Abstract: An electronic device includes a connection interface, a voltage regulation unit, a storage unit, a charging unit, a processing unit, and a switching unit. The switching unit is coupled to the storage unit, the processing unit, and the connection interface. When the electronic device is in a power-exhaustion state and an external device having a charging function is coupled to the connection interface to provide a first supplying voltage to a power pin of the connection interface, the voltage regulation unit transforms the first supplying voltage to a first operation voltage to power the storage unit and the switching unit, and the switching unit couples the storage unit to the connection interface to transmit device information to the external device. When the external device provides a second supplying voltage to the power pin in response to the device information, the electronic device is in a charging state.

Abstract: Provided is an alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) power supply device in which normal power and power of a solar cell is used to supply not only AC power but also DC power, particularly, power of a solar cell is first supplied as DC power or is charged in a battery, and after battery charging, residual power is converted to AC power via an inverter so as to replace normal AC power or to transmit AC power to the outside. Accordingly, an SMPS power supply method in which AC and DC power are supplied at the same time may be provided, and moreover, power of a solar cell may be effectively used.

Abstract: A relay driving device includes first and second power supply modules, a switching circuit, and a control module. The first power supply module outputs a first voltage that has a magnitude sufficient to activate the relay. The second power supply module outputs a second voltage that has a magnitude sufficient to maintain an activated state of the relay. The control module is configured to control the switching circuit to connect the relay to the first power supply module so as to provide the first voltage to the relay for activating the relay, and to subsequently connect the relay to the second power supply module so as to provide the second voltage to the relay for maintaining the activated state of the relay.

Abstract: A system and method for combining power from DC power sources. Each power source is coupled to a converter. Each converter converts input power to output power by monitoring and maintaining the input power at a maximum power point. Substantially all input power is converted to the output power, and the controlling is performed by allowing output voltage of the converter to vary. The converters are coupled in series. An inverter is connected in parallel with the series connection of the converters and inverts a DC input to the inverter from the converters into an AC output. The inverter maintains the voltage at the inverter input at a desirable voltage by varying the amount of the series current drawn from the converters. The series current and the output power of the converters, determine the output voltage at each converter.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus includes: a plurality of electric power generating elements; detection means for determining whether each of the plurality of electric power generating elements has an electromotive force equal to or higher than a predetermined value; determination means determining an input operation performed by a user by identifying an electric power generating element having an electromotive force below the predetermined value when at least one of the plurality of electric power generating elements is determined as having an electromotive force below the predetermined value according to the detection means; processing means carrying out a process associate with the input operation determined by the determination means; and bypass means which is provided in parallel with the electric power generating elements and through which a current flows when the electric power generating elements have an electromotive force below the predetermined value.

Abstract: A power distribution system. The power distribution system may comprise a plurality of renewable energy sources and plurality of converters to increase fault tolerance in the event of a component failure and to minimize output power degradation. Each converter may be comprised of a plurality of input ports, wherein each input port receives controlled amount of energy from the plurality of renewable energy sources. Each input port may also be disconnected in the event of component or device failure. Each of the converters is preferably configured to have additional power capacity to offset any reduced output capacity by a faulty converter, and preferably, the performance of each converter is monitored by the system to maintain its performance. The power distribution system may be monitored by a third party to maintain the energy output levels and to facilitate the power distribution system's restoration to normal functioning.

Abstract: Described herein are systems, devices, and methods for a wireless energy transfer source that can support multiple wireless energy transfer techniques. A wireless energy source is configured to support wireless energy transfer techniques without requiring separate independent hardware for each technique. An amplifier is used to energize different energy transfer elements tuned for different frequencies. The impendence of each energy transfer element is configured such that only some of the energy transfer elements is active at a time. The different energy transfer elements and energy transfer techniques may be selectively activated using an amplifier without using active switches to select or activate different coils and/or resonators.

Abstract: There are provided a variable capacitor and an integrated circuit (IC) including the variable capacitor. The variable capacitor includes: a plurality of capacitance forming portions that are connected to each other in parallel between a first port and a second port and provide previously set capacitance according to a control signal, wherein each of the plurality of capacitance forming portions includes: a first capacitance forming portion including a first switch portion including a plurality of switches, and a first capacitor portion including first and second capacitors; and at least one capacitance forming group including a unit switch portion including a plurality of switches, and at least one unit capacitance forming portion including at least one unit capacitor portion including a unit capacitor.

Abstract: A mobile computing device includes a processor and a trigger device operatively attached to the mobile computing device and configured to generate a mechanical vibration pattern for selectively actuating the mobile computing device. A trigger interface, illustratively an accelerometer, is configured to convert the mechanical vibration pattern into an electrical signal pattern. The processor is configured to actuate a mobile computing function depending on the mechanical vibration pattern generated by the trigger device. A table of properties stored in memory correlates the mechanical vibration generated by the trigger device with a specific mobile computing function. The trigger device may include a plurality of trigger parts; and the mechanical vibration pattern generated by the trigger device may include multiple bits of data generated by the plurality of trigger parts. The mobile computing device may be in a candy bar, clam shell, or other form factor and may include a removable handle.

Abstract: A self-capacitive touch panel including a border electrode and a central electrode is provided. The border electrode has a first centroid. The central electrode has a second centroid A first average distance from the first centroid to all possible touch points in the border electrode is smaller than a second average distance from the second centroid to all possible touch points in the central electrode.

Abstract: A linear actuator, comprising: a base; a fixed part support mechanism attached to the base; a fixed part elastically supported by the fixed part support mechanism; and a movable part driven to reciprocate in a predetermined drive direction with respect to the fixed part, wherein the fixed part support mechanism comprises: a movable block attached to the fixed part; a linear guide that couples the movable block with the base to be slidable in the predetermined drive direction; and an elastic member that is disposed between the base and the movable block and prevents transmission of a high frequency component of vibration in the predetermined drive direction.

Abstract: An actuator that has two or more degrees of freedom that moves a payload are described. The actuator may have two members, an actuator stator and an actuator armature, with the ability to move relative to each other in two or more degrees of freedom.

Abstract: Advantageous machines, such as flux-switching machines (FSMs) are provided. An FSM can be yokeless and can have two rotors, which can be displaced from one another (e.g., by half a pole pitch). An FSM can be a flux-switching permanent magnet machine (FSPMM), and all magnets can be magnetized in the same circumferential direction. FSMs of the subject invention are cost-effective, have high torque density, and can operate well even under fault conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electromagnetic coupling device. In the electromagnetic coupling device according to the present invention, ends (5a and 5b) of a winding of an electromagnetic coil (5) are fitted to grooves of a terminal casing, and terminal members (19a and 19b) are press-fitted to a groove crossing the abovementioned groove, so that lead wires (18a and 18b) held by the terminal members (19a and 19b) are electrically connected to the ends (5a and 5b) of the winding. Terminal lines (51a and 51b) made of enameled copper wires are connected to the opposite ends of the winding of the electromagnetic coil (5) made of an aluminum wire, and the terminal lines (51a and 51b) handled as the ends (5a and 5b) of the winding are connected to brass-made connection pieces (29a and 29b) of the terminal members (19a and 19b).

Abstract: A rotatory device (1) for energy conversion between electrical energy and mechanical energy includes an end cap (20) to which electric conduction and commutation components (30) are attached. The end cap (20) is electrically insulating and has a flange mating to an electric conductive housing (10) of the rotatory device (1). An unpackaged capacitor (40) is positioned between the housing (10) and the flange (20) without occupying other space inside the housing (10) of rotatory device (1). The unpackaged capacitor (40) is electrically coupled to the electric conduction and commutation component and grounded to the housing (10) of the rotatory device (1).

Abstract: A dynamically induced magnetic hysteresis apparatus is described which allows efficient adjustable power coupling without direct mechanical attachment or linking. Adjustment of spatial and penetration gaps are adjusted to vary the ratio of rotation.

Abstract: The invention is the permanent magnet electrical machinery that does not need any other energy and can be used as an electromotor or a generator. It consists of a shell that installed with iron cores, coils, principal axis, switches and a control circuit. The 3 coils are circled in the middle, top and bottom part of the stator core separately. The rotor core has leafs and each leaf has a shape of c, it is made by soft magnetism material and is embed with the magnet on each leaf. When the turning rotor core is entering into the position to face with stator core, electric current is produced in the coil in the middle of stator core. The electric current be exported and passed to the coil on the top and bottom of the next stator core. Its magnetic force of electric current repulses the next rotor core, so the rotor core turns and the machine export electricity continually. The gravitation between the end of the previous leaf of the rotor core and the end of the previous stator core still exists.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a rotor for an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor, the rotor including: a rotor core having a through-hole formed in an axial direction so that a shaft is press-fitted thereinto, a permanent magnet receiving part formed at an outer peripheral portion thereof in a circumferential direction so that a permanent magnet is inserted thereinto, and slits formed to be adjacent to the permanent magnet receiving part and be extended toward a circumferential end in a radial direction; and at least one permanent magnet inserted into the permanent magnet receiving part.

Abstract: An axial rotary energy device including a segmented stator assembly having a plurality of segments arranged in an annular array. Each stator segment is constructed by stacking a plurality of PCB power conductor layers and a plurality of PCB series layers. Each layer having radial conductors extending from an inner via to an outer via. The vias electrically connect selected radial conductors of the series conductor layer and power conductor layer. Each power conductor layer includes a pair of positive and negative terminal vias for one phase of the electric current connected to selected outer vias. A daughter PCB layer electrically connects two adjacent segments together by having a first portion electrically connected to a negative terminal via located in one segment and a second portion electrically connected to a positive terminal via located in an adjacent segment together with a current conductor electrically connecting the two terminal vias together.

Abstract: An electrical machine has a stator-rotor configuration in which the rotor has at least two poles. The poles are configured to rotate in an angle and to electromagnetically interact with one or more teeth that is a part of a stator adjoined in a fixed position to the electrical machine. The configuration forms a gap in the lateral direction between the poles and the teeth. At least one of the poles is formed of a permanent magnet material and a magnetic flux intensifier is arranged relative to at least one of the poles and one of the teeth. The magnetic flux intensifier is configured to concentrate the magnetic field lines between a pole and the teeth.

Abstract: A rotor includes a first rotor core, a second rotor core, a field magnet, and a back magnet. The first rotor core includes a disk-shaped first core base and a plurality of first claw-poles. The second rotor core includes a disk-shaped second core base and a plurality of second claw-poles. The field magnet has the first claw-poles function as first magnetic poles and the second claw-poles function as second magnetic poles. The back magnet is arranged along back surfaces of the first and second claw-poles. The back magnet is magnetized such that radially outer sections have the polarities that are the same as the first and second magnetic poles. The back magnet is formed integrally, has an annular shape, and is in contact with all of the back surfaces of the first and second claw-poles.

Abstract: A distributed winding arrangement for an electric motor is provided that reduces brush arcing while reducing the size of the commutator. The electric motor is comprised generally of an armature having a plurality of spaced apart posts defining a plurality of spaced apart winding slots; a stator disposed coaxially with the armature; and a commutator having a plurality of commutator bars, where the number of commutator bars is an integer greater than the number of winding slots but less than twice the number of winding slots provided by the armature.

Abstract: Induction electrical rotating machine includes a stator which has plural stator slots 114 formed at a predetermined spacing in a circumferential direction of a stator iron core 111 and in which a stator winding 120 is accommodated in the plural stator slots 114, and a rotor 130 in which a rotor bar 132 extending in an axial direction of the rotor iron core 111 is provided in a plural number at a spacing in a circumferential direction and in which a pair of end rings that shorts the plural rotor bars 132 at ends in the axial direction is provided. A shape of a stator-side end, of a sectional shape within a plane orthogonal to a rotor axial direction of the rotor bar 132, is asymmetrical and a notch 133 is formed.

Abstract: A thermionic energy converter is provided that includes an anode, a cathode, where the anode is disposed opposite the cathode, and a suspension, where a first end of the suspension is connected to the cathode and a second end of the suspension is connected to the anode, where the suspension moveably supports the cathode above the anode to form a variable gap between the anode and the cathode, where the variable gap is capable of enabling a variable thermionic current between the anode and the cathode, where the thermionic converter is capable of an AC power output.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing the thin film made of lead zirconate titanate in a 111-oriented perovskite structure, comprising the following steps: providing a substrate having a substrate temperature above 450° C. and a lead target, a zirconium target, and a titanium target; applying the thin film by sputtering lead, zirconium, and titanium from the respective targets onto the substrate, wherein the total deposition rate of lead, zirconium, and titanium is greater than 10 nm/min, the deposition rate of zirconium is selected in such a way that the atomic concentration of zirconium with respect to the atomic concentration of zirconium together with titanium in the thin film is between 0.2 and 0.

Abstract: A displacement sensor having a rectangular shaped elastic member. A piezoelectric element is attached to a first main face of the elastic member. The piezoelectric element has a rectangular-shaped piezoelectric sheet and electrodes on both main faces of the piezoelectric sheet. The piezoelectric sheet is made of poly-L-lactic acid and is at least uniaxially-stretched. The piezoelectric element is attached so that the uniaxial-stretching direction of the piezoelectric sheet is 45° relative to a long-side direction of the elastic member. When the elastic member is bent along the long-side direction, the piezoelectric sheet is stretched along the long-side direction, and the piezoelectric element generates voltage of predetermined level.

Abstract: A piezoelectric thin film element that includes a substrate, a lower electrode on the substrate, a piezoelectric film on the lower electrode, and an upper electrode on the piezoelectric film. The piezoelectric film is a potassium sodium niobate film represented, as its main constituent, by the general formula (1?n)(K1-xNax)NbyO3-nM1M2O3 in which M1 is any one of Ca, Sr, and Ba, and M2 is Zr, and x, y, and n respectively are within the ranges of: 0.25?x?1.00; 0.85?y?1.10; and 0.01?n?0.10. Alternatively, M2 is any one of Sn and Hf, and x, y, and n respectively are within the ranges of: 0.25?x?1.00; 0.90?y?1.05; and 0.01?n?0.10.

Abstract: A winding method for pole changeable stator is provided by determining a plurality of classification conditions according to plural types of pole, a plural phases, and current characteristic of the winding coupled to each slot of the stator before and after the pole change, coupling the winding of each slot meeting each classification condition thereby obtaining a plurality of winding groups respectively corresponding to the plurality of classification conditions, and, finally, coupling the plurality of winding groups by a plurality of switching elements so as to form a pole changeable stator.

Abstract: An electromechanical actuator includes a first system and a second system. The first system includes a first motor and a first movable element capable of being moved back and forth in an axial direction of a rod. The second system includes a second motor and a second movable element capable of being moved back and forth in the axial direction of the rod. The electromechanical actuator is capable of adjusting a stroke length which is a distance between the first driving section set to or in the proximity of an end portion of the first movable element and the second driving section set to or in the proximity of an end portion of the second movable element. The first movable element and second movable element are configured for back and forth movement in the axial direction of the common rod.

Abstract: A modular furniture system is described. The system includes a base component having a cavity and at least one base connector, at least one flexible side panel adapted to connect to the base component, each flexible side panel including at least one first connecting region adapted to be secured to the cavity of the base component and at least one second connecting region, a top support component comprising a cavity adapted to be secured to the at least one second connecting region, and a lid adapted to be coupled to the top support component. A modular furniture device is also described. The device includes a base component and top support component, each with at least one cavity and multiple slots, and at least one side panel. Each side panel includes multiple connecting regions with tabs able to be connected to slots included in the base or top support component.

Abstract: A protective enclosure for an electronic device can include a structural layer having a plurality of openings. The structural layer can provide rigidity to the protective enclosure. The protective enclosure can include a flexible cushion layer disposed over an outer surface of the structural layer. The flexible cushion layer can provide cushioning to the protective enclosure and can include a plurality of protrusions extending through the plurality of openings in the structural layer inward toward an interior of the protective enclosure. The plurality of protrusions can be configured to make contact with an electronic device when installed in the protective enclosure.

Abstract: A locking element for locking of a panel cover on a module rail includes a bearing block with a flat mounting surface and threaded holes for mounting on the inside of the panel cover and a slide lock, which is mounted to move on the bearing block and has a locking tab. A sliding mechanism moves the slide lock from a locked position, in which the locking tab engages beneath the module rail, to a release position and vice versa. An actuating screw forms a rotary actuator, which can be activated through a hole in panel cover when the locking element is engaged.

Abstract: A server includes a chassis and two cable organizers. The chassis includes an end wall, and a number of cables connected to an outer surface of the end wall. The cable organizers are mounted to opposite ends of the end wall. An opening is defined in each cable organizer, for allowing a palm of an operator to extend through. A number of substantially C-shaped cutouts is defined in each cable organizer in communication with the corresponding opening, for allowing the cables to engage in.

Abstract: An air conditioning unit is provided including a base pan having at least one hole surrounded by a first embossment including a first inclined sidewall and a first top wall. A mounting plate is positioned adjacent a portion of the base pan. The mounting plate has at least one opening surrounded by a second embossment including a second inclined sidewall and a second top wall. The at least one opening is generally aligned with the at least one hole. The second embossment overlays the first embossment such that a gap exists between the second inclined sidewall and the first inclined sidewall.

Abstract: An equipment cabinet system for housing heat producing computing equipment. The system includes a rectangular shaped cabinet having an interior space defined between opposing top and bottom walls, opposing inner and outer side walls, and opposing front and rear doors. Disposed within the interior space are racks for supporting the computer equipment. The cabinet inner side wall includes an air inlet and an air outlet for air flow into and out of the cabinet interior space. A blower assembly is mounted on the front door disposed within the cabinet interior space, and an airflow directing baffle is provided on the rear door to deflect air flow horizontally towards the first air outlet. A cooling unit having an air-to-fluid heat exchanger provides cold air flow into the interior space of the cabinet and extracts heated air from the interior space of the cabinet.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus and a controlling method thereof are provided. A fastened mechanism of the electronic apparatus is configured to secure a first housing and a second housing of the electronic apparatus. An operating object within a sensing range is sensed via a first sensor unit. A first sensing signal is sent to a control unit when the sensor unit sensed the operating object within the sensing range. A control signal is sent to the fastened mechanism for unlocking the fastened mechanism when the control unit receives the first sensing signal.

Abstract: Drawer side wall having an inner wall and an outer wall which can be connected to the inner wall, wherein a container rail is provided, it being possible for the drawer side wall to be connected to said container rail, wherein an upwardly protruding front projection with a device for attachment of a drawer front panel is arranged on the container rail, wherein the inner wall is directly firmly connected to the container rail in a lower region, and wherein the front projection is directly firmly connected, preferably by welding, to the inner wall in an upper region of the inner wall.

Abstract: A refrigerator including an extractable container, and a conveying unit formed in an inner space of a vertical wall of the extractable container.

Abstract: A hinge including a device bracket, a door bracket, a first arm, a second arm, and a door stop is provided. The device bracket mounts to a device surface. The door bracket mounts to a door surface of a door. The first arm is mounted for rotation about a first pin and a second pin. The second arm is mounted for rotation about a third pin and a fourth pin. The first pin and third pin are mounted to the device bracket, and the second pin and fourth pin are mounted to the door bracket. The first pin is closer to an axis of rotation of the door than the third pin when the door is in a closed position. The door stop is mounted to the second arm and positioned to contact the first arm when the door is opened to a selected angle.

Abstract: A spark plug has a center electrode and an earth electrode. The center electrode is faced to the earth electrode so that a spark discharging gap is formed between the center electrode and the earth electrode. An electrode chip is formed on at least one of the center electrode and the earth electrode. The electrode chip has a composition comprised of 40 to 60 mol % of aluminum and iridium as a remainder thereof. In the composition of the electrode chip, it is possible to replace part of the iridium with 1 to 20 mol % of at least one metal selected from nickel, iron, cobalt, platinum and rhodium.

Abstract: A vacuum tube that may include but is not limited to a plurality of electrodes. A first electrode of the plurality of electrodes may be configured to operatively connect to an electrical source. A second electrode of the plurality of electrodes may be configured to operatively connect to a first load of a plurality of loads, wherein the first electrode may be configured to complete a first circuit through the second electrode and the first load. A third electrode of the plurality of electrodes may be configured to operatively connect to a second load of the plurality of loads that is independent from the first load, wherein the first electrode may be configured to complete a second circuit through the third electrode and the second load.

Abstract: According to one embodiment of the present invention, a light-emitting-device package comprises a wavelength-converting layer which is formed on a light-emitting-device chip, comprises a fluorescent body and crystallized glass, and converts the wavelength of the light generated from the light-emitting-device chip. Consequently, by making the refractive indices of the phosphor and the crystallized glass comprised in the wavelength-converting layer coincide, it is possible to reduce the scattering losses which occur when the refractive indices differ. As a result, it is possible to improve the light-extraction efficiency of the light-emitting-device package. Also, because the to light-emitting-device package uses the wavelength-converting layer comprising the phosphor and the crystallized glass, the processability and reliability are outstanding and it is possible to reduce the processing time when the light-emitting-device package is produced.

Abstract: An organic EL display unit applying a bottom-emission structure which takes light emitted from organic EL devices from the reverse side of a substrate on which pixel circuits are formed, includes: a color filter formed on the pixel circuit; and a metal wiring formed so as to surround the periphery of the color filter, wherein the metal wiring is set to an anode potential of the organic EL device.

Abstract: Lighting devices having highly luminescent quantum dots are described. In an example, a lighting apparatus includes a housing structure or a substrate. The lighting apparatus also includes a light emitting diode supported within the housing structure or disposed on the substrate, respectively. The lighting apparatus also includes a light conversion layer disposed above the light emitting diode. The light conversion layer includes a plurality of quantum dots. Each quantum dot includes an anisotropic nanocrystalline core having a first semiconductor material and having an aspect ratio between, but not including, 1.0 and 2.0. Each quantum dot also includes a nanocrystalline shell having a second, different, semiconductor material at least partially surrounding the anisotropic nanocrystalline core.

Abstract: An organic light emitting diode device includes a first electrode, a light emitting member on the first electrode, a second electrode on the light emitting member, which second electrode includes a first material, a protective member on the second electrode, which the protective member includes a second material having a larger absolute value of a standard oxidation potential than that of the first material, and a thin film encapsulating layer on the protective member.

Abstract: Instead of sealing together the upper and lower panels of a display device with only a solid-filled sealing material, a vacuum region is provided in suction-force-applying communication with at least one of the panels and anchored to the other so as to pull the panels together due to pressure difference with and ambient atmosphere. The display device includes: a vacuum region defined by a pair of spaced apart, resilient and gas impermeable support barriers formed to integrally extend from at least one of the upper and lower panels of the display device and having the other end in vacuum region closing contact with the other display panel where the vacuum region is positioned in a peripheral area of the display device.

Abstract: A RF accelerator system includes an accelerator, a RF source coupled to the accelerator for providing RF power to the accelerator, a control for adjusting a frequency of the RF power provided by the RF source through a frequency range, and a sensor for sensing a response resulted from an operation of the accelerator based at least in part on the adjusted frequency of the RF power through the frequency range. A method of diagnosing a RF spectrum in an accelerator system includes providing RF power to an accelerator, adjusting a frequency of the RF power through a frequency range, and sensing a response resulted from an operation of the accelerator, the response being based at least in part on the adjusted frequency of the RF power through the frequency range.

Abstract: A multi-strike ballast to ignite an electrodeless lamp is disclosed, and includes an inverter circuit, a protection circuit, and a controller. The inverter circuit, upon activation, sends an ignition pulse to the lamp. The inverter circuit shuts down upon receiving a deactivation signal, and activates upon receiving an activation signal, triggering another ignition pulse. The protection circuit senses a change in a voltage associated with the lamp. The sensed changed may indicate that the lamp has not yet ignited or that the lamp is broken. The controller receives the sensed change in voltage and, in response, sends a deactivation signal to the inverter circuit. The controller waits a predetermined time and then sends an activation signal to the inverter circuit. The controller repeats until a change in voltage associated with the lamp is not sensed, or until a predefined number of repeats occur, providing multiple ignition pulses to the lamp.

Abstract: An actuation device (4) for a lighting device (3) of a motor vehicle (1), which includes at least one LED associated with a turn signal and at least one LED associated with another type of light, in particular a daytime running light and/or a position light, and a common optical system (10) for the types of light, wherein the actuation device (4) has a single DC/DC converter (11) used for both the LEDs of the turn signal and for the LEDs of the other type of light, as well as a control unit (12) for controlling the DC/DC converter (11) in response to a control signal.

Abstract: A program-start ballast (100) that is connectable to a lamp (150) with a filament (151) is disclosed. The ballast includes a heating unit (170) arranged to heat the filament (151), a receiver (180) arranged to receive a signal to turn the lamp (150) on or off, and a control circuit (160) arranged to turn the lamp (150) on or off based upon an output of the receiver (180). The heating unit (160) is further arranged to heat the filament (151) before the signal to turn the lamp on is received by the receiver (180) and keep the filament (151) heated after the signal to turn off the lamp is received by the receiver (180).