Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process for producing highly ordered nanopillar or nanohole structures, in particular on large areas, which can be used as masters in NIL, hot embossing or injection molding processes. The process involves decorating a surface with an ordered array of metal nanoparticles produced by means of a micellar block- copolymer nano-lithography process; etching the primary substrate to a depth of 50 to 500 nm, where the nanoparticles act as a mask and an ordered array of nanopillars or nanocones corresponding to the positions of the nanoparticles is thus produced; using the nanostructured master or stamp in a structuring processes. Also the finished nanostructured substrate surface can be used as a sacrificial master which is coated with a continuous metal layer and the master is then etched away to leave a metal stamp having an ordered array of nanoholes which is a negative of the original array of nanopillars or nanocones.

Abstract: A method for fabricating high-density masks for non-planar or three-dimensional substrates utilizes a mandrel having one or more precision forms machined therein. Once the mandrel with one or more forms is fabricated, one or more mask blanks may be constructed thereon. The final masks may be cut from one or more mask blanks.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a resin coating on copper foil includes following steps. Firstly, two diamines of 2,2-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]propane and 4,4?-oxydianiline, and two acid anhydrides of pyromellitic diandydride and oxydiphthalic anhydride are added into a polar aprotic solvent and the solvent is stirred to form a mixed solution. Secondly, the mixed solution is heated to a temperature of about 170° C.-190° C. to allow a cross-linking reaction to be completed between the two diamines and the two acid anhydrides, thereby forming a thermoplastic polyimide adhesive fluid. The thermoplastic polyimide adhesive fluid is coated on a copper foil and cured to form a thermoplastic polyimide adhesive layer on the copper foil, thereby obtaining a resin coated copper foil. This disclosure also relates to resin coated copper foil and a method for manufacturing a multi-layer circuit board.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a magnetic read sensor allows for the construction of a very narrow trackwidth sensor while avoiding problems related to mask liftoff and shadowing related process variations across a wafer. The process involves depositing a plurality of sensor layers and forming a first mask structure. The first mask structure has a relatively large opening that encompasses a sensor area and an area adjacent to the sensor area where a hard bias structure can be deposited. A second mask structure is formed over the first mask structure and includes a first portion that is configured to define a sensor dimension and a second portion that is over the first mask structure in the field area.

Abstract: Disclosed is an ejection device for an inkjet printer that includes an ejection chip having a substrate and at least one fluid ejecting element. The ejection device further includes a fluidic structure configured over the ejection chip. The fluidic structure includes a nozzle plate composed of an organic material and includes a plurality of nozzles. The fluidic structure further includes a flow feature layer configured in between the ejection chip and the nozzle plate. The flow feature layer is composed of an organic material and includes a plurality of flow features. Furthermore, the fluidic structure includes a liner layer encapsulating the nozzle plate. The liner layer further at least partially encapsulates each flow feature of the plurality of flow features. The liner layer is composed of an inorganic material. Further disclosed is a method for fabricating the ejection device.

Abstract: A method for making a heater is provided. A support and a flexible substrate are provided. The flexible substrate is fixed on a surface of the support. A carbon nanotube film is drawn from a carbon nanotube array. One end of the carbon nanotube film is attached on the flexible substrate. The carbon nanotube film is wrapped around the support by whirling the support to form a carbon nanotube layer. The carbon nanotube layer includes a plurality of carbon nanotubes aligned in a first direction. The flexible substrate is heated to a temperature of about 80° C. to about 120° C. The flexible substrate is then shrunk along the first direction. A plurality of electrodes are electrically connected with the carbon nanotube layer.

Abstract: Methods are provided for obtaining hollow nano-structures which include the steps of providing a suspended film starting layer on a support substrate, depositing on the starting layer a sacrificial layer, performing, in progressive sequence, a complete erosion phase of said support substrate and starting layer and performing an at least partial erosion phase of the sacrificial layer previously deposited on the starting layer so as to obtain holes passing through the starting layer and passing or non passing through the sacrificial layer, depositing, on the side of the support substrate opposite to that where the starting layer is put, at least one covering layer arranged to internally cover the holes created by the progressive erosion. Hollow nano-structures formed by such methods are also provided.

Abstract: Techniques for forming a three dimensional (3D) feature on a substrate are disclosed. In one exemplary embodiment, the technique may be realized as a method comprising: forming a resist structure on the substrate, the resist structure having a first resist portion with a first thickness, a second resist portion with a second thickness, and a third resist portion with a third thickness, where the first thickness may be less than the second thickness, and where the second thickness may be less than the third thickness; implanting charged particles into the substrate through the first and second resist portions and forming an implanted region in the substrate; and etching the substrate to form the 3D feature on the substrate.

Abstract: A patterning process which uses self-assembly, wherein the patterning process includes: forming a silicon-containing film by applying a silicon-containing film composition having an organic substituent group substituted with an acid labile group onto a substrate to be processed, pattern-exposing of the silicon-containing film, forming a polymer film by applying a self-assembling polymer onto the silicon-containing film, self-assembling the polymer film to form a microdomain structure, forming a pattern on the polymer film, transferring the pattern to the silicon-containing film by using the pattern formed on the polymer as a mask, and transferring the pattern to the substrate to be processed by using the pattern transferred to the silicon-containing film as a mask. There can be provided a pattern having a microdomain structure formed by self-assembly with excellent uniformity and regularity, the pattern having been difficult to be obtained by a conventional self-assembly polymer.

Abstract: A patterning process which uses self-assembly, including: forming a silicon-containing film by applying a silicon-containing film composition having an organic substituent group substituted with an acid labile group onto a substrate to be processed, forming a photoresist film onto the silicon-containing film, pattern-exposing of the photoresist film, removing the photoresist film, forming a polymer film by applying a self-assembling polymer onto the silicon-containing film, self-assembling the polymer film to form a microdomain structure, forming a pattern of the polymer film having the microdomain formed, transferring the pattern to the silicon-containing film by using the pattern formed on the polymer as a mask, and transferring the pattern to the substrate to be processed by using the pattern transferred to the silicon-containing film as a mask. There can be provided a pattern having a microdomain structure formed by self-assembly with uniformity and regularity.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to method and apparatus for providing processing gases to a process chamber with improved uniformity. One embodiment of the present invention provides a gas injection assembly. The gas injection assembly includes an inlet hub, a nozzle having a plurality of injection passages disposed against the inlet hub, and a distribution insert disposed between the nozzle and the inlet hub. The distribution insert has one or more gas distribution passages configured to connect the inlet hub to the plurality of the injection passages the nozzle. Each of the one or more gas distribution passages has one inlet connecting with a plurality of outlets, and distances between the inlet and each of the plurality of outlets are substantially equal.

Abstract: [Object] To provide a method of manufacturing a dielectric device and an ashing method that are capable of suppressing the occurrence of resist residue. [Solving Means] In the ashing method, a base material having a surface etched by a plasma of chlorine gas or fluorocarbon gas via a resist mask (6) formed of an organic material is disposed in a chamber, bombardment treatment is performed on the resist mask (6) by using oxygen ions in the chamber, and the resist mask is removed by using oxygen radicals in the chamber. According to the ashing method described above, etching reactants adhering to the surface of the resist mask are physically removed by the bombardment treatment using oxygen ions. Thus, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of resist residue due to the etching reactants and efficiently remove the resist mask from the surface of the base material.

Abstract: A circuit breaker includes a fixed contact having a fixed contact point; a movable contact having a movable contact point contacting with the fixed contact point; and an arc extinguishing device housed in a main body case. In the arc extinguishing device, a plurality of magnetic grids, each having a pair of grid leg portions, is disposed in layer form, and an arc generated between the fixed contact point and the movable contact point at a time of an opening operation is drawn into the magnetic grids and extinguished. A magnetic flux is generated between the pairs of grid leg portions configuring the arc extinguishing device in a direction perpendicular to the arc generated between the fixed contact point and the movable contact point, and permanent magnets and a permanent magnet holding member are disposed therein.

Abstract: A mechanical-puffer-type arc-extinguishing chamber includes a fixed main contact, a movable main contact that moves on an opening-and-closing axis in a connectable and disconnectable manner to and from the fixed main contact, and a mechanical puffer chamber that is provided in the movable main contact and blows compressed insulation gas to an arc. A thermal-puffer-type arc-extinguishing chamber includes a fixed contact, a movable contact that moves on the opening-and-closing axis in a connectable and disconnectable manner to and from the fixed contact, and a thermal puffer chamber in which compressed insulation gas is blown to the arc. The mechanical-puffer-type arc-extinguishing chamber and the thermal-puffer-type arc-extinguishing chamber are arranged in series on the opening-and-closing axis, and two breaking portions are electrically connected in series.

Abstract: A vacuum interrupter arrangement for a circuit breaker includes a first cylindrical shaped vacuum insert within which a pair of corresponding electrical contacts is coaxially arranged. The electrical contacts include a fixed electrical contact which is attached to the first vacuum insert and an axially movable electrical contact which is operated by a pushrod. A second cylindrical shaped vacuum insert is coaxially arranged to the first cylindrical shaped vacuum insert. Both vacuum inserts are coaxially surrounded by an outer vacuum container in order to form a double contact gap version.

Abstract: An improved method for executing a flash butt weld to join first and second rail segments includes applying a voltage to the first rail segment and the second rail segment to establish a voltage difference between the first and second rail segments. The rail end faces are brought into contact, resulting in an electrical current between the first rail end face and the second rail end face, resistively heating material at the interface. As material burns off at the interface, the power consumed at the rail end interface as a function of rail displacement is periodically sampled. If the comparison indicates that the power per unit of rail displacement is not increasing from sample to sample, the burn-off process is terminated. In a further aspect, if the power per unit of rail displacement exceeds a predetermined threshold, the burn-off process is terminated.

Abstract: A rail repair method enables repair of rails and rail-like structures. A rail defect is initially identified and removed as contained within a volumetric material portion so as to form a contoured void while maintaining continuity of the rail opposite the void. A pre-formed insert is then placed into the void thereby effecting a rail-to-insert interface. Current is driven through the interface as force directs the insert against the rail. Resistance heat and pressure weld the insert to the rail. The flash welding aspects remove oxides and other impurities from the interface, and the forge welding aspects create a robust solid state weld. Excess material, whether flash, rail, or insert-based, is removed during the finishing processes to provide a virtually seamless rail repair. The solid state weld repair methodology may be used to repair any number of targeted metallic rail-like structures.

Abstract: An apparatus for mounting and removing a component includes: a light source configured to radiate light toward a component supported by solder; a light sensor configured to sense displacement of the component; and a member mounted on the component, the member including a hole in a portion to be irradiated with the light of the light source.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a laser processing apparatus for irradiating a printed wiring board 9 with a laser beam L so as to form holes 22 at a plurality of predetermined positions on the printed wiring board 9. The device includes, from upstream on an optical path of the laser beam: a second fly eye lens 6 that achieves the uniform intensity distribution of the laser beam L; a second condenser lens 7 that collimates the laser beam L emitted from the second fly eye lens 6; and a micro lens array 8 positioned in a manner facing the printed wiring board 9 and having a plurality of micro lenses 19 formed in a manner corresponding to the plurality of positions on the printed wiring board 9.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention generally relate to an electrostatic chuck having reduced power loss, and methods and apparatus for reducing power loss in an electrostatic chuck, as well as methods for testing and manufacture thereof. In one embodiment, an electrostatic chuck is provided. The electrostatic chuck includes a conductive base, and a ceramic body disposed on the conductive base, the ceramic body comprising an electrode and one or more heating elements embedded therein, wherein the ceramic body comprises a dissipation factor of about 0.11 to about 0.16 and a capacitance of about 750 picoFarads to about 950 picoFarads between the electrode and the one or more heating elements.

Abstract: A system for narrowing the spectral output of diode lasers through the use of dielectric stacks in the laser cavity comprising an alternating sequence of layers of dielectric material and air, which dielectric stacks are fabricated through the controlled laser ablation of the dielectric material.

Abstract: A fast-speed laser scoring method is provided, in which a set of related laser scoring device is used to simultaneously score lines on the upper surface and the lower surface of an oriented silicon steel strip, which is being fed and traveling forwards on a production line, with high-focalized continuous wave laser beam; the lines scored on the upper surface and the lines scored on the lower surface have the same space between every two adjacent scored lines but are staggered each other in order to reduce iron loss evenly. The space between every two adjacent scored lines on the same surface is 6-12 mm, laser power is 1000-3000 W and scanning speed is 100-400 m/min. The machining rate of the scoring method and device attains 1.5-2 times the one of conventional scoring methods which can not simultaneously score the upper and lower surfaces of a steel strip at a time. The lines scored on a steel strip by the method can reduce iron loss of the strip by 10-16%.

Abstract: An arc welding automat for maintaining or repairing rails and switch gears includes a frame, a welding device including a torch for welding an area of a rail, the frame being provided with at least two elements for the support on a rail or a switch gear, these two elements and the torch being substantially aligned, the torch including an element of displacement on at least two horizontal axes. The automat includes an element for performing steps of:—storing, in a reference system having at least two dimensions, space coordinates of points forming at least two polygons defining at least two distinct working surfaces inside an area to be welded;—implementing a welding program including moving the torch with respect to the frame, so as to intervene successively on all the distinct working surfaces. Also disclosed is a welding method for maintaining or repairing rails and switch gears.

Abstract: Provided are a flux cored arc welding wire able to improve low-temperature toughness of a weld joint and a weld joint using the same, in which the flux cored arc welding wire includes 0.01 wt % to 0.1 wt % of carbon (C), 0.3 wt % to 1.4 wt % of silicon (Si), 1.0 wt % to 3.0 wt % of manganese (Mn), 4.0 wt % to 7.5 wt % of titanium (Ti)+TiO, 0.01 wt % to 3.0 wt % of nickel (Ni), 0.01 wt % to 0.2 wt % of boron (B), 0.02 wt % to 0.42 wt % of yttrium (Y) or 0.02 wt % to 0.56 wt % of a rare earth metal (REM), and iron (Fe) as well as other unavoidable impurities as a remainder.

Abstract: A heater includes: a resistor having a heat-generating portion; a lead joined to an end portion of the resistor; and an insulating base body covering the resistor and the lead, the lead being made to have a portion whose profile is narrowed toward a distal end on a heat-generating portion side of the lead, a joining portion of the resistor and the lead being a region where the resistor is spaced apart from the insulating base body through the lead as viewed in cross section perpendicular to an axial direction of the lead.

Abstract: A heating system includes first and second heating devices, a temperature sensor, a first controller and a second controller. The first and second heating devices are respectively arranged above a crucible and around the crucible for heating semiconductor material in the crucible. The temperature sensor is configured to detect the temperature of the first heating device and to generate a temperature signal. The first controller is configured to control operation of the first heating device so as to adjust the temperature thereof based on the temperature signal. The second controller is coupled to the second heating device and is configured to control operation of the second heating device so as to adjust the temperature thereof, based on an external control signal.

Abstract: A control panel for controlling the operation of hotplates situated on a cooking appliance. The control panel has a translucent plate that permits the location of operating elements to be visually displayed on a top surface thereof only when lighting elements associated with the operating elements are energized. The lighting elements are selectively energized and/or de-energized so that only the operating elements of a particular hotplate are visible on the top surface of the translucent plate while a user is in the process of selecting or otherwise altering an operating parameter of the particular hot plate.

Abstract: An axial resistance sheathed heater is presented. The axial resistance sheathed heater includes a retaining sheath having a first end and a second end and a resistance wire completely disposed within the retaining sheath. The heater further includes a first conductor rod partially disposed within the retaining sheath and extending beyond the first end of the retaining sheath, the first conductor rod in direct electrical communication and direct mechanical communication with the resistance wire; and a second conductor rod partially disposed within said retaining sheath and extending beyond the second end of the retaining sheath, the second conductor rod in direct electrical communication and direct mechanical communication with the resistance wire. The resistance wire, the first conductor rod and the second conductor rod comprise a circuit achieving a power to voltage rating of about 5000:24.

Abstract: A heating pad includes a heating element, a number of first electrodes and a plurality of second electrodes. The heating element includes a flexible substrate and a carbon nanotube layer fixed on the flexible substrate. The heating element has a first end and a second end opposite to the first end. The first end is cut into a number of first strip structures. The second end is cut into a number of second strip structures. Each of the first electrodes clamps one of the first strip structures and is electrically connected with the first strip structure. Each of the second electrodes clamps one of the second strip structures and is electrically connected with the second strip structure.

Abstract: There is disclosed a honeycomb structure including: a tubular honeycomb structure part having porous partition walls and an outer peripheral wall; and a pair of electrode parts arranged on a side surface of the honeycomb structure part, an electrical resistivity of the honeycomb structure part is from 1 to 200 ?cm, each of the pair of electrode parts is formed into a band-like shape, the one electrode part is disposed opposite to the other electrode part via the center of the honeycomb structure part, and a distance from one end portion in the extending direction of the cells to an end portion of the electrode part which faces the one end portion of the honeycomb structure part in the extending direction of the cells is from 1 to 10% of a length of the honeycomb structure part in the extending direction of the cells.

Abstract: There is disclosed a honeycomb structure including: a tubular honeycomb structure part having porous partition walls with which a plurality of cells are formed, and an outer peripheral wall; and a pair of electrode parts arranged on a side surface of the honeycomb structure part, an electrical resistivity of the honeycomb structure part is from 1 to 200 ?cm, each of the pair of electrode parts is formed into a band-like shape extending in a direction in which the cells extend, in a cross section perpendicular to the extending direction of the cells, the one electrode part is disposed opposite to the other electrode part via the center of the honeycomb structure part, and a total of heat capacities of the pair of electrode parts is from 2 to 150% of a heat capacity of the whole outer peripheral wall.

Abstract: Methods and substrate processing systems are provided for controlling substrate heating efficiency and generating a desired temperature profile on the surface of a substrate when the substrate is disposed on a substrate support surface of a substrate support assembly. The substrate support assembly is provided with minimum software control and hardware requirement and includes a heating element comprised of multiple heating elements sections. The heating element is connected to a power source for adjusting the temperature outputs of the multiple heating element sections and providing adjustable multi-heating zones and desired temperature distribution over the substrate support surface of the substrate support assembly within a process chamber.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an induction cooking hob (10) including a number of heating zones (12, 14, 16, 18). Each heating zone (12, 14, 16, 18) comprises or corresponds with at least one induction coil. Each induction coil is connected to a generator. Two or more heating zones (12, 14, 16, 18) are linked or can be linked into a cooking area by a user. The linked heating zones (12, 14, 16, 18) are controlled by a common power setting. An operator interface is provided for operating the heating zones (12, 14, 16, 18). A control unit is provided for controlling the heating zones (12, 14, 16, 18). The operator interface includes actuating elements corresponding with predetermined links (20) between the heating zones (12, 14, 16, 18). The control unit is provided for synchronizing the generators of the linked heating zones (12, 14, 16, 18) by one common controller.

Abstract: An induction heating system (46) for use in cooking with a positive feedback mechanism (54, 56) by means of which the power applied to a cooking utensil (52) can be varied in a wide range by changing its position above an induction coil (10), and by means of which the circuitry (54) is automatically protected against overheating.

Abstract: In some embodiments an apparatus for treating an exhaust gas in a foreline of a substrate processing system may include a dielectric tube configured to be coupled to the foreline of the substrate processing system to allow a flow of exhaust gases from the foreline through the dielectric tube; an RF coil wound about an outer surface of the dielectric tube, the RF coil having a first end to provide an RF input to the RF coil, the first end of the RF coil disposed proximate a first end of the dielectric tube and a second end disposed proximate a second end of the dielectric tube; a tap coupled to the RF coil to provide an RF return path, the tap disposed between the first end of the dielectric tube and a central portion of the dielectric tube.

Abstract: A method of heating and/or thawing using an RF heater is described. In some cases the heating differentially heats portions according to their dissipation ratios. Optionally, this avoids dissipating large amounts of energy into thawed portions while frozen portions are still extant and heat slowly. Optionally, this prevents overheating of thawed potions.

Abstract: A meal kit for microwave cooking of a multi-component food product is provided that includes at least two sealed packages of ingredients for the multi-component food product. One of the sealed packages of ingredients contains a liquid component of the multi-component food product. The meal kit also includes a cooking tray formed of a microwave-safe material having a bottom wall with an upstanding sidewall extending around the periphery thereof to define an interior of the cooking tray. Outer packaging is provided to contain the sealed packages of ingredients and the cooking tray.

Abstract: Methods of and device for retaining a moisture level of a food heated/reheated in a microwave oven are provided. The device includes a microwave splatter cover, a lid, or a lunch box integrated with a steam generator. The device is able to contain a steam generator capable of generating steam from added water when a microwave radiation is provided. The steam generator is able to rotatably couple with the center of the microwave cover. Water added to the cover is able to be temporary stored on the cover and subsequently flow to a dish structure underneath the cover. Alternatively, water is able to be added directly through a hole on the cover to the dish structure.

Abstract: Provided herein is a cooking apparatus. The cooking apparatus includes a plate forming a cavity, a microwave transmission line to transmit microwaves to the inside of the cavity, and a first metal part connected to one end of the microwave transmission line and extended in one direction so as to be parallel with the plate. Thereby, an antenna having improved efficiency is provided.

Abstract: A self-contained container for storing and transporting particulate material is provided, the container including a frame, a storage cavity defined by opposing front and back walls, opposing side walls, a top wall, and a floor, each of the front and back walls, side walls, top wall and floor connected to the frame, at least one loading port in the top wall, and at least one discharge region including at least one discharge port and one sloped wall configured for removing material from the container. The discharge region and discharge port being positioned within the frame.

Abstract: The subject innovation relates to a container for transporting a vehicle, the container being of substantially cuboid construction with a first and a second end face, two longitudinal sides, a bottom and a top. The problem addressed by the subject innovation is that of producing a container for transporting vehicles which is suitable for transport by air or sea freight and by land, and which requires a minimized amount of space when transported empty. The vehicle should be protected from the sight of unauthorized persons and not have to be unloaded from the container even when transported in a mixed manner by land, sea and/or air. To that end, according to the subject innovation, a container is proposed, the bottom having a base element opposite which a cowl containing the second end face, the two longitudinal sides and the top can be displaced.

Abstract: A collapsible, protective apparatus for protecting an object against weather related influences and comprises an element having a plurality of interconnected segments, including at least one rear wall segment, a roof segment, a first side wall segment and a second side wall segment, wherein the segments are connected to one another via at least three bendable transition regions, wherein the transition regions are located between the roof segment and the rear wall segment and between the first side wall segment and the rear wall segment and between the second side wall segment and the rear wall segment, and wherein the individual segments can be formed from a planar, spread mode with the assistance of the transition regions into a three-dimensional structure.

Abstract: A vehicle tank and/or fill pipe for the vehicle tank, the vehicle tank and/or the fill pipe including a flexible part having an auxetic structure and/or a flexible part including helicoidal corrugations.

Abstract: A folding container including a base portion, first and second lower side wall portions, and first and second upper side wall portions having a hinge connection to the lower side wall portions. The folding container including locking tabs in the base portion for engaging notches in the lower side wall portions when the container is in a folded configuration.

Abstract: A folding storage device includes a storage box, a vacuum storage bag and a bottom plate. The storage box includes a box body made of soft sheets and frames disposed inside the sides of the box body. The box body can be folded and expanded. The vacuum storage bag has an air valve. After articles are placed into the vacuum storage bag, the vacuum storage bag can be compressed through the air valve and then placed into the storage box. The bottom plate can be twisted and folded and is placed at the bottom of the vacuum storage bag to increase the space of the vacuum bag for the articles to be placed into the bag with ease.

Abstract: A system includes a first container having a wall defining a receptacle, a neck defining an opening, and a flip cap disposed over the opening, and a second container having a wall defining a receptacle, a neck defining an opening, and a flip cap disposed over the opening. The system also includes a carrier having first and second carrier pieces disposed about the first and second containers and attached together with the first and second containers secured therebetween. The system further includes a top cap attached to the flip caps to secure the first and second containers together and to simultaneously remove the flip caps from the containers.

Abstract: A housing includes a plastic substrate, an active layer formed on the plastic substrate, and an exterior layer formed on the active layer. The active layer contains polysiloxane and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide. The exterior layer contains silicon dioxide or titanium dioxide, and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide.

Abstract: A device has a layered structure, and the layered structure has a graphite foil bonded to a surface of a substrate, wherein the graphite foil contains a laminate of a plurality of natural graphite flakes parallel to the surface of the substrate, wherein the graphite foil and the surface of the substrate are bonded through diffusion bonding directly, or bonded with a cured resin, a cured pitch, a carbonized resin, a carbonized pitch, a graphitized resin or a graphitized pitch in between, wherein the graphite foil contains not less than 95%, preferably 99%, of carbon.

Abstract: A sheet material for use in packaging having at least a first layer and at lease a second layer, wherein the first layer and the second layer are bonded together to fabricate the sheet material such that an area between the first layer and the second layer is unbonded so as to create a passageway having at least one opening on a first side of the sheet material and at least one opening on a second side of the sheet material, the passageway being a one-way valve integrally formed by bonding together the first and second layers to form the sheet material.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and systems for a vented storage container that includes a container that has an upper mouth-defining structure, a base, and a plurality of walls extending from the base, forming a cavity therein. The lid is fixable to the upper mouth-defining structure, wherein the lid has a top surface and a bottom surface, and at least one hole formed within the lid. A valve is engaged to the lid and covering the at least one hole.