Abstract: A process for treating a solid substrate coupled to a polyol, wherein said polyol bears free hydroxyl groups, comprising the grafting of at least one fatty acid having an aliphatic chain comprising at least 12 carbon atoms onto said solid substrate coupled to a polyol by esterification of at least one free hydroxyl group of said polyol.

Abstract: A Method of pretreating native cellulose pulp in the manufacture of nanofibrillated cellulose, and a nanofibrillated cellulose product obtainable by the method.

Abstract: A cleaning apparatus includes at least one cleaning nozzle that generates and directs a high-pressure liquid jet towards a point of impact on a surface, such as a conveyor belt having a drying screen. A cleaning head has a main opening that faces towards the surface, a discharge opening and a wall with at least one inlet opening defined therein. The at least one cleaning nozzle is disposed outside of the cleaning head and is oriented such that the high-pressure liquid jet passes through the at least one inlet opening before striking the surface. At least one first compressed air supplying device is disposed outside of the cleaning head and is configured to steer liquid from the at least one cleaning nozzle, after it has struck the surface, towards the main opening of the cleaning head.

Abstract: A paper recycling device includes a dry type defibrator unit, a first transport unit, a classifier unit, and a paper forming unit. The first transport unit is configured to transport using air flow the defibrated material after being defibrated by the dry type defibrator unit. The classifier unit is configured classify by an air flow the defibrated material after being transported by the first transport unit. The paper forming unit is configured to form second paper with the defibrated material after being classified by the classifier unit. The first transport unit includes a transport pipe configured to move the defibrated material, with a cross section surface area of a portion of the transport pipe on a side closer to the classifier unit being smaller than a cross section surface area of a portion of the transport pipe on a side closer to the dry type defibrator.

Abstract: Processes, systems, and apparatuses are disclosed for forming products from atomized metals and alloys. A stream of molten alloy and/or a series of droplets of molten alloy is atomized to produce particles of the molten alloy. The molten alloy particles are cooled to a temperature that is less than a solidus temperature of the molten alloy particles so that the molten alloy particles solidify. The solid alloy particles impact a collector and produce a solid alloy preform.

Abstract: Described herein are systems and methods for producing a hardwearing or wear-resistant material. In one aspect, a first group of materials comprising zirconium dioxide (ZrO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), and one or both of calcium oxide (CaO) and yttrium oxide (Y2O3) may be mixed, heated, and cooled to yield a first mixture. The first mixture may be used to generate granules that may then be mixed with a second group of materials comprising iron, nickel, manganese, titanium, carbon, chromium, and optionally, a paraffin, to yield a second mixture. The second mixture may then be compressed, cast, cooled, and heat treated to yield the hardwearing or wear-resistant material.

Abstract: A method for producing Fe—Al alloy includes: ingot-producing by casting Fe—Al alloy and taking out the Fe—Al alloy from a mold to obtain an ingot, the Fe—Al alloy containing Al: 2.0 to 9.0 mass % and a balance of Fe and impurities; hot-forging the ingot to form a hot-forged material; hot-rolling the hot-forged material to form a hot-rolled material; oxide-film removing by removing an oxide film of the hot-rolled material to form a material for cold rolling; cold-rolling the material for cold rolling to form a cold-rolled material; and annealing the cold-rolled material. Heating of the ingot in the hot-forging starts before a surface temperature of the ingot taken out from the mold is cooled to less than 250° C. in the ingot-producing.

Abstract: A method for controlling a casting plant has at least one mould for receiving a fluid material, the fluid material solidifying in the mould during a solidifying time, at least one process parameter being detected during the production process and the solidifying time being determined in accordance with the process parameter detected.

Abstract: The subject matter of the invention is a device for the direct cooling of a mould for the vertical semicontinuous casting of rolling ingots or extrusion billets (3) with gradual quenching by double jet (4 and 5), the first at substantially 32° and second at substantially 22°, simultaneously and delivering substantially the same flow rates and speeds from a single liquid chamber (2). Another subject of the invention is a method using said device, with or without graphite insert (1) on the working faces and in association with various bottom block configurations.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a heat exchanger for transferring heat between a first gas flow and a second gas flow, the heat exchanger comprising at least two sectors; a first sector that is operative to receive a combustion air stream; and a second sector that is opposed to the first sector and that is operative to receive either a reducer gas stream or an oxidizer gas stream, and a pressurized layer disposed between the first sector and the second sector; where the pressurized layer is at a higher pressure than combustion air stream, the reducer gas stream and the oxidizer gas stream.

Abstract: A first-stage regenerator material and a second-stage regenerator material are regenerator materials each having a laminated structure for use in a GM refrigerator. Each layer of the regenerator material is provided with a plurality of holes to allow gas to pass therethrough along a laminating direction. At least one layer includes a base material and a coating covering the base material. Volumetric specific heat of the coating is larger than volumetric specific heat of the base material in a temperature range from 20 K to 40 K.

Abstract: Battery systems, battery modules, and a method for cooling a battery module are provided. The battery module includes a battery cell having a first side and a second side, and a first graphite sheet disposed on the first side of the battery cell that conducts heat energy from the battery cell into the first graphite sheet to cool the battery cell. The battery module further includes a first cooling manifold coupled to the first graphite sheet that conducts heat energy from the first graphite sheet into the first cooling manifold. The first cooling manifold is further configured to receive a fluid that flows therethrough to conduct heat energy from the first cooling manifold into the fluid.

Abstract: A heat-exchanging mat to cool livestock provides for elastic water conduction channels displaced toward an upper surface of the mat and provides for cushioning placed below those elastic channels. In this way, a high degree of cushioning may be obtained without sacrificing an efficient transfer of heat into the upper surface of the mat.

Abstract: The heat dissipation device is installed on a building's exterior wall for blocking and dissipating the heat energy from sun. The heat dissipation device contains a cuboid body, a number of support elements. The cuboid body is hollow with openings on a top side and a bottom side, respectively. The support elements are positioned in the space inside the cuboid body, thereby partitioning the space into a number of heat dissipation channels. The heat dissipation channels independently connect the top and bottom openings of the cuboid body. A number of the heat dissipation devices can be installed on the outer surface of a building's exterior wall. Through the heat convection provided by the heat dissipation devices, the heat energy produced by sun is dissipated and the building's exterior wall is cooled down. The heat dissipation device can also prevent rain from permeating into the building.

Abstract: A method, comprising during a vehicle engine cold start, opening a first valve coupled between a first container containing an adsorbent and a second container containing an adsorbate, circulating a first fluid through a first conduit coupled to a first heat exchanger located within the first container and a second heat exchanger located outside the first container, and circulating a second fluid through a second conduit coupled to the second heat exchanger. In this way, heat may be generated at the adsorber during a cold start and subsequently transferred to the cooling jacket of the vehicle engine and/or other vehicle compartments, thereby decreasing the warm-up time for the engine.

Abstract: Disclosed is a temperature control apparatus having a new structure capable of enhancing efficiency by reducing evaporation of a thermal medium at a high temperature and extending a life span of a heat exchanger.

Abstract: The invention relates to an air conditioning device comprising a refrigerant circuit and a coolant circuit. The refrigerant circuit comprises at least a compressor, an internal heat exchanger, an external heat exchanger and an evaporator The coolant circuit comprises at least a first heat exchanger associated with a first component, a second heat exchanger associated with a second component and a radiator. A fluid/fluid heat exchanger is installed in the refrigerant circuit and in the coolant circuit, with the coolant circuit comprising a first loop and a second loop which are interconnected by an interconnection device. The first loop comprises the fluid/fluid heat exchanger, the first heat exchanger associated with the first component and a means for heating the coolant with the means interposed between the interconnection device and the fluid/fluid heat exchanger, the second loop comprising the second heat exchanger associated with the second component and the radiator.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing two energy level settings for a refrigerator hot water heater are provided. An exemplary refrigerator includes a refrigeration system that includes an evaporator. The refrigerator includes a defrost assembly for defrosting one or more of the evaporator or a freezer compartment. The refrigerator includes a water dispensing assembly that includes a heating element for heating a volume of water. The refrigerator includes a controller configured to operate the heating element at a first energy level when the defrost assembly is not operating and to operate the heating element at a second energy level when the defrost assembly is operating. An exemplary method includes detecting that the refrigerator is performing an energy critical task. The method includes enabling a reduced consumption of electrical power by a heating element included in a water dispensing assembly of the refrigerator when the refrigerator is performing the energy critical task.

Abstract: An outdoor unit of a refrigeration apparatus includes a heat exchanger constructed of aluminum or aluminum alloy, a floor frame, and a cap. The heat exchanger has a plurality of flat pipes arranged in rows so as to face a side face, a header manifold connected to each of the flat pipes, and a plurality of fins joined to the flat so that an exchange of heat occurs between a fluid flowing inside the flat pipes and air flowing outside the fiat pipes. The heat exchanger is mounted on the floor frame. The cap covers a lower end part of the header manifold from below the header manifold. The cap has a first drainage structure arranged so that if there is a gap between the header manifold and the cap water that has entered the cap via the gap drains out.

Abstract: A supply air unit including a supply air chamber, at least one mixing chamber nozzles or a nozzle gap through which a fresh airflow is conducted from the supply air chamber into the mixing chamber, a suction chamber into which a circulated airflow is sucked from an air-conditioned room space, and at least one outlet opening. At least one airflow controller through which an additional airflow is conducted from the supply air chamber into the suction chamber.

Abstract: Apparatuses and systems for reduction and elimination of toxic gases emitted from a motor vehicle or industrial exhaust system. The systems may be single-tier or two-tier, and include at least one direct contact heat exchanger wherein exhaust gas is condensed or dissolved in cold moist air vapor. Uncondensed and undissolved gases may be recirculated into the direct contact heat exchanger to be treated again. The systems also include at least one post-treatment tank wherein condensate liquids and gas solutions are subject to agglomeration and are finally discharged into the environment as a clean liquid. The systems provided herein may complement the existing catalytic converters used in motor vehicles.

Abstract: An energy recovery system includes a heating and cooling system having a controller and a furnace or fan coil in fluid communication with each of a return air duct and a supply air duct; and an energy recovery ventilator (ERV) having an intake air duct and an exhaust air duct, the ERV being energized by a direct electrical connection to the heating and cooling system. The return air duct is operable to receive stale conditioned air from a conditioned air space while the controller is configured for controlling the ERV to transfer energy from the stale conditioned air to an outside air stream.

Abstract: A bubble-removal device (100) includes a main body (100a) having a cylindrical barrel part (110a) and end wall parts (110b, 110c) that close both end parts of the barrel part (110a), and a pipe part extending along a center axis of the barrel part (110a), one end side of which is attached to the end wall part (110c), and the other end side of which is located inside the main body and extends toward the end wall part (110b), wherein in the main body (110), an opening H1 to introduce a refrigerant is formed and an inner surface of the barrel part (110a) has a spiral groove (116) extending spirally relative to the center axis at least on the opening H1 side.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a plate for an evaporative cooler is disclosed. The plate may comprise a wicking material with an exposed surface and a sealed surface opposite the exposed surface. An impermeable barrier may be coupled to the sealed surface. One or more masks may line a portion of the exposed surface, wherein the masks may comprise an impermeable material. In some embodiments, the mask may be a strip of impermeable material and may be coupled to a flat area of the top surface. In further embodiments, the one or more masks may align with a liquid wick path of the wicking material. In further embodiments, the one or more masks may line the edge of perforations that pass at least partially through the plate.

Abstract: An apparatus for dissipating heat from a liquid-immersed electric transformer comprises a main tank for containing the transformer and a radiator comprising one or more radiating elements positioned on a top surface of the main tank. The one or more radiating elements are each fluidly coupled to the main tank through one or more connecting ports disposed between the top surface of the main tank and a bottom end of each radiating element. Heat is transferred from the main tank to the radiator primarily via Rayleigh-Bénard convection and ultimately dissipated to ambient air from the radiator.

Abstract: A vertically oriented sulfur condenser may employ a plurality of condenser tubes arranged longitudinally within an exterior casing, a liquid sulfur reservoir at a longitudinal end of the sulfur condenser, and a condenser tube wall of at least one of the plurality of condenser tubes that protrudes into and below a liquid sulfur reservoir. A catalyst may be located within the liquid sulfur reservoir. A liquid sulfur outlet may be located at the liquid sulfur surface. A Claus process gas inlet may be proximate a first end of the plurality of condenser tubes. A first tube sheet may connect to and seal an end of the plurality of condenser tubes proximate a first end of the plurality of condenser tubes. A second tube sheet may connect to and seals with the plurality of condenser tubes and the exterior casing proximate a second end of the plurality of condenser tubes.

Abstract: A horizontal sulfur condenser may include an exterior casing with a plurality of condenser tubes arranged longitudinally within the casing, a liquid sulfur reservoir at a longitudinal end within the exterior casing, and an internal baffle that protrudes into the liquid sulfur reservoir from the surface. The lowest of the plurality of condenser tubes is parallel to a wall of the exterior casing. A Claus process gas inlet is proximate a first end of the plurality of condenser tubes, which are arranged horizontally but are positioned vertically above the sulfur reservoir. A liquid sulfur outlet is located at the liquid sulfur surface. The baffle creates multiple chambers above the sulfur reservoir, such as a first chamber defined by the exterior casing and the baffle to receive condensed Claus sulfur in the liquid reservoir, and a second chamber defined by the exterior casing and the baffle to receive degassed liquid sulfur.

Abstract: A thermally conductive dielectric interface includes a relatively hard polymer base, and a polymer upcoat disposed at first and second sides of the base. The upcoat has an intermediate condition that is relatively soft and facilitates thermal joints with respective components of an electronic assembly. Curing the upcoat layer to a finished condition solidifies such thermal joints.

Abstract: A kit for producing heat exchangers includes at least two types of heat exchanger cores in order to produce more than two different heat exchangers. The kit has a first type of heat exchanger core with a plurality of pairs of plates in order to produce a plurality of parallel flow paths between the plate pairs and a second type of heat exchanger core with a plurality of groups of three plates in order to produce a plurality of second parallel flow paths, one flow path being produced between two of each three plates.

Abstract: A heat exchanger including a stack of tubes, a cover plate, and a housing in which the stack of tubes is arranged. The housing includes first, second, and third adjacent housing sides having a respective first, second, and third housing openings each having a edge around the respective housing opening. The second housing opening is closed by the edge of the cover plate on the edge of the second housing opening. The housing further includes first and second exposed struts. The first exposed strut is positioned between the first and the second housing openings and the second exposed strut is positioned between the second and the third housing openings, and a first side of an edge of the cover plate is fastened to the first exposed strut and a second side of the edge of the cover plate is fasted to the second exposed strut.

Abstract: The invention relates to a plate-type heat exchanger, in particular for motor vehicles, having a plurality of plate pairs for forming first, second and third flow paths, a spatial region for fourth flow paths being formed between adjacent plate pairs, the plate pairs being formed from at least one first plate and a second plate in order to form the first flow paths and the second flow paths between the first and second plates, the third flow paths also being formed between the first plate and the second plate or an attachment plate being placed upon the firs and/or the second plate in order to form the third flow path between the first plate and the attachment plate and/or between the second plate and the attachment plate.

Abstract: Of four corner covers in an indoor unit, a horizontal length of an outer surface in a second corner cover is the same as a horizontal length of an outer surface in a first corner cover, a horizontal length of an outer surface in a third corner cover and a horizontal length of an outer surface in a fourth corner cover are the same and are smaller than the horizontal length of the outer surface of the first corner cover. Opening dimensions of four air outlet ports in a horizontal direction are the same.

Abstract: A plate-type heat exchanger, in particular for motor vehicles, is provided that includes a plurality of plate groups in order to form first and second and/or third flow paths, a spatial region for fourth flow paths being formed between adjacent plate groups, the plate groups having at least one plate pair having a first and second plate in order to form the first flow paths and the second flow paths, wherein a third plate can be arranged in interaction with one of the first or one of the second plates in order to form the third flow path.

Abstract: A heat exchanger which may be continuously mass-produced by press-fitting heat exchange fins into refrigerant tubes and a manufacturing method thereof. The manufacturing method includes processing a metal sheet into a plurality of rows of heat exchange fins, transferring the plurality of rows of heat exchange fins through a transfer apparatus, dividing the plurality of rows of heat exchange fins into heat exchange fins in odd-numbered rows and heat exchange fins in even-numbered rows and integrating the heat exchange fins in odd-numbered rows and even-numbered rows through integration apparatuses, vertically standing and aligning the heat exchange fins in odd-numbered rows and even-numbered rows, separating the heat exchange fins in odd-numbered rows and even-numbered rows into a number of heat exchange fins, which may be simultaneously press-fitted into refrigerant tubes, through separation apparatuses, and press-fitting the separated heat exchange fins into the refrigerant tubes.

Abstract: An outdoor unit of a refrigeration apparatus includes a heat exchanger constructed of aluminum or aluminum alloy, a floor frame supporting the heat exchanger, and a spacer disposed between the heat exchanger and the floor frame. The heat exchanger has a plurality of flat pipes, a header manifold connected to the flat pipes, and a plurality of fins joined to the flat pipes. Heat exchange occurs between a fluid flowing inside the flat pipes and air flowing outside the flat pipes. The spacer has an inclined surface and a horizontal surface. The inclined surface guides condensation from the heat exchanger to the floor frame. The horizontal surface contacts the heat exchanger and the heat exchanger is horizontally mounted on the horizontal surface.

Abstract: Materials that readily adhere to and conform to various surfaces can be desirable for a number of applications. In heat transfer and thermal management applications, for example, conformable materials can be used in establishing a thermal interface between a heat source and a heat sink. There are limited materials that provide good thermal conductivity values while maintaining capabilities to readily adhere and conform to a surface. Compositions including a conformable and adhesive solid can include a reaction product formed by heating a mixture containing a plurality of metal nanoparticles, one or more amines, and one or more carboxylic acids. The compositions can further include one or more additives dispersed in the conformable and adhesive solid.

Abstract: According to various aspects of the present disclosure, exemplary embodiments are disclosed of thermally-conductive interface assemblies suitable for use in dissipating heat from one or more components of a memory module. The thermally-conductive interface assembly may generally include a flexible heat-spreading material having first and second sides and one or more perforations extending through the flexible heat-spreading material from the first side to the second side. The flexible heat-spreading material may be sandwiched between first and second layers of soft thermal interface material. A portion of the soft thermal interface material may be disposed within the one or more perforations. The thermally-conductive interface assembly may be positioned relative to one or more components of a memory module to provide a thermally-conductive heat path from the one or more components to the first layer of soft thermal interface material.

Abstract: A heat medium discharge side of a first pump and a heat medium discharge side of a second pump are connected to a first switching valve in parallel with each other. Respective heat medium inlet sides of a plurality of temperature adjustment devices are connected to the first switching valve in parallel with each other. Respective heat medium outlet sides of the temperature adjustment devices are connected to a second switching valve in parallel with each other. A heat medium suction side of the first pump and a heat medium suction side of the second pump are connected to the second switching valve in parallel with each other. Each of the temperature adjustment devices is switched between a state in which the heat medium circulates between the device and the first pump, and another state in which the heat medium circulates between the device and the second pump.

Abstract: An illustrative system including a hermetically sealable housing having a hermetically sealable satellite display unit and a drawer. The satellite display unit is configured for reversible engagement with the housing via a satellite receptacle and includes UV light reducing display unit walls and a means for becoming hermetically sealed. The drawer is configured for reversible engagement within a drawer receptacle of the housing and at least partially seals the housing when engaged with the receptacle. The housing further includes a desiccant unit in sealed communication with the satellite display unit and the drawer, thereby enabling alteration of climates therein.

Abstract: Disclosed is an air conditioner. The air conditioner includes an outdoor unit. The air conditioner further includes an indoor unit located in a building and configured to distribute cool air to a space within the building. The air conditioner further includes an antenna unit configured to sense (i) movement of human bodies within the space or (ii) presence of human bodies located in the space and determine a number of human bodies based on the sensed presence, where the antenna unit includes a housing and a plurality of antenna arrays located on an outer surface of the housing.

Abstract: An explosive system for fracturing an underground geologic formation adjacent to a wellbore can comprise a plurality of explosive units comprising an explosive material contained within the casing, and detonation control modules electrically coupled to the plurality of explosive units and configured to cause a power pulse to be transmitted to at least one detonator of at least one of the plurality of explosive units for detonation of the explosive material. The explosive units are configured to be positioned within a wellbore in spaced apart positions relative to one another along a string with the detonation control modules positioned adjacent to the plurality of explosive units in the wellbore, such that the axial positions of the explosive units relative to the wellbore are at least partially based on geologic properties of the geologic formation adjacent the wellbore.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for testing inductively coupled downhole systems are described. An example inductive coupler assembly for use in a wellbore includes an inductive coupler fixed to a completion in the wellbore, a drill pipe, a portion of which is to be located adjacent to the inductive coupler, and a sleeve surrounding the portion of the drill pipe to reduce a reluctance of a magnetic circuit including the inductive coupler.

Abstract: A reconfigurable downhole article is disclosed. The article comprises a base material. The article also comprises a removable material disposed on or within the base material that is configured for removal from the base material in response to a wellbore condition, wherein the base material and the removable material define a base article that is configured to perform a first function, and wherein upon removal of the removable material, the base material defines a modified article that is configured to perform a second function that is different than the first function.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for performing operations such as cleaning, inspection or data acquisition on an external surface of a hollow cylindrical tubular. Preferred embodiments include providing a fluid dispenser and an abrasion assembly on a buggy that travels up and down the length of the tubular as the tubular rotates. The fluid dispenser includes nozzles that dispense cleaning fluids onto the tubular's external surface. The abrasion assembly includes a swivel brush and a brush train providing different styles of abrasion cleaning of the tubular's external surface. Preferred embodiments of the buggy also carry a range finding laser generating samples of the distance from the laser to a sampled point on the tubular's external surface. The laser samples are processed in real time into surface contour data. Cleaning and inspection variables such as tubular rotational speed, or buggy speed, may be adjusted responsive to measured surface contour data.

Abstract: An apparatus for supplying power at the surface and in a wellbore may include a downhole tool conveyed into the wellbore and a battery bank conveyed by the downhole tool. The battery bank may include a plurality of battery cells, wherein at least two cells of the plurality of battery cells have substantially different power responses to a change in an ambient temperature at the downhole tool.

Abstract: A system for pump down operations includes a diversion valve unit that is adjustable between a pumping position and a diversion position and a controller coupled to the diversion valve unit. The system further includes a fluid reservoir, a downhole fluid path between the fluid reservoir and a tool downhole, a driving unit in the downhole fluid path for advancing the tool, and a diversion fluid path between a portion of the downhole fluid path downstream of the driving unit and the fluid reservoir or another fluid receptacle. The diversion valve is in the diversion fluid path and the controller automates the diversion valve position for the diversion valve unit based on a monitored wireline speed or a monitored wireline tension for a wireline unit.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus and a method for opening and closing an automatic valve installed in the discharge line of an oil well, characterized by the installation and setup of the apparatus which controls an automatic valve, which is installed in the discharge line of the casing pipes of an oil well. In said oil well a progressive cavity pump system (PCP) has been installed, which pumps the hydrocarbon to the storage tank through the production pipe, said system maintaining the level of hydrocarbon inside the well for improved production. The apparatus to be installed in the oil well consists of three pressure transmitters, which are placed in the discharge lines of the production pipes, casing pipes and in the discharge line going into the storage tank near the well. In addition, in the storage tank, a radar-type level transmitter is installed to keep monitoring the production from the oil well.

Abstract: A method may include forming a borehole in a subterranean formation, lining at least part of the borehole with an electrically conductive casing, and injecting a fracturing fluid, a proppant, and a sensing additive into the borehole to form a propped fracture pattern. The method may further include driving the electrically conductive casing so that the sensing additive generates an electromagnetic (EM) field, sensing the EM field, and mapping the propped fracture pattern based upon the sensed EM field.

Abstract: An electro-mechanical indicator system for signaling when a droppable object (such as, for example, a dart, plug or ball) is released during well cementing operations. A body section has first and second chambers divided by a fluid and pressure sealing barrier. A mechanical trigger mechanism is situated in the first chamber, which is exposed to elevated pressures and harsh wellbore fluids. Less robust components, such as sensor(s), power source(s), and signal device(s) located in the second chamber, remain isolated from the wellbore environment and elevated pressures.

Abstract: Methods of treating a fracture in a subterranean formation including providing a proppant-free fluid comprising a first gelling agent; providing a proppant fluid comprising a second gelling agent and proppant aggregates, wherein the proppant-free fluid and the proppant fluid are substantially immiscible; continuously pumping the proppant-free fluid into the subterranean formation; continuously pumping the proppant fluid into the subterranean formation, wherein the proppant-free fluid and the proppant fluid are present simultaneously in a portion of the subterranean formation but remain immiscible; placing the proppant aggregates into a portion of the fracture in the subterranean formation so as to form a proppant pack having proppant-free channels therein.