Abstract: An apparatus and method is characterized by providing an optical transfer function between a predetermined illuminated surface pattern, such as a street light pattern, and a predetermined energy distribution pattern of a light source, such as that from an LED. A lens is formed having a shape defined by the optical transfer function. The optical transfer function is derived by generating an energy distribution pattern using the predetermined energy distribution pattern of the light source. Then the projection of the energy distribution pattern onto the illuminated surface is generated. The projection is then compared to the predetermined illuminated surface pattern to determine if it acceptably matches. The process continues reiteratively until an acceptable match is achieved.

Abstract: A lighting assembly, and a replaceable lighting element for use with such an assembly, includes a first illumination element comprising a flexible, planar, illuminating material. The lighting assembly also includes a base operable to couple the first illumination element to a socket and an interface physically and electrically coupling the first illumination element to the base. The replaceable lighting element includes an interface configured to removably couple the lighting element to a base both physically and electrically.

Abstract: Slotted heatsinks comprise a base containing a plurality of slots adapted to removably secure light emitting devices, wherein each of said slots comprises at least four cavities; and a plurality of fins adjacent to and/or on top of said slots for removing heat generated by the light emitting devices. The slots may have a t-shaped or +-shaped cross section. Opposing sidewalls may also be provided together with one or more active cooling devices and various covers for the components. Related systems and methods are also provided. When combined with a suitable light source, such devices are useful for a wide range of applications, including, for example, as aquarium or grow lights.

Abstract: In a lighting package, a printed circuit board supports at least one light emitting die. A light transmissive cover is disposed over the at least one light emitting die. A phosphor is disposed on or inside of the light transmissive dome-shaped cover. The phosphor outputs converted light responsive to irradiation by the at least one light emitting die. An encapsulant substantially fills an interior volume defined by the light-transmissive cover and the printed circuit board.

Abstract: A LED package structure includes a substrate unit, a light-emitting unit, a support unit, a lens unit, an input unit and a control unit. The light-emitting unit includes at least one light-emitting element electrically connected to the substrate unit. The support unit includes a support element disposed on the substrate unit and surrounding the light-emitting element. The lens unit includes an electrically-controlled zoom lens disposed above the light-emitting element and retained by the support element. The input unit includes a signal input module for providing a predetermined voltage signal. The control unit includes a voltage controlling module electrically connected between the electrically-controlled zoom lens and the signal input module.

Abstract: A light beam adjusting structure for a Light Emitting Diode (LED) lamp includes a rotary sleeve and a lens fixing base which are mounted in a containing trough of a housing of the LED lamp. The rotary sleeve has at least one longitudinal slot and an annular boss. The lens fixing base includes a lens mounted at a front end thereof and a protrusion corresponding to the longitudinal slot. An LED chip is mounted at the bottom of the containing trough. The side wall of the containing trough has an engaging groove and at least one spiral groove. The engaging groove is close to the bottom of the containing trough. By adopting the above-mentioned solution, a user only needs to turn the rotary sleeve and thus can control the longitudinal movement of the lens to focus, whose operation is convenient and saves labors.

Abstract: One or more light emitting diode diodes (LEDs) are attached to a printed circuit board. The attached LEDs are connectable with a power source via circuitry of the printed circuit board. An overmolding material is insert molded an over at least portions of the printed circuit board proximate to the LEDs to form a free standing high thermal conductivity material overmolding that covers at least portions of the printed circuit board proximate to the LEDs. The free standing high thermal conductivity material has a melting temperature greater than about 100 ° C. and has a thermal conductivity greater than or about 1 W/m·K. In some embodiments, the free standing high thermal conductivity material is a thermoplastic material.

Abstract: Disclosed is a luminaire including a luminaire housing, a lamp or ballast disposed at least partially within the luminaire housing, a first control input disposed at least partially internal to or integral with the luminaire housing, a second control input disposed external to the luminaire housing, and connection components configured to associate the lamp or ballast with the first control input and the second control input.

Abstract: A synthetic jet assembly includes a synthetic jet having a cavity and an opening formed therein. The synthetic jet assembly also includes an actuator element coupled to a second surface of the body to selectively cause displacement of the second surface, and a control unit electrically coupled to the actuator element. The control unit is configured to transmit a multi-frequency drive signal to the actuator element, the multi-frequency drive signal comprising a cooling frequency component and an acoustic frequency component superimposed on the cooling frequency component. The cooling frequency component causes a cooling jet to eject from the opening of the body. The acoustic frequency component produces a desired audible output.

Abstract: A lighting assembly includes a base assembly configured to fit into a conventional light bulb socket. A separate bulb assembly is configured to interface with the base assembly, making the bulb and base assemblies selectively separable from one another. In some instances, a module configured to be connected to the base assembly provides a convenient means for adding or supplementing functionality to the lighting assembly. At least in some cases, the module is configured to take the place of the bulb assembly on the base assembly, and is configured to provide a separate interface to which the bulb assembly is coupled, such that the module is disposed intermediate the base assembly and the bulb assembly. In some instances, functionality associated with a lighting element of the lighting assembly is included in the base assembly or the bulb assembly.

Abstract: A lighting assembly includes a bulb assembly. The bulb assembly includes a stem projecting from the bulb base, and an illuminating element coupled to the stem. The bulb base is electrically coupled to the illuminating element. The base assembly is configured to be electrically coupled to the bulb base, and has an interface feature configured to be coupled to a power source. The illuminating element is capable of illumination when the interface feature is connected to the power source.

Abstract: A headlamp control apparatus is an apparatus for controlling a headlamp that can irradiate light ahead of a vehicle equipped with the apparatus and change a color of the light. The apparatus includes a color control unit that makes a color switching request to switch the color of the light emitted from the headlamp.

Abstract: A rubstrip for protecting an exposed surface, such as a surface in the interior of an aircraft. The rubstrip is configured to house a light source within its interior. In some embodiments, an exterior of the rubstrip is formed with at least one passageway configured to emit light from the light source. The rubstrip is configured both to protect the surface from damage and to protect the housed light source from damage.

Abstract: A modular micro-structure light-guide device, that composed of at least a micro-structure light guide unit. Each said micro-structure light guide unit comprises: a light source; a light coupling element, to transmit lights of said light source in parallel; and a light guide body, including at least two light incident surfaces, a micro-structure light uniformed region, a total reflection region, and a light exit surface. Wherein, said at least two light incident surfaces guide lights separately to said micro-structure light uniformed region and said total reflection region, and that reflects lights to exit from said light exit surface.

Abstract: The intent of this present invention referred to as the A.S.D. light system is to prevent rear end collisions and therefore improve safety and reduce fatalities on highways and streets. These tail lights indicate whether the vehicle Is accelerating, stopping or decelerating. The A.S.D. light System places an additional light on each side of a vehicle's existing high center brake light. To the immediate left of the brake light is a green light that indicates acceleration. To the immediate right of the brake light is an amber light that indicates deceleration. Although this invention has been described with respect to Specific embodiments, it is not intended to be limited thereto In it's various modifications which will become apparent to the person of ordinary skill in the art and is intended to fall within the spirit and scope of the inventor as described herein taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the appended claim herein.

Abstract: A luminant component is applied to the window frame of a motor vehicle. The component includes one or more electrically powered lights. According to the invention, the luminant component is visible from the outside of the window and through the window. The lights are electrically connected to the car's electrical system and can be illuminated to provide various signals, such as hazard warnings or directions signals.

Abstract: An LED-based photolithographic illuminator with high collection efficiency is disclosed. The illuminator utilizes an array of LEDs, wherein each LED has an LED die and a heat sink. The LED dies are imaged onto the input end of a homogenizer rod to substantially cover the input end without inclusion of the non-light-emitting heat sink sections of the LED. A microlens array is used to image the LED dies. The collection efficiency of the illuminator is better than 50% and the illumination uniformity at the output end of the light homogenizer is within +/?2%.

Abstract: A microstructure optical adapter or tip according to the present disclosure may incorporate precision micro structure optical components engaging the input or output end of light energy delivery devices for customized light delivery of the light energy. The incorporation of precision micro structure optical components in injection molded plastic or glass parts will allow for inexpensive modification of the output light while also serving to protect the end of the illumination device. The micro structure optical components may also be incorporated in an adapter to tailor the light energy to the subsequent device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a solid state lighting strip (100) for mounting in or on a panel support element (210) of a modular panel system (200). The strip comprises a plurality of solid state lighting elements (110, 110?), a light extraction layer (120) and a glare reducing layer (130). The solid state lighting elements are arranged such that the light emitted by said elements is coupled into the glare reducing layer via the light extraction layer. The solid state lighting strip (100) can be used as part of alighting system, a panel support element (210) and a modular panel system (200).

Abstract: Disclosed is a backlight unit. The backlight unit includes a light source, and a cover bottom internally accommodating the light source. Here, the cover bottom is divided into re-numbered (n>1) sub-cover bottoms, and a coupling unit for mutually fixing and coupling the divided cover bottoms is formed at ends of each of the cover bottoms facing each other.

Abstract: A backlight assembly includes: a light guide; a light source at one side of the light guide and separated from the light guide; a circuit board on which the light source is mounted; and a buffer member between the light guide and the circuit board. An opening is defined in the buffer member and exposes the light source.

Abstract: A light emitting device includes a film-based lightguide and coupling lightguides having ends stacked and aligned. In one embodiment, the light emitting device comprises a relative position maintaining element that extends beyond the light input surface defined by the stacked ends of an array of coupling lightguides. In another embodiment, a light emitting device comprises an alignment guide or cavity.

Abstract: A backlight unit with a light source, a light guiding plate, a reflective film and an anisotropic heat dissipation layer is disclosed. At least some embodiments provide a display panel including the backlight unit and methods for reducing the temperature of a backlight unit by the anisotropic heat dissipation layer.

Abstract: A backlight unit with a light source, a light guiding plate, a reflective film and an anisotropic heat dissipation layer is disclosed. At least some embodiments provide a display panel including the backlight unit and methods for reducing the temperature of a backlight unit by the anisotropic heat dissipation layer.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a light guide body includes a light guide plate and a prism array unit. The light guide plate has a major surface, a first side surface, and a second side surface on an opposite side to the first side surface. The prism array unit is provided on the major surface to be in contact with the major surface. The prism array unit includes a plurality of prism bodies. Each of the prism bodies extends along a first direction from the first side surface to the second side surface. The prism bodies are disposed to align along a second direction parallel to the major surface and perpendicular to the first direction. A vertex angle of the prism bodies is a substantially right angle. A refractive index of the prism bodies is higher than a refractive index of the light guide plate.

Abstract: A backlight assembly includes first LED packages, second LED packages, a light guide plate, a printed circuit board, and a light blocking member. Each of the first LED packages emits light of a first color. Each of the second LED packages emits light of a second color different from the first color. The first and the second LED packages are provided in the same number and alternately arranged with each other. The light guide plate receives an incident light from the first and the second LED packages to output an emission light, and the first and second LED packages are mounted on the printed circuit board. In addition, the light blocking member blocks the light generated from one of the first LED packages, which is located at an outermost portion of the printed circuit board, and travelling to the light guide plate.

Abstract: A light deflection film is provided, which includes an incident surface including a plurality of first prism structures, and an emission surface including a plurality of second prism structures. The first prism structure includes a first surface and a second surface, a first angle between the first surface and an X-axis is 0 to 20 degree, a second angle between the second surface and a Y-axis is 5 to 60 degree. The second prism structure comprises a third surface and a fourth surface, a third angle between the third surface and the X-axis is 0 to 20 degree, a fourth angle between the fourth surface and the Y-axis is 5 to 60 degree. Thus, as implemented in windows, the light deflection film may guide partial sunlight to a ceiling to increase ambient brightness, reduce the usage quantity of illumination devices, and avoid glare.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an assembly method for backlight module and assembly equipment thereof. The method includes: stacking reflector, light-guiding plate and optical film to form a component entirety and fixing the component entirety; fixing at least two main connection elements in head-to-tail manner to form a back plate on four sides around the component entirety so as to fix reflector, light-guiding plate and optical film to corresponding position on the back plate respectively. The method is suitable for realization with automatic equipment. Through automatic equipment to assemble backlight module, the assembly efficiency can be improved to reduce the labor required for backlight module assembly and reduce labor cost.

Abstract: In a general aspect, a charge transfer includes a transformer including a plurality of primary windings and a plurality of galvanically isolated secondary windings, a first plurality of resonant converters having input terminals connected in series to an input power terminal and having output terminals connected to different primary windings of the plurality of primary windings, a second plurality of resonant converters having input terminals connected to different secondary windings of the plurality of secondary windings and having output terminals connected to a galvanically isolated power terminal, and a control system for controlling a transfer of electric charge between the input power terminal and the galvanically isolated output power terminal including controlling a first plurality of switches of the first plurality of resonant converters and a second plurality of switches of the second plurality of resonant converters in a zero current soft switching mode.

Abstract: An energy efficient apparatus includes a switching device, a frequency dependent reactive device, and a control element is provided. The switching device is coupled to a source of electrical power and includes a pair of transistors and is adapted to receive a control signal and to produce an alternating current power signal. The frequency of the alternating current power signal is responsive to the control signal. The frequency dependent reactive device is electrically coupled to the pair of transistors for receiving the alternating current power signal and producing an output power signal. The frequency dependent reactive device is chosen to achieve a desired voltage of the output power signal relative to the frequency of the alternating current power signal. The control element senses an actual voltage of the direct current power signal and modifies the control signal delivered to achieve the desired voltage of the direct current power signal.

Abstract: A switching power supply is suitable for transforming AC input voltage to DC output voltage. The switching power supply includes a transformer, a power circuit, an output circuit, a switching element, a control element, a shielding element and a metal element. The power circuit is coupled to the primary side of the transformer to receive AC input voltage. The output circuit is coupled to the secondary side of the transformer to provide DC output voltage to the load. The switching element is coupled to the primary side of the transformer, and is coupled to the primary side ground. The control element is coupled to the switching element to control the switch of the switching element. The shielding element is surrounded onto the transformer, and is coupled to the primary side ground. The metal element is leaned against the switching element, and is coupled to the primary side ground.

Abstract: A power factor correction circuit includes an inductor L1, a diode D1, a switch Q3 and a controller 24. An input voltage Vin is applied to the inductor L1 which is cyclically discharged through the diode D1 by the operation of the switch Q3. The switch Q3 is controlled by the controller 24 which varies the on period of the switch Q3, during which the inductor is charged, for adjusting an output voltage Vbus towards a target value Vbus—target. The method includes obtaining an indication of the inductor L1 reaching a discharged state in response to the switch being in an off state. The controller 24 monitors at least one of the switch on period Ton and the switch off period Toff to identify when the input voltage Vin is an alternating voltage AC input, and when it is likely to be a non-alternating voltage DC input. When a non alternating voltage is detected, steps may be taken to reduce interference.

Abstract: A DC-DC converter transforms a DC input voltage to generate a DC output voltage by complementary switching control of a main switching transistor and a synchronous rectifying transistor. The DC-DC converter includes a soft-start circuit configured to generate a soft-start voltage rising from an initial voltage at start-up of the DC-DC converter; and a control circuit configured to control switching of the main switching transistor and the synchronous rectifying transistor based on the soft-start voltage to perform soft start of the DC-DC converter. The control circuit brings both of the main switching transistor and the synchronous rectifying transistor to an off state while the soft-start voltage is lower than the DC output voltage.

Abstract: A system and method for performing diagnostics in a medium voltage drive. The system includes a power cell and a bypass mechanism. The bypass mechanism is operably connected to output terminals of the power cell and configured to create a shunt path between the output terminals. The bypass mechanism includes a communication interface configured to transmit a bypass signal to a communication interface associated with the power cell in response to a state change. The method of performing diagnostics includes a controller transmitting an input voltage to a bypass mechanism of the power supply, thereby causing a state change of the bypass mechanism. The controller receives a signal from the power cell, wherein the signal indicates the power cell has detected the state change of the bypass mechanism. The controller then determines if the power cell is correctly associated with the bypass mechanism.

Abstract: A hybrid DC-to-AC conversion system includes a first DC input voltage, a second DC input voltage, a power conversion apparatus, and a comparison unit. The power conversion apparatus is connected in parallel to the first DC input voltage and the second DC input voltage to convert the first DC input voltage or the second DC input voltage into an AC output voltage. The comparison unit receives the AC output voltage and an external reference voltage. The comparison unit outputs a control signal to make the first DC input voltage supply a load when an absolute value of the AC output voltage is less than or equal to the external reference voltage, whereas the comparison unit outputs the control signal to make the second DC input voltage supply the load when the absolute value of the AC output voltage is greater than the external reference voltage.

Abstract: An energy efficient apparatus includes a switching device, a frequency dependent reactive device, and a control element is provided. The switching device is coupled to a source of electrical power and includes a pair of transistors and is adapted to receive a control signal and to produce an alternating current power signal. The frequency of the alternating current power signal is responsive to the control signal. The frequency dependent reactive device is electrically coupled to the pair of transistors for receiving the alternating current power signal and producing an output power signal. The frequency dependent reactive device is chosen to achieve a desired voltage of the output power signal relative to the frequency of the alternating current power signal. The control element senses an actual voltage of the direct current power signal and modifies the control signal delivered to achieve the desired voltage of the direct current power signal.

Abstract: A direct current to alternating current converter method and apparatus is disclosed that may comprise a direct current (DC) input source; an alternating current (AC) output inverter circuit, having an input connected across the DC input source; a partial power DC-DC boosting circuit intermediate to the DC input source and the DC input of the inverter stage, configured to increase the input voltage of the DC input source whenever the input voltage falls below a minimum required to synthesize an output waveform of a selected shape and a partial power DC-DC boosting circuit intermediate to the DC input source and the DC input of the inverter stage, configured to increase the input voltage of the DC input source during higher amplitude portions of inverter circuit output voltage waveform.

Abstract: There is provided a method and control system for reducing noise in a power converter by controlling a switching device in the power converter according to a modulation scheme. The switching device couples a direct current (DC) source to provide an alternating current (AC) output at a particular switching frequency. The method comprises the step of, in each switching period, switching the switching device between active configurations providing a finite voltage at the output and inactive configurations providing a zero voltage at the output. The ratio between the total period of time in which the switching device is in an active configuration and the total period of time in which the switching device is in an inactive configuration is the same for each switching period and is determined according to the desired voltage at the AC output.

Abstract: A method for balancing a voltage of an inverter determines an expected voltage of a capacitor based on a voltage of the capacitor at a start of a switching cycle and determines a duty cycle minimizing a value of an objective function representing a difference between the expected voltage of the capacitor and a desired voltage of the capacitor. A switching sequence controlling the inverter is selected based on the duty cycle.

Abstract: A reactor 1A includes a single coil 2 formed by spirally winding a wire 2w and a magnetic core 3 that is disposed inside and outside the coil 2 and forms a closed magnetic circuit. The magnetic core 3 includes an inner core portion 31 disposed inside the coil 2 and an outer core portion 32 disposed so as to cover the outer periphery of the coil 2. The outer core portion 32 is formed of a composite material containing a magnetic powder and a resin. In a section of this composite material, the maximum bubble diameter is 300 ?m or less. In the reactor 1A, the outer core portion 32 has a maximum bubble diameter of 300 ?m or less and, as a result, the loss is low and magnetic characteristics are less likely to be decreased.

Abstract: A system for ternary content addressable memory (TCAM) storage may include a TCAM having multiple entries and a processor that is communicatively coupled to the TCAM. The processor may be operative to receive a first numerical range and determine a first ternary representation of a second numerical range that encompasses the first numerical range. The processor may be further operative to determine a second ternary representation corresponding to at least one of a lower bound or an upper bound of the first numerical range. The processor may be further operative to store a combination of the first and second ternary representations in one of the entries of the TCAM. In one or more implementations, the numerical range may be a port range and the combination of the ternary representations may be stored in one of the entries of the TCAM as a portion of a packet classification rule.

Abstract: A stable operation is implemented by reducing an abnormal current. A variable resistance nonvolatile memory device includes: a memory cell array having memory cells each including a variable resistance element and a current steering element that are connected in series, each of the memory cells being located at a three-dimensional cross point of one of bit lines and one of word lines, and the current steering element being assumed to be conducting when a voltage exceeding a predetermined threshold voltage is applied; and a detection circuit that detects a faulty memory cell that is in a second low resistance state where a resistance value is lower than a resistance value in a first low resistance state. Both the bit line and the word line that are connected to the faulty memory cell detected by the detection circuit are fixed in the inactive state.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a device includes first and second memory mats. The first memory mat includes first and defective memory cells and first local bit lines coupled to a first global bit line. Each of the first local bit lines is coupled to associated ones of the first memory cells, one of the first local bit lines is further coupled to the defective memory cell. The second memory mat includes second and redundant memory cells and second local bit lines coupled to a second global bit line. Each of the second local bit lines is coupled to associated ones of the second memory cells, one of the second local bit lines is further coupled to the redundant memory cell. The device further includes a control circuit accessing the redundant memory cell when the access address information coincides with the defective address information that designates the defective memory cell.

Abstract: Nonvolatile memory apparatuses and methods of operating the same. A nonvolatile memory apparatus includes a nonvolatile memory cell array including a plurality of memory cells; an address decoder configured to receive computation data that indicates a computation from among a plurality of computations and an input data for computation, and the address decoder configured to output an address of the nonvolatile memory cell array corresponding to the indicated computation and input data, the nonvolatile memory cell array being configured to output result data stored at the output address, the result data corresponding to a previous computation performed before receipt of the computation data; and a reading unit configured to read the result data output from the nonvolatile memory cell array.

Abstract: A one-time programmable memory array includes a first row conductor extending in a first row direction and disposed at a first elevation, a second row conductor extending in a second row direction and disposed at a second elevation and a column conductor extending in a column direction and disposed adjacent to the first row conductor and adjacent to the second row conductor. The array also includes a dielectric layer covering at least a portion of the column conductor, a fuse link coupled between the dielectric layer on the column conductor and the second row conductor.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a one-time programmable (OTP) device comprises a memory FinFET in parallel with a sensing FinFET. The memory FinFET and the sensing FinFET share a common source region, a common drain region, and a common channel region. The memory FinFET is programmed by having a ruptured gate dielectric, resulting in the sensing FinFET having an altered threshold voltage and an altered drain current. A method for utilizing such an OTP device comprises applying a programming voltage for rupturing the gate dielectric of the memory FinFET thereby achieving a programmed state of the memory FinFET, and detecting by the sensing FinFET the altered threshold voltage and the altered drain current due to the programmed state of the memory FinFET.

Abstract: The invention is an electronic device including a ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM), a first supply voltage domain, a second supply voltage domain and a low drop output voltage regulator (LDO) receive a first supply voltage of the first supply voltage domain and providing a second supply voltage of the second supply voltage domain. The second supply voltage domain supplies the FRAM. The LDO switches between a first state providing and maintaining the second supply voltage of the second supply voltage domain and a second state providing a high impedance output to the second supply voltage domain. The electronic device switches the LDO from the first state to the second state in response to a failure of the first supply voltage domain.

Abstract: A memory array is organized into rows and columns of resistive elements and is disclosed to include a resistive element to be read or to be written thereto. Further, a first access transistor is coupled to the resistive element and to a first source line and a second access transistor is coupled to the resistive element and to a second source line, the resistive element being coupled at one end to the first and second access transistors and at an opposite end to a bit line. The memory array further has other resistive elements that are each coupled to the bit line. The resistive element is written to while one or more of the other resistive elements are being read.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a semiconductor memory device has: a memory cell array formed by stacking through insulation layers a plurality of memory mats which each have a plurality of first lines, a plurality of second lines and a plurality of resistance varying memory cells provided at intersection portions of the pluralities of first lines and second lines; and an accessing circuit which applies voltages to the memory cell array. A number of the first lines included in the memory mat is greater than a number of the second lines. When the accessing circuit accesses the selected memory cell, the accessing circuit selects a plurality of first lines and a second line connected to selected memory cells to which the accessing circuit needs to be connected and judges data stored in the selected memory cells according to currents flowing to the selected memory cells.

Abstract: There is provided a storage unit including: a storage device configured to store a resistance state, the resistance state being changeable between a first state and a second state; and a driving section, when setting the resistance state to the first state, applying a first pulse having a first polarity to the storage device, the driving section, when setting the resistance state to the second state, applying a second pulse having a second polarity to the storage device, then temporarily applying a third pulse having the first polarity, and applying the second pulse again, the first polarity and the second polarity differing from each other.