Abstract: A thermoplastic polymer advanceable by solid state polymerization is blended with at least one dissimilar thermoplastic polymer, or an organic or inorganic particulate filler. The blend is solid state polymerized to provide a modified polymer alloy or filled polymer blend having at least one physical or chemical property different from that of the blend before solid state polymerization. A substrate is coated with an adherent layer of the modified polymer alloy or filled polymer blend. The modified polymer alloy or filled polymer blend may also be coextruded with a layer of thermoplastic extrusion polymer having a melt viscosity similar to that of the modified polymer alloy or filled polymer blend and applied to a substrate to form an adherent coating.

Abstract: Composite reinforcement (R-2) that is self-adhesive by curing to a diene rubber matrix, which can be used as reinforcing element for a tire, having one or more reinforcing thread(s) (20), for example a carbon steel cord; a first layer (21) of a thermoplastic polymer, the glass transition temperature of which is positive, for example 6,6 polyamide, covering the thread or the threads; and a second layer (22) having a functionalized unsaturated thermoplastic styrene elastomer, the glass transition temperature of which is negative, for example an epoxidized SBS elastomer, covering the first layer (21), the elastomer containing functional groups selected from epoxide, carboxyl and acid anhydride or ester groups. Process for manufacturing such a composite reinforcement and rubber article or semi-finished product, especially a tire, incorporating such a composite reinforcement.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an erosion and corrosion resistant coating comprising a metallic binder, a plurality of hard particles, and a plurality of sacrificial particles. Also disclosed is a method of improving erosion and corrosion resistance of a metal component comprising disposing on a surface of the metal component the foregoing erosion and corrosion resistant coating comprising, and a metal component comprising a metal component surface and the foregoing erosion and corrosion resistant coating comprising a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, wherein the first surface is disposed on the metal component surface.

Abstract: A steel wire having a stainless steel exterior; the steel wire includes a core region that comprises at least 55 wt. % iron which is metallurgically bonded to a stainless steel coating that consists of a stainless steel region and a bonding region. The stainless steel region can have a thickness of about 1 ?m to about 250 ?m, and a stainless steel composition that is approximately consistent across the thickness of the stainless steel region. The stainless steel composition includes an admixture of iron and about 10 wt. % to about 30 wt. % chromium. The bonding region is positioned between the stainless steel region and the core region, has a thickness that is greater than 1 ?m and less than the thickness of the stainless steel region, and has a bonding composition.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an oxidation resistant nanocrystalline coating and a method of forming an oxidation resistant nanocrystalline coating. An oxidation resistant coating comprising an MCrAl(Y) alloy may be deposited on a substrate, wherein M, includes iron, nickel, cobalt, or combinations thereof present greater than 50 wt % of the MCrAl(Y) alloy, chromium is present in the range of 15 wt % to 30 wt % of the MCrAl(Y) alloy, aluminum is present in the range of 6 wt % to 12 wt % of the MCrAl(Y) alloy and yttrium, is optionally present in the range of 0.1 wt % to 0.5 wt % of the MCrAl(Y) alloy. In addition, the coating may exhibit a grain size of 200 nm or less as deposited.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent device includes a light-emitting layer containing at least one host material and at least one luminescent dopant serving as a guest. The host material is a polymer having repeating units linked to each other by non-conjugated bonds and the luminescent dopant is a ?-conjugated oligomer.

Abstract: Provided is an organic electroluminescent element comprising a substrate having thereon an anode, a cathode, and a plurality of organic layers sandwiched between the anode and the cathode, wherein the plurality of organic layers comprise: a light emitting layer containing a phosphorescence emitting compound; and an electron transport layer containing a compound represented by Formula (1), (Ar1)n1-Y1??Formula (1) wherein n1 is an integer of 1 or more; Y1 is a substituent when n1 is 1, and Y1 is a single bond or a linking group of n1 valences when n1 is two or more; Ar1 is a group represented by Formula (A), a plurality of Ar1 may be the same or different with each other when n1 is two or more; and the compound represented by Formula (1) contains at least two condensed aromatic heterocyclic rings each comprising 3 or more rings condensed with each other.

Abstract: A substance having a hole-transport, property and a wide band gap is provided. A heterocyclic compound represented by a general formula (G1) is provided. In the formula, ?1 and ?2 separately represent a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 13 carbon atoms; n and k separately represent 0 or 1; Q1 and Q2 separately represent sulfur or oxygen; and R1 to R22 separately represent hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Provided are an organic compound having high heat stability suitable for use in an organic light-emitting device, and an organic light-emitting device using the organic compound. The organic light-emitting device is an organic light-emitting device, including: an anode; a cathode; and an organic compound layer disposed between the anode and the cathode, in which at least one layer of the organic compound layer has a 6,12-dinaphthylchrysene derivative represented by one of the following general formulae (1) and (2): in the formulae (1) and (2), Z represents a naphthyl group, and Q represents an electron-withdrawing substituent selected from the group consisting of the following general formulae (3) to (5): in the formula (5), R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.

Abstract: A method is provided for changing the visible light transmittance of a coated article having a functional coating having at least one anti-reflective material and at least one infrared reflective material. The anti-reflective material includes an alloying material capable of combining or alloying with the infrared reflective material. A protective coating is deposited over the functional coating to prevent or retard the diffusion of atmospheric gas and/or vapor into the functional coating. The coated article is heated to a temperature sufficient to cause at least some of the alloying material to combine with at least some of the infrared reflective material to form a substance having a different visible light transmittance than the infrared reflective material.

Abstract: The spin injection source comprises a nonmagnetic conductor, an MgO film, and a ferromagnet, and injects spin from the ferromagnet to the nonmagnetic conductor. The MgO film is annealed at temperature of between 300° C. and 500° C. The annealing duration is preferably between 30 and 60 minutes. By annealing, the oxygen vacancies increases and the electric resistance of MgO film decreases. And thus the spin injection efficiency in the spin injection source improves.

Abstract: A magnetoresistive element (and method of fabricating the magnetoresistive element) that includes a free ferromagnetic layer comprising a first reversible magnetization direction directed substantially perpendicular to a film surface, a pinned ferromagnetic layer comprising a second fixed magnetization direction directed substantially perpendicular to the film surface, and a nonmagnetic insulating tunnel barrier layer disposed between the free ferromagnetic layer and the pinned ferromagnetic layer, wherein the free ferromagnetic layer, the tunnel barrier layer, and the pinned ferromagnetic layer have a coherent body-centered cubic (bcc) structure with a (001) plane oriented, and a bidirectional spin-polarized current passing through the coherent structure in a direction perpendicular to the film surface reverses the magnetization direction of the free ferromagnetic layer.

Abstract: A method for forming a glass substrate comprises the steps of forming a glass blank with opposing substantially planar surfaces and at least one edge, coating the glass blank in silica-alumina nanoparticles, the silica-alumina nanoparticles comprising an inner core of silica with an outer shell of alumina, annealing the coated glass blank to form a conformal coating of silica-alumina around the glass blank, and polishing the coated glass blank to remove the conformal coating of silica-alumina from the opposing substantially planar surfaces thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for providing an integrated electrochemical and solar cell. In one embodiment of the invention, an electrochemical cell with a self supporting ceramic cathode layer is electrically connected to a solar cell. In another embodiment of the invention, an electrochemical cell with a self supporting anode is provided. The present invention also contemplates methods of manufacturing the integrated electrochemical and solar cell wherein such methods provide weight savings and streamlined manufacturing procedures through the use of self supporting cathodes and anodes.

Abstract: An air battery system has a sealed air battery cell (10) having: an air electrode having an air electrode layer (4) containing a conductive material and an air electrode power collector (6) for collecting electric power from the air electrode layer; a negative electrode having a negative electrode layer (3) containing an negative electrode active material that adsorbs and releases metal ions and a negative electrode power collector (2) for collecting electric power from the negative electrode layer; a separator (7) provided between the air electrode layer and the negative electrode layer; and a sealed air battery case (1a, 1b). The air battery system also has a depressurization portion (20) that reduces the internal pressure of the sealed air battery cell to below the atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: A rechargeable battery including an electrode assembly including a first electrode plate, a second electrode plate, and a separator between the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate; a first collector plate electrically connected to the first electrode plate and including a fuse unit therein; a second collector plate electrically connected to the second electrode plate; and a case housing the electrode assembly, the first collector plate, and the second collector plate, the fuse unit being formed of a first material, and regions of the first collector plate other than the fuse unit being formed of a second material different from the first material.

Abstract: A useful lifetime of an energy storage device can be extended by providing a series connection of a battery cell and an self-programming fuse. A plurality of series connections of a battery cell and an self-programming fuse can then be connected in a parallel connection to expand the energy storage capacity of the energy storage device. Each self-programming fuse can be a strip of a metal semiconductor alloy material, which electromigrates when a battery cell is electrically shorted and causes increases in the amount of electrical current therethrough. Thus, each self-programming fuse is a self-programming circuit that opens once the battery cell within the same series connection is shorted.

Abstract: A battery unit with a stack of flat cells, with cooling sheets between adjacent cells. The cooling sheets at an upper end thereof have at least one bended edge, with the edges of adjacent cooling sheets being aligned spatially in the same direction. The bended edges of adjacent cooling sheets partially overlap in order to form die gaps which are also aligned spatially in the same direction.

Abstract: In an alkaline battery in which an opening of a battery case 1 containing a power-generating element is sealed via a sealing plate 7 with a gasket 5 interposed between the battery case 1 and the sealing plate 7, the sealing plate 7 has a vent 7a, the gasket 5 has an explosion-proof valve 5a, an electrolyte filter 9 made of a porous membrane is disposed in a space defined by the sealing plate 7 and the gasket 5, a volume of a space defined by the sealing plate 7 and the electrolyte filter 9 is greater than or equal to 0.25 cm3, and a tensile stress of the electrolyte filter 9 at 100% tensile elongation in at least one direction is in a range of 60-4000 N/m.

Abstract: Disclosed is a battery device including a battery enclosure incorporating a battery cell. The battery device further includes an output terminal that outputs power of the battery cell. The battery enclosure includes a first surface, a second surface, a first step surface, a second step surface, a first engaging portion, a second engaging portion, a first groove, and a second groove formed in the second step surface and the second engaging portion, and a recess is provided in at least one of the first step surface and the second step surface.

Abstract: A device for cooling a vehicle battery is provided that includes a plurality of electrical storage elements, and a cooling element having ducts for a fluid to flow through, wherein the electrical storage elements are in thermal contact with the cooling elements and heat can be transmitted from the storage elements to the fluid, and wherein the cooling element which comprises the ducts is embodied as at least one extruded profile.

Abstract: Battery 1, comprising at least a battery cell 2, which is arranged within a battery housing 3, characterized in that the battery housing 3 is partially filled with a cooling liquid 4. Method for cooling of said battery, wherein at least a portion of the cooling liquid 4 is evaporated.

Abstract: A battery cell module includes a battery cell, a sliding repeating element, and a guide rail. The repeating element is disposed adjacent the battery cell. A gap is defined between the battery cell and the repeating element. The repeating element has a main body with at least one spacer coupled thereto. The guide rail cooperates with the at least one spacer and permits the repeating element to move with an expansion of the battery cell. The cooperation of the guide rail with the at least one spacer thereby militates against an overcompression of the battery cell.

Abstract: A cathode terminal includes a cathode collector foil connector connected to the blank of a cathode collector foil, a cathode terminal external lead-out portion, and an intra-cell cathode terminal radiator located between the cathode collector foil connector and the cathode terminal external lead-out portion and covering approximately half of one of the wide side surfaces of a flat-wound electrode portion. An anode terminal includes an anode collector foil connector connected to the blank of an anode collector foil, an anode terminal external lead-out portion, and an in-cell anode terminal radiator located between the anode collector foil connector and the anode terminal external lead-out portion and substantially covering a remaining portion of the one of the wider side surfaces of the flat-wound electrode portion.

Abstract: A battery pack has multiple wall-shaped projecting portions, which are provided on side surfaces of battery cells perpendicular to a layer direction X, extend in a flow direction of cooling fluid and arranged in a direction perpendicular to the flow direction of the cooling fluid, to form fluid passages between neighboring battery cells. It further has multiple enlarged projecting portions, which are provided at intermediate portions of the wall-shaped projecting portions extending in the flow direction of the cooling fluid and brought into contact with the neighboring battery cells to receive action force therefrom. An outer dimension of the enlarged projecting portions in the direction, in which the multiple wall-shaped projecting portions are arranged, is made larger than a thickness dimension of the wall-shaped projecting portions.

Abstract: An electric storage apparatus includes a plurality of electric storage components, and a holder holding each of the electric storage components at both end portions of each of the electric storage components in a longitudinal direction. The holder includes a plurality of guide portions provided within an orthogonal plane orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the electric storage component and configured to move both end portions of each of the electric storage components toward a predetermined holding position, and an opening portion formed at one end of each of the guide portions and configured to insert the end portion of the electric storage component into the guide portion.

Abstract: An inorganic material based surface-mediated cell (SMC) comprising (a) a cathode comprising a non-carbon-based inorganic cathode active material having a surface area to capture and store lithium thereon; (b) an anode comprising an anode current collector alone or both an anode current collector and an anode active material; (c) a porous separator; (d) a lithium-containing electrolyte in physical contact with the two electrodes, wherein the cathode has a specific surface area no less than 100 m2/g which is in direct physical contact with said electrolyte to receive lithium ions therefrom or to provide lithium ions thereto; and (e) a lithium source. This inorganic SMC provides both high energy density and high power density not achievable by supercapacitors and lithium-ion cells.

Abstract: A battery cell tab is described. The battery cell tab is anodized on one end and has a metal coating on the other end. Battery cells and methods of making battery cell tabs are also described.

Abstract: A rechargeable battery including an electrode assembly having a first electrode and a second electrode; a case housing the electrode assembly; a cap plate coupled to the case; a terminal electrically connected to the electrode assembly and protruding from the cap plate; a connecting member on the cap plate, the connecting member including a body, a first short-circuit tab within the body and electrically connected to the first electrode, and a second short-circuit tab within the body and electrically connected to the second electrode; and a short-circuit member spaced from the first short-circuit tab and the second short-circuit tab.

Abstract: A pouch-type lithium secondary battery including: an electrode assembly; and a case to house the electrode assembly, including first and second case portions. The first case portion includes a receiving part to receive the electrode assembly, and a wing part extending from the receiving part. The second case portion includes an outer part that is sealed to the wing part, and an extension part that extends from the outer part and is folded toward the wing part.

Abstract: A multi-functional, laminated composite comprises a plurality of cloth layers (3) penetrated by an infused matrix, wherein at least one cell (1) for energy storage is supported by and integrally built up from at least one of the cloth layers (3), the cell (1) being embedded in the matrix. The cell may comprise first and second electrodes (6,7) separated by a porous, separator layer (2) that has a liquid electrolyte-permeable, matrix-free intra-electrode region to which the electrolyte (2?) may be added before or after resin infusion to activate the cell. The structural composite may have integrated energy storage comprising a lithium-ion rechargeable cell, optionally of printed construction.

Abstract: A compact implantable medical assembly is comprised of a medical device connected to an electrochemical cell. The medical device is comprised of a housing enclosing at least one electrical circuit and including an end having a perimeter edge and a contact opening therethrough. The electrochemical cell is comprised of a casing having a sidewall extending to a distal end and a proximal end forming a proximal opening. The proximal casing end is joined to the medical device housing. A glass-to-metal seal supports a terminal pin extending from within the casing through the proximal casing opening and through the contact opening in the end of the housing. The terminal pin is connected to the electrical circuit contained within the housing. That way the cell serves as the power source for the medical device with both the cell and medical device being exposed to body fluid.

Abstract: A secondary battery and a method of manufacturing the same, the secondary battery including a bare cell for charging and discharging electricity; a protective circuit module for protecting the bare cell; an upper case, the upper case being coupled to the protective circuit module and disposed at an upper part of the bare cell; a protective film surrounding an external surface of the bare cell; and a resin molding unit disposed in the protective film, in the upper case, and in a lower part and on a bottom surface of the bare cell.

Abstract: The present invention provides a battery including a rivet either inserted into a through hole defined in a lid of a battery case with gaskets and interposed therebetween, the rivet connecting a current collector connected to a power generating element within the battery case and an external terminal. One end of the rivet in the axial direction is connected to the current collector, and provided with a tubular portion recessed in the axial direction, the tubular portion is defined in one of such manners that a bottom surface of the tubular portion reaches the lid of the battery case and that the bottom surface is positioned on a side of the other end beyond the lid of the battery case, and a thickness of the tubular portion increases from the one end toward the other end.

Abstract: A rechargeable battery includes an electrode assembly; a case having an opening and in which the electrode assembly is installed; a cap plate combined to the opening and sealing the case; at least one electrode terminal electrically connected with the electrode assembly; a lower gasket disposed between the cap plate and the electrode terminal, and having an end portion disposed at a lower portion of the cap plate and including a first inclined side forming an acute angle or obtuse angle with respect to a side of the cap plate; and a lower insulating member provided in the case, and having an end portion disposed adjacent to the end portion of the lower gasket in a lower portion of the cap plate and including a second inclined side forming an acute angle or an obtuse angle with respect to the side of the cap plate.

Abstract: A battery unit and a battery pack including the battery unit having reduced resistance along the leads. The battery unit includes a battery unit including an electrode assembly arranged within a pouch and lead tabs extending to an outside of the pouch and being electrically connected to the electrode assembly, a frame to support the battery unit, the frame including a first portion to accommodate the pouch of the battery unit and a second portion to accommodate the lead tabs, lead members arranged between the lead tabs and the second portion of the frame and a plurality of coupling members to mechanically couple together the lead tabs, the lead member and the second portion of the frame.

Abstract: By a method that includes coking a residue resulting from distillation of crude oil under reduced pressure and having API gravity of 1 to 5, an asphaltene content of 10 to 50%, a resin content of 5 to 30%, and a sulfur content of 1 to 12% to obtain coke, pulverizing the coke to obtain a carbon powder, and heating the carbon powder at 1000 to 3500 deg C., a graphite anode active material for use in a lithium secondary battery is obtained that has, in X-ray powder diffraction, d002 of not smaller than 0.3354 nm and not greater than 0.337 nm, Lc(004) of smaller than 100 nm, La(110) of not smaller than 100 nm, and a half width of the peak of a plane (101) at a diffraction angle (2?) of 44 degrees to 45 degrees of not smaller than 0.65 degree.

Abstract: Disclosed are a negative active material for a rechargeable lithium battery that includes a core including silicon oxide represented by the following Chemical Formula 1; and a surface-treatment layer surrounding the core and including metal oxide represented by the following Chemical Formula 2, a method of preparing the negative active material, and a rechargeable lithium battery including the negative active material. The metal of the metal oxide is included in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 20 wt % based on the total weight of the negative active material for a rechargeable lithium battery. SiOx??[Chemical Formula 1] MyOz??[Chemical Formula 2] In the above Chemical Formula 1 and 2, M, x, y, and z are the same as defined in the specification.

Abstract: A cathode of the lithium battery includes a composite film. The composite film includes a carbon nanotube film structure and a plurality of active material particles dispersed in the carbon nanotube film structure.

Abstract: A positive electrode active material includes: a secondary particle obtained upon aggregation of a primary particle that is a lithium complex oxide particle in which at least nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co) are solid-solved as transition metals, wherein an average composition of the whole of the secondary particle is represented by the following formula (1): LixCoyNizM1-y-zOb-aXa ??Formula (1) wherein an existent amount of cobalt (Co) becomes large from a center of the primary particle toward the surface thereof; and an existent amount of cobalt (Co) in the primary particle existing in the vicinity of the surface of the secondary particle is larger than an existent amount of cobalt (Co) in the primary particle existing in the vicinity of the center of the secondary particle.

Abstract: A primary electrochemical cell having an anode comprising lithium and a cathode comprising iron disulfide (FeS2) and carbon particles. The cell is balanced so that the anode is in theoretical capacity excess (mAmp-hrs) compared to the theoretical capacity of the cathode. The anode and cathode can be spirally wound with separator therebetween and inserted into the cell casing with electrolyte then added. The electrolyte comprises a lithium salt dissolved in organic solvent.

Abstract: The present invention provides a nonaqueous secondary battery with a high capacity, an excellent level of safety, and excellent charge-discharge cycle characteristics. The negative electrode contains, as negative electrode active materials, a graphite carbon material and a material containing Si as a constituent element, and the positive electrode includes, as a positive electrode active material, a lithium-containing composite oxide represented by the following general composition formula (1) and containing sulfur in a range of 0.01 mass % to 0.5 mass %: Li1+yMO2??(1) where y satisfies ?0.3?y<0.3, M represents a group of five or more elements including Ni, Co, Mn, Mg and at least one of Al, Ba, Sr, Ti and Zr, and when a, b, c and d represent Ni, Co, Mn, and Mg, respectively, in mol % and e represents a total of Al, Ba, Sr, Ti and Zr in mol % of all of the elements making up M, a, b, c, d, and e satisfy 70?a?97, 0.5<b<30, 0.5<c<30, 0.5<d<30, ?10<c?d<10, ?8?(c?d)/d?8, and e<10.

Abstract: A positive electrode active material containing a large number of crystal grains which contain, by 70 areal % or more, primary particles of non-octahedral shape, having particle diameters of 5 to 20 ?m, and composed of lithium manganate of spinel structure containing lithium and manganese as the constituent elements.

Abstract: The present invention provides a positive electrode active material that can suppress the necessity of performing sieving and is suitable for use in secondary batteries, particularly sodium secondary batteries. Also provided is a powder for a positive electrode active material as a raw material for the positive electrode active material. The powder for a positive electrode active material of the present invention comprises Mn-containing particles. In the cumulative particle size distribution on the volume basis of particles constituting the powder, D50, which is the particle diameter at a 50% cumulation measured from the smallest particle, is in the range of from 0.1 ?m to 10 ?m, and 90 vol % or more of the particles constituting the powder are in the range of from 0.3 times to 3 times D50. The powder for a positive electrode active material comprises Mn-containing particles, and 90 vol % or more of the particles constituting the powder are in the range of from 0.6 ?m to 6 ?m.

Abstract: Provided is a lithium transition metal oxide having an ?-NaFeO2 layered crystal structure, as a cathode active material for lithium secondary battery, wherein the transition metal includes a blend of Ni and Mn, an average oxidation number of the transition metals except lithium is +3 or higher, and the lithium transition metal oxide satisfies Equations 1 and 2: 1.0<m(Ni)/m(Mn)??(1) m(Ni2+)/m(Mn4+)<1??(2) wherein m(Ni)/m(Mn) represents a molar ratio of nickel to manganese and m(Ni2+)/m(Mn4+) represents a molar ratio of Ni2+ to Mn4+. The cathode active material of the present invention has a uniform and stable layered structure through control of oxidation number of transition metals to a level higher than +3, in contrast to conventional cathode active materials, thus advantageously exerting improved overall electrochemical properties including electric capacity, in particular, superior high-rate charge/discharge characteristics.

Abstract: Provided is a floating-type microbial fuel cell capable of effectively generating energy from organic contaminants of contaminated waters. The floating-type microbial fuel cell includes a cathode, an anode electrically connected to the cathode, and a floating unit connected to the cathode and/or the anode and floatable in a substrate solution, wherein the cathode is positioned at a region in the substrate solution having a dissolved oxygen concentration higher than that of a region at which the anode is positioned, and the anode is positioned at a region in the substrate solution having an amount of electrons generated by microorganisms larger than that of a region at which the cathode is positioned.

Abstract: A gas-supply passage (6) via which anode gas is supplied to a fuel cell unit (2) and a gas-discharge passage (12) via which anode gas is discharged from the fuel cell unit (2) are connected via a communication passage (30). Circulation pump (32) switches the communication state of the communication passage between a closed state and an opened state. Circulation pump (32) causes a gas flow from the gas-discharge passage to the gas-supply passage when the communication passage (30) is in the opened state. The communication passage (30) is normally closed, and it is opened when a predetermined condition related to the operation state of the fuel cell unit (2) is satisfied.

Abstract: A fuel cell system and method that enables warm-up power generation corresponding to the residual water volume in the fuel cell stack without using auxiliary devices for measuring the residual water volume in the fuel cell stack. A controller computes total generated electrical energy Q by integrating of the generated current detected by current sensor during the period from start-up to shutting down of the fuel cell system, and stores the result in total generated electrical energy storage part. Also, controller measures fuel cell temperature Ts at the last shutting down cycle with temperature sensor, and stores it in power generation shutting down temperature storage part.

Abstract: Provided is a method for shutting down an indirect internal reforming SOFC, in which reliable reforming, prevention of anode oxidative degradation, fuel saving and time saving are possible. Reforming catalyst layer temperature T is measured, and FkCALC is calculated; when FkCALC?FkE, T is measured, and FkCALC and FkMinCALC are calculated; if FkMinCALC?FkE, then the flow rate of the fuel supplied to the reformer is set to FkE and the method moves on to step D; if FkCALC?FkMinCALC<FkE, then C6 to C9 are performed in order; C6) the temperature of the reforming catalyst layer is increased; C7) T is measured, and FkCALC and FkMinCALC are calculated; C8) if FkCALC<FkE, then the flow rate of the fuel supplied to the reformer is set to FkMinCALC and the method returns to C6; C9) if FkCALC?FkE, then the flow rate of the fuel supplied to the reformer is set to FkE and the method moves on to D; D) the method waits for the anode temperature to fall below an oxidative degradation temperature.

Abstract: A fuel cell system capable of improving the voltage controllability of a converter provided in the system is provided. A controller judges whether or not a passing power of a DC/DC converter falls within a reduced response performance area for the number of active phases as of the present moment. When the controller determines that the passing power of the DC/DC converter falls within the reduced response performance area, the controller determines the number of phases which avoids the driving within the reduced response performance area, and outputs a command for switching to the determined number of phases (phase switching command) to the DC/DC converter.