from food and beverage cans, to chemicals and others, and they may be manufactured in several materials such as tin foil, chromed sheet and black plate, using the spinning process molding the can bodies, being able to be used in several types of cans, from those which use metallic, plastic or mixed lids (compound plastic+metallic), clamped such as those using metallic, plastic or mixed (compound plastic+metallic) lid system and unclamped, provided with sealing gaskets and vacuum closure.

Abstract: A method for the operational test measurement of a lambda probe, particularly for the purpose of calibrating and/or determining the status of the lambda probe, wherein pure air is circulated around a probe head of the lambda probe is disclosed. The method has the following steps: —insertion of the lambda probe into a flow receptacle which is separate from an engine construction, in such a manner that an air stream (L) can be circulated around the probe head; generation of an air stream (L) in the flow receptacle; evaluation of probe measurement signals (S), wherein a calibration value is obtained and/or a heating current of the lambda probe is evaluated. A device for carrying out the method, as well as a system, is also disclosed herein.

Abstract: A Coriolis gyroscope comprises a mass system that can be excited to perform vibrations parallel to a first axis, whereby a deflection of the mass system due to a Coriolis force along a second axis perpendicular to the first axis is detectable. At least one first correction unit and at least one second correction unit, which each comprise a plurality of stationary correction electrodes and moving correction electrodes whereby the stationary correction electrodes extend in the direction of the first axis and are firmly connected to the substrate by corresponding anchor structures, and the moving correction electrodes are provided as a part of the mass system. A method for reducing the quadrature bias of a Coriolis gyroscope of this type comprises applying at least temporarily constant corrective voltages to the correction units.

Abstract: A method of calibration including placing an instrument on an arbitrary point and at an arbitrary rotational orientation on an ultrasonic probe, obtaining spatial coordinates of the instrument, obtaining spatial coordinates of three points on an external surface of the ultrasonic probe, and using the three points to define an ultrasonic image plane, obtaining spatial coordinates of a set of landmarks which have a known spatial relationship to the ultrasonic image plane, these landmarks defining a direction in which the ultrasonic probe is directed within the ultrasonic image plane, and obtaining spatial coordinates of a front point on a front facing surface of the ultrasonic probe, the front facing surface having a known relation with a reference axis of a scanning plane of the ultrasonic probe that defines where an ultrasonic image starts within the ultrasonic image plane.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for monitoring a material includes adding tagging particles to the material, sensing the tagging particles in the material for an even distribution throughout the material, forming a part from the material if the tagging particles are evenly distributed throughout the material, sensing the tagging particles in the part to determine a physical characteristic of the part, placing the part in operation if the determined physical characteristic is within a predetermined specification, sensing the tagging particles in the part during operation to detect at least one of wear and damage to the part, and generating an indication to a user upon detection of the at least one of wear or damage to the part.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for evaluating the backface signature of flat panel ballistic resistant composites with accuracy, repeatability and improved correlation to the expected backface signature of shaped ballistic resistant composites in actual field use.

Abstract: A sample trapping method and apparatus uses a sample conduit for trapping a gas sample by cooling or desorbing the gas sample by heating. The sample conduit may be cooled by arranging the sample conduit in the vicinity of, or bringing the sample conduit into contact with, a cooling part of a cooling device based on a cold storage refrigerator.

Abstract: A method for testing the integrity of a hollow fibre membrane includes inserting a sterile, monomolecular gas into an interior of the hollow fibre membrane, applying a starting gas pressure on the gas in the interior of the hollow fibre membrane at a first point in time, and measuring the pressure of the gas at a second point in time after the first point in time so as to determine a final gas pressure.

Abstract: There is provided a filter clogging apparatus capable of detecting clogging of an individual filter without being limited to the direction in which cooling air is taken in. There is provided a filter clogging detection apparatus for detecting clogging in filter (2) for preventing dust contained in cooling air (7) for cooling object (6) to be cooled from passing through the filter. The filter clogging detection apparatus includes: force detector (11) disposed on case (5) in such a way as to abut on the face on the downstream side in the direction of flow of cooling air (7) of filter (2) and for detecting force applied to filter (2) when cooling air (7) passes through filter (2); and clogging determination part (12) determining that clogging is caused in filter (2) when a value detected by the force detector is larger than a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: A water or liquid substance filtration device is disclosed which removes microorganisms and organic contamination and sterilizes the containers and water lines after the unit. The unit is portable, or can be mounted stationary. The unit has a five-stage filtration and sterilization system controlled by an independent onboard computer system that can link to a central computer system to keep track of all independent units. The unit will physically filter out of the water contaminants that can be reused, destroyed, or flushed down a safe drain. It can also be modified to filter for a certain size of particulate, making recovery of certain substances possible. The unit has a self-diagnostic system that can determine if the unit is operating properly and can shut down a part thereof if one of the capillary units fails. The unit uses ozone to disinfect containers and water lines.

Abstract: Two quantitative separation approaches to fractionate de-asphalted oils (DAOs) into seven classes of compounds (saturates, 1-4+ ring-aromatics, sulfides, and polars). In the first step (named as “SGS”) of present invention, the DAO of a petroleum vacuum resid is separated in to four classes of compounds, namely saturates, aromatics, and sulfides. In this first step of separation, about 3 grams of a DAO can be separated. Whereas in the second step (named as “ARC” separation) of invention, only less than 300 mg of the aromatic fraction obtained in “SGS” (described above) can be further fractionated at very low temperature (about ?40 degrees centigrade) into 4 fractions, namely 1-ring, 2-ring, 3-ring, and 4+-ring aromatics. The present invention protocol is suitable for a wide range of compositionally different DAOs of petroleum vacuum resids.

Abstract: A system for measuring or monitoring the quality of a liquid medium, has first and second sample-takeoff points in the liquid medium and a hydraulic circuit in which the samples taken off from said first and second sample-takeoff points circulate. The hydraulic circuit is mounted between the two sample-takeoff points and comprises two centrifugal impeller pumps, a measuring chamber situated between the two pumps, and a purge device mounted at a high point on the hydraulic circuit between one of the pumps and the measuring chamber. The whole of the hydraulic circuit is preferably totally immersed in the liquid medium.

Abstract: Evaluating ground surface hardness for a site involves using a mobile data collection device to automatically drop an object including an accelerometer onto a ground surface at sample locations spaced at regular intervals within the site. The acceleration of the object is detected with the accelerometer as the object impacts the ground surface at the sample locations. A value is generated representative of ground surface hardness for each of the sample locations. Evaluation using a handheld hardness measurement device is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of controlling fuel composition learning includes steps of monitoring changes in airflow within an engine to determine steady state conditions. The method further includes steps of initiating a fuel composition learning process during steady state conditions. A current fuel component concentration factor is updated using a temporary fuel component concentration factor. The temporary fuel component concentration factor is calculated as the average of an air/fuel correction factor. Once the current fuel component concentration factor is updated, the temporary fuel component concentration factor is reset. The air/fuel correction factor is reset to reflect any difference that existed between the temporary fuel component concentration factor and the air/fuel correction factor at the update time.

Abstract: An air flow measuring device includes a measured passage and a sensor portion. Measured air which is a measuring object flows through the measured passage. The sensor portion is disposed in a sensor arrangement portion of the measured passage and is configured to measure a flow rate of measured air flowing through the measured passage. The measured passage includes an upstream bent portion on an upstream side of the sensor arrangement portion in a flow direction of measured air. The upstream bent portion includes an upstream throttle that partly decreases a passage area of the measured passage.

Abstract: An air flow measuring device includes a housing, a sensor, and a throttle that is provided on an outer wall surface of the housing. The throttle merges together a bypass-passing flow and an outside-passing flow, and guides the merged flow toward the downstream side with the merged flow narrowed. The throttle includes two raised portions and a cover that bridges between the two raised portions and is opposed to the outer wall surface of the housing. The cover includes an inner surface exposed to the throttle, and an outer surface exposed to outside of the throttle. A peripheral border of the cover includes an upstream edge which defines the outer surface on the upstream side. At least a region of the outer surface including the upstream edge is swollen more outwardly in a shape of a projecting curved surface further on the downstream side.

Abstract: An air flow rate measuring apparatus includes a heater and a control circuit. The heater heats a part of an intake air sucked into an engine. The control circuit controls an energization of the heater. The heater has a measuring-mode temperature when a flow rate of the intake air is measured. The control circuit has a heat cleaner which temporarily raises a temperature of the heater higher than the measuring-mode temperature when an energization of the air flow rate measuring apparatus is started.

Abstract: A competence diagnosis system for a urea water temperature sensor that can limit a diagnosis during a cold start. The system includes a cold start condition determination unit that obtains a difference between an engine cooling water temperature and an ambient temperature, a difference between an engine cooling water temperature and a fuel temperature, and a difference between an ambient temperature and a fuel temperature by using an engine cooling water temperature, an ambient temperature, and a fuel temperature measured immediately after engine starting, and allows a diagnosis by the competence diagnosis unit when the temperature differences are less than or equal to a predetermined threshold value.

Abstract: A competence diagnosis system for a urea water temperature sensor that can prevent a misdiagnosis when urea water is replenished in a urea tank. The system includes a urea water level condition determination unit that stores a urea water level, which is measured by a level sensor provided in the urea tank, in a storage unit immediately before key-off, obtains a level difference between the urea water level stored in the storage unit and a current urea water level after key-on, and allows a diagnosis by the competence diagnosis unit through temperature comparison when the level difference is less than or equal to a predetermined threshold value.

Abstract: A test stand for dynamic testing of an individual running gear component or of a complete axle system of a motor vehicle includes a test stand frame having. The test stand frame has a mounting area configured for mounting the complete axle system in the mounting area in a first installation direction. A fastening device is configured for fixed mounting of the individual running gear component on the fastening device in a second installation direction, the second installation direction being different from the first installation direction. An actuator is configured for dynamic excitation of both of the complete axle system and the individual running gear component. The actuator is configured to connect to the individual running gear component or the complete axle system in a region of a point of intersection of the first installation direction and the second installation direction.

Abstract: A tool measures the vertical distance and lateral distance between a brake pedal pad and an accelerator pedal pad. A base plate lies atop the brake pedal pad. A first measuring plate is mounted on the base plate for movement laterally toward and away from the accelerator pedal pad. A second measuring plate is mounted on the first measuring plate for movement laterally with the first measuring plate to engage a lateral edge of the accelerator pedal pad and for movement vertically to engage with a top surface of the accelerator pedal pad. First measuring indicia provided on the base plate and the first measuring plate reads the lateral distance between the brake pedal pad and the accelerator pedal pad. And a second measuring indicia provided on the first measuring plate and the second measuring plate reads the vertical height between the brake pedal pad and the accelerator pedal pad.

Abstract: A brake test method is disclosed for use in testing the operation of a brake of a drive system comprising a motor operable to drive a pair of drive shaft arrangements for rotation, an inboard brake associated with the motor, a first outboard brake associated with an end part of a first one of the drive shaft arrangements, and first and second outboard position sensors associated with the end parts of respective ones of the drive shaft arrangements, the method comprising the steps of applying the first outboard brake, operating the motor to apply a torque to the first drive shaft arrangement, applying the inboard brake, dc-activating the motor, and using the output of the second outboard position sensor in determining an operating status of the inboard brake and/or first outboard brake.

Abstract: An in-tank fuel level sender (26) for signaling the level of liquid fuel in a motor vehicle fuel tank (22). An enclosure (31) forming a hub of the sender provides an interior that is sealed against intrusion of fuel. An actuator (110, 122) is positionable on an exterior of the enclosure in correlation with liquid fuel level. A movement (52) within the interior of the enclosure follows the positioning of the actuator. An electric circuit element (62; 86) within the interior of the enclosure is operated by the movement to provide an electric characteristic for transmission through the enclosure to signal the liquid fuel level.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method of detecting a change in gravity gradient using a gravity gradiometer. The gravity gradiometer comprises a detector for detecting the change in gravity gradient. The gravity gradiometer further comprises a sensor for generating a disturbance signal in response to an external disturbance. The method comprises the steps of exposing the gravity gradiometer to the external disturbance during operation of the gravity gradiometer. Further, the method comprises the steps of detecting the disturbance signal and receiving an output signal from the detector of the gravity gradiometer. The method also comprises the step of numerically correcting the output signal for an impact that a component of the gravity gradiometer experiences, as a consequence of the external disturbance using a response parameter that associates the external disturbance with a disturbance experienced by that component.

Abstract: A vehicular ultrasonic sensor apparatus serving as a distance sensor apparatus is equipped with a sensor unit, a case body, a bezel, and a retainer. The retainer includes a pair of pawl members. The pair of pawl members is equipped with a stopper portion. The ultrasonic sensor apparatus is inserted into an attachment hole of the bumper such that a connector portion of the case body is first inserted. When the retainer passes through the attachment hole, the pair of pawl members are elastically deformed. After passing through the attachment hole, the pair of pawl members are elastically restored, and the stopper portion is caught at an inner circumference edge of an exit side of the attachment hole.

Abstract: A detection circuit includes a synchronous detection circuit (synchronous detection section) that synchronously detects a signal that includes a detection signal of a vibrator (an output signal of an amplifier), a switched capacitor filter (SCF) circuit that filters a signal that has been synchronously detected by the synchronous detection circuit (an output signal of a programmable gain amplifier), and an output buffer that buffers and outputs a signal that has been filtered by the SCF circuit, the gain of the SCF circuit being larger than 1.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an apparatus and a method for driving a gyroscope sensor. The apparatus for driving a gyroscope sensor includes: a detection module; a phase conversion module; an inversion module; a switch module selecting and outputting any one of the driving voltage and the inversion voltage for each axis; a driving module supplying driving voltage of a driving axis at the time of the driving and supplying inversion voltage at the time of stopping the driving; and a control unit passing the driving voltage of the driving axis by controlling the switch module according to a switching control signal at the time of the driving and passing the inversion voltage of each axis by controlling the switch module according to the switching control signal at the time of stopping the driving.

Abstract: Provided is a device for detecting a double motion and a method of detecting a double motion. The device includes a sensor configured to detect a motion; a variation rate calculating part configured to calculate a variation rate of a signal output from the sensor; a detecting section control part configured to control a detecting section in reverse proportion to a value; a first motion detecting part and a second motion detecting part configured to determine that a motion occurs; and an output part configured to output a double motion result when a time between a time (t1) and a time (t2), and to output a single motion result when the time between the time (t1) and the time (t2) is larger than the detecting section. Therefore, it is possible to adjust the detecting section to the double motion according to the motion velocity.

Abstract: An accelerometer can include a support structure having situated thereupon a stator electrode array including multiple stator electrodes (e.g., A, B, and C); and a proof mass positioned parallel to the stator electrode array and capable of displacement parallel thereto. A translator electrode array facing the stator electrode array can comprise multiple translator electrodes (e.g., a and b) can be situated on the proof mass. Further included is a drive circuitry to apply drive voltages to six capacitances formed by the stator and translator electrodes. The total force exerted on the proof mass by the drive voltages is held constant at about zero.

Abstract: An accelerometer (102) senses acceleration in a specific direction through the voltages produced by multiple piezoelectric sensors (114, 302, 304) electrically arranged in parallel in response to the acceleration. The main axes of sensitivity of the piezoelectric sensors are aligned and point in the same direction. The parallel arrangement enables to control the thermal noise level of the output signal of the accelerometer that originates in a bias resistor (116) connected in parallel to the parallel arrangement of the piezoelectric sensors.

Abstract: A signal processing circuit includes an I/V conversion circuit (current/voltage conversion section) that converts an oscillation current of a vibrator into a voltage, an RC filter (phase shift section) that shifts a phase of the output signal of the I/V conversion circuit, a full-wave rectifier (part of a drive amplitude control section) that binarizes a signal that has been shifted in phase to generate a switch control signal, a comparator (reference signal generation section) that generates a reference signal for synchronous detection based on the output signal of the I/V conversion circuit, and an EXOR circuit (clock signal generation section) that generates a clock signal for a switched capacitor filter (SCF) that has a frequency twice a frequency of a drive signal based on a phase difference between the reference signal and the switch control signal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for providing a structural condition of a structure, comprising providing an excitation wave generator; providing an excitation wave sensor; injecting an excitation burst wave into the structure using the excitation wave generator; obtaining a measured propagated excitation burst wave using the excitation wave sensor; correlating the measured propagated excitation burst wave with one of a plurality of theoretical dispersed versions of the excitation burst wave; and providing an indication of the structural condition of the structure corresponding to the correlated measured propagated excitation burst wave. The method may offer a better localization of the reflection points and thus of the potential defects present in a structure under inspection, when compared with a group velocity-based or time-of-flight (ToF) approach. The method may be particularly useful for structural health monitoring (SHM) and Non-Destructive Testing (NDT).

Abstract: An operation-position detector having a tube that allows an ultrasonic signal to propagate therethrough. The tube has a plurality of holes capable of being selectively closed or opened by an operation and is provided with an ultrasonic transmitter-receiver arranged at a first end thereof. A signal processor drives the ultrasonic transmitter-receiver and causes an ultrasonic signal to propagate through the inside of the tube, receives a reflection signal corresponding to a closed or open state of each of the holes, and detects the state of each hole on the basis of the reflection signal, thereby detecting the operation position of an operation conducted by an operator.

Abstract: Processes of identifying small pressure irregularities in a system used for continuous plasma deposition are provided. Sensitive light scattering is used to detect the presence of nucleated particles in a detection area that is outside the plasma region of high electric field whereby the presence of the particles indicates a pressure abnormality in the plasma deposition chamber. The pressure of the plasma deposition chamber is then adjusted to reduce or eliminate the presence of particles within the detection area and to optimize deposition of material on a substrate.

Abstract: The disclosed invention describes an unpowered apparatus which can wirelessly sense pressure based on microfluidics for point-of-care glaucoma diagnosis. Moreover, the disclosed invention teaches methods to construct the invention using microfabrication processing. Finally, a detailed and illustrative schematic of the wireless readout system is disclosed.

Abstract: A pressure sensor (40) useful as a vacuum manometer. A reference pressure cavity (50) of the sensor is evacuated through an evacuation opening (72) located behind a plate portion (54) of the sensor electrode (52) having a non-planar surface for supporting the diaphragm (44) during an overpressure event. The electrode is hermetically sealed to the body (42) of the sensor by a brazed joint with a ceramic seal member (60) disposed there between. The brazed joint may include a layer of buffer material (79) which provides a degree of malleability to the joint to avoid cracking of the ceramic seal member. The brazed ceramic/metal joint permits the selection of materials such that differential thermal expansion effects can be passively minimized. The electrode is connected to the sensor circuitry (84) by a wire having a spring section (53), thereby providing a stress free interconnection.

Abstract: The present disclose relates to sensor including multiple sensor elements. In some cases, the multiple sensor elements may be mounted on a single substrate and each may be configured to sense a single parameter with different resolutions, sensitivities, and/or ranges, and/or the multiple parameters. In one example, multiple pressure sensing die may be mounted in a single package, and each may be configured as a differential pressure sensor, an absolute pressure sensor, and/or a gauge pressure sensor, as desired.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fastening device for fastening an assembly (5) in an opening (1.1) of a wall (1) of a vehicle. Said fastening device comprises a support element (2) to be placed on the wall (1) and a retaining element (3) having at least one retaining wing (3.1) for fastening the fastening device in the opening (1.1) of the wall, which retaining element (3) for fastening the fastening device is arranged so as to be rotatable relative to the support element (2) along a predetermined path of rotation. This means fastening is achieved by way of a bayonet-type rotational movement. According to the invention, however, a sealing element (4.1) is interposed between the support element (2) and the retaining element (3), and the support element (2) and/or the retaining element (3) and/or the sealing element (4) are designed relative to one another such that in a first section of the path of rotation, a play (4.

Abstract: Provided is a material testing system that can prevent the influence of noise to obtain an adequate test result by reducing a variation in test force in a plastic region. The material testing system is provided with: a displacement meter 15 that measures a displacement in distance between gage marks on a test piece 10; measuring means adapted to measure a displacement in rotational angle of a servo motor 31 that moves a crosshead 13; a computing part 48 that successively computes a change ratio R that is a ratio between the displacement in distance and the displacement in rotational angle; and a feedback control part 49 that, on the basis of the change ration R, performs feedback control of the servo motor 31, wherein when the change ratio R exceeds a setting value, a value of a parameter K used for the feedback control is changed to a value that makes the influence of the feedback control small.

Abstract: A push test fixture having a cradle and a load pin is provided along with a test sample that reasonably represents the strength and quality of the original welds that hold the wrap wires and axial wires of the sample together. The test sample is placed in the push test fixture such that a particular weld on the test sample is aligned between the cradle and the load pin. A load is applied through the weld using the load pin, and a strength property such as the ultimate strength or the yield strength of the weld is determined. The cradle helps maintain the original, as-wrapped curvature of the wrap wire. The test samples can come, for example, from direct wrap filters or wire-wrap jackets. The strength property can be determined for at least every third wrap wire of the test sample.

Abstract: A recursive hexapod testing machine for mechanical testing of deformable material specimens under six degrees of freedom multiaxial loading. The machine includes a fixed base, a movable base connected to the fixed base at by a hexapod arrangement of six linearly extendable actuator linkages, with an end of each linkages attached to the movable base and the other end of the linkage attached to the fixed base. Each actuator linkage includes a hydraulic cylinder and piston, a digitally-controlled electro-hydraulic servo-valve for actuating the hydraulic cylinder in response to a digital command string, a load cell in line between the piston and the universal joint attached to the movable base, a linear variable displacement transducer for measuring extension of the piston, and a magneto-resistive position transducer for measuring a position of the piston. The servo-valves extend each hydraulic cylinder a predetermined amount to effect a desired motion of the material specimen.

Abstract: A MEMS airflow sensor die having a heater control circuit, differential instrumentation amplifier, temperature compensation, and/or offset correction circuitry integrated with an airflow sensor on the MEMS die. The added circuitry may be placed on space available on the basic airflow die with MEMS fabrication techniques without enlarging the sensor die. The die with the added circuitry may result in a device having a reduced form factor, improved reliability and lower cost.

Abstract: A method for operating a Coriolis mass flow rate meter and a Coriolis mass flow rate meter including an evaluation device, a measuring tube having a medium flowing therethrough and which is excited so as to perform oscillations, and at least two spaced oscillation pickups spaced apart in the longitudinal direction of the measuring tube to each generate an oscillation signal, wherein a first indicator variable based on the damping of the oscillations of the measuring tube is initially used to detect deposits in the measuring tube and if, based on the first indicator variable, increased damping is established, a second indicator variable is used, which is based on the manifestation of harmonics in the frequency spectrum of an oscillation signal such that reliable detection of deposits and therefore an indication of the state of meters and pipelines in a process engineering installation are advantageously possible.

Abstract: An improved structure for a torque sensor assembly adapted for use in a vehicle steering system and method for producing the same. According to one embodiment, the torque sensor assembly includes a housing formed from a suitable material having a cavity; at least one flux concentrator and at least one hall effect IC disposed in the cavity of the housing; and a cover secured to the housing to close the cavity in the housing in a permanent and fluid-tight manner.

Abstract: A method for taking a sample includes drawing blood into a vacuum blood collection tube and transferring at least part of the blood from the vacuum blood collection tube to a sample storage space of a dropper. The vacuum blood collection tube includes a sample storage portion and a stopper sealing the sample storage portion, and the drawing is performed by stabbing a hollow needle into the stopper. The dropper includes and internal space at least part of which is the sample storage space for storing a sample and which includes a volume changeable space defined, by an elastically deformable portion having flexibility. The dropper further includes an insertion portion including a through-hole connected to the internal space, and the transfer of the sample is performed by inserting the insertion portion into a through- formed in the stopper by the stabbing of the hollow needle into the stopper.

Abstract: Signal processing apparatus (1) for measuring hand joint movement comprising a plurality of markers (5) located at particular positions on a hand (20) and further comprising monitoring apparatus (10) to monitor movement of the markers to obtain dynamic positional information of the markers, and the apparatus further comprising a processor (12) to process the positional information to determine hand joint movement, wherein the processor configured to use the positional information of the markers to determine planes associated with respective groups of markers, wherein the processor configured to determine a first plane and a second plane, said planes adjacent to a hand joint, the first plane is substantially determined by a respective group of markers, and the processor configured to determine the second plane by reference to the first plane and the processor further configured to determine a change in angle between the two planes as a result of hand joint movement.