Abstract: A color ink printing system, includes a plurality of print head cartridges, each extending across a direction of print media propagation and spaced apart along the direction of print media propagation; a print head chassis for supporting the plurality of print head cartridges, the print head chassis actuable between a printing position, a transition position, and a maintenance position; a maintenance chassis for supporting a plurality of maintenance cradles, the maintenance chassis actuable between a storage position and an operational position; and a platen on which the print media is supported and propagated. Each of the plurality of print head cartridges is held stationary with respect to a platen on which print media is propagated to effect printing on the print media. Each of the plurality of print head cartridges is a monochrome print head cartridge ejecting a fluid different to the remaining plurality of print head cartridges.

Abstract: An inkjet printer is provided. The inkjet printer includes: an inkjet head which ejects ink toward a surface of a recording medium; a platen provided opposed to the inkjet head to support the recording medium from an opposite side of the inkjet head; and an absorber provided opposed to the inkjet head at the same side as the platen with respect to the recording medium supported by the platen. The absorber includes a plurality of regions different in absorption rate from one another in a plan view observed from a normal direction of the recording medium supported by the platen.

Abstract: A micro-fluid ejection head has multiple ejection chips joined adjacently to create a lengthy array across a media to-be-imaged. The chips have fluid firing elements arranged adjacently along corresponding ones of fluid vias skewed variously or not to enable seamless stitching of printed images from the adjacent firing elements. The firing elements are energized to eject fluid and individual ones are spaced according to colors or fluid types. Overlapping firing elements serve redundancy efforts during imaging for reliable print quality. Variable chips sizes and shapes, including chevrons, are disclosed as are relationships between differently colored fluid vias. Skew angles range variously each with noted advantages. Bond pads and overlying encapsulation materials are still other features as are metallization lines for distributing power to ones of firing elements. Singulating chips from larger wafers provide still further embodiments as does increased usage of the wafer.

Abstract: A recording head includes flange portions to which spacers are anchored on both sides of the recording head with a head case therebetween. Spacer attachment holes are provided in the flange portions in the center of the width direction orthogonal to a nozzle row in the recording head, and a round hole and an oblong hole relative to the spacers are provided in the flange portions in positions that are distanced from a center line in the width direction. Positioning holes for the flange portions are provided in the spacers in positions that correspond to the round hole and the oblong hole in the flange portions, and the spacers are anchored to the flange portions on both sides so as to be oriented symmetrically to each other, in a positioned state in which the positions of the positioning holes are aligned with the round hole and the oblong hole.

Abstract: A liquid ejection head, comprises a pressure generation chamber communicating with a nozzle opening and a piezoelectric element having a piezoelectric layer and an electrodes. The piezoelectric layer is a perovskite type complex oxide containing bismuth, iron, and cerium. The piezoelectric layer contains the cerium in a proportion of 0.01 molar ratio or more and 0.13 molar ratio or lower based on the total amount of the bismuth and the cerium.

Abstract: Pressure applying sections applying a pressure to ink in pressure chambers are arranged in a staggered array in a sheet feed direction to form a row. Four of such rows of the pressure applying sections are aligned in the scanning direction. One part of inspecting sections among plural inspecting sections detecting resonance frequencies are arranged respectively at positions deviating from both end parts and an approximately center part, in the sheet feed direction, of each row of the pressure applying sections toward both sides in the scanning direction, and are aligned in the sheet feed direction. The other inspecting sections are arranged on both sides, in the sheet feed direction, of the rows of the pressure applying sections, and are aligned in the scanning direction. Further, plural dummy electrodes are aligned with the one part of inspecting sections, the inspection electrodes, and the pads in the sheet feed direction.

Abstract: A liquid-ejecting head includes a pressure-generating chamber that communicates with a nozzle opening and a piezoelectric element. The piezoelectric element includes a first electrode; a piezoelectric body layer formed on the first electrode; and a second electrode formed on the piezoelectric body layer on a side opposite the first electrode. In the liquid-ejecting head, the piezoelectric body layer has a perovskite structure and an insulating property, and an A-site and an oxygen site of the perovskite structure respectively include a vacancy formed by losing an A-site metal and a vacancy formed by losing an oxygen atom, each of the vacancies including a hydrogen atom.

Abstract: A cartridge includes a main body having a chamber formed therein for receiving an imaging material, a circuit board having a first opening and a second opening formed through the circuit board, and an electrode disposed on the circuit board. The main body includes a support surface that supports the circuit board; a first protrusion and a second protrusion protruding from the support surface, such that a portion of the first protrusion is disposed in the first opening of the circuit board and a portion of the second protrusion is disposed in the second opening of the circuit board, and a third protrusion protruding from the support surface. A portion of the third protrusion contacts a first surface of the circuit board facing away from the support surface. A method for manufacturing the cartridge.

Abstract: A cartridge includes a main body with a chamber formed therein that receives an imaging material, a circuit board having at least one opening formed through the circuit board; and an electrode disposed on the circuit board. The main body includes a support surface that supports the circuit board, a first protrusion protruding from the support surface and that contacting a first surface of the circuit board. The first surface of the circuit board extends in a direction perpendicular to the support surface. The main body also includes a second protrusion protruding from the support surface and disposed in the at least one opening. The second protrusion includes an end portion that covers a portion of the circuit board. In addition, a method for manufacturing the cartridge.

Abstract: An assembly method of a liquid discharge head is provided. The liquid discharge head includes an element substrate, an electrode portion, a flexible wiring member which has the element substrate at one end and the electrode portion at another end, and includes a plurality of bent portions, wherein, each edge line of at least two bent portions are not parallel and a housing. The assembly method includes a step for providing the flexible wiring member and the housing in which the element substrate is fixed on a first surface of the housing, a step for fixing the flexible wiring member on a second surface of the housing while holding the electrode portion at a position on a third surface of the housing where the electrode portion to be fixed, and a step for fixing the electrode portion to the position.

Abstract: A fluid droplet ejection apparatus includes a printhead having a fluid supply and a fluid return. A substrate is attached to the printhead, and the substrate includes a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet on a surface of the substrate proximate to the fluid supply and fluid return. Nozzles are in fluid communication with the fluid inlet. The fluid inlet of the substrate is in fluid communication with the fluid supply, and the fluid outlet is in fluid communication with the fluid return. A first circulation path through the substrate is between the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet. The fluid supply is in fluid communication with the fluid return through a second circulation path that is through the printhead and not through the substrate.

Abstract: A recording apparatus has: a recording head having a liquid chamber and nozzles; a tank that stores the liquid which is supplied to the recording head; a liquid supply path that supplies the liquid from the tank to the liquid chamber; a supply pump provided on the liquid supply path; a liquid return path that returns the liquid from the liquid chamber to the tank; a return pump provided on the liquid return path; and a control unit that controls the supply pump and the return pump, wherein when the liquid is initially filled into the liquid chamber, the control unit drives the return pump so as to set the liquid chamber into a negative pressure state and subsequently drives the supply pump. The recording apparatus which can fill the liquid at a high speed without raising a pressure of a flow path can be provided.

Abstract: Systems and methods of automatically bleeding air from a primary ink delivery system, so little or no air is mixed with the ink once it reaches a secondary ink system containing print heads. An air bleeder return assembly with a flow restrictor orifice that is configured to remove air from ink pumped to the carriage of print heads, thereby minimizing jet dropouts. Additionally, this setup provides the added advantage of the ability to run the bulk bags dry without ingesting large quantities of air to the ink delivery system.

Abstract: A printer reduces the amount of ink wastefully consumed by purging bubbles from the ink supply path. The printer has a bubble collection unit 35 that holds bubbles in the ink supply path 21 and has at least two ink paths, a first channel 26 and second channel 27, formed in the ink supply path 21 through which ink flows to the nozzles that eject ink droplets. A bubble detection unit 37 detects if the amount of bubbles in the bubble collection unit 35 has reached a specific level. A bubble discharge unit 41 discharges bubbles from the bubble collection unit 35 based on the detection result from the bubble detection unit 37. When the bubble detection unit 37 discharge bubbles from the bubble collection unit 35, ink flows through both the first path and the second path. When printing on a print medium, ink only flows through the first path.

Abstract: A phase change ink composition including a wax; an optional dispersant; an optional synergist; and a naturally-derived colorant wherein the naturally-derived colorant is a colorant derived from a plant, a colorant derived from an insect, or a mixture or combination thereof.

Abstract: An ink jet recording method includes making a record on a recording medium having micropores using an ink composition containing a glitter pigment. The glitter pigment has an average particle diameter in the range of 1 nm to 100 nm, inclusive, and the recording medium has an average micropore diameter in the range of 3 nm to 200 nm, inclusive.

Abstract: Provided is an ink jet ink including a monoazo pigment and a resin, the ink being used for an ink jet recording system in which the ink is ejected from a recording head by an action of thermal energy. The monoazo pigment is a self-dispersible pigment having an anionic group bonded to a particle surface of the pigment directly or via another atomic group and has a surface charge amount of 5.9×10?2 mmol/g or more and 9.8×10?2 mmol/g or less. The resin has an acid value of 100 mg KOH/g or more and 160 mg KOH/g or less. The mass ratio of the content (mass %) of the resin to the content (mass %) of the monoazo pigment in the ink is 0.05 times or more and 0.25 times or less.

Abstract: A recording apparatus includes: a recording head that ejects liquid onto a recording medium; a transporting device that transports the recording medium along a supporting surface; and a preheating device that preheats the recording medium to the upstream side of the recording head in a transporting direction of the recording medium, in which the preheating device includes a preheating unit that increases the amount of heat per unit time which is applied to the recording medium, as the recording medium is moved toward the downstream side in the transporting direction.

Abstract: An electromagnetic wave irradiation device includes an irradiator which irradiates electromagnetic waves onto a liquid droplet which has been adhered to a recording medium, an irradiation controller which causes the irradiator to irradiate the electromagnetic waves periodically such that a frequency of an irradiation period in which the electromagnetic waves are irradiated is a predetermined frequency, and a time setting unit which sets a time ratio obtained by dividing a length of an irradiation time by the irradiator in the irradiation period by a length of a termination time during which the electromagnetic waves are not irradiated by the irradiator in the irradiation period to be a value of greater than or equal to 0.2 and less than or equal to 2.

Abstract: An evaluation method for evaluating a pigment ink for ink-jet recording used together with a dye ink and containing a pigment and water includes an aggregation property evaluation method for the pigment in which 10 parts by weight of an aqueous sodium chloride solution is added to 100 parts by weight of the pigment ink; the evaluation method including first aggregation property evaluation adding an X wt % aqueous sodium chloride solution; and second aggregation property evaluation adding a Y wt % aqueous sodium chloride solution; wherein concentrations of the aqueous sodium chloride solutions are set to fulfill the following condition in the first and second aggregation property evaluations: 1.0?X<Y?2.5. The optical density of a printed matter and the dispersion stability of the pigment when the pigment ink is brought in contact with the dye ink can be easily evaluated before the printing.

Abstract: A hand-held labeler/printer for printing and applying labels is described. The labeler/printer has a keyboard, a display, a scanner, and a battery-containing handle. The labeler/printer is user-friendly and compact. The labeler/printer can be easily loaded with label and webs of different widths. The labeler/printer has a discharge area along its front for the carrier web. Also described are various charging cradles and controllers for the labeler/printers.

Abstract: A hand-held labeler/printer for printing and applying labels is described. The labeler/printer has a keyboard, a display, a scanner, and a battery-containing handle. The labeler/printer is user-friendly and compact. The labeler/printer can be easily loaded with label and webs of different widths. The labeler/printer has a discharge area along its front for the carrier web. Also described are various charging cradles and controllers for the labeler/printers.

Abstract: A hand-held labeler/printer for printing and applying labels is described. The labeler/printer has a keyboard, a display, a scanner, and a battery-containing handle. The labeler/printer is user-friendly and compact. The labeler/printer can be easily loaded with label and webs of different widths. The labeler/printer has a discharge area along its front for the carrier web. Also described are various charging cradles and controllers for the labeler/printers.

Abstract: Provided is a hybrid laser ophthalmoscope comprising a laser light source, a LED light source, and a holographic diffuser, wherein the holographic diffuser is configured to shape a beam of light into a Maxwellian ring.

Abstract: Measurement of the optical point spread function through a double-pass technique is enhanced by using adaptive optics to form a tiny spot of light on the retina.

Abstract: An area projection system for reproducing a visual signal on a surface, comprising a light source, a fiber element comprising a plurality of light guide elements, a carrier element and imaging optics, wherein the fiber element comprises a first end and a second end, wherein the first end of the fiber element is arranged on the light source and the second end of the fiber element is arranged on the carrier element, wherein the imaging optics are arranged on the second end of the fiber element, wherein the area projection system is adapted to transmit a visual signal from the light source to the fiber element and subsequently to the imaging optics, and wherein the imaging optics are adapted to reproduce the visual signal on a surface.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method and apparatus for a projection system using a solid-state light source and a color wheel. A set of primary light sources (such as RGB light source) with a light source controller is utilized to replace the UHP lamp. The color wheel has multiple color filter segments that are sequentially disposed on the path of the light when the wheel rotates. Based on a sync signal received from the rotating color wheel, the light source controller sequentially turns the primary light sources on and off in accordance with the sequence of the color filter segments of the color wheel. During each of the spoke periods, to generate a varying mixture of the two color lights, at least two primary color light sources are turned on simultaneously.

Abstract: An illumination device includes: a first light source; a first beam spread angle changing element; an integrator; and a first small-amplitude oscillation element, in which the integrator is configured of a first fly-eye lens and a second fly-eye lens, optical magnification of an optical system configured of the first beam spread angle changing element and the first and second fly-eye lenses, and a shape of the first small-amplitude oscillation element are determined to allow a size of each light source image formed on the second fly-eye lens by each cell of the first fly-eye lens not to exceed a size of one cell of the second fly-eye lens, an amount of displacement of each light source image by oscillation amplitude of the first small-amplitude oscillation element is determined not to form the light source image over a plurality of cells of the second fly-eye lens.

Abstract: A projector includes: a housing; an optical element accommodated in the housing; and an air supply unit configured to generate a flow of cooling air for cooling a cooling target element including the optical element, a dustproof area into which the cooling air can be introduced from the outside of the housing via a dustproof filter is formed inside the housing, the optical element is accommodated in the dustproof area of the housing, and the air supply unit includes a first air supply unit configured to introduce the cooling air from the outside of the housing to the dustproof area via the dustproof filter, and a second air supply unit accommodated in the dustproof area and configured to supply the cooling air introduced to the dustproof area by the first air supply unit toward the optical element.

Abstract: A fluorescent wheel comprising a base with a reflective surface and a flat bottom surface, and a fluorescent layer disposed on the reflective surface of the base such that the reflective surface of the base directs, outward from the wheel, fluorescence emitted from the fluorescent layer due to its excitation by exciting light. The reflective surface of the base has an array of minute reflective structures formed thereon so as to reflect, outward from the reflective surface, fluorescence emitted substantially parallel to the flat bottom surface of the base from the fluorescent layer.

Abstract: In a projection display apparatus in which a laser beam source and an optical engine are connected together through an optical fiber, safety is improved against temperature rise in the optical fiber and its periphery. A projection display apparatus includes a temperature sensor 4 provided on the end portion, of the side of an optical engine 6, of an optical fiber group 1 for connecting a laser beam source 5 and the optical engine 6 to each other, in which, by detecting temperature and informing to a controlling unit 71 for controlling the laser beam source 5, when temperature rise exceeding a set value having been set previously is detected, the controlling unit 71 is made to control so as to decrease or stop output from the laser beam source 5.

Abstract: A light source system includes a luminescent wheel, a driving unit for rotating the luminescent wheel, a light source for shining excitation light on to a luminescent material layer of the luminescent wheel, a light shining control unit for controlling an illumination timing of the light source, a light shining time integrating unit for integrating individual excitation light shining times to a plurality of predetermined divided areas of the luminescent wheel, an integrated light shining time storage unit for storing the individual light shining times to the predetermined divided areas, and a light shining range control unit for equalizing times over which excitation light is shone on to the plurality of predetermined divided areas of the luminescent wheel based on the individual excitation light shining times to the predetermined divided areas.

Abstract: A projection type image display apparatus in which shortening of the projection distance (widening of the angle of view) and miniaturization of the projection optic system are realized is provided. It comprises, in a traveling direction of the light, an image display element, a lens group including a plurality of lenses, a first lens, a second lens, and a mirror to reflect light emitted from the second lens to be projected obliquely on a screen in this order. The refractive power of the first lens is positive and the refractive power of the second lens is negative. The first and the second lenses are moved in an interlocked relationship with each other along an optical axis of the lens group and a movement amount of the first lens is made larger than a movement amount of the second lens.

Abstract: A new family of truly nonsymmetric optical systems that exploit a new fabrication degree of freedom enabled by the introduction of slow-servos to diamond machining; surfaces whose departure from a sphere varies both radially and azimuthally in the aperture, and associated design method.

Abstract: A drive unit for a mirror adjustment mechanism includes a housing and a drive motor mounted in the housing for driving a drive train. In an embodiment, the drive train comprises a planetary gear system. The drive train may include a coupling to the housing and, in an embodiment, the coupling may comprise a ratchet coupling. Further, in an embodiment, the housing and the drive train may be provided with a ratchet element.

Abstract: A solid-state lamp comprises: one or more solid-state light emitting devices (typically LEDs); a thermally conductive body; at least one duct; and a photoluminescence wavelength conversion component remote to the one or more LEDs. The lamp is configured such that the duct extends through the photoluminescence wavelength conversion component and defines a pathway for thermal airflow through the thermally conductive body to thereby provide cooling of the body and the one or more LEDs.

Abstract: A remote light wavelength conversion device is provided for converting a source light emitted from a light source within a source wavelength range into a converted light within a converted wavelength range. The remote light wavelength conversion device may include a waveguide and a color conversion optic. The waveguide may include a first end and a second end and the color conversion optic may be adjacently located at the second end of the waveguide. The color conversion optic may convert the source light transmitted through the waveguide to the converted light. The waveguide may be a fiber having a core diameter of less than about ten micrometers.

Abstract: A LED display screen includes a case, a LED display module and a front assembling system. The case has a front opening. The LED display module is received in the case via the front opening, including a supporting base, a LED display unit mounting in front of the supporting base, and a LED shade shading in front of the LED display unit. The front assembling system has a base channel, a display unit channel and a shade channel. The front assembling system includes a still member, a supporting member and a supporting member. The still member mounts behind the supporting base. The supporting member is provided on the case. The supporting member includes a body and a head. The body is inserted through the mounting hole to engage with the supporting member. The head is hidden inside the base channel to combine the LED display unit with the supporting base.

Abstract: An illuminating apparatus includes a light source unit including a plurality of LED packages, a first prism plate arranged on the plurality of LED packages and having a prism pattern formed thereon, and a second prism plate provided on the first prism plate, and arranged such that a lengthwise direction of a prism pattern formed on the second prism plate crosses a lengthwise direction of the prism pattern of the first prism plate. A triangular shape in a cross-section of the prism pattern of each of the first and second prism plates is an isosceles triangle, and a height H and a bottom side length L of the isosceles triangle satisfy the following conditions that 0.1L?H?0.2L.

Abstract: The lighted safety vest device provides a flexible material that can be laid flat out or even folded if desired, easing transport and storage and also providing for most comfortable fit. The embedded circuitry is flexible and connects the control to the embedded plurality of lights. Preferably LED lights are importantly arranged in sets with rows of three, with a row width of about 3½ inches. Rows are arranged in side-by-side columns with column heights of about 15 inches. Rows of the front proximal to the first end are disposed on either side of the front division. A single grouping of three columns with three rows in each is arranged centrally most proximal to the second end. Row width and set arrangements provide visibility from virtually any angle by which a user may be viewed. Set size also provides distant viewing of a user.

Abstract: A linkable linear light emitting diode (LED) system provides apparatus and method for mechanically, optically, and electrically linking multiple LED modules disposed over a wide and separated area of a ceiling system. Openings can be cut in ceiling tiles of a drop ceiling system and the LED lighting modules are coupled to the tile through the opening, with the tile being sandwiched between different portions of the module. A remote driver system is placed within the drop ceiling above the tiles and provide multiple connectors for powering a multitude of lighting modules. Certain of the LED lighting modules include both input and output connectors for both receiving power or data and providing power or data to other modules. In this manner, some of the modules act as master LED lighting modules and those receiving power and/or data therefrom are act as slave modules.

Abstract: A solar awning system is provided with a spool housing containing a sheet of flexible solar light array material rolled into a spool within the spool housing. The spool is rotatably mounted for spooling and unspooling the flexible sheet to and from the spool housing. The spool housing may be attached to a wall or other object or mounted on supports to quickly provide a shaded and lighted region at a desired location. The flexible sheet is quickly retracted into the spool housing to pack up, whereupon the spool housing protects the flexible solar light array material for subsequent use.

Abstract: An inspection lamp with interchangeable mount including a housing having a front and rear, at least one blue/ultraviolet LED for emitting light in a blue/ultraviolet wavelength range from the front of the housing, at least one white LED for emitting broad spectrum visible light from the front of the housing, a mounting apparatus for removably mounting the housing to a mounting fixture, the mounting apparatus including a lamp adapter, and a slot located in the rear of the housing for slidably receiving the lamp adapter.

Abstract: A fluorescence-like light emitting diode (LED) illumination unit is provided, which includes a radiator, an LED substrate fixed on the radiator, and multiple LED illuminants encapsulated on the LED substrate. A first surface of the radiator is in the shape of a paraboloid with reflective effect. A bar-shaped convex lens with radial converging effect is disposed in the space surrounded by the paraboloid. The bar-shaped convex lens is located in front of the multiple LED illuminants and radially converges part of light rays emitted by the multiple LED illuminants but axially diffuses them. The illumination unit completely solves the problems such as exposure of spotted light sources, small irradiation angle of a light path, beaded light spots of the LED light sources as the lamp illuminant, visual dizziness caused by multiple projections formed by irradiating an irradiated object with a multi-point light source, dazzling light rays, and the like in an existing LED illumination lamp.

Abstract: A solid state directional lamp is disclosed. The lamp comprises a reflector and a plurality of solid state light emitters directing light rays towards the reflector. For each solid state light emitter of the plurality of solid state light emitters, the reflector defines a segmented parabola and a mirrored wall associated with the light emitter. Each solid state light emitter is positioned in the lamp at a focal point of the segmented parabola associated with the solid state light emitter. For each solid state light, the mirrored wall associated with the solid state light emitter directs light rays from the solid state light emitter into the segmented parabola associated with the same solid state light emitter.

Abstract: A deep submersible light fixture includes a substantially spherical exterior housing made of metal. The housing has a hollow interior and a first aperture extending through a front side of the housing. The first aperture communicates with the hollow interior of the housing. At least one LED is mounted inside the first aperture adjacent to the hollow interior of the housing. A transparent window extends across the first aperture. A seal is situated between a periphery of the window and the housing adjacent the first aperture for providing resistance to the entry of water into the hollow interior of the housing. An electrical connector extends through a second aperture in a rear side of the housing.

Abstract: A LED lamp assembly includes a rectangular electrical box formed of two symmetrical U-shaped frame panels that are detachably fastened together by a tongue-and-groove joint and holding therein a control circuit board that is affixed to two parallel mounting grooves in one U-shaped frame panel by screw nails, a back cover plate and a bracket affixed to the electrical box at two opposite sides for mounting, and an elongated, rectangular light source unit affixed to the bracket and controllable by the control circuit board to emit light.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an LED lamp includes an LED module and a light guide. The LED module includes a plurality of LEDs annularly arranged and mounted on a front surface of a board, and an opening provided in the board at an inside surrounded by the LEDs. The light guide is engaged and fastened to the opening from the front surface side of the board. The light guide guides part of light emitted by the LEDs, and emits the light guided from the front surface side to a rear surface side over an outer edge part of the board.

Abstract: A solid state light (SSL) including solid state emitters (SSEs), and methods of manufacturing SSLs are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, an SSL comprises a support having a first portion and a second portion inward of the second portion. A first set of first SSEs having a first performance specification rating can be located at the first portion, and a second set of second SSEs having a second performance specification rating different than the first performance specification rating can be located at the second portion. The first and second sets of SSEs can emit a desired output across the SSL.

Abstract: Provided is a lens. The lens includes a lens body including a convex top surface having a first recessed part at a central portion thereof and a flat surface at a circumference thereof and a flat bottom surface having a second recessed part at a central portion thereof; and a plurality of lens supports on the bottom surface of the lens body, wherein a ratio of a maximum depth (a) of the first recessed part, from the top surface of the lens body to a bottom surface of the first recessed part, to a maximum thickness (h) of the lens body, from the top surface of the lens body to the bottom surface of the lens body, ranges from 0.06 to 0.1.