Abstract: In a water purifier, a flow system includes a first channel in which liquid is filtrated in at least one of a first filter tank and a second filter tank, a second channel in which the liquid is filtrated in the second filter tank and the first filter tank is washed, and a third channel in which the liquid is filtrated in the first filter tank and the second filter tank is washed. A switching lever actuates valve mechanisms to perform switching among the first, second, and third channels such that the channels are selected cyclically in order of the first channel, the second channel, the first channel, the third channel and the first channel. The valve mechanisms work with operation of the switching lever.

Abstract: The present invention provides, in at least one embodiment, an upflow bioreactor removes trapped gases within the bed that effect water flow and a downflow bioreactor removes carbonaceous compounds and retains the particulate elemental selenium. The system integrates biological selenium reduction with biological filtration (via the downflow bioreactor) and an optional membrane filtration. The membrane filtration removes residual selenium and other particulate matter, which would get into the effluent. In one embodiment, the novelty of the invention is the utilization of an upflow bioreactor followed by a downflow bioreactor applied to selenium removal.

Abstract: Disclosed is an internal circulation resin ion exchange adsorption reactor with a mechanical stirrer. The upper part ?˜? of the reactor main body is an open cylinder and the lower part 1/5˜? is a cone-shaped body with a slope of 30°±10°. A bell-jar shaped reaction slot with a turbine water stirrer inside is located in the center of the reactor main body. The reactor main body is equipped with a cylindrical guide plate. A water collection weir, an inclined tube separator and an annular resin collection hopper are located between the shell of the reactor main body and the guide plate. The reactor is equipped with a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe. A resin removal pipe is connected with the annular resin collection hopper and a resin desorption slot respectively, and a regenerated resin reflux pipe is connected to the bell-jar shaped reaction slot.

Abstract: A fluid filter apparatus comprising an upper housing shell; a lower housing shell; a pleat pack element comprising a peripheral frame and a folded pleated media. The frame is at least partially molded over the media to secure the media in the frame, and the media comprises two or more types of media of different densities from each other.

Abstract: A fluid filter apparatus comprising an upper housing shell; a lower housing shell; a pleat pack element comprising a peripheral frame and a folded pleated media. The frame is at least partially molded over the media to secure the media in the frame, and the pleat pack is sandwiched between the upper and lower housing shells and a frame of the pleat pack forms a side of the housing.

Abstract: An adjustable nozzle assembly for a sieve box and a sieve box including same, including a support assembly and nozzles. A pair of elongated support members may be received through openings in support collars. Nozzles may be operatively connected to the collars. The support assembly, which may include collars and rods, are configured to provide at least one of lateral movement and rotational movement of the nozzles. At least one of the first elongated support member and the second elongated support member may be configured to move when coupled to the sieve box to adjust a spray angle of the nozzles. Pivoting of the one rod about the other rod adjusts the angle at which the nozzles are disposed. The rods may be externally threaded, and the collars may be internally threaded, such that when the rods are rotated, the collars translate laterally along the rods to move the nozzles.

Abstract: The invention relates to a filter element for a filter device, having at least one filter housing (3; 4), wherein the filter element (1) comprises a receiving part (19) which, when the filter element (1) is located in the filter housing (3; 4) in the operational position, comes into fluid communication with a housing part (17; 18) of the filter housing (3; 4), which forms a fluid connection (9). The invention is characterized in that the receiving part (19) of the filter element (1) has an inner, first guiding path (37) for sealing contact to the housing part (17) of the filter housing (3) according to a first mode of construction and an outer, second guiding path (51) for sealing contact to the housing part (18) of the filter housing (4) according to a second mode of construction.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a bypass oil filter and a filtration element for oil filtration. The housing has an inlet and an outlet and is configured to provide a flow path for oil from the inlet to the outlet. The filtration element includes multiple filtration segments arranged in series configuration with one another along the flow path in which each filtration segment having a filtering density that is greater than the filtering density of another filtration segment upstream along the flow path.

Abstract: The present invention relates to design and manufacture of multilayer sintered membranes made from metals and inorganic compounds (ceramics, silicate, clay, zeolites, phosphates, etc.). The membranes are designated for separation of water. They comprise at least one layer having nanopores commensurable with the size of water molecules. The membranes comprise: (a) supporting metallic layer having pore size 1-500 microns, (b) metallic interlayer having pore size <2 micron, (c) sublayer with local regular protrusions of the interlayer into the supporting layer to increase service life of the membrane, and (d) one nanoporous ceramic or metallic top layer having pore size in the range of 1-15 angstroms. The invented design and method allow the manufacture of cost-effective multilayer membranes containing nanoporous layer with controlled pore sizes in each layer and optimal morphology of pores that provides selective transport of molecules during filtration and separation of liquids.

Abstract: A filter for the separation of oil and water from oil-water mixtures comprising a porous filter media, wherein the porous filter media has a zwitterionic polymer grafted or coated thereon.

Abstract: In at least one embodiment, the invention provides a retrofit for existing water treatment systems where the retrofit includes at least one of the following: a particulate separator, a supplementary inlet, and a waveform disk-pack turbine. In a further embodiment, the invention includes a water treatment system combined with at least one of the following: a particulate separator, a supplementary inlet, and a waveform disk-pack turbine.

Abstract: In a wastewater treatment system comprised of an anoxic tank outputting to a biological reactor and outputting from the reactor to a clear well, a process for controlling the rate and timing of flow through the reactor by means of a floating pump within the anoxic tank. Further enhancement of denitrification is achieved by sending internal recycles into the sludge zone of the anoxic tank via a baffle positioned within the sludge layer.

Abstract: A method and a device are disclosed for regulating an ultrafiltration in a dialysis treatment, in which the blood to be ultrafiltered in an extracorporeal blood circulation (109) flows through a blood chamber (110) of a dialyzer (113), which is subdivided by a semipermeable membrane (111) into a blood chamber (110) and a dialysis fluid chamber (108), and dialysis fluid in a dialysis fluid circulation (109) flows through the dialysis fluid chamber (108) of the dialyzer (113),.

Abstract: Provided is a method for manipulating a membrane element within a pressure vessel including a central axis, a distal end, a proximal end and an inlet disposed at the proximal end. The membrane element has a membrane element front face with at least one fluid opening and a membrane element rear face. The membrane element is received within the pressure vessel such that the membrane element front face faces the proximal end, with a possibility to be moved along the central axis by an axial force applied to the membrane element front face. The method includes disposing a fluid-tight element in the pressure vessel to form a fluid chamber at the proximal end between the inlet and the fluid-tight element, and introducing fluid into the fluid chamber to displace the membrane element along the central axis in the direction towards the distal end of the pressure vessel.

Abstract: This invention relates to an asymmetric composite membrane containing a polymeric matrix and carbon nanotubes within a single membrane layer, where the carbon nanotubes are randomly oriented within the polymeric matrix and the composite membrane is formed by phase inversion. This invention also relates to a method for producing the composite membrane which includes: coating a surface with a film of a polymer solution containing a polymeric matrix and carbon nanotubes dissolved in at least one solvent; immersing the coated surface in a non-solvent to affect solvent/non-solvent demixing resulting in phase inversion to form a carbon nanotube-containing membrane; and optionally, removing the carbon nanotube-containing membrane from the surface. The invention also relates to a desalination method using the composite membrane.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are water purification and supply systems for medical devices and methods of using. In an embodiment, the system includes A dialysis system includes a filtration system capable of filtering a water stream, a water purification system capable of purifying said water stream in a non-batch process, a mixing system capable of producing a stream of dialysate from mixing one or more dialysate components with the water stream in a non-batch process, and a dialyzer system. The dialyzer may be a microfluidic dialyzer capable of being fluidly coupled to the stream of dialysate and a blood stream.

Abstract: Described herein is a filtration medium comprising a carbon substrate having a surface of COxEy, wherein E is selected from at least one of S, Se, and Te; and wherein x is no more than 0.1 and y is 0.005 to 0.3; a filtration device comprising the filtration medium; and methods of removing chloramines from aqueous solutions.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and compositions for removing organophosphate toxins from blood are disclosed herein. The compositions include a lipid-based capture particle that displays BChE that binds to the toxin. The methods include acoustically separating toxins bound to lipid-based capture particles from blood factors of whole blood.

Abstract: An improved method and apparatus for removing metal cuttings from an oil well drilling mud stream provides a magnetic body or “ditch magnet” having end plates that extend radially and circumferentially from the magnetic body, the plates being positioned at end portions of the magnetic body. A third plate in the form of a wiper is used to dislodge metal cuttings and other metallic material from the magnetic body after the magnetic body has accumulated such metallic parts. One of the end plates can be removable to facilitate a complete scraping or wiping of the metallic parts from the metallic body by the wiper plate.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a process for treating water and the use of calcium carbonate in such a process. In particular, the present invention is directed to a process for remineralization of water comprising the steps of providing feed water, providing an aqueous solution of calcium carbonate, wherein the aqueous solution of calcium carbonate comprises dissolved calcium carbonate and reaction species thereof, and combining the feed water and the aqueous calcium carbonate solution.

Abstract: A method for purifying thermoplastic polymers, comprising a step of filtering a polymer melt by way of a filter means, characterized in that said filter means is at least temporarily heated to a temperature which is higher than that of the polymer melt.

Abstract: The present invention relates to systems for improving the range of pool skimmers. In some embodiments, the present invention provides at least one track that is attached to the pool sidewall and a second weir that moves along the track. In other embodiments, the present invention provides a deflector that is attached to the pool sidewall, extends from the sidewall and above the skimmer opening, and includes a side opening adjacent for feeding water to the skimmer opening. Without being bound to any particular theory, it is believed that the apparatuses are cheap to manufacture, safe, conserve water and chemical use, and allow for an aesthetically pleasing full pool.

Abstract: A shoe carousel device that includes a base with a top and a bottom, the base stabilizes and supports the shoe carousel device, a support stem with an end, the support stem is attached at an approximate 90 degree angle to the top of the base and extends upward and a plurality of stackable shelves with a top surfacing, the stackable shelves are circular shaped with a circumference, the stackable shelves each include a raised outer rim and a relatively thin mesh surfacing. The shoe carousel device also includes a motor and a foot pedal to rotate the shoe carousel device.

Abstract: A method and apparatus discloses a tray configured to house a hard-disk drive (“HDD”) using at least one semi-flexible anchoring strip. An HDD assembly device, in one aspect, includes a tray, a U-shaped semi-flexible anchoring frame, and an HDD. The tray has a base, a front panel, a first side panel, and a second side panel, wherein the first side panel and the second side panel includes tracks along longitudinal edges of the first and the second side panels. The U-shaped semi-flexible anchoring frame includes a front piece, a first strip, and a second strip, wherein the first strip is configured to fit in the track of the first side panel allowing the first strip to slide along the track of the first side panel. The HDD has at least two mounting holes on each side and able to seat in the U-shaped semi-flexible anchoring frame.

Abstract: A wine rack for mounting on a wall or other surface, the wine rack including at least a first and second pair of support members. In one embodiment, the first pair of support members may support at least a first and a second wine bottle in a substantially parallel relation to the wall, wherein the second bottle is positionable proximate the wall, and wherein the label of the first wine bottle is visible to a person standing in front of the wine rack.

Abstract: An IV line management system providing an indicia scheme to facilitate the connection of the correct medicine to the correct pump channel and to the correct manifold inlet where the manifold is connected to a IV port on the patient. The stand can carry one or more IV pumps each with multiple channels. The stand has a hook top with indicia that may be, for example, numbers. The medicine in a particular numbered hook is connected to a pump channel which is identified by logic, the pump display, or an attached number indicator. The output channel of the pump is connected to a manifold with numbered inlets. Intermediate the pump and manifold a guide with numbered slots organizes the IV lines and releasable retains them in a numbered slot.

Abstract: A display fixture includes a substantially vertical backer mounted to a wall of a gondola and a shelf unit mounted to the backer and being centrally located on the backer. The shelf unit includes a substantially vertical back wall, a pair of side walls and a plurality of shelves extending between the pair of side walls and coupled to the back wall. Each of the plurality of shelves includes a shelf surface and a lip. The lip is substantially normal to the shelf surface and the shelf surface is at an angle relative to the back wall. The relative angle between the shelf surface and the back wall is greater than 90 degrees.

Abstract: Provided are a raisable-lowerable member capable of shortening a time required for assembling and disassembling of a crane, and a crane comprising the raisable-lowerable member. The raisable-lowerable member comprises: a boom attachable to an upper slewing body of the crane turnably about a boom-pivot-turn-axis in a raising-lowering direction; and a mast to be driven so as to be turned about a mast pivot-turn-axis parallel to the boom-pivot-turn-axis. The boom includes a boom body, a boom foot joined to a basal end of the boom body and adapted to be attached to the upper slewing body turnably about the boom-pivot-turn-axis, and a mast mounting portion joined to the basal end of the boom body. The mast has a basal end which includes a mast foot to be attached to the mast mounting portion turnably about the mast pivot-turn-axis.

Abstract: A large mobile crane including an undercarriage. The undercarriage includes a middle section between tracks, wherein a distance between the tracks can be increased or decreased by the insertion or removal of expansion parts. The two tracks are connected on opposite sides of the undercarriage to permit movement of the large mobile crane. The undercarriage also includes a drive unit, a superstructure, one or more control stations, at least two main booms, at least one derrick boom, and at least two lifting devices and counterweights. The counterweights are either arranged separately of or mounted on the undercarriage. The large mobile crane further includes a circular track, and support rollers attached to the superstructure, wherein the support rollers ride on the circular track, and wherein the circular track is an integral part of the expansion parts.

Abstract: A knuckle may include a throat portion having a throat side wall with at least three sections, a first section closest to the knuckle tail, a third section closest to the knuckle pulling face, and a second section between said first and third sections. The wall thickness of said first section may be less than 10% different than the wall thickness of said second section. The throat portion may also include a tail stop side wall with at least three sections, a first section closest to the knuckle tail, a third section closest to the knuckle pulling face, and a second section between said first and third sections. The wall thickness of said first section may be less than 10% different than the wall thickness of said second section.

Abstract: A bottle body structure includes a substrate accommodating a container bottle which includes an inner bottle body, an outer container bottle and a bottle cap. The bottle cap can be accommodated inside the outer bottle body and the side wall of the bottle cap is provided with a discharge hole. An ejecting mechanism, enabling the inner bottle body to displace axially relative to the outer bottle body to expose the discharge hole out of the outer bottle body, is provided between the inner bottle body and the substrate. As a result, the bottle body structure conceals the discharge hole in the outer bottle body and the ejecting mechanism enables the inner bottle body to eject automatically to expose the discharge hole, which is convenient to use and hygienic. Material in the bottle can be poured out easily with one hand. The bottle body is especially applicable to storage of spices.

Abstract: The can of the invention includes a body portion joined to a neck portion of reduced contour and which incorporates an outer peripheral projection and which defines an upper opening; and a lid having a peripheral tubular portion to be fitted into the upper opening, and an outer circumferential rib. The outer circumferential rib presents a semi-tubular shape, inferiorly opened and having: a radially inner edge which is joined to the upper edge of the peripheral tubular portion of the lid, by an annular step; and a radially outer edge. The outer circumferential rib carries, in its interior, an annular gasket to be seated on the outer peripheral projection of the neck portion, upon the fitting of the lid into the upper opening and the seating of the annular step on said outer peripheral projection.

Abstract: An apparatus for voice messaging medicant container includes a bottle enclosure, a cap, and an audio messaging system. The bottle enclosure and the cap house a medicant spray container within as the cap can be rotatably positioned in between an opened position and a closed position. When the cap is at the closed position, the nozzle of the medicant spray container is not accessible to the user. When the cap is at the opened position, the nozzle of the medicant spray container is accessible to the user through a nozzle opening of the cap. The audio messaging system automatically plays a prerecorded audio clip every time the cap is at the opened position; however, the prerecorded audio clip can also be manually played from a switch of the audio messaging system.

Abstract: Base includes an outer support wall, a support surface extending inwardly from the outer support wall and defining a reference plane, an inner support wall extending upwardly from the support surface, a first radiused portion extending radially inward from the inner support wall and concave relative to the reference plane, a second radiused portion extending radially inward from the first radiused portion and convex relative to the reference plane, an intermediate surface extending radially inward from the second radiused portion and substantially parallel to the reference plane, a third radiused portion extending radially inward from the intermediate surface and convex relative to the reference plane, and a central portion disposed proximate the third radiused portion.

Abstract: The present invention is directed generally to an apparatus to insulate beverage containers, and more particularly to a design which may sustain a temperature gradient from the ambient over a designed time frame. In a particular embodiment of the invention, the insulated beverage container when housing a cooled liquid beverage initially in the range of 40 degrees Fahrenheit and ambient temperature no more than 80 degrees, the temperature of the liquid beverage will not rise more than 10 degrees for a period of 45 minutes with the insulating cap sealing the beverage container. Similarly, the same insulated beverage container when housing a heated beverage initially in the range of 160 degrees Fahrenheit, and ambient temperature no less than 20 degrees, the temperature of the liquid beverage may not cool more than 10 degrees for a period of 45 minutes with the insulating cap sealing the beverage container.

Abstract: The invention relates to a bottle container with a handle. A mounting projecting portion projects from the bottle body, and the handle member has a handle portion connected to a mounting hole that allows the mounting projecting portion to be inserted thereinto. The handle member is mounted on the bottle body by inserting the mounting projecting portion into the mounting hole, and then rotating the mounting projecting portion around a central axis of the mounting projecting portion relative to the bottle body. The inner peripheral surface of the mounting hole has an abutting portion that abuts with an engaging recessed groove in the outer surface of the mounting projecting portion. The mounting portion has a guide portion that slides on a sliding surface of the outer surface of the mounting projecting portion with the relative rotation of the handle member and the bottle body, and guides the relative rotation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a bottle container with a handle. A mounting projecting portion is provided on the bottle body, and a handle member is provided with a mounting hole which allows the mounting projecting portion to be inserted thereinto, and a handle portion which extends from the mounting portion, and is mounted on the bottle body by inserting the mounting projecting portion into the mounting hole, and then rotating the mounting projecting portion relative to the bottle body. The bottle body is provided with a rotation preventing member which accommodates the handle portion to prevent the relative rotation of the bottle body and the handle member in a state where the handle member has been mounted.

Abstract: Methods of depositing a film on a substrate surface include surface mediated reactions in which a film is grown over one or more cycles of reactant adsorption and reaction. In one aspect, the method is characterized by the following operations: (a) exposing the substrate surface to a first reactant in vapor phase under conditions allowing the first reactant to adsorb onto the substrate surface; (b) exposing the substrate surface to a second reactant in vapor phase while the first reactant is adsorbed on the substrate surface; and (c) exposing the substrate surface to plasma to drive a reaction between the first and second reactants adsorbed on the substrate surface to form the film.

Abstract: Greater planarity is achieved between surfaces of a conductive structure and a layer within which the conductive structure resides. A portion of the conductive structure protruding above the surface of the layer is selectively oxidized, at least in part, to form an oxidized portion. The oxidized portion is then removed, at least partially, to facilitate achieving greater planarity. The protruding portions may optionally be formed by selectively disposing conductive material over the conductive structure, when that the conductive structure is initially recessed below the surface of the layer. A further embodiment includes selectively oxidizing a portion of the conductive structure below the surface of the layer, removing at least some of the oxidized portion so that an upper surface of the conductive structure is below the upper surface of the layer, and planarizing the upper surface of the layer to the upper surface of the conductive structure.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the fabrication of thin aluminum anode batteries using a highly reproducible process that enables high volume manufacturing of the galvanic cells. A method of fabricating a thin aluminum anode galvanic cell is provided, the method including, depositing a layer of catalytic metal on a surface of a first substrate, depositing and patterning a benzocyclobutene layer to form a reservoir having four sidewalls of benzocyclobutene on the surface of the catalytic layer, depositing a layer of aluminum on a surface of a second substrate and bonding the first substrate to the second substrate to form a galvanic cell bounded by the catalytic metal layer and the aluminum layer and separated by the reservoir walls of benzocyclobutene, the second substrate positioned in overlying relation to contact the four sidewalls of the reservoir with the aluminum layer facing the catalytic layer.

Abstract: A nanoimprinting mold includes: a mold main body having a fine pattern of protrusions and recesses on a surface thereof; and a mold release layer formed on the surface of the mold main body. The mold release layer is formed within a mold release layer forming region, which is a region of the mold main body that includes a patterned region where the fine pattern of protrusions and recesses is formed and has an outer edge positioned outside the outer edge of the patterned region. An outer peripheral mold release layer has a thickness distribution in which the thickness of the outer peripheral mold release layer is locally maximal at positions outside the outer edge of the patterned region, substantially continuously along the entire periphery. Thereby, it becomes possible to restrict the region in which resist flows during nanoimprinting, without employing a mesa type substrate.

Abstract: The invention provides a chemical-mechanical polishing composition and a method of chemically-mechanically polishing a substrate with the chemical-mechanical polishing composition. The polishing composition comprises (a) abrasive particles, wherein the abrasive particles comprise zirconia, (b) at least one metal ion oxidizer, wherein the at least one metal ion oxidizer comprises metal ions of Co3+, Au+, Ag+, Pt2+, Hg2+, Cr3+, Fe3+, Ce4+, or Cu2+, and (c) an aqueous carrier, wherein the pH of the chemical-mechanical polishing composition is in the range of about 1 to about 7, and wherein the chemical-mechanical polishing composition does not contain a peroxy-type oxidizer.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, provided is a template including a first pattern that is to be transferred to a processing target and is arranged on a transfer region defined on a first principal surface of a template substrate. The template includes a second pattern that is used to measure a position and arranged on a second principal surface of the template substrate opposite to the first principal surface.

Abstract: A power circuit breaker unit has first and second arcing contact pieces. A contact gap is formed between the arcing contact pieces. A switch gas channel of the circuit breaker unit joins the contact gap to the surrounding area of the circuit breaker unit for removing a switch gas from the contact gap. Several barriers that increase a flow resistance are arranged successively, spaced from one another, in the switch gas channel. At least one of the barriers is arranged between a first pipe section, which is surrounded by a second pipe section, and the second pipe section.

Abstract: A pressure tank which seals and contains an electrical device, is formed with an opening portion corresponding to a terminal portion provided on the electrical device. A porcelain tube which is disposed so as to protrude with respect to the pressure tank, is fixed to the opening portion at a base portion thereof, and is provided with a terminal conductor at a leading end portion thereof. A first connection conductor is led out into a center portion of the porcelain tube at one end thereof, and is connected to the terminal conductor at the other end thereof. A second connection conductor which has a concave section to be fitted onto the first connection conductor at one side thereof, is connected to the terminal portion at the other side thereof. A contact is disposed between the first connection conductor and the concave section of the second connection conductor.

Abstract: A machine tool includes a bed, an electric-discharge machining unit that is mounted on the bed and constitutes a machine main body, a frame that has a mounting surface and is fixed to a side surface of the bed, machining fluid tanks that are used when the electric-discharge machining unit is operated to performs a machining work, and are set to the first state where these tanks are above the frame and separated from the mounting surface so as to be self-supported, or to the second state where these tanks are mounted on the mounting surface, and a transport fixing tool that is removed when the machining fluid tanks are set to the first state, and is attached when the machine main body and the machining fluid tanks are set to the second state.

Abstract: A method for cladding of superalloy materials. A layer of powder (14) disposed over a superalloy substrate (12) is heated with an energy beam (16) to form a layer of superalloy cladding (10) and an overlying layer of slag (18). A filler material (44) of nickel, nickel-chromium or nickel-chromium-cobalt wire or strip is also added to the melt pool to combine with the melted powder via a submerged arc or electroslag heating process to give the superalloy cladding the composition of a desired superalloy material. The layer of powder includes a layer of powdered flux material (22) over a layer of powdered metal (20), or the flux and metal powders may be mixed together (36).

Abstract: There is provided a contact device (10) for application to an opposing surface (46;50) in use. The contact device comprises a support (12) and a plurality of contact members (14) aligned along the support. Each contact member has an end portion (15) spaced from the support and is independently resiliently mounted to the support such that the end portions (15) can conform to the opposing surface (46;50) in use and thereby provide a seal there-against. The contact members and/or support and may be planar in form and may be cut from a sheet metal material. The contact device may serve as a gas shield or a support jig or clamp device.

Abstract: A plasma treatment system includes a plasma arc torch, a tee attached to a hollow electrode nozzle of the plasma arc torch, and a screw feed unit or a ram feed unit having an inlet and an outlet attached to the tee. The plasma arc torch includes a cylindrical vessel having a first end and a second end, a first tangential inlet/outlet connected to or proximate to the first end, a second tangential inlet/outlet connected to or proximate to the second end, an electrode housing connected to the first end of the cylindrical vessel such that a first electrode is (a) aligned with a longitudinal axis of the cylindrical vessel, and (b) extends into the cylindrical vessel, and a hollow electrode nozzle connected to the second end of the cylindrical vessel such that a centerline of the hollow electrode nozzle is aligned with the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical vessel.

Abstract: A fully automated plasma sheet metal cutter that can be integrated into a HVAC coil-line and which increases the precision of cutting, decreases the time it takes to cut a particular component sheet metal part, and offers flexibility in cutting different sized and shaped holes or openings. Further, since the system is fully automated, it eliminates the error or cost attributed to a portion of the cutting process that heretofore has been associated with a manual laborer.