Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for treating blood plasma including the steps of ethanol precipitation of the plasma or a fraction of plasma, recovering the precipitate, washing said precipitate, recovering a washed plasma paste, and making said washed plasma paste soluble.

Abstract: An arrangement for preparing samples and analyzing pesticides in samples contains an HILIC chromatography column with a first pump for a predominately low-water and/or non-polar solvent; and SPE enrichment arrangement; a second chromatography column with a second pump for a predominantly water-rich and/or polar solvent; a detector; and a valve arrangement for controlling the stream of sample and matrix, which valve arrangement is designed in such a way that the sample stream, in a first switching state of the valve arrangement, can be conducted from the HILIC chromatography column to the SPE enrichment arrangement and, in a second switching state, the sample enriched in the SPE enrichment arrangement can be conducted in the opposite direction from the SPE enrichment arrangement through the second chromatography column to the detector.

Abstract: A method of reducing disinfection by-products in water treated with disinfectants including contacting the water with an amount of a non-decomposed moss effective to reduce the level of disinfection by-products. A method of determining the effectiveness of a first method of reducing disinfection by-products in water treated with disinfectants, the first method including contacting the water with an amount of a non-decomposed moss effective to reduce the level of disinfection by-products, the method including determining the effectiveness of the first method by measuring the level of the disinfection by-products in water treated with disinfectants and contacted with the amount of non-decomposed moss.

Abstract: A fluid separation system including a fluid mixture including a first fluid component dispersed in a second fluid component. A plurality of micro- or nanoparticles is operatively arranged in the fluid mixture to stabilize the fluid mixture by adhering to interfaces of the first fluid component. A magnetic element is operatively arranged for forming a magnetic field through the fluid mixture. The micro- or nanoparticles are magnetically responsive to the magnetic field for urging the first fluid component in a direction defined by the magnetic field. A method of separating fluids is also included.

Abstract: Device and methods for use of these devices to manipulate substantially non-magnetic particles dispersed inside a magnetic fluid by employing a changeable pattern of local magnetic field maxima and minima are provided.

Abstract: The injection of oxygen to a flotation basin in the process of removing pollutants from water streams comprising applying a flocculating or coagulating agent to a portion of the water stream, and creating a flocculation basin along the water stream. The injection of oxygen includes submitting the aggregate particles with higher dimension and density located upstream of the portion of the water stream to at least one of dissolving and injecting oxygen, directing same to dissolving plants through pressurized mixers, thus forming a water/oxygen mixture to be injected to portions of the water stream, causing the aggregate particles to float; creating a flotation basin along the portion of the water stream, the agglomerated material present upstream on the surface and by the banks of the water stream being removed by scraping the surface of the water stream.

Abstract: A method of purifying raw water comprises the steps of supplying the raw water to a generally vertical, open-ended inlet cylinder (23) in a reservoir (20), exposing the water in the inlet cylinder (23) to air for accomplishing oxidizing of matter, such as iron, manganese, and hydrogen sulphide in the water and/or agitation of the water, allowing the oxidized matter to fall down by gravity to the bottom of the reservoir (20), allowing the purified water to flow upwards past the inlet cylinder (23) and through a distribution disc (24) in the reservoir (20), and removing the purified water from the upper part of the reservoir (20).

Abstract: The present disclosure is generally directed to devices and methods of treating aqueous solutions to help remove or otherwise reduce levels, concentrations or amounts of one or more contaminants. The present disclosure relates to a apparatus including a substantially self-contained housing or container which is adapted to receive components including at least one counterelectrode (e.g. cathode) and at least one photoelectrode (e.g. anode) provided or arranged around at least one UV light source, and/or receive, contain and/or circulate fluid or aqueous solution.

Abstract: A direct contact cell is useful for the purification of water and sterilization of organics and inorganics used in water purification systems, such as waste water reuse. Specifically, this direct contact cell is useful for the treatment of flow back and produced waters in the oil and gas industry and also the mining industry, for the destruction of pathogens, heavy metals, suspended solids, iron, cyanide fats and organic material. The direct contact electrolytic cell allows a single passage through the cell to handle flow rates of up to 42 gallons per minute. The cell provides a plurality of separate anodes disposed with the cell and cathodes in front of and behind the anodes and can be operated at high voltages.

Abstract: A means for obtaining high mass transfer efficiencies in surfactant laden wastewater treatment or process systems is disclosed. The present system employs ultrafine bubbles delivered into a high shear region such as in the draft tube or other containment volume of a mechanically agitated contacting system within which an impeller is placed, or in the venturi or divergent-convergent of a pumped loop within which gas-liquid contacting is carried out.

Abstract: A sand check filter for preventing solids from reentering into a pump. The filter is designed to mount atop a conventional rod pump. The filter allows well fluid, that contains high solids, to pass through the pump under normal operation while eliminating the solids from being swept back into the pump barrel. The filter includes a sleeve that has radial flutes that allows the sleeve from hanging up, sticking to or wedging itself to the valve rod. The sleeve is rotated on the valve rod to create a valve effect atop the filter. This prevents the fluid from passing through the inner diameter of the screen and forces solids within the fluid to be redirected to the outer diameter of the filter. This allows the fluid to be filtered before reentering the pump.

Abstract: Fluid filtration devices, systems and methods are disclosed. The device comprises a pump-filter hybrid system that uses rotational motion to produce pressure to drive liquid through filter elements, capturing filtrate in an isolated chamber of the device and rejecting separated solids into a second isolated chamber. The fluid filtration device, which can be configured to filter a wide variety of fluids, comprises: an influent input manifold; an impeller bowl and filter assembly configured to rotate about an axis; a barrier and routing configuration to catch and distribute filtrate; a barrier and routing configuration to catch and distribute rejected solids.

Abstract: A method of delivering feed, for example a paraffinic solvent treated bitumen froth, to a separation vessel, for example a froth separation unit (FSU). The feed is delivered from one or more inlets into the side of a series of parallel plates that form a series of channels which may be either vertical or inclined at an intermediate angle. This feed inlet flow conditioning system is characterized by a Channel Reynolds number of less than 3000. Such inlet flow conditioning is particularly useful where the feed has particles with a bi-modal size distribution to be separated from an overflow stream. The low Reynolds number combined with the influence of the walls serves to mitigate the upward flux of the smaller particles, for example mineral solids, by trapping the smaller particles within a matrix of larger particles, for example precipitated asphaltene aggregates.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a filtering medium, a method for the production thereof, the use of said filtering medium and a method for reducing the content of multiple contaminants simultaneously in fluids by means of said filtering medium through a physical barrier, a chemical process or biological process, wherein said filtering medium consists of or comprises at least one of the following: a mixture (A) containing a major part of an iron-based powder and a minor part of a copper based powder, an iron-copper powder alloy (B), and an iron-based porous and permeable composite containing copper (C).

Abstract: An air sealing device for installation in server racks to minimize the internal mixing of cooling air with warm air without passing through a server. The device has an elongated support strip of ABS or similar plastic material, to one portion of one side of which is secured a double side foam mounting strip, with an outside adhesive surface covered by a removable strip. A Neoprene foam, resiliently flexible sealing strip is adhesively secured by one edge margin thereof to the available surface portion of the support strip, on the same side as the mounting strip. The sealing strip can be mounted on a rack element to extend across an air space and into contact with a cover panel to prevent bypass air flow along sides of the rack. The device can also be mounted on a frame element to extend over surface areas thereof to close openings therein.

Abstract: A frame includes a first frame member that has a first opening at an end portion thereof; a second frame member that has a second opening at an end portion thereof; a first frame coupling member that comprises a first projection that fits into the first opening and a second projection that fits into the second opening; and a second frame coupling member that couples to the first frame coupling member, wherein: the first frame member and the second frame member are located so as to be sandwiched between the first frame coupling member and the second frame coupling member when the first frame coupling member and the second frame coupling member are coupled to each other.

Abstract: A cantilever-type standoff includes a column body, a plurality of cantilevers, a plurality of blocking plates, and a plurality of bumps. The cantilevers are respectively disposed on opposite end surfaces of the column body. The blocking plates are respectively parallel to the cantilevers. A plurality of clamping grooves are respectively defined by the blocking plates and the cantilevers. The bumps are respectively disposed on surfaces of the cantilevers facing the blocking plates.

Abstract: A product management display system for merchandising product on a shelf includes using a trackless pusher mechanism that travels along a surface on which product is placed. The pusher mechanism of the invention also includes a pusher paddle and a floor that extends forward of the pusher paddle. A flat coiled spring or other biasing element may be operatively connected behind the pusher paddle and extend across the floor of the pusher mechanism and to the front of the shelf. In use, the product to be merchandised may be placed on the coiled spring and on the floor of the pusher mechanism. With this configuration, the pusher paddle is prevented from tipping or bending backwards during operation. The invention may be used with the merchandising of product on horizontal or non-inclined shelves or surfaces, gravity-fed systems, or systems that use gravity to urge product toward the front of the shelf.

Abstract: A household implement holder can be used to hang household implements such as fly swatters. A unit has a vertical shaft connected to a base and concealment shield. The implement suspended from the vertical shaft. The vertical shaft may be attached to a vertical surface such as a wall or the unit may be free-standing. The bottom of the implement is hidden in a volume behind the concealment shield when it is suspended from the vertical shaft. The unit may be constructed of different materials, such as wood, plastic, metal, any similar materials, or any combination thereof.

Abstract: A device for organizing, storing and displaying earrings, pins, brooches and the like which are removably supported and held in place on at least one sheet of material and preferably a plurality of sheets of material hanging from a horizontal rod(s) or spindle(s) supported by arms extending from a vertical frame extending from a base. The spaced apart parallel support arms extend outwardly from the face of the frame a selected distance above the base and include positioning means at selected intervals hold the rod(s) supporting a sheet of fabric, mesh or woven panels to which the earrings, pins and brooches are attached.

Abstract: A rack assembly of storage bins has a back wall, series of vertical slots in the back wall, partition members having tongues for fixing the partition member to the back wall. Extending between the partition members are bin floors, the edges of the floor members located in slots in the partition members. The spacing of the slots in the back wall and of the slots in the partition members is selected to permit a range of spacings of horizontally adjacent partition members and a range of spacings of vertically adjacent floor members. By suitable selection of the spacings, a large variety of bin sizes can be obtained.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a ballast wagon for a derrick crane. The ballast wagon has two wheeled portions which each have at least two wheelsets with a respective one wheel. The two wheeled portions are arranged rotatably at a frame of the ballast wagon. The at least two wheelsets of a wheeled portion are formed pivotable independently of one another about a respective pivot axis.

Abstract: Provided is a two-block sensing system (or device) that may be attached to an end of a lifting device, for example, a crane. The sensing device may include an A2B mount, a touch bar pivotally connected to the A2B mount, a link pivotally connected to the A2B mount, and a switch operatively connected to the touch bar so that if the touch bar is rotated with respect to the A2B mount, the switch becomes one of activated and deactivated.

Abstract: An expandable container system including a container, an expandable nipple and a one-way valve. The expandable nipple is attached to the first end of the container and the valve is attached to a second end of the container. A counteracting bias force is generated within the container and a first fluid is drawn in through the valve by extending the expandable nipple. When the expandable nipple is released, the expandable nipple is biased back to an unextended state, and an increase in pressure created by the counteracting bias force induces a second fluid to flow out of an outlet in the expandable nipple.

Abstract: A novel synthetic resin container includes an entirely or partly dome-like shoulder portion interconnecting a mouth portion and an upper end of a body portion, and provides high strength at the shoulder portion and excellent aesthetic appearance. The shoulder portion has a dome-like region with a plurality of rhombic and triangular bulging portions arranged in the circumferential direction, each protruding outward from its rhombic or triangular outer edge toward its inner edge. The plurality of triangular bulging portions are arranged between the rhombic portions. The rhombic inner edge defines a region protruding inward of the container and thereby forming a rhombic depression, which is provided with a rib having a vertical contour line that protrudes outward. The triangular inner edge defines a region protruding inward of the container so as to form a triangular depression, which is provided with a rib having a vertical contour line that protrudes outward.

Abstract: A closure is shown for closing an opening of a vessel. The closure includes a stopper, a shield, and a pusher. The stopper seats at least partially within the vessel opening. The shield includes a recess configured to receive the stopper and at least partially defined by the inner surface of a skirt. The skirt is positioned outside the generally cylindrical neck of the vessel when the stopper is seated in the vessel opening. The pusher extends into the recess of the shield. The pusher is configured to push the stopper out of the opening when the shield is withdrawn axially, as when removing the closure from the opening. A method of assembling a closure is also shown, in which the pusher is positioned to push the stopper out of the opening when the shield is withdrawn axially from the vessel opening.

Abstract: A bottle includes a neck portion having an opening configured to permit filling and emptying of the bottle, a shoulder portion connected to a lower end of the neck portion, a sidewall connected to a lower end of the shoulder portion and extending vertically downward from the shoulder portion, and a base connected to a lower end of the sidewall and forming a bottom surface of the bottle. The sidewall has a plurality of annular ribs extending around a periphery of the sidewall. Each of the annular ribs includes a plurality of sequential enlarged portions interconnected by bridges, with each of the enlarged portions having a vertical width that is greater than a vertical width of each of the bridges.

Abstract: A bottle may have varying depth ribs to achieve a balance of strength and rigidity while maintaining hoop strength. The varying depth ribs may smoothly transition around the circumference of the bottle from a flattened and/or shallow depth rib portion to a deep rib portion. A collection of flattened and/or shallow depth ribs act as recessed columns in the body of the bottle to resist bending, leaning, crumbling, and/or stretching. The deep rib portions provide hoop strength and make the bottle body more rigid and/or stiffer when gripped by a user. A balance may be achieved between of flattened and/or shallow depth ribs and deep ribs to attain a desired resistance to bending, leaning, and/or stretching while maintaining stiffness in a lightweight bottle.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a pattern structure, the method includes sequentially forming a mold layer and a mask layer on a substrate, patterning the mask layer to form a mask having a plurality of first and second holes located at vertices of hexagons that form a honeycomb structure, forming filling layer patterns in the first and second holes, removing the mask, forming a spacer on sidewalls of the filling layer patterns and the spacer has a plurality of third holes at centers of the hexagons, removing the filling layer patterns to form an etching mask including the spacer, and etching the mold layer using the etching mask to form the pattern structure having a plurality of openings located at the vertices and the centers of the hexagons.

Abstract: An in-mold roller (IMR) manufacturing method is provided, including the following steps: providing a forming mold, which includes a female mold member and a male mold member mating the female mold member, the female mold member being provided with a pattern structure; providing an IMR film to an injection molding machine; providing an injectionable material; depositing the injectionable material and the IMR film in the forming mold; and performing injection molding operation to mold a casing carrying texture corresponding to the pattern structure. A casing manufactured with the IMR manufacturing method is also provided.

Abstract: The invention discloses a method of manufacturing a microneedle including the steps of forming an island etching mask having thickness distribution on a substrate, and processing the substrate into a needle by taking advantage of a difference in etching rates between the etching mask and the substrate. The invention enables to readily control a point angle and height of the manufactured needle.

Abstract: A TAMR (Thermally Assisted Magnetic Recording) write head is formed with a narrow pole tip, a trailing edge magnetic shield and, optionally, a plasmon shield. The narrow pole tipped write head uses the energy of laser generated edge plasmons, formed in a plasmon generating layer, to locally heat a PMR magnetic recording medium slightly below its Curie temperature, Tc. When combined with the effects of the narrow tip, this local heating to a temperature below Tc is sufficient to create good transitions and narrow track widths in the magnetic medium. The write head is capable of writing effectively on state-of-the-art PMR recording media having Hk of 20 kOe or more.

Abstract: A method and a mechanism for nano scale patterns with high aspect ratios etched on both photoresist layers and a carrier substrate and uses two complementary photoresist layers as an etch mask and the laser direct-write lithography technology to quickly fabricate large-size & nano scale patterns features (1) inorganic photoresist as material of a first layer of photoresist for nano scale patterns defined by laser beam direct-write lithography and (2) polymeric organic photoresist as material of a second layer of photoresist to thicken an etch mask because of effect of oxygen plasma, which has a higher etching rate on a polymeric organic photoresist layer but a lower one on an inorganic photoresist layer. For various materials of carrier substrates applied to the present invention, there are several types of Inductively Coupled Plasma-Reactive Ion Etching technologies available for nano scale patterns continuously transferred to a carrier substrate.

Abstract: Embodiments in accordance with the present invention relate to packed-column nano-liquid chromatography (nano-LC) systems integrated on-chip, and methods for producing and using same. The microfabricated chip includes a column, flits/filters, an injector, and a detector, fabricated in a process compatible with those conventionally utilized to form integrated circuits. The column can be packed with supports for various different stationary phases to allow performance of different forms of nano-LC, including but not limited to reversed-phase, normal-phase, adsorption, size-exclusion, affinity, and ion chromatography. A cross-channel injector injects a nanolitre/picolitre-volume sample plug at the column inlet. An electrochemical/conductivity sensor integrated at the column outlet measures separation signals.

Abstract: A capacitor forming method includes forming an electrically conductive support material over a substrate, forming an opening through at least the support material to the substrate, and, after forming the opening, forming a capacitor structure contacting the substrate and the support material in the opening. The support material contains at least 25 at % carbon. Another capacitor forming method includes forming a support material over a substrate, forming an opening through at least the support material to the substrate, and, after forming the opening, forming a capacitor structure contacting the substrate and the support material in the opening. The support material contains at least 20 at % carbon. The support material has a thickness and the opening has an aspect ratio 20:1 or greater within the thickness of the support material.

Abstract: A method of lithography on a substrate uses a self-assembled polymer (SAP) layer deposited on the substrate, with first and second domains arranged in a pattern across the layer. A planarization layer is formed over the SAP and a development etch applied to substantially remove a portion of the planarization layer over the second domain leaving a cap of the planarization layer substantially covering the first domain. The uncapped second domain is then removed from the surface by a breakthrough etch leaving the capped first domain as a pattern feature on the surface. A transfer etch may then be used to transfer the pattern feature to the substrate using the capped first domain. The capping allows the second domain to be removed, e.g., without excessive loss of lateral feature width for the remaining first domain, even when the difference in etch resistance between the first and second domains is small.

Abstract: A slurry for chemical mechanical polishing of Co. The slurry comprises components by weight as follows, Inhibitor 0.01-2%, Oxidant 0-5%, Abrasive 0.1-10%, Complexing agent 0.001-10%, and the rest of water. The pH value of the slurries is adjusted to 3-5 by a pH value adjustor. The inhibitor is chosen from one or more kinds of five-membered heterocycle compound containing S and N atoms or containing S or N atom. The oxidant is one or more chosen from H2O2, (NH4)2S2O8, KIO4, and KClO5. The abrasive is one or more chosen from SiO2, CeO2, and Al2O3. The complexing agent is one or more chosen from amino acid and citric acid. The slurry can effectively prevent Co over corrosion and reduce the polishing rate of Co in the polishing process.

Abstract: In a device for machining, in particular etching and/or developing, substrates, in particular wafers, in particular etching and/or developing, having a turntable, the turntable has a Venturi gap.

Abstract: An electrical switching apparatus includes separable contacts, an operating mechanism structured to open and close the separable contacts, and a trip mechanism cooperating with the operating mechanism to trip open the separable contacts. The trip mechanism includes a trip latch, and an arc chamber operatively associated with the separable contacts. The arc chamber includes a plurality of arc plates and a barrier disposed between the arc plates and the trip latch. The barrier has an opening therein. A trip member is disposed in or about the opening of the barrier of the arc chamber. During interruption of current flowing through the separable contacts, pressure arising from an arc in the arc chamber pushes the trip member away from the barrier of the arc chamber to engage the trip latch and cause the trip mechanism to trip open the separable contacts.

Abstract: A controller of an electrical discharge machine comprises: a control unit that controls a machining condition set by the electrical discharge machine; an acquisition unit that acquires a parameter indicating an electrical discharge state between poles in a state where the machining condition is controlled by the control unit so that a normal electrical discharge occurs between the poles; an arithmetic unit that obtains a probability density distribution of the acquired parameter; a decision unit that decides a threshold that specifies a boundary between a normal electrical discharge and an abnormal electrical discharge between the poles based on the obtained probability density distribution; and a discrimination unit that discriminates whether the electrical discharge state between the poles is normal or abnormal by using the decided threshold, and wherein the control unit controls the machining condition based on a discrimination result of the discrimination unit.

Abstract: A wire electric discharge machining apparatus includes a wire electrode, a guide roller that arranges wire electrodes in parallel by winding the wire electrode therearound, a plurality of slidable contact conductors that are in slidable contact with the wire electrodes arranged in parallel, respectively, and a power feeding jig that holds the slidable contact conductors individually and feeds power individually to the wire electrodes arranged in parallel via each of the slidable contact conductors, in which the power feeding jig includes a plurality of reference surfaces that determine a fixing interval between the slidable contact conductors.

Abstract: A method for depositing superalloy materials. A layer of powder (14) disposed over a superalloy substrate (12) is heated with an energy beam (16) to form a layer of superalloy cladding (10) and a layer of slag (18). The layer of powder includes flux material and alloy material, formed either as separate powders or as a hybrid particle powder. A layer of powdered flux material (22) may be placed over a layer of powdered metal (20), or the flux and metal powders may be mixed together (36). An extrudable filler material (44) such as nickel, nickel-chromium or nickel-chromium-cobalt wire or strip may be added to the melt pool to combine with the melted powder to give the superalloy cladding the composition of a desired superalloy material.

Abstract: A method of repairing service-induced surface cracks (92) in a superalloy component (90). A layer of powdered flux material (100) is applied over the cracks and is melted with a laser beam (98) to form a re-melted zone (104) of the superalloy material under a layer of slag (106). The slag cleanses the melt pool of contaminants that may have been trapped in the cracks, thereby eliminating the need for pre-melting fluoride ion cleaning. Optionally, alloy feed material may be applied with the powdered flux material to augment the volume of the melt or to modify the composition of the re-melted zone.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device and a process for the arc welding of metal workpieces employing a MIG/MAG welding torch combined with a TIG welding torch so as to operate simultaneously and to obtain welded joints free of protruding defects.

Abstract: An aircraft engine pylon comprises a top wall, a bottom wall, a left side wall, and a right side wall. The left side wall includes a left truss structure along with a left upper ledge and a left lower ledge. The right side wall includes a right truss structure along with a right upper ledge and a right lower ledge. The top wall is joined with the left upper ledge and the right upper ledge and an upper truss structure is formed in the left upper ledge, the right upper ledge, and the top wall. The bottom wall is joined with the left lower ledge and the right lower ledge and a lower truss structure is formed in the left lower ledge, the right lower ledge, and the bottom wall.

Abstract: A switchable compound laser working machine comprises a machine body, a first output module, a second output module, a switch module, and a control module. The first and second output modules are respectively provided with a laser tube. The switch module has at least one lens. It is able to change the output direction of laser beams by moving the lens. The control module is used for controlling the laser tubes of the first and second output modules to perform output operation respectively and used for moving the lens of the switch module into output pathway of the laser beams from the first or the second output module to alter the output direction of the laser beams.

Abstract: A modulation device for directing a mobile tracking device away from an asset is provided. The modulation device includes a continuous wave laser source whose output is directed at a seeker head of the mobile tracking device. The modulation device causes the generation of localized sources within the mobile tracking device and confuses the mobile tracking device as to the true location of the asset. A portable cutting device is disclosed. The portable cutting device may include a portable power supply and a laser source. The portable power supply and laser source of the portable cutting device may be positioned within a backpack and carried by a user. A handheld unit which is coupled to the laser source may be supported by the hands of the operator. The handheld unit provides power generated by the laser source to a barrier to be cut.

Abstract: A method for fabricating an optical device including: a first step of preparing a carrier having a first area and a second area, both edges of the second area having a wall of a step, one edge of the second area being adjacent to the first area, the first area having a first thickness, the second area having a second thickness larger than the first thickness, a second step of mounting the carrier on a temperature control device after the first step, and a third step of mounting a first optical component on the first area of the carrier after the second step.

Abstract: Methods and structures using laser bonding for stacking semiconductor substrates are described. In one embodiment, a method of forming a semiconductor device includes forming a trench in a first substrate, and a bond pad on a second substrate comprising active circuitry. A top surface of the bond pad includes a first material. The first substrate is aligned over the second substrate to align the trench over the bond pad. An electromagnetic beam is directed into the trench to form a bond between the first material on the bond pad and a second material at a bottom surface of the first substrate.

Abstract: A laser machining system useful for machining internal cavities where visual monitoring is difficult or impossible may include a laser generator, a rod configured to extend from and retract towards the laser generator, an articulated mirror mounted on the rod and configured to reflect a laser beam generated by the laser generator, one or more sensors, and a controller that may receive data from the sensor and determine how and whether to manipulate, based on the data, the rod and the articulated mirror to direct the laser beam generated by the laser generator.