Abstract: Objective—Create a mechanical system to manage the gravitational force exerted on a series of weights; with the ultimate goal of transferring this force to turn a shaft. The system consists of a fixed base and 2 types of mechanical modules. The modules are arranged side-by-side along a crankshaft. One module type consists of rods connected to a crankshaft. Two arms are connected to the fixed structure and to a third arm. All are connected to a central shaft by a connecting rod. A second type of module consists of a support arm for the weight connected to the central axis. The length of the support arm is variable. The arm is held in position by a pin which is pulled at the precise moment; altering the length of the arm. This shifts the center of gravity and drives the crankshaft. The altering of the arms' lengths is synchronized.

Abstract: A boom accessory for a fork truck comprises a frame having receiver tubes for receiving forks of a fork truck, a boom extending forwardly from the frame, and a frame-to-carriage anchor assembly on the frame. The frame-to-carriage anchor assembly includes a carriage-attaching subassembly with top and bottom connectors for securely engaging mating structure on the fork truck's carriage, and includes a vertically-slidable anchor between the carriage-attaching subassembly and the frame to restrain the frame horizontally from sliding forwardly off the forks. By this arrangement, the forks can lift a weight of the frame, boom, and boom-carried load without stressing the anchor assembly, but can provide a substantial and secure horizontal retaining force prevent the boom accessory from sliding forward off the forks.

Abstract: A group supervisory control device for an elevator includes a hall call assignment portion assigning a specific car to a hall call registered; an operation prediction portion predicting which is the operation to the next hall registered, regenerative operation or power running operation, and the time for which the regenerating operation or the power running operation is performed when the specific car has stopped at a responding hall; and a door open time control portion comparing the time for which the regenerative operation or the power running operation of the specific car is performed with the remaining running time of any other car performing the power running operation or the regenerative operation already predicted, calculating overlap time for the operations simultaneously, and making door open time set for the specific car changed to determine the door open time that can obtain longer overlap time, whereby a door is closed.

Abstract: Method and arrangement in the manufacture of an elevator, which includes during construction time an elevator hoistway, an elevator car, hoisting roping, a supporting structure including a plurality of support elements movable between a position extended from the supporting structure towards the side and a position retracted towards the supporting structure, and a platform. A plurality of lifts are performed, in each of which lifts the supporting structure is lifted higher up in the elevator hoistway, while the support elements are in the retracted position, after which the support elements are displaced into the extended position and the supporting structure is lowered to rest on top of the structures of the building supported by the support elements in the extended position for the vertical support of the supporting structure in the elevator hoistway, and between lifts the elevator car is used for transporting passengers and/or freight between floors.

Abstract: An elevator installation with an elevator cab in an elevator shaft and a measurement tape for determining the position of the elevator cab within the elevator shaft, which measurement tape is arranged vertically in the elevator shaft and has a code along the measurement tape, and at least one marking element which is attached in the elevator shaft and has a reference marking, and a sensor apparatus which is attached to the elevator cab and comprises an illumination source and a sensor, which form a detection field for detecting the measurement tape and with an evaluation apparatus. The reference marking is arranged such that it can be captured by the detection field and the sensor apparatus is also provided for detecting the reference marking and the evaluation apparatus aligns the position determined by the measurement tape with the reference marking.

Abstract: A connecting portion 4f to which a pushrod actuating mechanism 7 is connected is provided on an opposite side, to a disc rotor 5, of a bottom wall of a cylinder bore 4e of a caliper body 4 so as to project therefrom. An accommodation bore 4m that accommodates a pushrod 12 and an adjusting bolt 18 is formed in the connecting portion 4f. In forming the caliper body 4, the connecting portion 4f is formed so as to have the same section shapes when taken along a direction perpendicular to an cylinder axial direction. By cutting the connecting portion 4f so that a length of the connecting portion 4f in the cylinder axial direction becomes a predetermined length and processing the connecting portion 4f, a connecting surface 4n to which the pushrod actuating mechanism 7 is connected is formed on the connecting portion 4f.

Abstract: A swing damper (1) for dampening swinging motion of working element, comprising an upper part (2), that is connected to a suspension, and a lower part (3), that is connected to a rotator, wherein the upper part (2) and the lower part (3) are pivotally connected to each other, wherein between the upper part (2) and the lower part (3) are arranged discs (7, 8, 9,10, 11), which can swing around central axis (6), wherein at least one of said discs (7, 8) is secured against rotation relative to the upper part (2) and at least one of said discs (9, 10, 11) is secured against rotation relative to the lower part (3), whereby the upper part (2) and the lower part (1) are pivotally connected to each other through a whole centre pin (14), and whereby the swing damper (1) comprises tensioning elements (20, 21, 22) operating to press the discs (7, 8, 9,10, 11) together during the swing dampening operation, wherein the tensioning elements (20, 21, 22) are arranged at least in one or more discs (7, 8, 10, 11).

Abstract: Internally vented brake disk rotors have a form of a cylindrical slab with an annular geometry and have an axis of circular symmetry for its outer circumference and its inner circumference and a center hole which is symmetric with regard to the axis. The brake disk contains at least two parallel ring disks which are connected with each other by a repeating series of ribs, the configuration of the brake disk rotor is symmetric with regard to different sense of rotation of the brake disk, i.e. symmetric to at least one plane spanned by the axis of rotation of the brake disk and one radius of the cylindrical brake disk.

Abstract: A multi-layered carbon ceramic brake disk has at least one carrier body, and at least one ventilation layer that containing ventilation ducts, and optionally, at least one friction layer. The brake disk is made by joining green bodies of at least one individual carrier body, green bodies of at least one individual ventilation layer, and optionally, green bodies of at least one individual friction layer. The green bodies contain thermoplastic or thermoset polymeric materials, in their solid or cured states, and by subsequent carbonization and ceramicization by infiltration with carbide-forming elements.

Abstract: The invention relates to motorcycle brake disc rotors. The technical result of the claimed invention is an improvement in the manufacturability of a ventilated rotor having internal through cooling channels, a reduction in the weight and moment of inertia of said rotor and an increase in the cooling rate thereof.

Abstract: Friction pad (1) for mounting on a brake lining, including a base (11) and at least one first friction material block (12), which is attached to at least one portion of said base (11), the base (11) and the first friction material block (12) defining a first plane at the interface thereof. The base (11) has: a mounting bracket (111) to which the at least first friction material block (12) is attached, at least one first hooking interface (112) distant from the mounting bracket (111) in a direction parallel to the first plane, for directly or indirectly attaching the pad (1) to the brake lining, and at least one first neck (113) extending parallel to the first plane, forming a resilient leaf between the mounting bracket (111) and the first hooking interface (112), to enable the mounting bracket (111) to accommodate translational and rotational movements in every direction.

Abstract: A power tool braking device, in particular a portable power tool braking device, for a portable power tool has at least one magnetic field braking unit. The power tool braking device comprises at least one drive unit which has at least one drive element, on which at least one braking element of the magnetic field braking unit is arranged.

Abstract: A hydraulic brake device includes a main body, a brake lever, a hydraulic rod, a connecting rod, a sleeve member and an elastic member. The elastic member has an assembling portion, a driving portion and a deformation portion. When a user actuates the brake lever suddenly and forcefully, the driving portion of the elastic member moves toward the hydraulic room; a pressure of hydraulic oil pushes the driving portion so as to indirectly force the deformation portion to deform and bend, so that the deformation portion and the driving portion slightly move toward the assembling portion; thereby, a volume of hydraulic oil is smoothly pushed into a brake caliper through a hydraulic pipeline, such that the user brakes a bicycle stably, smoothly and safely.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a luggage case including a retractable handle including a retractable post and a grip. When extended, the retractable post elevates the grip away from the top surface. Further, when the handle is retracted, the grip rotates between a first position and a second position, each of the first position and second position being parallel to the bottom surface and perpendicular to each other.

Abstract: It is provided a vehicle power transmission device having a hydraulic power transmission device and a power transmission mechanism in a power transmission path between an engine and drive wheels, the hydraulic power transmission device including an input-side rotating member disposed with a plurality of pump blades and an output-side rotating member disposed with a plurality of turbine blades receiving a fluid flow from the pump blades, the power transmission mechanism transmitting power input to an input shaft from the hydraulic power transmission device to a subsequent stage, the output-side rotating member being coupled by relatively non-rotatable fitting to the input shaft on the power transmission mechanism side relative to the pump blades and the turbine blades in an axial center direction of the hydraulic power transmission device, the hydraulic power transmission device being a torque converter having a stator coupled via a one way clutch to a tubular stator shaft concentric with the input shaft and h

Abstract: A clamping roller freewheel for an adjusting device in a motor vehicle includes a cylindrical outer surface, at least one roller pair, an output shaft, a clamping element which is rotationally connected to the output shaft and which has at least one clamping slope on an opposite side of the roller pair to the cylindrical outer surface, and a spacer device which is at least partially between the rollers and has elastic properties. This spacer device includes a spacer piece and a spring. When the spacer piece is in the normal position, an oblique surface bears against a roller. The spring presses the spacer piece into the normal position in which it exerts, a force on at least one roller. When passing from the normal position to the retracted position, the oblique surface is moved away from the roller.

Abstract: A valve assembly for a viscous clutch includes an orifice plate defining a bore to allow the passage of a fluid through the orifice plate, a reed valve secured relative to the orifice plate, an armature comprising a magnetic flux-conducting material, an anchor spring secured to the armature, and a stiffening plate. The reed valve includes a tongue configured to selectively cover the bore of the orifice plate, and a first pivot location along the tongue. A second pivot location is defined along the anchor spring at an edge of the stiffening plate. The first and second pivot locations are spaced from each other. The armature is configured to selectively apply a force to the reed valve to pivot at least a portion of the tongue about the first pivot location.

Abstract: Leakage oil from a hydraulic actuator operating a dry clutch is prevented from leaking into a dry space where the dry clutch is placed. A space formed by the back surface of a piston of a hydraulic actuator, a coupling plate, and a cylinder portion is sealed by a first seal portion and a second seal portion. Oil leaked from a hydraulic oil chamber through the piston is stored in the space, and is returned to a wet space in a case through an oil passage.

Abstract: A cylindrical ring-shaped friction disc contains a support body, at least one friction layer, and in each case an intermediate layer arranged between the support body and the friction layer. The intermediate layer has mutually adjoining flat regions with different coefficients of thermal expansion. A method teaches how to produce such a friction disc, and to the use the friction disc as parts of brake and clutch systems, in particular for motor vehicles.

Abstract: A park lock of a transmission, including a park gear; a park pawl rotating about a pawl shaft, the park pawl having a pawl portion locking the park gear, the park pawl including a cam contact portion; a park rod responsive to an operation of a controller, the park rod having a cam portion pressing the cam contact portion to have park pawl engage the park gear; a park sleeve receiving the cam portion and defining a first contact point providing a reactive force to the cam contact portion of the park pawl pressing against the cam portion at a second contact point; a pawl torsional spring biasing the park pawl towards disengagement; and a pawl stopper limiting the rotation of the park pawl wherein motions are constrained within a plane of the transmission and components are rotatingly disposed in parallel axis bores in one half of a transmission case.

Abstract: An asymmetric article-carrying puck is driven by a linear star conveyor through an angular rotation orienting section to orient the pucks and articles therein irrespective of random initial orientation. In one embodiment, an upper puck plate carries the article while a separated lower puck plate defines a rotational orienting circular gear rack with a rotation-stopping bridge, separating ends of the rack and inclined from a base of one end tooth in the rack to a crest of another end tooth in the rack. The lower puck plate can be a combination of two circular plates with the circular gear rack interposed therebetween and within the periphery of the circular plates. Pucks can be accumulated in mutual engaged positions and separated by the linear star into preselected pitch while transported and turned. Integral pucks can be used. The structural details and methods are disclosed.

Abstract: A unit for transferring and up-ending at least one sealed package containing a pourable food product and having a first axis, comprising: at least one push member which cooperates with package to feed it along a first path from an in-feed station to an out-feed station; the path extending about a second axis; the unit further comprising a guide cooperating with a first side of package along first path to up-end it from an in-feed position, in which it is positioned with first axis oriented in a first direction, to an out-feed position, in which it is positioned with first axis oriented in a second direction crosswise to first direction; and an anti-rotating mechanism cooperating with package along path to prevent package from rotating about first axis; an anti-rotating mechanism comprising a pressure element rotatable about second axis and adapted to cooperate, in use, with package.

Abstract: Apparatus for select, reversible attachment to a traveling conveyor of a conveyance apparatus is provided. The apparatus generally comprises a body and an interface assembly. The interface assembly is generally characterized by opposingly paired tensioned elements and an actuatable member interposed between the opposingly paired tensioned elements for pivoting between a first assembly position and a second assembly position upon application of a select external force to one portion of one of two opposing portions of the actuatable member. The actuatable member has a peripheral portion adapted to receive and retain the conveyor of the conveyance apparatus with the traveling conveyor freely passing through the peripheral portion of the actuatable member at the first assembly position for the actuatable member, and the traveling conveyor captured for attaching the apparatus to the traveling conveyor for travel therewith at the second assembly position for the actuatable member.

Abstract: An article (2) accumulation conveyor (1) having an endless conveying belt (9), characterized in that it comprises: a plurality of accumulation modules (14) having adjustable capacity, comprising independent frames (16), a device (53) for transferring the articles (2) from one accumulation module (14) to mother (14), said device (53) being interposed between said modules (14); an endless conveying belt (9) common to the accumulation modules (14) and to the transfer device (53).

Abstract: The invention relates to a transport device (1) for workpieces (2) which have a longitudinal axis (L), in particular for pipes or for round stock, by way of which transport device (1) the workpieces (2) can be conveyed from a first location (3) to a second location (4) in a conveying direction (F) transversely with respect to their longitudinal axis (L), wherein the transport device (1) has: at least two stationary storage carriers (5, 6) which are arranged spaced apart in the conveying direction (F) for the intermediate storage of the workpieces (2) to be conveyed, at least one first conveying rack (7) with a number of storage surfaces (8) which are spaced apart in a conveying direction (F) for the workpieces (2), at least two drive shafts (9, 10) which are arranged parallel to one another and are driven synchronously, and at least two first rocker arms (11, 12), wherein each first rocker arm (11, 12) is connected fixedly to a drive shaft (9, 10) so as to rotate with it and in an articulated manner to the fi

Abstract: A tracking apparatus and method for urging a mistracking conveyor belt back towards a correct travel path are provided. The apparatus and method both utilize downstream shifting of an end portion of an idler roller due to mistracking of the conveyor belt for directing or steering the belt back toward its correct travel path and a reaction force from the belt due to the steering thereof for energizing a tilting action of the idler roller to raise the downstream end portion thereof. In this manner, the tilting of the idler roller is not mechanically coupled to the downstream shifting of the roller end portion allowing the belt tracking apparatus herein to be bi-directional for use with conveyor belts that may be run in opposite travel directions.

Abstract: A conveyance tray and a conveyance system thereof are disclosed. The conveyance tray is used for the conveyance system to convey a test object. The test object has a depressed part. The conveyance tray includes a bottom plate and a fixed part. The bottom plate is used for carrying the test object. The fixed part is disposed on the bottom plate and used for fitting in with the depressed part to fix the test object.

Abstract: A positioning assembly is provided with an endless loop conveyor belt for transporting an object and a first and second roller (12) arranged inside the endless loop. A first mounting part connected to a first end of the first roller (12) and a second mounting part connected to a second end of the first roller (12) are independently movable in a length direction of the conveyor with respect to the frame (15). An actuator system is provided which includes a first lateral actuator (61) arranged to move at least a part of the first roller (12) in a direction parallel to the rotational axes (106) of the first roller (12). The first roller (12) is longitudinally divided into at least two longitudinal segments. The first lateral actuator (61) moves at least one of the longitudinal segments parallel to the rotational axis (106) of the first roller (12).

Abstract: Disclosed is a conveyor chain (100) in which a large number of chain links (110) on which components are loaded are linked at hinge sections by means of hinge pins (120) and in which a plurality of free rollers are provided protruding from both the front and rear surfaces of the chain links (110), wherein the plurality of free rollers are each rotationally held in roller holders to form roller units (130) and are formed so as to be attachable from the longitudinal direction in a unit attachment region of the chain links (110). By means of the aforementioned structure, it is possible to replace worn components by means of a simple operation and it is unnecessary to replace chain links (110) which have not become worn, costs are reduced, and it is simple to change the rotation direction of the free rollers.

Abstract: A conveying chain for a conveying means of a conveying device, comprising a plurality of chain links connected to each other. The chain links are connected to each other by means of articulated connections so as to each be pivotable about a first axis and about a second axis oriented perpendicular to the first axis in order to form the conveying chain. The conveying chain is constructed of identical chain links. The chain links each comprise a receptacle on a first end section and a coupling body on a second end section that engages in the receptacle of an adjacent chain link, wherein the receptacle and the coupling body are shaped in such a way that the receptacle and the coupling body can be connected to each other by means of an insertion-rotation motion in order to form the articulated connection.

Abstract: An appliance has an operating unit with an actuating element for triggering a pre-determined action. The actuating element is mechanically actuatable by force of a user. The actuating element is preferably a mechanically actuatable switch and/or key element. A touch-sensitive sensor is built into the actuating element, for detecting skin contact occurring as a result of the exertion of force for the mechanical actuation of the actuating element. The appliance is also embodied in such a way that, as a requirement for triggering the pre-determined actions, it is checked whether the actuating element is actuated and skin contact is detected by the touch-sensitive sensor. The appliance prevents defective actuations by associating touch-sensitive sensor technology with the mechanically actuatable actuating element. This ensures that mechanical actuation without skin contact does trigger the predetermined action.

Abstract: An RF MEMS capacitive switch aligns holes in one of its electrodes to dielectric posts to reduce trapped charge without affecting the capacitance ratio of the switch. When actuated, the electrode contacts the posts' one or more contact surfaces around the plurality of holes so that each hole overlaps at least a central portion of the post to which it is aligned. By selecting the hole size such that the top electrode appears to be approximately a continuous conductive sheet at the RF frequency, the alignment of the holes to the posts reduces the amount of trapped charge without lowering switch capacitance. In different embodiments, the post diameter may be smaller than the hole diameter so that the overlap is complete, in which case trapped charge is largely eliminated.

Abstract: A process of forming a through-silicon via (TSV) in a die includes forming a movable member in the TSV that can be actuated or that can be a sensor. Action of the movable member in the TSV can result in a logic word being sent from the TSV die to a subsequent die. The TSV die may be embedded in a substrate. The TSV die may also be coupled to a subsequent die.

Abstract: A keyboard device includes: a key top; a pair of link members coupled with the key top; and a support panel that is located below the key top, and includes first holes each housing a part of the link members.

Abstract: A switch has a housing and an actuating element retained on a travel path in the Housing. A restoring member (4) provides a restoring force urging the actuator to an off position at one end of the travel path. A resistance generator provides a resistance force. which opposes the restoring force when the actuator is in a fully actuated position to reduce the holding force require to keep the actuating element in the fully actuated position.

Abstract: An electrical switch includes a pivotally supported blade, a toggle mechanism, and an operating mechanism. The operating mechanism is drivable in a first direction to pivot the blade about a first axis and toward a closed blade position. When pivoting toward the closed blade position, the toggle mechanism inhibits the blade from pivoting about a second axis. Upon reaching the closed blade position, continued motion of the operating mechanism in the first direction causes the toggle mechanism to pivot the blade about the second axis toward a closed contact position. In the closed contact position, the blade contacts at least one blade contact to electrically connect the blade and a first electrical terminal.

Abstract: An object detection sensor includes a hollow insulator, a plurality of electrode wires, a terminal molded member, and a blocking member. The hollow insulator includes a longitudinal end. The electrode wires are arranged in the hollow insulator with the electrode wires spaced apart from each other. Each electrode wire includes a drawn-out portion that is drawn out of the hollow insulator from the longitudinal end of the hollow insulator. The terminal molded member is formed from an insulative terminal molding resin material. The drawn-out portions are embedded in the terminal molded member. The blocking member, which is arranged at the longitudinal end of the hollow insulator, blocks entrance of the terminal molding resin material into the hollow insulator.

Abstract: The invention relates to a switching device (10), in particular in a motor vehicle, having an adjustable touch-sensitive switching element (12) which is switchable by a touch pressure exerted in a direction (s) of actuation. The switching element (12) is adapted to assume a first initial position, in which the switching element (12) bears on an abutment (14) in the direction (s) of actuation. The switching element (12) is adapted to assume a second initial position, in which, compared with the first initial position, the switching element (12) is adjusted by a predeterminable travel (x1) contrary to the direction (s) of actuation.

Abstract: The invention describes a capacitive information carrier in which at least one electrically conductive touch structure is arranged on an electrically non-conductive substrate. The invention also comprises a system and method for acquiring information, consisting of a capacitive information carrier, a capacitive area sensor, a contact between the two elements and interaction which makes the touch structure of the information carrier evaluable for a data processing system connected to the area sensor and can trigger events associated with the information carrier.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process/system for the fractionation of bio-oil, produced from the thermo-catalytic conversion of biomass, into boiling point fractions. The fractionation of the bio-oil is performed using molecular distillation under conditions which minimize the thermal stress to the bio-oil and fractions obtained therefrom.

Abstract: A method of treating a polymerization reactor effluent stream comprising recovering the reactor effluent stream from the polymerization reactor, flashing the reactor effluent stream to form a flash gas stream, separating the flash gas stream into a first top stream, a first bottom stream, and a side stream, wherein the side stream substantially comprises hexane, separating the first top stream into a second top stream and a second bottom stream, wherein the second bottom stream substantially comprises isobutane, and separating the second top stream into a third top stream and a third bottom stream; wherein the third top stream substantially comprises ethylene, and wherein the third bottom stream is substantially free of olefins.

Abstract: A process for the rectification of mixtures of high-boiling air- and/or temperature-sensitive substances which require a high separation efficiency is proposed, in particular a process for the working-up of a VE- or VEA-containing product stream. The process includes a first purification stage to separate low-boiling products and unspecified isomers of the useful product from the product stream virtually without loss of useful product and a second purification stage for removing the useful product in a stream having a purity of >97% by weight and a further stream having a purity of >92% by weight.

Abstract: In accordance with one embodiment, a recovery unit for treating fractionated water produced by a hydraulic fracturing process is provided. The recovery unit comprises a feed strainer in fluid communication with at least one feed pump that is in fluid communication with at least one flash tank. The unit may also include at least one pre-heater in fluid communication with a condensate pot and vacuum pump, the at least one pre-heater receiving steam and the condensate pot and vacuum pump condensing the steam for transfer to at least one condensate water storage tank and removing any non-condensable gas to transfer fluid to at least one condensate storage tank. The recovery unit may include one or more flash tanks in fluid communication with separate salt settling tanks and transfer pumps for removing salt (crystals) from the brine fluid at various stages of the treatment process.

Abstract: The present invention extends to an electric actuator for operating an unheading valve of a coke drum. The electric actuator includes a driving element comprising a planetary roller screw for actuating the unheading valve. By using a planetary roller screw, rather than hydraulics for the driving element, the electric actuator of the present invention can be used in place of prior art hydraulic actuators while still providing sufficient power and reliability for use on unheading valves of a coke drum.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for separating ethylene glycol and 1,2-butanediol. A material flow containing ethylene glycol and 1,2-butanediol gets into the lower-middle part of the azeotropic rectification column C3 after the light components are removed by the separating columns C1 and C2, wherein the ethylene glycol and the azeotropic agent added from the top of the column form azeotrope which is distilled out from the top of the column and gets into the phase separator D1 after being condensed, the upper phase enriched with azeotropic agent after the phase was separated returns to the top of the column to continue to participate in azeotropy, and the lower phase enriched with ethylene glycol gets into the fourth separating column C4 to be refined to obtain the ethylene glycol product.

Abstract: Methods for purifying a halosilane-containing process stream are disclosed. In some embodiments, arsenic and phosphorous impurities are removed from halosilane-containing process streams by use of distillation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a dividing wall column for preparing high-purity 2-ethylhexyl-acrylate, and a method for distilling 2-ethylhexyl-acrylate. The dividing wall column of the present invention provides an effect having two distillation columns through one distillation column, thereby having an effect of reducing energy compared to the conventional processing device in preparing high-purity 2-ethylhexyl-acrylate and an effect of reducing equipment costs of the device.

Abstract: This invention proposes, among other things, systems and methods for providing ozone generators or plasma generators that generate an electric field in an electron generation chamber that is separate from a reaction chamber. An electron beam emitter in an electron generation chamber is configured to emit a beam of electrons and is separated from the reaction chamber by an electron permeable barrier that provides a window through which the beam of electrons passes. The electrons are accelerated to the required energy in the electron generation chamber and transmitted through the barrier to the reaction chamber, where an input gas source introduces an input gas into the reaction chamber. The input gas may react with the beam of electrons inside the reaction chamber to form an output gas comprising a plasma or a concentration of ozone, and the output gas passes from the reaction chamber to a wafer processing chamber.

Abstract: Systems and methods for the treatment of a gas are provided. A method includes providing multiple discharge chambers defined by dielectric sections, where each of the discharge chambers comprises sets of electrodes for producing electric fields in the discharge chambers, where the dielectric sections and the sets of electrodes are arranged to define a volume that inhibits the formation of volume-streamers and the discharge chambers are configured to either prevent pulsed electric fields generated in adjacent discharge chambers from substantially interacting or to allow interaction in constructive way. The method also includes directing the gas into the discharge chambers and treating the gas using a corona discharge in the discharge chambers produced by a pulsed electric field generated by each of the sets of the first and second electrodes in the discharge chambers, where the pulsed electric field is configured to produce the corona discharge to have surface-streamers and volume-streamers.

Abstract: A method of physical vapor deposition includes applying a radio frequency signal to a cathode in a physical vapor deposition apparatus, wherein the cathode includes a sputtering target, electrically connecting a chuck in the physical vapor deposition apparatus to an impedance matching network, wherein the chuck supports a substrate, and wherein the impedance matching network includes at least one capacitor, and depositing material from the sputtering target onto the substrate.