Abstract: Methods and apparatus to reduce particle-induced defects on a substrate are provided. In certain embodiments, the methods involve decreasing plasma spread prior to extinguishing the plasma. The plasma is maintained at the decreased plasma spread while particles are evacuated from the processing chamber. In certain embodiments, the methods involve decreasing plasma power prior to extinguishing the plasma. The low-power plasma is maintained while particles are evacuated from the processing chamber.

Abstract: An electronic device capable of changing color of casing includes a casing, at least parts of the casing being made of transparent light-guiding material; a light emitting module for emitting light with N colors; a thermal sensor for sensing an environmental temperature; a storage unit for storing a look-up table, the look-up table recording N temperature ranges and the N colors, each of the N colors being corresponding to one of the N temperature ranges; and a control unit electrically connected to the light emitting module, the thermal sensor and the storage unit and used for comparing the environmental temperature with the N temperature ranges of the look-up table so as to control the light emitting module to emit light with one of the N colors.

Abstract: A light bulb base includes a power source interface configured to couple the light bulb base to a light bulb socket. It also includes a bulb-coupling interface configured to removably couple the light bulb base to a bulb assembly. A user interface mechanism is also included in the light bulb base, and is operable to control a function of the bulb assembly or the base when the base is coupled to the bulb assembly. The light bulb base may also include a receiver for receiving a signal from a remote control source and/or a controller configured to perform the function.

Abstract: A semiconductor light emitting device includes a substrate, a first semiconductor light emitting element and a second semiconductor light emitting element. A first semiconductor light emitting element is provided on the substrate and includes a first layer having a first conductivity type, a first light emitting layer, and a second layer having a second conductivity type. A second semiconductor light emitting element is provided on the substrate and includes a third layer having a second conductivity type, a second light emitting layer, and a fourth layer having a first conductivity type. The first layer and the third layer are electrically connected. A peak emission wavelength of light emitted from the first light emitting layer and a peak emission wavelength of light emitted from the second light emitting layer are substantially same.

Abstract: Disclosed is a lighting control system including an object lighting control device and at least one reference lighting control device. The object lighting control device generates an object brightness control signal to control an object brightness of an object lighting device provided in an object district using a sensed result of an object illuminance around the object lighting device as well as reference data. The reference lighting control device generates a reference brightness control signal to control a reference brightness of a reference lighting device provided in a reference district using a sensed result of a reference illuminance around the reference lighting device, and transmits at least one of the reference illuminance and the reference brightness as the reference data to the object lighting control device in response to a request of the object lighting control device.

Abstract: System and method include luminaires, control switches, occupancy detectors, and photocells connected to central control module for setting up, testing, commissioning and maintaining the system. Memory card interface and associated memory card provided for loading, saving and/or transferring configuration, update firmware, and log system operation data, which can be automatically recognized to perform appropriate actions. System and method provide switching between different mutually exclusive lighting modes where lighting of each mode is sequenced such that second lighting mode is initiated before first mode is terminated, resulting in continuity of lighting in controlled area.

Abstract: A dual-output power adapter for a lighted artificial tree having a plurality of tree portions with light strings having lighting elements. The dual-output power adapter includes a power cord including a first power conductor and a second power conductor, the power cord configured to transmit an input electrical power; a housing configured to receive the first power conductor and a second power conductor; power-converting circuitry in electrical connection with the first power conductor and the second power conductor, the power-converting circuitry configured to convert the input electrical power to a first output electrical power; a first pair of conductors for transmitting the first output electrical power; and a second pair of conductors for transmitting a second output electrical power.

Abstract: An active matrix organic light emitting diode (AMOLED) circuit and an operating method thereof are disclosed herein. The AMOLED circuit includes an organic light emitting diode, a switching circuit, a compensating circuit, a driving circuit, and a reset circuit. The compensating circuit is connected to the switching circuit and includes a first capacitor. The driving circuit is configured to be driven by the compensating circuit to provide the organic light emitting diode with a driving current. The reset circuit is connected to both ends of the first capacitor and to a control line. The reset circuit is configured to change to the voltage levels on both ends of the first capacitor according to the voltage level on the control line, such that one end of the first capacitor and a reference power supply are conducted and charges stored inside the first capacitor are released.

Abstract: A LED lighting method and a LED lighting device has been disclosed, a method for improving the luminous efficiency of LED, an integrating method of a LED lighting circuit and a LED lighting integrated chip are provided, which use the negative power characteristics of the constant current diode CRD to enable the power supply current to drive the LED to emit light and illuminate after affecting by the constant current effect of the constant current diode CRD. The constant current diode CRD and an LED light module group are packaged and integrated into a chip to form an LED light module group integrated chip.

Abstract: Configurations for an LED driver are disclosed. The proposed LED driver receives an input voltage, drives an LED and includes a compensation capacitor set including a first and a second capacitors connected to each other in series, wherein the first capacitor is electrically connected to the LED, the second capacitor is grounded, the compensation capacitor set provides a compensation voltage to the LED such that the LED is conductible when an instantaneous voltage value of the input voltage is lower than an LED conduction voltage.

Abstract: The present invention proposes an LED dimming module (10) comprising two LED strings (1,2), the first LED string (1) comprising at least one color converted blue or UV LED (1a) and the second LED string (2) comprising at least one amber light emitting LED (2a), the LED module further comprising control means (3) connected to the first and second LED string (1,2), said control means (3) being designed to selectively vary a current provided to the first LED string (1) such that a non-linear dimming curve (13b) of the resulting emitted light is obtained, said dimming curve (13b) approaching the planckian curve (9) on the CIE chromaticity diagram.

Abstract: An LED controller circuit for use in an LED drive circuit in which a coil current control scheme is used to deliver power to an LED arrangement from a phase cut dimmer. The controller circuit includes means for determining, based on an analysis/signal processing of the on-time of the transistor, the dimmer characteristics, including the on state and off states of the ac dimmed voltage signal. This avoids the need for the controller circuit to process the dimmer output.

Abstract: Driver device and a corresponding driving method for driving a load, in particular an LED assembly comprising one or more LEDs. To provide a better performance, better cost-efficiency, improved power factor and reduced losses, a driver device (1,1?, 2, 2?) is provided comprising a rectifier unit (10) for rectifying a received AC supply voltage (VS), load terminals (20) for providing a drive voltage (VL) and/or a drive current (IL) for driving said load, a capacitive storage unit (30) coupled between said rectifier unit and said load terminals for storing electrical energy provided by said rectifier unit and providing electrical energy to said load, and a bridge switching unit (40) coupled between said rectifier unit and said load for switching said capacitive storage unit into a load current path from said rectifier unit to said load terminals with a desired polarity and for switching said capacitive storage unit out of said load current path.

Abstract: A PFC converter (100) is disclosed that includes a voltage rectifier circuit (126, 127, 153) and a voltage regulator circuit (81, 90, 33, 54). The PFC converter (100) also includes an inductor (140) having a plurality of auxiliary windings (141, 142) coupled to the voltage rectifier circuit (126, 27, 153) and the voltage regulator circuit (81, 90,33, 54). One of the auxiliary windings (142) is arranged to supply a start up voltage (V1), during a start up stage, using the voltage rectifier circuit (126, 127, 153)to the voltage regulator circuit (81, 90, 33, 54). Another of the auxiliary windings (141)is arranged to supply a voltage (V1), during a steady-state stage, using the voltage rectifier circuit (126, 127, 153) to the voltage regulator circuit (81, 90, 33, 54).

Abstract: An energy efficient apparatus includes a switching device, a frequency dependent reactive device, and a control element is provided. The switching device is coupled to a source of electrical power and includes a pair of transistors and is adapted to receive a control signal and to produce an alternating current power signal. The frequency of the alternating current power signal is responsive to the control signal. The frequency dependent reactive device is electrically coupled to the pair of transistors for receiving the alternating current power signal and producing an output power signal. The frequency dependent reactive device is chosen to achieve a desired voltage of the output power signal relative to the frequency of the alternating current power signal. The control element senses an actual voltage of the direct current power signal and modifies the control signal delivered to achieve the desired voltage of the direct current power signal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating a pulse width modulated voltage that has a duty cycle that is inversely proportional to a sensed battery voltage and using the generated pulse width modulated voltage to control a light emitting diode to maintain the intensity of light emitted as the battery voltage fluctuates.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a lighting lamp (10), is used for emitting a plurality of lights with different color temperatures, and color rendering indexes of all the lights are larger than 90. The lighting lamp (10) includes a combination (100) of light sources and a driving module (200). The combination (100) of the light sources includes four LEDs with specific wavelengths. The driving module (200) is utilized to drive the LEDs to illuminate and to control energy distribution of luminous energy for the first, second, third and fourth LEDs, thereby dynamically adjusting to show the light with 9000K, 12000K and eight color temperatures defined by the ENERGY STAR.

Abstract: The light emitting device control circuit device 100 in accordance with the disclosure includes a power source V1, a transistor TR1, a light emitting unit EU1, switches S1 to S17, constant current sources CC1 to CC17, and a controller 110. A switching voltage Vs1 is supplied from the controller 110 to turn ON or turn OFF the transistor TR intermittently, a pulse voltage is supplied to a pulse voltage supplying line Y1 connected to a drain terminal D of the transistor TR1. The driving signals SP1 to SP17 are sequentially supplied to the switches S1 to S17 to turn ON or turn OFF them (i.e., time division drive). The light emitting devices A1 to A17 are driven sequentially by a pulse current (i.e., time division drive) when a high voltage is supplied to the pulse voltage supplying line Y1 and when the driving signals SP1 to SP17 are turned ON.

Abstract: An OLED display device is provided. The OLED display device may include a first capacitor connected between a data line and a first node, a first transistor connected to the first node and a second node, an OLED connected between a low-level source voltage terminal and a third node, a second transistor connected to the second and third nodes, a driving transistor, and a second capacitor. The driving transistor may have a gate connected to the first node, a drain connected to the second node, and a source connected to a high-level source voltage terminal. One end of the second capacitor may receive a second scan signal, and the other end of the second capacitor may be connected to the second node.

Abstract: A power factor correction circuit includes an inductor L1, a diode D1, a switch Q3 and a controller 24. An input voltage Vin is applied to the inductor L1 which is cyclically discharged through the diode D1 by the operation of the switch Q3. The method of operation includes: operating a controller 24 to obtain an indication of the voltage across the switch Q3, monitoring the indication of the voltage across the switch Q3 to determine when the inductor L1 reaches a discharged state in response to the switch being in an off state, and the switch Q3 being controlled by the controller 24 to vary the on period of the switch Q3, during which the inductor is charged, for adjusting an output voltage Vbus towards a target value Vbus—target. The controller 24 monitors at least one of the indication of the voltage across the switch Q3 and the ratio of the switch on period Ton to the switch off period Toff for detecting that the input voltage Vin has a low value.

Abstract: A display device includes a pixel circuit that supplies current to a light emitting diode (LED) and a driver circuit. The pixel circuit includes a constant current circuit including a first transistor and a capacitor connected to a gate terminal of the first transistor, and a switch circuit including a second transistor. The driver circuit controls the pixel circuit such that the LED emits light by connecting the anode of the LED diode and the first power line under a non-light emission state of the LED, connecting the gate terminal of the first transistor and the anode after the anode is disconnected from the first power line, setting the gate terminal of the first transistor to a voltage corresponding to an amount of a supply current from the first power line, and after setting the gate terminal, switching a state of the LED into a light emission state.

Abstract: A portable electronic device with an IrDA transmitter LED is used to transmit both IrDA signals and remote control infrared signals. The device transmits remote control infrared signals with reduced power consumption. During a relatively longer remote control signal pulse, an inductor saturates and stores energy when a drive current flows from a power supply, through the inductor and then through the LED. An energy-transferring circuit transfers a portion of the energy stored in the inductor to the power supply. Energy is transferred when the drive current is cut and the voltage across the inductor surges, which causes an overflow current to flow through a diode in the energy-transferring circuit and to the power supply. The inductor is a planar coil of traces on a printed circuit board and therefore costs less to manufacture than does a toroidal coil of wires.

Abstract: A field emission display is also provided. The field emission display includes a plurality of pixel units. Each of the plurality of pixel units includes a first electrode located on the insulating substrate; a plurality of first electron emitters located on and electrically connected to the first electrode; a first phosphor layer located on the first electrode; a second electrode located on the insulating substrate and spaced from the first electrode, wherein the second electrode extends at least partly around the first electrode; a plurality of second electron emitters located on and electrically connected to the second electrode; and a second phosphor layer located on the second electrode.

Abstract: A dimmable LED lamp assembly includes a power supply configured to receive an input power signal and produce a DC lamp current, a LED lamp coupled to the DC lamp current and configured to produce an amount of light corresponding to an amount of the DC lamp current, and a dimming controller coupled to the power supply and configured to adjust the amount of DC lamp current. The dimming controller is coupled to the input power signal and is further configured to determine a required dimming level based on the input power signal and to adjust the amount of DC lamp current such that the amount of light produced by the LED lamp corresponds to the determined required dimming level.

Abstract: A driver is connectable to an external power supply and configured to output variable electrical power for one or more loads, such as LEDs. A module including a microcontroller is operable to output a control signal that automatically varies the electrical power outputted by the driver. The microcontroller is further configured to be powered by the control signal.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a power supply unit (PSU) is provided. The method includes providing at least one PSU supplying a dimming signal to at least one light source, performing a first test for electrical characteristics of the at least one PSU, detecting light emitted from the at least one light source, measuring a flicker of the at least one light source, and performing a second test for a state of the at least one PSU based on a flicker measurement result, and packing a PSU determined to be in a normal state among the at least one PSU, as a result of the first test and the second test.

Abstract: To a constant-current power supply whose output current can be variably set, light emitting modules can be connected in parallel. A control unit recognizes connection information outputted from an information output unit provided in each of the light emitting modules and varies the output current of the constant-current power supply. Drive can be controlled in response to a state of the connected light emitting modules such as the connecting number of light emitting modules.

Abstract: In a lighting device, sets of LEDs are employed using the natural characteristics of the LEDs to resemble incandescent lamp behavior when dimmed, thereby Obviating the need for sophisticated controls. A first set of at least one LED produces light with a first color temperature, and a second set of at least one LED produces light with a second color temperature. The first set and the second set are connected in series, or the first set and the second set are connected in parallel, possibly with a resistive element in series with the first or the second set. The first set and the second set differ in temperature behavior, or have different dynamic electrical resistance. In various embodiments, the sum of the currents provided to the first and second sets may be substantially equal to a magnitude of an input current.

Abstract: A laser interlock system and allows laser radiation to be generated when an inspector and a subject correctly wear safety glasses and during use of a photo-acoustic imaging apparatus, thereby protecting the eyes of the inspector and the subject and preventing unnecessary power consumption. The laser interlock system includes a sensing unit to sense whether or not contact between a user and safety glasses occurs, a light source unit to generate a laser, and a control unit that determines, based on an output value from the sensing unit, whether or not the user is wearing the safety glasses normally, and generates an interlock signal to turn on or off the light source unit for selective laser generation according to the determination.

Abstract: A tunable LED lamp for producing biologically-adjusted light having a housing, a power circuit, a driver circuit disposed within the housing and electrically coupled with the power circuit, and a plurality of LED dies electrically coupled to and driven by the driver circuit. The driver circuit may drive the plurality of LED dies to emit a phase-shift light having a first spectral power distribution, a general illuminating light having a second spectral power distribution, and a pre-sleep light having a third spectral power distribution. The phase-shift light may be configured to affect a first biological effect in an observer, and the pre-sleep light may be configured to affect a second biological effect in an observer. The LED lamp may include an intermediate base to couple the lamp to an Edison screw base. The LED lamp may be configured to operate responsive to a three-way switch.

Abstract: A tunable LED lamp for producing biologically-adjusted light having a housing, a power circuit, a driver circuit disposed within the housing and electrically coupled with the power circuit, and a plurality of LED dies electrically coupled to and driven by the driver circuit. The driver circuit may drive the plurality of LED dies to emit a phase-shift light having a first spectral power distribution, a general illuminating light having a second spectral power distribution, and a pre-sleep light having a third spectral power distribution. The phase-shift light may be configured to affect a first biological effect in an observer, and the pre-sleep light may be configured to affect a second biological effect in an observer. The LED lamp may be configured to fit in a troffer fixture. The LED lamp may also be a troffer fixture.

Abstract: An accelerator assembly includes a first chip and a second chip. An acceleration channel is formed into a surface of a first side of the first chip. The first side of the first chip is covalently bonded to a first side of the second chip such that the channel is a tubular void between the first and second chips. The channel has a tubular inside sidewall surface, substantially no portion of which is a metal surface. The channel has length-to-width ratio greater than five, and a channel width less than one micron. There are many substantially identical channels that extend in parallel between the first and second chips. In one specific example, the assembly is part of a Direct Write On Wafer (DWOW) printing system. The DWOW printing system is useful in semiconductor processing in that it can direct write an image onto a 300 mm diameter wafer in one minute.

Abstract: The invention relates to a drive arrangement for the motor-operated adjustment of an adjusting element in a motor vehicle, wherein the drive arrangement comprises two electrical drives having in each case a drive motor and a control device, wherein in the assembled state the drives act in the same manner on the adjusting element and are embodied in an essentially identical manner apart from deviations that are a result of tolerances, wherein the control device influences the two drive motors by a pulse width modulation voltage (“PWM” voltage). It is proposed that the control device influences the two drive motors by PWM voltages having PWM switching frequencies that vary continuously during the adjustment process in such a manner that the PWM switching frequencies that are allocated to the two drive motors are different from each other at least for periods of time.

Abstract: A circuit for activating an electric motor in a work apparatus includes a main circuit having an electric motor, a rechargeable-battery pack, and an operating switch for activating the motor, and also a parallel branch to the battery pack and the operating switch. A capacitor is arranged in the parallel branch. To lower the electrical contact load on the operating switch, provision is made to arrange an electronic switch, which is connected in series with the capacitor, in the parallel branch. The series circuit which includes the capacitor and the electronic switch has a first and a second end. The ends form the only electrical power connection of the capacitor to the main circuit. The electronic switch in the series circuit will apply a supply voltage, which is provided by the battery pack, to the capacitor only after a period of time following closing of the operating switch has elapsed.

Abstract: Method and device for an electric-motor drive, particularly in connection with electric vehicles, in which a system consisting of rechargeable batteries produces operating current for the electric motor/electric motors moving the vehicle. An essential part of the method and device is that one single-cell battery, or several single-cell batteries separated galvanically from each other are used, the voltage of which is raised to an acceptable operating-voltage level.

Abstract: A control apparatus for an AC motor that drives and controls the AC motor includes a damping control unit that calculates a damping manipulated variable that suppresses a fluctuation in the capacitor voltage, wherein the damping control unit calculates a fluctuation rate of the capacitor voltage, calculates the damping manipulated variable based on the fluctuation rate and a predetermined value that is set as a value in a predetermined range around a maximum torque of the AC motor, generates a torque command or a current command of the AC motor based on the damping manipulated variable, and controls an inverter so as to change a current flowing in the inverter in a fluctuation suppressing direction with respect to a fluctuation in the capacitor voltage based on the torque command or the current command.

Abstract: A power conversion device includes a power switching circuit that supplies AC voltages generated between switching elements operating as upper arms and switching elements operating as lower arms, and a control circuit that generates and supplies to the driver circuit signals for controlling the switching operation of the switching elements by a PWM method in a first operational region in which frequency of an AC power to be outputted is low, and that generates and supplies to the driver circuit signals for controlling the switching operation of the switching elements at timings based upon the phase of the AC power to be outputted in an operational region in which the frequency of the AC power to be outputted is higher than in the first operational region.

Abstract: A motor control device supplies a drive control signal to a drive circuit that drives a motor at a constant period using a motor drive signal based on the drive control signal, and shuts off the motor drive signal when a count value counted by a counter that reset the count value if a state of the motor changes exceeds a threshold corresponding to a plurality of driving periods of the motor. The motor control device includes: a control unit that controls a setting unit to set a rotational direction of the motor to a first rotational direction and a second rotational direction reverse to the first rotational direction at the constant period alternately, when a drive mode of the motor is a position holding mode to drive the motor so as to hold a rotational position of the motor.

Abstract: A motor control device includes a drive unit configured to rotate a rotor by supplying a drive signal with periodical changes to a coil; a detection unit configured to output a signal that is changed in association with a rotation of the rotor; and a control unit configured to control the drive signal supplied by the drive unit in accordance with the signal output from the detection unit, wherein the control unit performs a first control and a second control so as to achieve a target rotation velocity of the rotor, and wherein the first control is a control for controlling the rotation velocity of the rotor by controlling an advance angle of the drive signal with periodical changes and the second control is a control for controlling the rotation velocity of the rotor by controlling a voltage for supplying the drive signal.

Abstract: Proposed is a motor control device that executes rotational control that follows load fluctuations in a startup mode. The proposed motor control device is provided with: detection means 4 that detects a current peak value Ip and a current electrical angle ?i based on phase currents Iu to Iw; detection means 5 that detects an induced voltage peak value Ep and an induced voltage electrical angle ?e based on phase currents Iu to Iw and applied voltages Vu to Vw; rotor position detection means 6 that detects a rotor position ?m using ?m=?i???90° or ?m=?e???90°; velocity fluctuation detection means 15 that detects a rotational velocity ? based on this ?m; and startup means 10 that outputs a startup voltage instruction value Vp and a startup voltage phase instruction value ?v, increases the rotational velocity of the synchronous motor M with predetermined acceleration, and makes the rotational velocity ? detected by the velocity fluctuation detection means 15 be reflected in ?v.

Abstract: A motor control apparatus according to the embodiment includes a rotational position estimating unit, a change amount estimating unit, and an inductance estimating unit. The rotational position estimating unit estimates a rotational position of a rotor from a motor parameter including a q-axis inductance of a motor on a basis of an output current to the motor and a voltage reference. The change amount estimating unit estimates a change amount of an output torque with respect to a current phase change of the motor corresponding to a high frequency signal whose frequency is higher than a drive frequency of the motor. The inductance estimating unit estimates an inductance value that obtains a maximum torque on a basis of the change amount as the q-axis inductance.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a motor control device provided with the function of detecting the rotor position of a synchronous motor in a sensor-less fashion. The motor control device previously stores a current phase ? defined by the two parameters that are an induced voltage peak value Ep and the subtracted value (?e??i) obtained by subtracting an induced voltage electrical angle ?e from a current electrical angle ?i, and based on the actual detected Ep, ?i, and ?e, selects ? by referring to the ? previously stored, and calculates the rotor position ?m by subtracting the selected ? from the actual detected ?i. Then, in case of selecting ?, the actual detected Ep and ?e are corrected according to changes in the current flowing through the coil. As a result, a detection accuracy for the rotor position during a transition period is enhanced.

Abstract: An electric working machine including: an input part; a control unit configured to control a motor in accordance with an operation amount of the input part; and a switching part; wherein, when a predetermined operation is performed to the switching part, the control unit shifts to a fixed control mode in which the motor is controlled in accordance with an operation amount of the input part at the time when the predetermined operation is performed to the switching part, irrespective of an operation amount of the input part after the predetermined operation is performed to the switching part.

Abstract: Start capacitor assemblies and methods for operating electric motors are described. In one example, a start capacitor assembly for connection to an electric motor includes a film capacitor and a resistor. The film capacitor has a first terminal and a second terminal.

Abstract: A method for charging electric vehicles includes receiving information regarding an electric vehicle. At least a portion of the information is received through a vehicle interface configured to place a battery of the electric vehicle into electrical communication with a fuel cell system. A charge is delivered from the fuel cell system to the battery of the electric vehicle through the vehicle interface without use of a direct current to alternating current (DC/AC) converter. The charge is delivered based at least in part on the information.

Abstract: An energy power depositing/charging management system and method is provided. When energy is deposited in an energy storage station from an onboard power storage device of a vehicle, a vehicle energy management unit manages reductions in the remaining stored energy level of energy in the onboard power storage device. The vehicle energy management unit and a storage station energy management unit manage increases in the energy remaining amount of deposited energy in the energy storage station, thereby allowing for charging up to the remaining amount of deposited energy of energy identified with an ID for the vehicle in the energy storage station.

Abstract: Described is an energy share pack comprising a housing, at least one energy storage component within the housing, at least one energy conversion component within the housing, and a connection point for connecting to more than one of energy users, energy sources and other energy share packs simultaneously for sharing energy. The energy share pack may have an energy generation component for generating harvestable energy, and two or more ports of any combination of the following types: bidirectional power port, bidirectional USB port, unidirectional output power port, and unidirectional input power port. The share pack ports may operate simultaneously at different voltage levels, and at least one port may be bi-directional. Furthermore, the share packs may have an integrated display for providing information on the energy share pack in which the display is integrated and information about other energy share packs connected thereto.

Abstract: A charging converter has a first protocol interface and a second protocol interface mounted on a body. The body further has a switching circuit. Each of the first protocol interface and the second protocol interface has a power pin, a ground pin and two data pins. The power pin of the first protocol interface is connected to the power pin of the second protocol interface. The data pins of the second protocol interface are connected to the data pins of the first protocol interface through the switching circuit. The switching circuit serves to switch to a synchronous mode or a fast charging mode. When the synchronous mode is selected, the power and data channels between the first protocol interface and the second protocol interface are simultaneously established. When the fast charging mode is selected, only the power channel is established to accelerate the charging speed.

Abstract: A power supply control device includes a sensing unit that monitors state information of a secondary battery, and a control unit that controls charging/discharging of the secondary battery. In the power supply control device, the sensing unit transmits a warning signal to the control unit when the state information is greater than a predetermined acceptable value, and the control unit cuts off current applied from an external power source to the secondary battery and controls current to be applied from the secondary battery to an electronic device when the warning signal is received by the control unit.

Abstract: A wireless charging apparatus includes a charging unit configured to transmit power wirelessly to a mobile device, and a power supply unit configured to supply power to the charging unit. The wireless charging apparatus further includes a connecting unit configured to connect the charging unit to the power supply unit such that a position and an angle of the charging unit are adjustable.