Abstract: The present invention relates to a self-steering device for a railway vehicle, which includes axles installed on a truck supporting a vehicle body of the railway vehicle, wheels, each of which is connected to the axle and has a wheel tread moving on a top surface of a rail and supporting a vertical load of the railway vehicle, and a wheel flange protruding from the wheel tread to prevent the railway vehicle from derailing and being in contact with a lateral surface of the rail during straight movement of the railway vehicle to form an interference section, and guide rollers, each of which is in rolling contact with a top surface edge or a lateral surface of the rail in front or to the rear of the wheel when the railway vehicle enters curved rails and supports a greater transverse load than the interference section. The guide rollers can be directly installed on the railway vehicle or at least one of the vehicle body, the truck, and the axle.

Abstract: A low profile discharge gate assembly including a rigid frame defining a generally rectangular discharge opening and a gate slidably mounted on the frame for controlling discharge of commodity from the gate assembly. Structure carried by and extending inwardly from the frame is arranged between a lower surface on the gate and boot flanges defined by the gate assembly frame for restricting the flow of commodity from the gate assembly. A vertical distance of less than 7.5 inches separates the boot flanges from mounting flanges on the gate assembly frame whereby permitting a conventional unloading sled to fit under the gate assembly to discharge commodity therefrom. An operating shaft assembly selectively controls movement of the gate between open and closed positions. A lock assembly is also provided for inhibiting inadvertent movement of the gate from the closed position toward the open position.

Abstract: A low profile discharge gate assembly having a frame defining a discharge opening and including a gate slidably mounted on the frame for controlling the discharge of commodity through the gate assembly. Structure carried by and extending inwardly from three sides of the frame is arranged beneath a lower surface on the gate and boot flanges defined by the gate assembly frame further restrict the flow of commodity from the gate assembly. Less than 7.5 vertical inches separates a lower surface on the boot flanges from an upper surface on the mounting flanges of the gate assembly frame. An operating shaft assembly selectively controls movement of the gate between open an closed positions. Support structure further enhances rigidity and support for an end frame member through which the gate slidably moves.

Abstract: Salt based cores made of a slat, a binder and optionally auxiliary agents are stabilized with an infiltrate.

Abstract: A water resistant aluminum pigment dispersion includes an aluminum pigment covered with a silica film, which is dispersed in an aqueous solution containing at least one selected from the group consisting of a copolymer A including a structural unit represented by the following general formula (1) or the following formula (2) and a structural unit represented by the following general formula (3), a copolymer B including a structural unit represented by the following general formula (1) or the following formula (2) and a structural unit represented by the following general formula (4), and a copolymer C including a structural unit represented by the following general formula (1) or the following formula (2) and a structural unit represented by the general formula (5)

Abstract: An aqueous inkjet ink set for use in continuous inkjet printing comprising at least one cyan ink, at least one yellow ink, at least one magenta ink, and at least one black ink, wherein each ink of the ink set comprises dispersed pigment particles and at least one surfactant selected to provide a 10-ms dynamic surface tension of less than 54 mN/m for each ink. The invention relates to continuous ink jet printing of aqueous pigmented ink compositions recycled from main ink supply reservoirs, employing a printer with drop ejectors and a drop deflector and non-printing drop catchers capable of returning unprinted ink to the fluid delivery systems following the capture of non-printing drops. The pigmented ink jet ink compositions provide for particularly suitable fluid properties on the drop catcher face that minimize printing defects that can occur during drop deflection during the printing of high dynamic range images at high speed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a kit for adhesion between an alginate impression material for dental use and an impression tray, which contains: (U) a pretreatment agent that contains (I) 100 parts by mass of an organic solvent that has a solubility parameter (?) of 17.0-23.0 [(MPa)1/2] and (II) 0.1-30 parts by mass of inorganic particles having an average particle diameter of 10 ?m or less; and (V1) an adhesive that contains (I) a polyamine compound that contains two or more amino groups in each molecule and (III) a lower alcohol solvent, or (V2) an adhesive that is obtained by mixing (I) a polyamine compound that contains two or more amino groups in each molecule, (II) an organic peroxide and (III) a lower alcohol solvent.

Abstract: A cellulose ester film includes at least one polyester; and a cellulose ester having a degree of substitution of 2.0 to 2.6. A weight average molecular weight of the polyester is 1,500 or less, and a ratio of components having a molecular weight of 500 or less in the polyester is less than 8%.

Abstract: A method comprising contacting an olefin wax with an oxidizing agent to produce an oxidized olefin wax, contacting the oxidized olefin wax with an odor-reducing material to produce an odor-reduced oxidized olefin wax, and removing water from the odor-reduced oxidized olefin wax. A composition comprising a product of a mixture of an oxidized olefin wax and an odor-reducing material, wherein the needle penetration of the composition is less than the oxidized alpha olefin wax in the absence of the odor-reducing material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing cold bituminous mixes, comprising the following successive steps: a. in a mixer, coating, at ambient temperature, all of the solid mineral fractions with all of the binder in emulsion, and optionally a portion of fluxing agent, over a time interval T sufficient to observe a coating of the mix; then b. at the end of the time interval T, adding the remaining amount of fluxing agent, over a time interval t, such that the T/t ratio is greater than 2, the other mixing conditions of steps a) and b) being otherwise substantially identical. The present invention also relates to cold bituminous mixes, capable of being obtained by the process according to the invention and the use thereof for the production of wearing courses, the production of emulsion-stabilized gravels or the production of storage-grade mixes.

Abstract: Provided a formed article comprising a layer that includes a polysilazane compound and a clay mineral, and having a water vapor transmission rate at a temperature of 40° C. and a relative humidity of 90% of 6.0 g/m2/day or less. Also provided are a method for producing the formed article, an electronic device member including the formed article, and an electronic device including the electronic device member. The formed article exhibiting an excellent gas barrier capability, excellent transparency, and excellent bending resistance, a method for producing the formed article, and an electronic device member, or the like, comprising the formed article are provided.

Abstract: A method for producing coatings having anti-reflection properties uses a compound comprising at least one type of nanoparticle and at least one solvent. The compound is applied to a substrate and treated at various temperatures. Anti-reflection coatings can be obtained on temperature-sensitive materials such as PMMA or PET.

Abstract: A process for lowering the carbon content in ash includes introducing the ash having a carbon content of 1 to 20 wt.-% into a reactor where the ash is burnt at a temperature between 700 and 1100° C. Fuel is also introduced into the reactor. During combustion, microwave radiation is fed into the reactor. At least part of the energy released during the combustion is recovered.

Abstract: A process of preparing a silica sol is described. The process involves reacting a fresh sol with guanidine carbonate. The reaction may be conducted in the presence of a base (e.g., sodium water glass), and at a pH of from 8 to 12. The process of the present invention may also include concentrating steps. The silica sol prepared by the method of the present invention has a BET surface area of greater than or equal to 100 m2/g, and contains from 0.05 to 15% by weight of gaunidinium ions, based on the total weight of the silica gel.

Abstract: A cement composition, and a process for producing a cement composition, wherein the cement composition has the Sr content of 0.065 mass % to 1.0 mass % and the MgO content of greater than 1.0 mass % to 3.0 mass %. The process for producing a cement composition comprises a step (A) of adjusting the basic raw material units of raw materials selected from the group consisting of limestone, silica stone, coal ash, clay, blast furnace slag, soil generated by construction work, sewage sludge, hydrocake and iron sources so that the cement composition has the Sr content of 0.065 mass % to 1.0 mass % and the MgO content of greater than 1.0 mass % to 3.0 mass %, blending the adjusted raw materials and burning to produce cement clinker, and a step (B) of mixing the cement clinker with gypsum and an admixture of limestone and blast furnace slag followed by grinding.

Abstract: A desk board raising apparatus has a seat, an active module, a passive module, and a cylinder. The active module is pivotally mounted in the seat and has a base, two linking arms, and a pivot. The linking arms are L-shaped. The pivot is deposited between the linking arms and pivotally mounted in the seat. The passive module is mounted in the seat and has a passive board pivotally connected with the linking arms. The cylinder is mounted in the seat and is adapted to push the passive board. Thus, the base lifted up or down can drive the passive board to move up or down. Therefore, the desk board raising apparatus uses a simple structure to synchronize the movements of the passive board and the base, and therefore has the advantages of convenient operation, low manufacturing cost, low maintenance cost, and consuming no power.

Abstract: The inventive concept is a picnic table for use on a beach or any desired location. The table is constructed of a molded plastic in a round configuration, although any configuration can be used. The table is supported by central support stake that is being pushed into the ground to stabilize the same. The stake is removably attached to a circular flange under the table in its center. The central support is constructed as a round stake which is made of two telescoping sections. The sections can each be stored on the underside of the table in respective clamps.

Abstract: A pallet used for stowing and transporting items for shipping. The pallet design of the present invention includes a top deck, a bottom skid, and several posts for providing support between the top deck and bottom skid. The posts are integrated with either the top deck or bottom skid. Within each pallet post is a steel tube reinforcement that is overmolded directly into the bottom skid, or is assembled after the pallet post is molded. The supports, which are typically hollow posts, are molded onto either the top deck or bottom skid, and a thermoplastic weld or adhesive joint is applied to the posts to complete the assembly. The palled having the integrated posts and reinforcements provides an economical approach of reinforcing pallet posts to absorb tow fork impact.

Abstract: A seed meter for a seeding machine has a housing and a seed metering member rotationally mounted to the housing. The metering member has a sidewall with a radially inner surface and a radially outer surface with the inner surface of the sidewall having an outwardly flared rim portion extending both radially outward and axially to an outer edge. The rim portion has a plurality of apertures extending through the sidewall. The metering member is oriented at an angle to the vertical such that an upper portion of the metering member extends beyond a lower portion of the metering member. This orientation allows a seed delivery system to extend into the interior of the metering member and cooperate with the overhanging inside thereof to remove seed therefrom.

Abstract: A sewing machine includes a thread holding device disposed downstream of a thread take-up lever and upstream of a needle bar in terms of a threading path of a needle thread, and including a fixed first disc and a movable second disc movable by an electromechanical unit between holding and releasing positions to be closer to and remote from the first disc, respectively. The first and second discs respectively have first and second holding surfaces cooperatively defining a thread holding clearance to permit passage of the needle thread therethrough. The needle thread can be clamped in the thread holding clearance so as to prevent the needle thread being pulled out of the needle during a thread cutting procedure. A required amount of the needle thread remaining on the needle can be secured.

Abstract: A guiding structure for a cloth feeding mechanism which is disposed on a base below a needle plate of a sewing machine, a feeding dog driven by the cloth feeding mechanism is mounted on a mounting seat. The guiding structure comprising a first guiding portion formed on the mounting seat and a second guiding portion formed on a guiding device, the first and second guiding portions cooperate with each other to guide the feeding dog to move in the X-axis direction, so that the cloth can be fed precisely along the predetermined path to ensure good sewing quality.

Abstract: A girdle band for underwear connection and a processing method thereof, the girder band has a baseband with upper and lower overturning edges, a plurality of snap rings, surface cloth and a shaping layer, and the processing method has the following steps: firstly respectively connecting both surfaces of the lower overturning edge of the baseband with the shaping layer and the first strip of the surface cloth; sewing the bottom surface of the second strip of the surface cloth with the shaping layer; forming the upper and the lower overturning edges; and using an ultrasonic wave cutting machine for cutting the long strip-shaped baseband into girdle band units. The girdle band has the advantages of no sewing joints on the back surface and good appearance effect, and can avoid skin injuries.

Abstract: A sewing tool is provided which has a plurality of apertures therein, each of which is trapezoidal in shape. The apertures are different sizes with respect to one another, each to be used for a different size box-bottom sewn item, such as a tote bag. A method of using such a sewing tool to create an item such as a box-bottom tote bag is also provided.

Abstract: A water motorcycle includes a motorized surfboard unit having a deck portion and driven by a drive motor, and a motorbike frame unit detachably mounted on the deck portion by means of retaining hook units. The motorbike frame unit includes a seat module provided with a rider's seat, and a handle module provided with an upright handlebar frame. The surfboard unit can be used independently for surfing or combined with the motorbike frame unit to function as a water motorcycle.

Abstract: A water craft has a body portion and at least two water engaging means. The body portion is at least partially suspended above the at least two water engaging means by a suspension system, and locating means are provided to connect each water engaging means to the body portion to permit substantially vertical and pitch direction motions of the water engaging means relative to the body. The suspension system includes at least one front pitch support ram and at least one back pitch support ram, the front and back pitch support rams providing support for at least a portion of the body relative to the at least two water engaging means.

Abstract: A multi-hulled water craft is disclosed. The water craft has a body, one left hull and one right hull, each hull connected to the body by respective locating means which permits at least substantially vertical and pitch motion of the respective hull relative to the body. The multi-hulled water craft also has a suspension system including at least a front left modal support means and a back left modal support means for providing at least partial support of the body with respect to the left hull, and at least a front right modal support means and a back right modal support means for providing at least partial support of the body with respect to the right hull. The suspension system further includes interconnection means connected to the modal support means to provide different stiffness between motions in at least two of roll, pitch, heave and warp suspension modes.

Abstract: The invention comprises an anchor including a shank which in cross section along at least part of its length has forward and rearward facing edges and a pair of side faces between said edges. The parts of the shank adjacent the forward edge are substantially “v” shaped in cross section and at least part of the side faces between the edges are concave. The anchor further includes a fluke having a forward end and a rearward edge in normal use, the rearward edge having a continuous flange extending therefrom over at least a substantial part of the rearward edge. The anchor has a roll-bar positioned substantially above the upper surface of the fluke forming a semi-circular wheel spanning the width of the fluke and wherein along at least a substantial part of its length the roll-bar is in cross section substantially in the form of a foil.

Abstract: An Endurance Extension Module (EXM) for powering an Unmanned Underwater Vehicle. The EXM converts wave motion to locomotive thrust, towing the UUV from point to point or keeping it in place against an opposing current. The EXM may also supply the UUV with electricity for driving an electric motor or powering on-board electronics. The EXM can be refracted onto the UUV when not in use to minimize drag, or it can release the UUV as prologue to a subsequent rendezvous. The EXM-UUV combinations of this invention allow extended autonomous missions over wider territory for purposes such as surveying, monitoring conditions, or delivering cargo.

Abstract: A watercraft body includes a hull made of an aluminum-based material and a separately fabricated superstructure that is mounted on the hull via adjoining flange plates. To fabricate the hull, frame elements are spot-welded onto the inner surface of initially-flat hull plates or plank elements, which are then curved according to the required hull contour and assembled onto the flange plate. The frame elements are screwed together via gusset plates and transverse beams to form transverse frames, and then longitudinal seams between plank elements are continuously welded from the outside. Additionally, the longitudinal seams may be welded from the inside, for example by temporarily removing gusset plates to allow continuous access to the longitudinal seams. Additionally, stand-offs may form a spacing gap between the frame elements and the plank elements, and an adhesive may fill this spacing gap to adhesively bond the framework to the hull plating.

Abstract: A freeze indicator, which is preferably a self-activating freeze indicator. The freeze indicator has a substrate with a freeze indicator composition coated thereon wherein the freeze indicator has a liquid diacetylene; and a catalyst or catalyst precursor and a protective cover.

Abstract: A method for growing II-VI semiconductor crystals and II-VI semiconductor layers as well as crystals and layers of their ternary or quaternary compounds from the liquid or gas phase is proposed. To this end, the solid starting materials are introduced into a growing chamber for the growing of crystals. Inside the growing chamber, carbon monoxide is supplied by way of reducing agent. At least certain zones of the growing chamber are heated to a temperature at which a first-order phase transition of the starting materials takes place and the starting materials pass into the liquid or gas phase. The starting materials are then cooled down accompanied by the formation of a semiconductor crystal or semiconductor layer, again with a first-order phase transition taking place. The oxygen present in the growing chamber is bound by the carbon monoxide and the formation of an oxide layer at the phase boundary of the growing semiconductor crystal or semiconductor layer is prevented.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing silicon carbide crystal includes the steps of forming silicon carbide crystal on a main surface of a base composed of carbon and removing the base from silicon carbide crystal by oxidizing carbon. According to the manufacturing method, by gasifying the base integrated with the silicon carbide crystal by oxidizing carbon forming the base, the base is removed from the silicon carbide crystal. Therefore, since it is not necessary to apply physical force to the silicon carbide crystal or the base for separating them from each other, occurrence of a defect involved with removal of the base can be suppressed. Therefore, high-quality silicon carbide crystal having fewer defects can be manufactured.

Abstract: An apparatus for wetting a material web with a liquid in which the material web is guided in a travel direction through the apparatus, which includes guide means for guiding the material web and application means for applying the liquid to the material web. On the side of the material web oriented away from the application means, a spray guard is provided, which rests directly against the material web.

Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus includes a processing chamber that forms a thin film on a main surface of a plurality of substrates and a heater provided outside of the processing chamber, for heating an inside of the processing chamber. The substrate processing apparatus also includes a first gas supply part configured to supply a first processing gas, a second gas supply part configured to supply the first processing gas to a middle part of a gas flow, a third gas supply part configured to supply a second processing gas, an exhaust part and a controller that causes the first processing gas and the second processing gas to react with each other in the processing chamber to form an amorphous material, and form a thin film of the plurality of substrates.

Abstract: An evaporation device and an evaporation apparatus applying the same are adapted to performing evaporation process to an object to be coated. The evaporation device includes a tape carrier and a mask. The tape carrier has a heating region. The object to be coated is located over the heating region and is adapted to move along a feeding direction. The tape carrier is adapted to carry a coating material to pass through the heating region. The coating material is heated in the heating region and evaporated. The mask having an opening between the heating region and the object to be coated is disposed in the periphery of the heating region. The evaporated coating material is adapted to pass through the opening and coated on the object.

Abstract: An apparatus for introducing gas into a processing chamber comprising one or more gas distribution tubes having gas-injection holes which may be larger in size, greater in number, and/or spaced closer together at sections of the gas introduction tubes where greater gas conductance through the gas-injection holes is desired. An outside tube having larger gas-injection holes may surround each gas distribution tube. The gas distribution tubes may be fluidically connected to a vacuum foreline to facilitate removal of gas from the gas distribution tube at the end of a process cycle.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling a dosage profile is disclosed. An embodiment comprises separating a wafer into components of a grid array and assigning each of the grid components a desired dosage profile based upon a test to compensate for topology differences between different regions of the wafer. The desired dosages are decomposed into directional dosage components and the directional dosage components are translated into scanning velocities of the ion beam for an ion implanter. The velocities may be fed into an ion implanter to control the wafer-to-beam velocities and, thereby, control the implantation.

Abstract: A film deposition apparatus includes a film deposition chamber into which a substrate is carried, a heating mechanism that heats the substrate carried into the film deposition chamber, an adhesion accelerating agent feed mechanism that feeds an adhesion accelerating agent gas into the film deposition chamber, and a control part that controls the heating mechanism and the adhesion accelerating agent feed mechanism. When depositing a polyimide film on the substrate by feeding a first source gas formed of dianhydride and a second source gas formed of diamine into the film deposition chamber, the control part is configured to control the adhesion accelerating agent feed mechanism to treat a surface of the substrate with the adhesion accelerating agent gas by feeding the adhesion accelerating agent gas into the film deposition chamber until the substrate is heated to a predetermined temperature for depositing the polyimide film.

Abstract: A heating unit and a film-forming apparatus comprising of a film-forming chamber, a heating unit for heating a substrate placed in the film-forming chamber, wherein the heating unit comprises of a heat source with a plane surfaced top, an electrode contacting electrically with the heat source, wherein the heat source has a ring-shape or a disk-shape that is formed by an individual, or plurality of heat source members. Wherein the heat source is comprised of a material selected from a group consisting of a carbon (C) material, a carbon material or a silicon carbide (SiC) material coated with silicon carbide (SiC), and a silicon carbide (SiC) material, and wherein the heat source has a ratio of the width (a) of the top portion direction to the thickness (X) of the side part (a/X) is 3 to 10.

Abstract: A microfluidic device for use with a microfluidic delivery system, such as an organic vapor jet printing device, includes a glass layer that is directly bonded to a microfabricated die and a metal plate via a double anodic bond. The double anodic bond is formed by forming a first anodic bond at an interface of the microfabricated die and the glass layer, and forming a second anodic bond at an interface of the metal plate and the glass layer, where the second anodic bond is formed using a voltage that is lower than the voltage used to form the first anodic bond. The second anodic bond is formed with the polarity of the voltage reversed with respect to the glass layer and the formation of the first anodic bond. The metal plate includes attachment features that allow removal of the microfluidic device from a fixture.

Abstract: A milking hose support comprising a frame adapted for supporting a milking hose, the frame having a hose coupler located on a side and adapted for supporting a milking hose; a hinge assembly, wherein the hinge assembly includes a hinge and connects the frame to the hinge; and a first flat bar, wherein the first flat bar is coupled to the hinge assembly, and extends away from the frame, wherein the hinge permits a variable angle of rotation between the frame and the first flat bar.

Abstract: A wild bird feeder configured with perches and seed openings that are positioned to encourage certain sizes and species of birds and/or discourage certain sizes and species of birds. A wild bird feeder including a watering station and a feeding station. A wild bird feeder with a seed holder and a plurality of feeding stations vertically spaced apart on the seed holder. A diffuser mounted within the seed holder to define a seed collection point corresponding to at least one of the feeding stations.

Abstract: A livestock feeder having a plurality of polymeric panels interconnectable with one another to define a hay retaining space. Each polymeric panel has a first vertical end member, a second vertical end member, and a plurality of horizontal retainer members extending between the first vertical end member and the second vertical end member. The first vertical end member has at least one angularly disposed mortise, and the second vertical end member has at least one angularly disposed tenon. The tenons of the second vertical end member are slidably receivable in the mortises of the first vertical end member of an adjacent like polymeric panel so as to support the adjacent like polymeric panels in an angular relationship to one another.

Abstract: A pet waste collection apparatus having a drawstring within an outer peripheral border of the pet waste collection apparatus, the drawstring having a drawstring exit portion exiting the pet waste collection apparatus, the drawstring exit portion of the drawstring releasably fastened to a bottom corner portion of the pet waste collection apparatus, the pet waste collection apparatus adapted to form a shape of a bag when the drawstring exit portion of the drawstring is released from the bottom corner portion of the pet waste collection apparatus and the drawstring is pulled taut, the pet waste collection apparatus substantially enclosing and sealing pet waste within the pet waste collection apparatus when the drawstring is pulled taut. Alternative embodiments include a bifurcated exit sleeve, an alternate exit sleeve, and a tab, each adapted to adhesively and releasably fasten the drawstring exit portion to the bottom corner, and a leak protection barrier.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a shrimp aquaculture structure including a set of at least two raceways of increasing depth each having a length and width and including two ends, two side walls having a top, a sloped bottom joining each side wall at two side wall junctions. Some of five raceways may be stacked at least partially on top of another of the five raceways. According to another embodiment, the disclosure relates to a process of shrimp aquaculture by using the set of five raceways and sequentially transferring shrimp form one raceway to another once the shrimp reach a given average size.

Abstract: A support beam for a pet furniture includes a plurality of back plates, first hooks, second hooks and third hooks. Upper end and lower end of the back plate are formed with an insertion slot and a protrusion respectively. One side of the back plate is formed with a plurality of engaging troughs for allowing the first hooks and the third hooks to be disposed therein. The third hook is engaged with the first hook. By this structure, a shelf plate, a cat house and a cat ladder can be mounted onto the back plate by means of the engagement between the second hook and the third hook. Then, the back plate is fixed to a wall. In this way, the support beam for a pet furniture is obtained.

Abstract: The present invention seeks to prevent damage to property resulting from an animal's separation anxiety which occurs when a pet owner departs, while minimizing the period of time the dog is confined. The device incorporates an automatically releasing door of a kennel or leash. For instance, the owner of a canine can place the dog in a kennel prior to leaving his or her residence. The owner can initiate a timer on the kennel or leash, and the kennel door opens or leash releases after a pre-determined amount of time, such as 30 minutes.

Abstract: A system for remote interaction with a pet is provided which may include a home computer connected to a movable turret. The turret has rotary components driven by a servo-motors to direct a laser to the floor to create shapes depending on the play to be performed, such as images on the floor or lines defining various shapes that may be shifted, contorted, or changed in shape to amuse a pet. The user can position, rotate and scale the shaped path within the environment provided by the floor area and can control the animation speed, play and pause as well as set the apparatus in a play mode to loop forward and backward through a shaped path. Video and audio including the pet owner's voice may be introduced to further entertain the pet while he or she is home alone.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a firewood boiler, comprising: a boiler main body including a feeding hole through which wood fuel and air for combustion are fed, a smoke exhaust hole defined in the top thereof so as to be connected to an exhaust pipe, an air inlet defined adjacent to the smoke exhaust hole, and a heating-water store in which heating water is stored; a main opening/closing unit installed on the boiler main body to open and close the feeding hole and selectively supply and block the entry of outside air into the boiler main body when the feeding hole is closed; an auxiliary opening/closing unit for supplying outside air into the boiler main body when the entry of outside air is blocked by the main opening/closing unit; a temperature sensor for sensing the temperature of the heating water; and a control unit for controlling the inflow and blocking of air by means of the main opening/closing unit on the basis of information on the temperature sensed by the temperature sensor.

Abstract: A boiler and a method in a boiler producing thermal energy, the method including: combustion or fuel and combustion air in the furnace of the boiler, delimited by walls; receiving of thermal energy by a steam superheater placed on the wall of the furnace and including at least one heat exchange surface, and supplying of gas or a gas mixture to the front of said heat exchange surface to form a barrier layer for protecting the heat exchange surface from flue gases developed in connection with the combustion. At least one supply device is provided in the superheater or in the direct vicinity of the superheater, to supply gas or a gas mixture to the front of said heat exchange surface to form a barrier layer to protect the heat exchange surface from the flue gases in the boiler.