Abstract: A mobile wireless device may dynamically alter a downlink MIMO function by switching it on and off, or switching between different downlink MIMO configurations, such as 2×MIMO and 4×MIMO. Still further, a mobile device having greater than two antennas may dynamically select a subset of the antennas to be used to receive a MIMO transmission, and further, enable a mobile device to request a subset of antennas at a base station to be used for the MIMO transmission. This dynamic control of the MIMO mode or configuration may be achieved by using implicit signaling, by way of an enlarged code word set in CQI feedback transmissions, or by using explicit signaling, by way of E-DPCCH orders. In this way, a MIMO-capable mobile device may dynamically be configured for downlink MIMO transmissions as the conditions demand, enabling MIMO to be switched off when its use might otherwise cause performance to suffer.

Abstract: A user equipment (UE) performs a transform domain (DFT) based method to detect the cyclic prefix (CP) length that is being used by a base station for cellular communications. The detected CP length is then used to reduce the amount of time required to complete the synchronization and cell search procedures. In particular, the UE uses the detected CP length information to obtain Cell Identification parameters (NID1, NID2) along with information including a Maximum energy Tap location and a reference signal receive power (RSRP) while completing the synchronization and cell search procedures.

Abstract: A transmit node receives a transformed correlation matrix or a correlation matrix of a channel coefficient matrix, or a correlation matrix of an interference channel coefficient matrix from each of receive nodes sharing a radio resource. The transmit node determines a precoder based on a value maximizing values determined by the transformed correlation matrix or the correlation matrix of the channel coefficient matrix, or a value minimizing values determined by the correlation matrix of the interference channel coefficient matrix, and precodes a transmit signal by using the determined precoder.

Abstract: A method implemented in a base station used in a wireless communications system is disclosed. The method comprises having a codebook including a plurality of precoding matrices, precoding data with one of the plurality of precoding matrices, and transmitting, to a user equipment, the precoded data, wherein each precoding matrix W satisfies W=W(1)W(2), where first matrix W(1) is chosen from first codebook (1), and second matrix W(2) is chosen from a second codebook. Other apparatuses, systems, and methods also are disclosed.

Abstract: A method implemented in a base station used in a wireless communications system is disclosed. The method comprises having 1-layer, 2-layer, 3-layer, and 4-layer codebooks for 4 transmit antenna (4TX) transmission, each codebook including a plurality of precoding matrices, precoding data with one of the plurality of precoding matrices, and transmitting, to a user equipment, the precoded data, wherein each of the 1-layer and 2-layer codebooks comprises a first codebook and a second codebook, and wherein each precoding matrix in the first codebook comprises a first index and a second index. Other apparatuses, systems, and methods also are disclosed.

Abstract: Methods and devices for transmitting or receiving data in a wireless local area network are provided. The method in one embodiment includes transmitting, by a transmitter, a first long training field (LTF) to a receiver; transmitting, by the transmitter, a very high throughput (VHT)-SIG-A field to the receiver; transmitting, by the transmitter, a second LTF for multiple input multiple output (MIMO) channel estimation to the receiver; transmitting, by the transmitter, a VHT-SIG-B field to the receiver; and transmitting, by the transmitter, a data field to the receiver, wherein the first LTF, the VHT-SIG-A field, the second LTF, the VHT-SIG-B field and the data field are sequentially transmitted, and wherein the second LTF and the data field are mapped to at least one spatial stream based on a mapping matrix but the first LTF and the VHT SIG-A field are not mapped to the at least one spatial stream.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method and apparatus for constructing a codebook. The method comprises: receiving grouping information on a plurality of transmit antennas of a base station; obtaining a channel model for a channel between a mobile terminal and the base station; and determining an optimal precoding matrix corresponding to each antenna group according to the grouping information and the channel model, so as to construct a codebook used for precoding. The present invention further discloses a method and apparatus for selecting a precoding matrix, as well as a method, apparatus and system for precoding.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for improving communications on feedback transmission channels, in which there is a possibility of bit errors. The basic solutions to counter those errors are: proper design of the CSI vector quantizer indexing (i.e., the bit representation of centroid indices) in order to minimize impact of index errors, use of error detection techniques to expurgate the erroneous indices and use of other methods to recover correct indices.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a wireless communication system, and more specifically, disclosed are a method and an apparatus for transmitting channel state information in a cooperative multipoint communication system.

Abstract: A precoding method and apparatus are provided. Each transmission node receives feedback on first information as information regarding a transmission node that transmits an interference signal causing an interference-to-noise ratio (INR) greater than a first reference value from reception nodes, determines a group to which each transmission node belongs on the basis of the first feedback information, and allocates resources to each group. In a detailed manner, each transmission node determines comparison values of INRs, as two or more values, determines a group by using feedback information corresponding thereto, and allocates resources. Each transmission node receives feedback on channel information or precoder information from reception nodes of each group to which each transmission node belongs, and determines a precoder by using the feedback channel information or precoder information.

Abstract: A communication device includes: an amplifier (62) arranged to amplify a reception signal received from one of the plurality of terminals; a first demodulation unit (26) arranged to demodulate a first frame transmitted using a first communication method operable to communicate when CNR is smaller than 0 dB; a second demodulation unit (27) arranged to demodulate, in parallel with the first demodulation unit demodulating the first frame, a second frame transmitted using a second communication method having a rate higher than a rate of the first communication method at a frequency band same as a frequency band used for the first communication method; and a gain controller (64) arranged to adjust a gain of the amplifier in accordance with a detection outcome of a preamble included in the first frame and the second frame.

Abstract: Techniques and mechanisms for exchanging communications which each represent a respective combination of data and clock signaling. In an embodiment, encoder logic generates a first signal pair, including encoding a first differential data signal pair with a first clock signal of a differential clock signal pair. The encoder logic further generates a second signal pair, including encoding a second differential data signal pair with a second clock signal of the same differential clock signal pair. In another embodiment, decoder logic receives and decodes the first signal pair and the second signal pair, wherein the decoding generates the first differential data signal pair, the second differential data signal pair and a clock signal.

Abstract: In a method for generating a preamble of a data unit for transmission via a multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) communication channel, a first field of the preamble is generated. The first field provides a plurality of indicators to a plurality of receivers. Each one of the plurality of indicators indicates a set of a plurality of training sequences that corresponds to transmission of the data unit to a corresponding one of the plurality of receivers. The plurality of training sequences is included in a second field of the preamble. The preamble is formatted such that the first field of the preamble will be transmitted prior to the second field of the preamble being transmitted.

Abstract: A clock-embedded data generating apparatus and transmission method are disclosed. The steps of the transmission method include: generating a plurality of preamble signals according to a number sequence, where each of the preamble signals has a plurality of bits. The number sequence includes a plurality of values, and the bits of each of the preamble signals are decided by each of the corresponding values; transmitting the preamble signals during a plurality of preamble signal transmitting periods respectively, and transmitting a plurality of data signal during a plurality of data signal transmitting periods respectively.

Abstract: Example embodiments presented herein are directed towards a system, and corresponding method, for interference suppression of wireless communication signals. The method may comprise embedding a differential phase tracking signal (e.g., a zero amplitude differential phase tracking signal) in a transmitted wireless communication signal. Thereafter,a differential phase may be measured between the embedded transmitted wireless communication signal and a wireless reference signal. This differential phase measurement may be utilized in the suppression of interference in the wireless communication signal.

Abstract: A digital predistortion linearization method is provided for increasing the instantaneous or operational bandwidth for RF power amplifiers employed in wideband communication systems. Embodiments of the present invention provide a method of increasing DPD linearization bandwidth using a feedback filter integrated into existing digital platforms for multi-channel wideband wireless transmitters. An embodiment of the present invention utilizes a DPD feedback signal in conjunction with a low power band-pass filter in the DPD feedback path.

Abstract: A method of envelope tracking and an envelope tracking (ET) circuit. One embodiment of the (ET) circuit is for radio frequency (RF) transmission and includes: (1) an amplitude calculator configured to generate an amplitude signal that approximates the amplitude of an input signal, (2) a peak detector configured to take samples of the amplitude signal within a time window and produce an envelope signal that represents an amplitude peak among the samples, and (3) a signal conditioner configured to condition the envelope signal for driving a power supply input stage of a power amplifier operable to amplify and transmit an RF signal based on the input signal.

Abstract: A phased array transmitter is disclosed comprising a vector modulator, a true time delay block coupled to the vector modulator, a local oscillator phase shifter and RF-converter block coupled to the true time delay block, and an antenna. The vector modulator applies vector modulation to a baseband signal and provides an intermediate frequency signal to the true time delay block. The true time delay block applies a true time delay to the intermediate frequency signal and provides a delayed intermediate frequency signal to the local oscillator phase shifter and RF-converter block. The local oscillator phase shifter and RF-converter block multiplies the delayed intermediate frequency signal by a local oscillator signal and applies a phase shift to the delayed intermediate frequency signal to provide a radio frequency signal to the antenna for onwards transmission.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatuses, and combinations and sub-combinations thereof, for down-converting an electromagnetic (EM) signal are described herein. Briefly stated, in embodiments the invention operates by receiving an EM signal and recursively operating on approximate half cycles (½, 1½, 2½, etc) of the carrier signal. The recursive operations can be performed at a sub-harmonic rate of the carrier signal. The invention accumulates the results of the recursive operations and uses the accumulated results to form a down-converted signal. In an embodiment, the EM signal is down-converted to an intermediate frequency (IF) signal. In another embodiment, the EM signal is down-converted to a baseband information signal. In another embodiment, the EM signal is a frequency modulated (FM) signal, which is down-converted to a non-FM signal, such as a phase modulated (PM) signal or an amplitude modulated (AM) signal.

Abstract: A receiver is composed of a receiver-side amplifier which receives a clock signal, a receiver-side amplifier which receives a data signal, a variable delay circuit which generates a delay-adjusted clock signal and a delay-adjusted data signal by delaying the clock signal and the data signal, a latch circuit section which latches the delay-adjusted data signal in synchronous with the delay-adjusted clock signal, and a skew detecting circuit which generates skew detection data that by latching a specific data sequence transmitted as the data signal in synchronous with a first clock signal to Nth clock signal (N is an integer equal to or more than 2) with different delay times from the clock signal. The delay time in the variable delay circuit is controlled according to the skew detection data.

Abstract: A method of rapid non-data aided carrier signal acquisition for a low symbol rate carrier signal, comprising receiving and converting an analog intermediate frequency carrier to a digital carrier signal, down-converting the signal to substantially baseband, reducing a sampling rate of the digital carrier signal using a decimation filter, determining a highest Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) based on a result of one or more FFT's generated by an FFT module using a peak finder, selecting an input source for the FFT module using a multiplexer, generating a frequency estimate of the digital carrier signal using a walking coarse detector, tuning a carrier recovery loop (CRL) based on the frequency estimate generated by the walking coarse detector, determining a final carrier frequency offset estimate using a result of the FFT module, modulation removal, and the peak finder, and programming an oscillator within the CRL to the final carrier frequency offset estimate.

Abstract: A phase locked loop frequency synthesizer has a controlled oscillator for generating an output signal at a desired frequency, a phase/frequency detector module for comparing a feedback signal derived from the controlled oscillator with a reference signal to generate an error signal, a loop filter for processing said at least one error signal from said phase/frequency detector module to generate a combined control signal for the controlled oscillator. The gain of the phase/frequency detector module can be adjusted, preferably by varying the pulse width and pulse cycle, to maintain the overall gain of the phase locked loop within a given range and thereby maximize signal to noise ratio.

Abstract: A multichannel radio receiver may include a radio frequency (RF) subsystem and a digital subsystem. The RF subsystem may be configured to provide analog information associated with a radio band to an analog to digital converter (ADC). The ADC samples the analog input and sends digital output to the digital subsystem. The digital subsystem may be configured with one or more channelizers and one or more decoders. A channelizer within the digital subsystem may filter and re-sample the digital output to result in a channel plan having a desired bandwidth and a desired sample rate. The sample rate may be selected for compatibility with a decoder. The decoder may have design specifications based in part on a modulation scheme to be decoded. The design specifications may indicate the desired sample rate to be provided by the channelizer.

Abstract: A multichannel radio receiver may include a radio frequency (RF) subsystem and a digital subsystem. The digital subsystem may be configured to use an analog to digital converter (ADC) to sample input. A channelizer bank within the digital subsystem may include a plurality of channelizers. Each channelizer may receive and translate input into a plurality of channels, the channels having widths that are non-uniform and/or spacing (e.g., spacing center-to-center of adjacent channels) that is not regular. The translation may include re-sampling channels at a rate associated with a modulation scheme. A decoder bank may include a plurality of decoders operating in parallel, each to receive input from a channelizer and each associated with a particular modulation scheme. Thus, the multichannel radio may simultaneously receive on a plurality of channels of arbitrary location, arbitrary spacing and/or arbitrary bandwidth, wherein each channel is associated with one of a plurality of modulation schemes.

Abstract: A receiver apparatus includes a first frequency response estimator configured to calculate a first frequency response estimation value using a reference signal, a duration extractor configured to determine an estimation duration by extracting at least one duration from among a plurality of duration candidates into which a predetermined maximum delay time is divided, and a second frequency response estimator configured to calculate a second frequency response estimation value as a frequency response estimation value for demodulation using the first frequency response and the estimation duration. The receiver apparatus thus performs high-precision channel estimation even if a variety of PDPs occur with time.

Abstract: A signal received via a fading channel is decoded in radio frequency receiver by first demodulating the signal to a baseband signal, and serial to parallel converting the baseband signal to a precoded signal. Then, a channel matrix is estimated from the precoded signal, and symbols are detected in the precoded signal using the channel matrix. The decoding uses probabilistic data association. The detecting initializes a probability distribution for each symbol, and selects an ordering in which to update the probability distributions. The probability distribution for each symbol are updated according to the ordering, until a termination condition is reached, and then demapped and parallel to serial converted to estimate a sequence of bits used to generate the signal.

Abstract: A decoder for a modulation scheme is configured to operate close to the radio noise floor. A correlation value may be constantly updated, in an effort to match to a signature to a preamble of a packet. A low clamp value may act as a floor to which a calculated correlation value is set, if it is less than the low clamp value. If a correlation threshold is exceeded, then the correlation value is examined to determine it is a peak value. If the peak is found, power of the preamble is compared to a power threshold that is relative to the radio noise floor. If the power threshold is exceeded, positive correlation is detected. A channel optimizer is used to remove the frequency misalignment. This enables the use of a filter that is approximately equal to the occupied bandwidth of the incoming signal, further rejecting noise and interference.

Abstract: A Tu delay section delays an analog-to-digital converted OFDM signal S01 by a time corresponding to an effective symbol period Tu. A correlation signal of an output of the Tu delay section and OFDM signal S01 is obtained using a correlation calculating section. A delay section outputs at least one delayed correlation signal obtained by delaying a correlation signal S02. Next, an adding section performs addition of the correlation signal S02 and the delayed correlation signal, and then an interval integration section performs transfer integration over a definite interval on a result of the addition. Then, a symbol period smoothing section smoothes a result of the transfer integration for an interval of the effective symbol period of the OFDM signal S01, and then a window position detection section calculates window position information from an output of the symbol period smoothing section.

Abstract: In accordance with an example embodiment of the present invention the application discloses a method and an apparatus to receive a signal (501) in a radio device on a radio channel; calculate a plurality of cyclic autocorrelations (504?, 505) for the received signal (501), wherein calculating the plurality of cyclic autocorrelations comprises selecting a cyclic frequency (503) and at least two delay values (502, 512) corresponding to the plurality of cyclic autocorrelations (504?, 505); to compensate a phase offset of at least one of the plurality of cyclic autocorrelations (504?) by at least one compensation term (506) to obtain a plurality of phase compensated autocorrelations (504), wherein the compensation term (506) is dependent on the cyclic frequency (503) and a corresponding delay value of the at least two delay values; and to combine the plurality of phase compensated autocorrelations.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a one-segment tuner I/F that is connected to a one-segment tuner, a tuner I/F that is connected to a digital terrestrial tuner, a decoder that selectively decodes a first broadcast signal supplied from the one-segment tuner I/F and a second broadcast signal supplied from the tuner I/F, a general purpose processor that is provided separately from the decoder and decodes the first broadcast signal, and a switch unit that, based on signal intensity of the second broadcast wave, switches the decoding by the decoder between the first broadcast signal and the second broadcast signal while the general purpose processor is decoding the first broadcast signal. The one-segment tuner I/F, the tuner I/F, the decoder, the general purpose processor, and the switch unit are integrated on one chip.

Abstract: All data symbols used in data transmission of a modulated signal are precoded by switching between precoding matrices so that the precoding matrix used to precode each data symbol and the precoding matrices used to precode data symbols that are adjacent to the data symbol along the frequency axis and the time axis all differ. A modulated signal with such data symbols arranged therein is transmitted.

Abstract: One or more embodiments describe a decision feedback equalizer for highly spectrally efficient communications. A method may be performed in a decision feedback equalizer (DFE). The method may include initializing values of tap coefficients of the DFE based on values of tap coefficients of a partial response filter through which said transmitted symbols passed en route to said sequence estimation circuit. The method may include receiving estimates of transmitted symbols from a sequence estimation circuit, and receiving an error signal that is generated based on an estimated partial response signal output by the sequence estimation circuit. The method may include updating values of tap coefficients of the DFE based on the error signal and the estimates of transmitted symbols. The method may include generating one or more constraints that restrict the impact of the error signal on the updating of the values of the tap coefficients of the DFE.

Abstract: In order to initialize the phase of the recovered clock signal used in clock-and-data recovery (CDR) circuitry, the normal, on-line CDR processing is disabled. The sum of the absolute values of analog-to-digital converter (ADC) samples are generated for different clock phases over each unit interval (UI) of the analog signal sampled by the ADC for a specified period of time. The phase corresponding to the maximum sum is selected as the initial phase for the recovered clock signal for enabled, on-line CDR processing, which among other things, automatically updates the clock phase to ensure that the ADC samples the analog signal near the center of each UI.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a frequency difference detection device that can synchronize oscillation frequency with a master device in a network with high precision, and also relates to a frequency difference detection method and a program. A frequency difference detection device, as one aspect of the present disclosure is a frequency difference detection device that detects a difference in oscillation frequency between a master device and a slave device connected to each other via a network.

Abstract: A method is provided for synchronizing a first radio unit with a second radio unit associated with an all outdoor radios system, the method including: receiving, at the first radio unit and the second radio unit, respectively, a communication signal from a common communication source; receiving, at the first radio unit and the second radio unit, respectively, a reference signal from a common reference source; synchronizing the communication signal at each of the first radio unit and the second radio unit with the reference signal such that the each of the first radio unit and the second radio unit generates an output signal having substantially the same frequency and substantially the same phase; and transmitting the output signal from each of the first radio unit and the second radio unit to a remote receiver through an antenna.

Abstract: There is provided a quench tank which is disposed in a circulation path of a liquid metal loop and separates and cools liquid metal steam or a mixed gas in liquid metal introduced into a tank body. The tank body includes a separating area which forms a substantially horizontal flow of the liquid metal, and a separating plate is disposed inside the tank body so as to be inclined with respect to the vertical direction.

Abstract: There is provided an inspection device for inspecting an inner surface of a nozzle provided in a reactor vessel. The inspection device includes: a device frame, an inspection unit provided on the device frame, an inspection unit push-out moving mechanism for pushing out and moving the inspection unit to the inner surface of the nozzle, a rotation moving mechanism for rotating and moving the inspection unit, a calibration test unit arranged on the device frame for calibrating the inspection unit; and a calibration test unit forward/backward moving mechanism for moving the calibration test unit forward or backward in the direction along the central axis with regard to a track where the inspection unit makes push-out movement.

Abstract: An apparatus for retention of molten material for a Generation IV reactor after a nuclear power plant accident comprises an inner wall which is peripherally closed, a vapor channel wall with an opening at the bottom fixed in the inner side of the inner wall, a pressure vessel disposed in the vapor channel wall, a vapor rising channel formed between the pressure vessel and the vapor channel wall, and it further comprises an outer wall surrounding the inner wall, a core molten material retention apparatus fixed at the bottom of the inner wall, and a deflector keeping away from the inner wall and the core molten material retention apparatus to form a gap; wherein a coolant falling channel is formed between the outer wall and the deflector, a coolant inlet is disposed at the bottom of the deflector, and a coolant channel is disposed between the inner wall and the core molten material retention apparatus; a core molten material retention recess is disposed at the upper surface of the core molten material retention

Abstract: A passive cooling system of a pressurized water reactor that relies on a depressurization system to reduce the pressure in the reactor vessel in the event of a loss of coolant accident and vent the steam generated by the decay heat of the reactor core in a post loss of coolant accident stage. The depressurization results in a low pressure difference between the reactor vessel and the containment and enables gravity driven cooling system injection into the reactor vessel. The depressurization system includes a flow restrictor within an orifice in the reactor vessel wall that connects to a vent pipe which forms a flow path between the interior of the reactor vessel and the containment atmosphere when a valve within the vent pipe is in an open position. Preferably, the flow restrictor is a venturi that has a gradual contraction and a gradual expansion in the flow path area.

Abstract: A nuclear fuel cladding tube for a liquid-metal or molten-salt cooled reactor includes a tubular body of metal material and a protective coating applied on an outer surface of the tubular body, to contact the coolant. The coating includes at least one layer of coating material selected from the group consisting of ceramic materials, refractory metals, and FeCrAlY alloys, and includes a matrix composed of the coating material in amorphous phase, inside which nanodomains composed of the coating material in crystalline phase are dispersed.

Abstract: A fuel assembly includes a plurality of fuel rods arranged in parallel and including fissile material, a plurality of guide tubes arranged in parallel with and interspersed amongst the fuel rods, an upper end fitting connected with upper ends of the guide tubes, and a lower end fitting connected with lower ends of the guide tubes. Each fuel rod includes a top end and a bottom end wherein the top end extends into the upper end fitting and/or the bottom end extends into the lower end fitting.

Abstract: To provide a semiconductor device having a high aperture ratio and including a capacitor with a high charge capacitance. To provide a semiconductor device with a narrow bezel. A transistor over a substrate; a first conductive film over a surface over which a gate electrode of the transistor is provided; a second conductive film over a surface over which a pair of electrodes of the transistor is provided; and a first light-transmitting conductive film electrically connected to the first conductive film and the second conductive film are included. The second conductive film overlaps the first conductive film with a gate insulating film of the transistor laid between the second conductive film and the first conductive film.

Abstract: A shift register includes a plurality of stages each outputting k composite pulses each including an A-scan pulse and a B-scan pulse. At least one stage includes an A-sub-stage for controlling a voltage at an A-set node and a voltage at at least one A-reset node in response to an external A-control signal and generating an A-carry pulse based on the voltage at the A-set node. The voltage at the at least one A-reset node and any one A-clock pulse, at least one B-sub-stage for controlling a voltage at a B-set node and a voltage at at least one B-reset node in response to an external B-control signal and generating a B-carry pulse, and a scan output controller for generating k A-scan pulses and k B-scan pulses and outputting one of the A-scan pulses and one of the B-scan pulses corresponding to each other as one composite pulse.

Abstract: A spectral computed tomography scanner apparatus, including a rotating X-ray source, a plurality of fixed energy-discriminating detectors, a processor that generates a shadow map that indicates, for each detector/view angle, a shadow state of the detector, the shadow state indicating that one of X-rays are completely blocked by a second detector and do not reach the detector, the X-rays are partially blocked by the second detector and partially reach the detector, the X-rays are not blocked by any of the detectors and reach the detector, and the detector is not with the scan field of view at the view angle, and a controller configured to cause the scanner apparatus to perform a scan of an object over a first range of view angles to collect view data, wherein the processor is configured to perform scatter correction using the collected view data and the generated shadow map.

Abstract: An apparatus for cone beam computed tomography of an extremity has a digital radiation detector and a first device to move the detector along a circular detector path extending so that the detector moves both at least partially around a first extremity of the patient and between the first extremity and a second, adjacent extremity. The detector path has radius R1 sufficient to position the extremity approximately centered in the detector path. There is a radiation source with a second device to move the source along a concentric circular source path having a radius R2 greater than radius R1, radius R2 sufficiently long to allow adequate radiation exposure of the first extremity for an image capture by the detector. A first circumferential gap in the source path allows the second extremity to be positioned in the first circumferential gap during image capture.

Abstract: An imaging system (300) includes a rotating gantry (302) configured to rotate about an examination region (306) about a z-axis (308), a subject support (322), including a tabletop (324) configured to horizontally translate along the z-axis into and out of the examination region, a communications network (342) shared by the rotating gantry and the subject support, and a master motion controller (344) configured to control both rotational motion of the rotating gantry and translational motion of the tabletop over the communications network.

Abstract: A multiradiation generation apparatus according to the present invention includes a plurality of radiation sources arranged in a row. Each of the radiation sources includes an electron source configured to emit electrons and a target unit configured to generate radiation upon receiving electrons emitted from the electron source. At least one of the radiation sources is a dual-purpose radiation source used for both tomosynthesis imaging and non-tomosynthesis imaging, and the other radiation sources are single-purpose radiation sources used only for tomosynthesis imaging.

Abstract: Method for manufacturing a metal grating structure, wherein, after a concave part having an insulating layer on an inner surface thereof is formed in a silicon substrate, a portion of the insulating layer formed on a bottom part of the concave part is removed, and the silicon substrate at the bottom part of the concave part is etched to increase the surface area of the bottom part of the concave part as compared with a state before the etching, followed by filling the concave part with metal by an electroforming method.

Abstract: Methods of reconstructing the surface topography of an object embedded in a scattering medium are provided, with example methodologies including: imaging an object embedded in a signal scattering medium using a scattered signal detector; detecting changes in the magnitude of a plurality of scattered signals obtained from multiple fields of view within the medium; and constructing an image of the surface topography of the object based on said plurality of detected signal magnitude changes. A plurality of system, apparatus, control means, evaluation methods, and materials and components useful for practicing the methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method to perform security screening at an airport on hand-carried baggage. The method includes requesting passengers with hand carried baggage to remove from the baggage a container that holds a liquid and perform an x-ray inspection on the hand carried baggage and on the container while the container remains outside the baggage. According to the method, the results of the x-ray inspection are used to determine if the baggage contains illegal objects and if the liquid is a security threat.