Abstract: The present disclosure provides a receiver, a transmitter and methods of operating a receiver and a transmitter. In one embodiment, the receiver includes a receive portion employing transmission signals from a transmitter, having multiple transmit antennas, that is capable of transmitting at least one spatial codeword and adapting a transmission rank. The receiver also includes a feedback generator portion configured to provide a channel quality indicator that is feedback to the transmitter, wherein the channel quality indicator corresponds to at least one transmission rank.

Abstract: According to certain aspects, embodiments of the invention relate to methods and apparatuses to detect loss of connectivity due to improper connection near the CPE modem (i.e. small loop condition) based on the analysis of SELT. In embodiments, this condition is detected based on separately analyzing the location and levels of time domain signals associated with different transmission bands in an xDSL bandplan.

Abstract: Apparatus comprises a receiver receiving wireless transmission of a real radio system from at least one base station of a radio system as a function of reception direction. The transmission comprises predetermined data. The apparatus comprises also a processing unit that forms taps of a delay profile on the basis of comparison between the data that is received and corresponding predetermined data. The processing unit estimates direction for the taps of the delay profile on the basis of a reception direction of the transmission, and forms radio channel data by associating the taps of the delay profile with the estimated direction. The radio channel data is for a radio channel model of a MIMO emulation in an OTA chamber having a plurality of antennas around a test zone where a device-under-test may be placed.

Abstract: A receiver includes a phase click detector, a controller, and a comparator. The phase click detector detects phase clicks in an input signal, where a phase click corresponds to a change in phase of at least a first threshold. The controller is coupled to the phase click detector for calculating a number of phase clicks within one or more time periods. The comparator compares the number of phase clicks within the one or more time periods, and provides an arrival signal if the number of phase clicks is less than a second threshold.

Abstract: An apparatus for encoding data signals includes a transmitter configured to encode and transmit a data signal over a communication channel, the transmitter including a precoder; a signal shaper configured to adjust the data signal by applying an equalization setting to the data signal, the equalization setting including an amplitude and offset and transmit the adjusted data signal to the precoder; and a processing unit. The processing unit is configured to perform: receiving channel coefficients associated with the communication channel; for each of a plurality of amplitude settings and a plurality of offset settings, calculating whether a modulo amplitude level would occur at a receiver using a modulo operation; selecting the equalization setting from the plurality of amplitude settings and the plurality of offset settings based on the calculation; and transmitting a control signal specifying the equalization setting to the signal shaper.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein provide systems and methods for determining properties of a channel response in frequency and time at a subcarrier basis. The determined properties of the channel may include a power delay profile (PDP), channel impulse response, attenuation and phase response over frequency and time, and antenna correlation over the wireless network.

Abstract: A signal transmission system has a modulation signal converter 1 that generates a modulation signal using a Manchester code with a duty ratio of 50% in accordance with transmission data; a clock generator 6 that generates a clock with the amount of delay with respect to the rising or falling edge of the modulation signal; and a data detector 5 that generates received data by sampling the modulation signal in synchronization with the clock. Since the modulation signal converter 1 generates the modulation signal by combining the Manchester code with the duty ratio of 50%, its duty ratio is always 50% independently of the transmission data, thereby preventing the DC offset of the modulation signal on the receiving side. Accordingly, it offers an advantage of achieving good communication quality with a simple circuit configuration without producing the DC offset in the modulation signal on the receiving side.

Abstract: A method for diagonal processing of video data includes separating diagonally arranged data from rectilinearly arranged data in a video stream, rotating the diagonally arranged data to a rectilinear position; and compressing the rotated diagonally arranged data by a rectilinear compression algorithm. Alternatively stated, the method includes recognizing diagonally arranged data in a video stream, processing the diagonally arranged data into rectilinear data, and compressing the rectilinear data by a rectilinear compression algorithm.

Abstract: Presented systems and methods facilitate screen content coding. A system can comprises: a processing component configured to execute coding operations and a storage component configured to store information for the processing component, including the color table and color index map. The coding operations can include: receiving information associated with a plurality of pixels; creating a color table, the color table includes color values (e.g., of the pixels) and corresponding indices; creating a color index map wherein each index of the color map maps a pixel to an index value of the color table; and performing coding operations corresponding to the color table and color index map. In one exemplary implementation, index values of the color table are encoded/decoded during color table and index map coding rather than the actual raw color values for each pixel. Various types of compression and coding can be implemented (e.g., lossless, lossy, intra-prediction, inter-prediction, etc.).

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for decoding of a video bitstream are disclosed. In one embodiment, the method comprises: decoding a first coded block flag (cbf) of the color component indicating whether a current coding unit (CU) of the color component has at least one non-zero transform coefficient (830). According to the first cbf of the color component, the method further comprises decoding four second cbfs, each indicating whether one of four sub-blocks in the current CU of the color component has at least one non-zero transform coefficient (850). The residual quad-tree (RQT) of the current CU of the color component is determined based on the first cbf of the color component (870), or based on the first cbf and the second cbfs of the color component if the second cbfs exist (860).

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an image processing device and method that enable efficient decoding of a picture partitioned into tiles. Upon being supplied with a tile initial QP from a tile initial QP buffer, a differential QP generation unit acquires a picture initial QP by sending a request to a picture initial QP buffer. The differential QP generation unit generates a differential QP between the picture initial QP and the tile initial QP, and supplies the generated differential QP to a syntax setting unit 161. The syntax setting unit sets the differential QP between the picture initial QP and the tile initial QP, near the beginning of the corresponding tile in an encoded stream, as the initial value of the quantization parameter for the tile (TILE_int_QP). The present disclosure is applicable to, for example, an image processing device.

Abstract: An entropy coding module is provided for use in a video encoder that encodes a video input signal based on a plurality of macroblocks derived from the video input signal. The entropy coding module includes an entropy coder that generates entropy encoded data from discrete transformed coefficients for the plurality of macroblocks. A neighbor management module stores neighbor data for at least one macroblock of the plurality of macroblocks for retrieval by the entropy encoder, when operating on at least one neighboring macroblock of the plurality of macroblocks.

Abstract: A method includes determining that a reference video frame of a predicted frame or a bi-predicted frame, corresponding to a point in time of beginning of a non-sequential playback of video data and currently being decoded, is unavailable or corrupt. The method also includes determining if a reference video frame utilized most recently with reference to the point in time to decode another video frame is available in the memory. Further, the method includes decoding the predicted frame or the bi-predicted frame based on employing the reference video frame utilized most recently as a reference video frame thereof if the reference video frame utilized most recently is determined to be available; if not, the decoding is based on employing a video frame of the video data in the memory temporally closest to the point in time as the reference video frame of the predicted frame or the bi-predicted frame.

Abstract: A device for motion vector reuse for adaptive bit rate streaming may include a first encoder, a second encoder, and a network interface. The first encoder may be configured to perform motion estimation on a video content item to generate motion vectors for the video content item and to encode the video content item using the generated motion vectors and based at least in part on a first adaptive bit rate (ABR) profile to generate a first encoded stream. The second encoder may be configured to encode the video content item using the motion vectors generated by the first encoder and based at least in part on a second ABR profile to generate a second encoded stream. The network interface may be configured to initiate transmission of segments of the first and second encoded streams in response to requests therefor.

Abstract: This invention discloses an encoding apparatus and a decoding apparatus for scalable video coding such that a non-scalable video decoder is usable for decoding a scalable video bit-stream comprising a base layer bit-stream and an enhancement layer bit-stream. In one embodiment, a source video frame is downscaled to give a downscaled video frame, which is then encoded into the base layer bit-stream. The difference between the source video frame and an up-scaled video frame reconstructed from the downscaled video frame in the base layer bit-stream yields a residual frame. The residual frame is partitioned into a number of residual sub-frames each having a resolution that is the downscaled video frame's resolution. The residual sub-frames are encoded into the enhancement layer bit-stream. Thereby, a non-scalable encoder is usable to encode both the downscaled video frame and the residual sub-frames, allowing both bit-streams to be decodable by employing only one non-scalable decoder.

Abstract: In accordance with one or more techniques of this disclosure, a video coder may divide a current prediction unit (PU) into a plurality of sub-PUs. Each of the sub-PUs may have a size smaller than a size of the PU. Furthermore, the current PU may be in a depth view of the multi-view video data. For each respective sub-PU from the plurality of sub-PUs, the video coder may identify a reference block for the respective sub-PU. The reference block may be co-located with the respective sub-PU in a texture view corresponding to the depth view. The video coder may use motion parameters of the identified reference block for the respective sub-PU to determine motion parameters for the respective sub-PU.

Abstract: The present technique relates to a decoding device and a decoding method, and an encoding device and an encoding method, capable of performing encoding and decoding independently in the time direction for each tile. A decoding unit generates a prediction image by performing, for each of tiles, motion compensation of a reference image within a co-located tile based on tile splittable information indicating that decoding is allowed for each of the tiles and motion vector information representing a motion vector used for generating encoded data of a decoding target current image when a picture of the current image is split into the tiles and decoded. The decoding unit decodes the encoded data using the prediction image. The present technique is applicable to a decoding device, for example.

Abstract: An image coding method is provided for coding, on a per-block basis, pictures each including slices. The method involves estimating a current motion vector which is a motion vector of a current block to be coded and specifies a reference block included in a reference picture; generating a prediction image block by allocating a value of an inside pixel to an outside pixel, the inside pixel being a pixel located inside an associated slice, the outside pixel being a pixel located outside the associated slice and included in the reference block specified by the current motion vector, and the associated slice being a slice included in the reference picture and corresponding to a current slice to be coded which includes the current block; subtracting the prediction image block from the current block to generate a difference image block; and coding the current motion vector and the difference image block.

Abstract: A method operates within an integrated circuit device having a plurality of processing lanes. The method determines a first number of packs among one or more first packs associated with a first processing lane of the plurality of processing lanes, associates the first number of packs with a first used field of the first processing lane, determines a second number of packs among one or more second packs associated with a second processing lane of the plurality of processing lanes, and associates the second number of packs with a second used field of the second processing lane.

Abstract: A method of predicting a forward motion vector for a current block in a current picture includes obtaining, by the moving picture decoding device, at least three motion vectors for at least three blocks other than the current block based on a direction of a reference picture, wherein the direction of the reference picture is based on a display order of the reference picture and a display order of the current picture, and the at least three blocks are not in an intra mode, predicting, by the moving picture decoding device, the forward motion vector for the current block by using a median operation of the at least three motion vectors and decoding the current block in the current picture using the predicted forward motion vector for the current block.

Abstract: A method of predicting a motion vector for a current block in a current picture includes obtaining, by the moving picture decoding device, at least three motion vectors for at least three blocks other than the current block based on a direction of a reference picture, wherein the direction of the reference picture is based on a display order of the reference picture and a display order of the current picture, and the at least three blocks are not in an intra mode and predicting, by the moving picture decoding device, the motion vector for the current block by using a median operation of the at least three motion vectors.

Abstract: A method of predicting a motion vector for a current block in a current picture includes obtaining, by the moving picture decoding device, at least three motion vectors for at least three blocks other than the current block based on a direction of a reference picture, wherein the direction of the reference picture is based on a display order of the reference picture and a display order of the current picture, predicting, by the moving picture decoding device, the motion vector for the current block by using a median operation of the at least three motion vectors and decoding the current block in the current picture using the predicted motion vector for the current block.

Abstract: A method of predicting a motion vector for a current block in a current picture includes obtaining, by the moving picture decoding device, at least three motion vectors for at least three blocks other than the current block based on a direction of a reference picture, wherein the direction of the reference picture is based on a display order of the reference picture and a display order of the current picture, the at least three motion vectors correspond to the at least three other blocks, respectively, and the at least three blocks are not in an intra mode, predicting, by the moving picture decoding device, the motion vector for the current block by using a median operation of the at least three motion vectors and decoding the current block in the current picture using the predicted motion vector for the current block.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for decoding and encoding video are provided. A method includes obtaining bit strings corresponding to current transformation coefficient level information by arithmetic decoding a bitstream based on a context model that indicates a probability as to whether a bit from a bit string is a one or a zero, updating or maintaining a previous binarization parameter based on a comparison of a predetermined value and a size of a previous transformation coefficient, obtaining the current transformation coefficient level information by performing de-binarization of the bit strings using the determined current binarization parameter, and generating a size of a current transformation coefficient using the current transformation coefficient level information.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are described for performing video encoding mode decisions in a video transcoding system. A down-scaled frame may be received that includes at least one macroblock. The down-scaled frame may be associated with a full-scale frame having a plurality of macroblocks that have been downsampled. A weighting factor and a distance measure factor may be determined for each of the macroblocks in the full-scale frame. Predicted blocks may be generated based on the weighting and distance measure factors.

Abstract: An image coding method includes: writing, into a sequence parameter set, buffer description defining information for defining a plurality of buffer descriptions; writing, into the sequence parameter set, reference list description defining information for defining a plurality of reference list descriptions corresponding to the buffer descriptions; and writing, into a first header of each processing unit which is included in a coded bitstream, buffer description selecting information for specifying a selected buffer description.

Abstract: Improved techniques for streaming video quality analysis are described. In one embodiment, for example, an apparatus may comprise a processor element, an identification component for execution by the processor element to determine frame identifications for each of a set of tagged video frames based on frame identifiers contained in the tagged video frames, each frame identifier comprising multiple markers, each marker comprising a macroblock pattern corresponding to a symbol according to a frame identification scheme, and an analysis component for execution by the processor element to determine one or more quality metrics by comparing the set of tagged video frames with a set of reference video frames based on the frame identifications. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Abstract: The image coding method for coding an input image includes: converting, into a bin string, an offset value used in an offset process to be applied to a pixel value of a reconstructed image corresponding to the input image; and performing bypass arithmetic coding on the bin string using a fixed probability.

Abstract: Provided are video encoding and decoding methods and apparatuses for parallel processing. The video decoding method includes obtaining a parallel processing syntax indicating a parallel processing type that is applied to a second data unit of a lower level from a first data unit header of an upper level, obtaining a parallel processing flag indicating whether the parallel processing type is applied to the second data unit from a second data unit header, and determining whether the parallel processing type is applied to the second data unit based on the obtained parallel processing flag.

Abstract: In general, the disclosure relates to encoding and decoding a block of video data associated with three-dimensional (3D) video. A video coding device determines whether a depth condition associated with the block of video data should be set to valid within a coded bitstream. When the depth condition should be set to valid, the video coding device sets the depth condition to valid and encodes the block of video data using at least one camera parameter. The video coding device then determines whether the depth condition is valid. When the depth condition is valid, the video coding device decodes the block of video data using at least one camera parameter.

Abstract: A media processing device includes a transmission interface to transmit an output media stream based on an output clock signal, whereby output video stream includes a representation (e.g., a transcoded representation) of an input media stream. The media processing device further includes a clock drift module to generate a stream of average clock drift values representing differences between a local system time clock and clock references of the input media stream and a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller to filter the stream of average clock drift values to generate a stream of filtered average clock drift values. The media processing device further includes a clock adjust module to adjust the output clock signal based on the stream of filtered average clock drift values.

Abstract: Systems for communicating over a communication interface are provided. An integrated circuit includes circuitry for monitoring a current flowing between two terminals of the integrated circuit. The integrated circuit also includes a voltage driver circuit for modulating a voltage between two terminals of the integrated circuit. The voltage driver modulates the voltage across the two terminals of the integrated circuit to encode data according to the Highway Addressable Remote Transducer protocol.

Abstract: The present invention relates to subframe configuration information for half duplex frequency duplex (HD-FDD) or time division duplex (TDD). The subframe configuration indicates which of a predefined plurality of continuous subframes is a subframe for downlink reception, which of the plurality of contiguous subframes is a subframe for uplink transmission, or which of the plurality of contiguous subframes is a special subframe that includes at least one OFDM symbol for the downlink reception and at least one OFDM symbol for the uplink transmission.

Abstract: The number of active antenna ports used for uplink and/or downlink MIMO transmissions to a given user are dynamically adjusted, based on user data traffic payload size per period of time, and based on RF conditions. An example method, in a radio transceiver that supports two or more MIMO transmission and reception modes, begins with evaluating channel conditions between the radio transceiver and a remote wireless device and comparing a throughput demand for the remote wireless device to a forward link capacity and/or reverse link capacity. A forward link transmission mode or a reverse link transmission mode is changed, based on the channel conditions and the throughput demand. The transmission mode is changed from a first multi-stream mode to a second multi-stream mode having fewer streams than the first multi-stream mode, despite that channel conditions for the corresponding link support the first multi-stream mode.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and a device for Multi-resolution PMI Feedback. In one implementation, a user equipment finds a rank 1 or rank 2 Precoding Matrix Indicator based on the signal channel matrix and interference covariance matrix, defines an error vector, obtains an orthonormal basis for the projection matrix, finds the (M?1)-dimensional vector from a codebook (e.g., oversampled Discrete Fourier Transform) with the minimum Euclidean distance, and sends a feedback representing to the base station regarding the vector that it found in the codebook.

Abstract: When precoding information corresponding to data items of respective layers to be transmitted is received from an upper layer, an encoding apparatus of a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) communication system selects a precoding matrix among a plurality of precoding matrices stored in a storage using the precoding information and precodes the data items of the respective layers by simple operations consisting of at least one operation combination of addition, subtraction, selection, and inversion operations in accordance with a kind of the selected precoding matrix and a precoding operation pattern.

Abstract: Systems and techniques for interference avoidance beamforming transmissions are described. A described technique includes accessing, at a first device, data for transmission to a second device; performing, at the first device, a channel sounding process with a third device to obtain channel feedback regarding a wireless channel between the first device and the third device; determining a steering matrix based on the channel feedback to reduce interference leakage received by the third device during a beamforming transmission from the first device to the second device; and performing, at the first device, the beamforming transmission to the second device based on the data and the steering matrix.

Abstract: A transmitter generates and transmits a low rate signal to its intended receiver. Upon receiving the low rate signal, the intended receiver generates and transmits a channel sounding response (CSR), said CSR being a short burst having a predefined transmit format and carrying predetermined information. The transmitter then analyzes the CSR and determines uplink channel response, estimates downlink channel response, and determines appropriate transmit parameter settings based on the analysis and downlink response estimate. Adjustment of the transmit parameters can be made in either the MAC or PHY layer or in a combination of both. After adjusting its transmit parameters and modulating sub-carriers with user-data according to the determined transmit settings, the transmitter transmits the user-data to the receiver on a preferred portion of bandwidth.

Abstract: A computing system includes: a communication unit configured to: identify an overall communication content or a portion therein for blind-joint transmission with a second device for utilizing the second device and a third device to send the overall communication content to a first device, generate a first encoded set corresponding to the overall communication content or the portion therein for communicating the overall communication content along with a second encoded set for the third device, determine a first pre-coding mechanism associated with the first encoded set for communicating the overall communication content with overload transmission mode including a second pre-coding mechanism for the third device; and an inter-device interface, coupled to the communication unit, configured to communicate a first transmitter signal based on the first encoded set and the first pre-coding mechanism for communicating the first transmitter signal concurrently with a second transmitter signal from the third device.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for radio resources control in a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) communication system are disclosed. Radio resources are controlled by producing and applying a respective adaptive modulation and coding to each data stream. Applying a respective transmit power level to that data stream and mapping that data stream to a plurality of antennas. Each of the plurality of data streams are transmitted over different subcarriers, has a different adaptive modulation and coding (AM&C) and a different transmit power than others of the plurality of data streams.

Abstract: A user-device implemented method includes encoding a first digital signal to generate a first digital baseband signal and modulate the first digital baseband signal to generate one or more RF signals corresponding to one or more frequency bands. The one or more RF signals are transmitted via one or more antennas. Substantially simultaneously with the transmission of the one or more RF signals, a second one or more RF signals is received via the one or more antennas. The second one or more RF signals are demodulated to generate a second digital baseband signal. The first digital baseband signal is subtracted from the second digital baseband signal to generate a modified second digital baseband signal.

Abstract: For crest factor reduction in a first signal having first and second components, the first component is delayed. A second signal is generated in response to detecting that a peak in the first component exceeds a predetermined threshold. Amplitude of the peak in the first component is reduced in response to detecting that the peak in the first component exceeds the predetermined threshold. Reducing amplitude of the peak in the first component includes adding the second signal to the delayed first component.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for transmitting broadcast signals thereof are disclosed. The method for transmitting broadcast signals includes processing input streams into BB frames in PLPs; encoding data of the PLPs; building at least one signal frame by mapping the encoded data of the PLPs; and modulating data in the built signal frame by OFDM method and transmitting the broadcast signals having the modulated data, wherein at least one of the BB frames includes a stuffing field and a first indicator describing whether the stuffing field is included in the BB frame.

Abstract: In a method of generating a field of a physical layer (PHY) header of a data unit, bits to be included in the field are generated and the bits are duplicated to generate duplicated bits. First modulation data is generated based on the duplicated bits. The first modulation data corresponds to a first set of orthogonal frequency domain multiplexing (OFDM) sub-carriers corresponding to a first frequency band. Second modulation data is generated using the first modulation data. The second modulation data corresponds to a second set of OFDM sub-carriers corresponding to a second frequency band. One or more signals i) that span the first frequency band and the second frequency band and ii) that correspond to field of the PHY header are generated. Generating the one or more signals includes performing a frequency domain to time domain conversion based on the first modulation data and the second modulation data.

Abstract: A transmission module is provided that includes a transmitter, a loopback receiver, and a QEC controller. In a first state, the QEC controller calibrates the loopback receiver to remove quadrature imbalance in the loopback receiver. In a second state, a communication pathway is provided between the transmitter and the loopback receiver, and the QEC controller identifies quadrature imbalance in the transmitter based at least one a comparison of the data signals at the output of the loopback receiver with data signals at the input of the transmitter. Based on the comparison, the QEC controller can adjust one or more characteristics of the transmitter to correct quadrature errors in the transmitter.

Abstract: A transmission module is provided that includes a transmitter, a loopback receiver, and a QEC controller. The QEC controller identifies quadrature imbalance in the transmitter based at least one a comparison of the data signals at the output of the loopback receiver with data signals at the input of the transmitter. Based on the comparison, the QEC controller can adjust one or more characteristics of the transmitter to correct quadrature errors in the transmitter.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for compensating output signals of a magnetic encoder are disclosed. The apparatus includes a pre-calibration unit, an advanced phase detector, a loop filter, a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), and a pulse generator. The pre-calibration unit obtains two phase-compensated waveforms through trigonometric function operations, and adjusts the amplitudes of the two phase-compensated waveforms to the same value, thereby generating input sine and cosine waves. The advanced phase detector generates an error output signal through trigonometric function operations. The loop filter sets the filter transfer function of an active lead-lag filter, and then filters the error output signal. The VCO generates a compensated signal. The pulse generator outputs a phase index, and generates two output pulses having a phase difference of 90 degrees in accordance with a pulse generation rule of a look-up table.

Abstract: The transmission path of a communication device includes, in part, N upconverters each of which receives M phases of a signal to be transmitted. Each upconverter further receives one of N sets of phases of a LO signal. Each of the N sets includes M phases of the LO signal. The communication device further includes at least one combiner, and N amplifiers each responsive to a different one of the N upconverters to generate N amplified signals. The combiner combines the N amplified signals to generate an output signal. By selecting the gain of one of the amplifiers to be different than the gain of the remaining amplifiers, the undesired harmonics of the signal to be transmitted, caused by non-linearity of the amplifiers, is reduced. Each upconverter optionally includes a multitude of upconverters whose outputs are combined to further reduce the spurious harmonic upconversion products and the counter-intermodulation distortion (IM3).

Abstract: A receiver circuit includes: first and second phase adjusters that generate first and second clock signals; first and second determinators that perform binary determination on input data in synchronization with the first and second clock signals; a phase detection circuit that detects a phase on the basis of determination values of the first and the second determinators; a filter that performs filtering on the detected phase and thereby outputs first phase information to the second phase adjuster; an adder that adds a shift amount to the first phase information and thereby outputs second phase information to the first phase adjuster; and a corrector that outputs third phase information for decreasing variation in phase difference of the first clock signal with respect to the second clock signal to the first phase adjuster.

Abstract: A receiver estimates a vector of emitted symbols over a MIMO transmission channel which are emitted by a emitting antennas. The receiver receives a vector of received symbols on receiving antennas. Estimation of the vector of emitted symbols is made by calculating a metric associated with a criterion for each vector of a subset of all possible vectors of emitted symbols and selecting an estimation for said vector of emitted symbol as the vector of emitted symbols among said subset which minimizes said metric.