Abstract: A swing closure element (1), comprising: —a fixed structure (10) rigidly constrainable to an opening (11) of a door or window or the like, —a first movable wing (20) constrained to said fixed structure (10) by a first hinge constraint (21) so as to be pivotable about a first rotation axis (Z1), according to a predetermined opening rotation direction (W1), —a second movable wing (30) constrained to said first wing by said second hinge constraint (31) so as to be pivotable with respect to the first wing (20) about a second rotation axis (Z2), the first and the second wing (20, 30) being movable between a first closed configuration wherein they are coplanarly arranged to close the opening (11) and a second open configuration, —an articulated, quadrilateral mechanism (50, 50?) connected to the fixed structure (10) and to the second wing (30) comprising at least one stiffening member (61, 61?, 62, 62?) pivotably constrained to said first wing (20) and to a movable member (53, 53?) of said mechanism (50, 50?) conne

Abstract: A window privacy device includes a pair of opposite sides, a header, and a bottom, the pair of opposite sides, the header and the bottom forming a boundary for a window, the window permitting vision through a door or wall, the privacy device including a roller assembly having a privacy screen, the roller assembly being engaged to the header wherein the privacy screen has a first operative drawn vision obstruction position and a second retracted vision non-obstruction position.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a lifting door assembly (1A), in particular a clean room door assembly, comprising a lifting door (2) which has a door leaf (3), an end plate (4), and a door leaf accommodating device (5). The lifting door assembly (1A) also contains a door lintel sealing device (20A) which is provided in the area of a door lintel in such a way that the door lintel sealing device produces a sealing effect between the lifting door (2) and the door lintel. At least one part (10B) of the door lintel sealing device (20A) is pivotably retained by means of a hinge and, when the lifting door (2) is opened, can be pivoted from a door leaf plane by an actuating device in the area of the end plate (4) in such a way that the end plate (4) is arranged substantially completely outside the area of a door opening (O) in the opened state of the lifting door (2).

Abstract: A method was developed for: a) improving the filterability of acid-precipitated lignin from kraft black liquors, b) increasing the dry solids content of the final lignin product, c) reducing the acid requirements and d) minimizing or eliminating TRS emissions during the acidification of black liquor to produce lignin and/or the subsequent suspension of the lignin in acid and/or the washing of the lignin with acid. No major difference in the chemical composition, MWD and main functional groups was found in the lignin of the present invention compared with lignins produced by conventional methods.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a process for preparing self-binding pigment particles from an aqueous suspension of calcium carbonate containing material, wherein an anionic binder and at least one cationic polymer are mixed with the suspension.

Abstract: A water-resistant/oil-resistant agent for paper containing (I) a fluorine-containing copolymer including repeating units derived from: (a) a fluorine-containing monomer that has a fluoroalkyl group and that is represented by general formula (1): CH2?C(—X)—C(?O)—Y—Z—Rf (where X is a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1-21 carbon atoms, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom, or the like; Y is —O— or —NH—; Z is an aliphatic group having 1-10 carbon atoms, an aromatic group having 6-10 carbon atoms, a cycloaliphatic group, or the like; and Rf is a linear or branched fluoroalkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms), and (b) a (meth)acrylate monomer containing no fluorine atoms; and (II) a polypropylene glycol compound. Also disclosed is a method for treating paper, a treated paper and a composition for treating paper containing the water-resistant/oil resistant agent.

Abstract: A hydrophobically sized fibrous web layer, preparation of a fibrous web or a fibre-based coating, a multiplayer board product having at least a middle layer formed of said fibrous web, as well as use of a heat-sensitive surfactant for said methods and products, whereby microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) and hydrophobic size are brought to a foam with water and the heat-sensitive surfactant, the foam is supplied to a forming fabric of a paper or board machine, dewatered by suction of air through the forming fabric, and dried to a web product. Alternatively the foam may be supplied onto a premade fibrous web and dried to form a coating layer. The hydrophilic functionality of the surfactant contained in the web may be destroyed by heating. Pulp of a greater fibre length, such as CTMP, may be included, to provide improved wet and dry tensile strength for the paper and board products.

Abstract: The sheet manufacturing apparatus includes the defibrating unit configured to carry out a dry-type defibrating process on defibration object by rotating a rotating unit, and manufactures sheets by accumulating and heating at least a portion of defibrated material on which the dry-type defibrating process is carried out. The rotating unit includes a rotor that has a plurality of protruding sections on an outer circumference of the rotor, and a feeding blade configured to generate a flow of air and arranged on a side section of the rotor on a side of the input section for the defibration object.

Abstract: The sheet manufacturing apparatus in the present invention includes a defibration unit configured to cause a rotating unit to rotate and dry-defibrating a defibration object, and at least a part of defibrated material that has been dry-defibrated is deposited and heated to manufacture a sheet. A plurality of rotating plates provided with a base section located on a central rotation axis side and a plurality of protruding sections that protrude out in a direction drawing away from the central rotation axis are stacked in the rotating unit such that the protruding sections are in contact in a direction in which the central rotation axis extends.

Abstract: A sheet manufacturing apparatus includes a web forming unit configured to form a web that includes fibers and a resin, a transferring unit configured to transfer the web that has been formed, a first cutting unit configured to cut the web in a direction intersecting with a transfer direction of the web being transferred, and a heating unit having a first roller configured to heat the web that has been cut.

Abstract: An endless fabric belt for use in a paper, cardboard or tissue machine has machine-direction threads and cross-machine-direction threads. At least part of the threads are yarns composed substantially of a thermoplastic polymer material which is transparent for light of a wavelength. The fabric belt is a flat-weave with two front-side ends that are subsequently connected by bringing together end sections of the machine-direction threads in pairs with the formation of junction points and are woven with cross-machine-direction threads, forming a seam region. A material-to-material bond is formed in the seam region by absorbing light at the wavelength at yarn contact points. In the seam region, a plurality of spaced-apart, strip-shaped fabric sections are formed, in which the junction points and the yarn contact points which are connected to one another are arranged, and one strip-shaped fabric section without junction points is formed between two immediately adjacent fabric sections having the junction points.

Abstract: A sheet manufacturing apparatus includes a transferring unit configured to transfer a web which includes fibers and resin and accumulates on the transferring unit, and a heating unit configured to heat the web. The transferring unit has a first surface onto which the web is transferred, and a second surface onto which the web is transferred and which is positioned on a downstream side of the first surface in the transfer direction of the web, and an angle which is formed by the first surface and the second surface is less than 90 degrees.

Abstract: A sheet manufacturing apparatus includes a web forming unit configured to form a web which includes fibers and resin, and a first pressurizing unit and a second pressurizing unit configured to pressurize the web. The first pressurizing unit has a separation layer, is positioned on an upstream side of the second pressurizing unit in a transfer direction of the web, and is configured to heat the web. The second pressurizing unit is positioned on a downstream side of the first pressurizing unit in the transfer direction of the web, does not have a separation layer, and is configured not to heat the web. The pressurizing force from the first pressurizing unit is smaller than the pressurizing force from the second pressurizing unit.

Abstract: The position of the molding geometry of an assembled mold relative to a CAD data set is determined so the dimensional accuracy of the cast part to be produced can be evaluated. The position of the molding geometry of a first mold part is measured and compared to a desired position according to a CAD data set. The position is adjusted to optimally adapt it to within tolerances. The first mold part is maintained in its adjusted position while the position of the molding geometry of a second mold part is measured and compared to a desired position according to the CAD data set. The position of the second mold part is adjusted to optimally adapt it to within tolerances. Thereafter, the mold parts are fixed together with a curable molding material deposited into spaces in the mold parts that is allowed to harden.

Abstract: A method of producing a Metal Matrix Composite (MMC) with uniform surface layers is disclosed. First, a low volume fraction compressible discontinuous ceramic fiber paper is set on the base of a mold cavity. Next, an array of reinforcement preform(s) (1×1,2×2, 4×4, 2×8, etc) are set in the mold on top of the ceramic fiber paper. A top layer of ceramic fiber paper is next placed on the array of reinforcement preforms and the mold cover seals the mold. The reinforcement porous preform(s) are held to the center of the mold cavity when the sealed mold compresses the top and bottom layers of ceramic fiber paper. The ceramic fiber paper exerts an equal and opposite force on the reinforcement preform(s) within the closed mold centering the preform(s) within the mold cavity. The mold cavity is next infiltrated under pressure with molten metal allowing for metal to penetrate into any open porosity of the ceramic fiber paper, reinforcement preform(s), and areas within the mold cavity that contain open spaces.

Abstract: A process for making a turbine rotor includes steps of providing a shaft made of a first metal composition and having an integral pin projecting axially therefrom, providing a mold that defines a cavity for investment casting a turbine wheel, disposing the pin within the cavity of the mold, pre-heating the mold and the pin to a mold temperature, pouring a molten second metal composition into the cavity of the pre-heated mold such that the molten second metal composition envelopes the pin within the cavity, and controlling the process so that the pin acts as a chill member causing the second metal composition around the chill member to solidify with a finer equiaxed grain structure than would be the case without the chill member. The turbine wheel is joined to the shaft via the casting of the turbine wheel about the pin.

Abstract: A process for casting a turbine wheel includes steps of identifying a metal composition from which the turbine wheel is to be cast, providing a mold that defines a cavity into which molten metal composition is to be poured for casting the wheel, providing a seed member made of the metal composition and having an equiaxed grain structure, disposing at least a portion of the seed member within the cavity of the mold, pouring the molten metal composition into the cavity such that the molten metal composition envelopes the portion of the seed member within the cavity, and controlling the process so that the portion of the seed member at least partially melts through contact with the molten metal composition and so that, upon cooling, the metal composition around the seed member solidifies with an equiaxed grain structure as precipitated by the equiaxed grain structure of the seed member.

Abstract: A composite core for forming a passage in an investment casting mold is provided including a core element. A generally hollow structural element is positioned about an exterior of the core element. The structural element is configured to deform when a force is applied to the structural element. A rigid shell element is integrally formed about the structural element. The shell element is configured to break when the structural element deforms.

Abstract: A computer determines a thickness and/or a temperature of a metal strip. The computer determines the temperatures occurring along a respective rotation part of the respective surface elements of the rotary elements and a rotary element shape which forms in the region of a draw-off point on the respective surface element, by a respective rotary element model and using an exchanged enthalpy quantity, the respective contact time with a metal and a respective cycle time exchanged per time unit of a respective rotary element of a casting device with the environment thereof. The temperature of the metal situated in the die region, and the heat flow from the metal to the respective surface element, are determined by a respective metallurgical solidification model and using a metal temperature, the temperatures of the surface elements, the rotary element shape and characteristic metal values.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a die cast article is disclosed and includes forming an insert with an additive manufacturing process to define a cavity for generating desired part geometry. The insert is then mounted within a mold tool, material is injected into the cavity to fill the cavity and form a cast article.

Abstract: Systems and methods for air conditioning a building using an energy recovery wheel are provided. An exemplary system includes a rotatable energy recovery wheel configured to rotate successively through a recirculated air stream and a second air stream separate from the recirculated air stream, and a refrigeration circuit configured to circulate a refrigerant through a cooling coil arranged in the recirculated air stream and a condenser arranged in the second air stream. The refrigeration circuit includes a pressure sensor configured to measure a condensing head pressure. The system further includes one or more temperature sensors configured to measure a temperature of the recirculated air stream upstream of the energy recovery wheel and downstream of the energy recovery wheel, and a controller configured to operate the energy recovery wheel and the refrigeration circuit based on the condensing head pressure and the temperatures of the recirculated air stream.

Abstract: A heat dissipation system for a number of cabinets mounted in a container includes a first heat dissipation apparatus, a second heat dissipation apparatus including a condenser, an inlet pipe assembly connected to the cabinets, an outlet pipe assembly connected to the cabinets, a connecting pipe connected between the inlet pipe assembly and the outlet pipe assembly, a extension pipe connected between the connecting pipe and the inlet pipe assembly, a first valve connected to the connecting pipe and located between the first dissipation apparatus and the second dissipation apparatus, a second valve connected to the extension pipe, a number of temperature sensors installed in the cabinets, and a controller electrically coupled to the temperature sensors, the first valve, the second valve, and the condenser. The controller controls the first valve, the second valve, and the condenser to turn on or off according to temperature sensed by the temperature sensors.

Abstract: A cooling system including a heat exchanger, an airflow containment unit, and an airflow conduit. The airflow containment unit is configured to direct airflow to and from the heat exchanger. The airflow conduit is in fluid communication with the airflow containment unit and is configured to direct airflow to the airflow containment unit from an air inlet at an exterior of the vehicle.

Abstract: A liquefier assembly for use in an additive manufacturing system, which includes a rigid member having a gap, a liquefier tube operably disposed in the gap, one or more heater assemblies disposed in the gap in contact with the liquefier tube, and configured to heat the liquefier tube in a zone-by-zone manner, preferably one or more thermal resistors disposed in the gap between the rigid member and the heater assemblies, and preferably one or more sensors configured to operably measure pressure within the liquefier tube. The one or more heater assemblies may be operated to provide dynamic heat flow control.

Abstract: A plate heat exchanger comprises first and second frame plates, side walls, and a stack of heat transfer plates. The heat transfer plates each has a center portion and a peripheral portion encircling the center portion, and they are arranged in pairs between the first and second frame plates. A first flow path for a first fluid exists between the heat transfer plates of the pairs and a second flow path for a second fluid exists between the pairs of heat transfer plates. The side walls extend between the first and second frame plates and enclose the stack of heat transfer plates. A first side wall of the side walls includes a through hole for draining a substance, originating from one of the first/second fluids, from inside to outside of the heat exchanger A first portion of the inside surface of the first side wall slopes towards the hole.

Abstract: An apparatus for dissipating heat includes a plate or pipe made of a planar thermal conductive material, such as pyrolytic graphite. The apparatus may include fins attached to the plate or pipe, and the fins can be made of the same or different material as the plate or pipe.

Abstract: A heat dissipation module includes a heat conducting plate having an upper surface, a stacked fins heat sink in thermal contact with and disposed on the upper surface of the heat conducting plate, at least one heat pipe and multiple fins. The evaporation end is in thermal contact with and disposed on the upper surface. The plurality of fins are located on the upper surface and positioned at intervals. Each of the fins has at least one through hole and the condensation end runs through the at least one through hole.

Abstract: An emergency cooling system for cooling an object certainly and rapidly in case a temperature of the object is accidentally raised abnormally. A loop thermosyphon is formed by connecting an evaporating portion with a condensing portion through a vapor pipe and a return pipe in a manner to form a cyclic conduit. A condensable working fluid circulates within the loop thermosyphon to be evaporated by a heat of the cooling object at the evaporating portion, and to be condensed at the condensing portion to radiate the heat conducted from the cooling object. A switching valve is disposed on the return pipe to selectively allow the working fluid in a liquid phase to be returned from the condensing portion to the evaporating portion. Heat transfer pipes to which the heat of the cooling object is conducted are arranged in the evaporating portion.

Abstract: A cooling device for cooling heat-generating devices such as disk laser according to a desired thermal profile to generate desired edge effects and optical properties. An example cooling device includes a back plate for supporting the heat-generating device. The back plate is part of a cooling device housing with a wall providing an enclosure that contains a nozzle member. The nozzle member encloses the cooling device housing on a side opposite the back plate. A nozzle coolant surface is formed on an end of the nozzle member. The nozzle coolant surface extends outward from its center to an edge to form a coolant chamber with the back plate. Coolant fluid may enter the coolant chamber through inlet paths formed in the nozzle member and exit through a chamber gap between the nozzle coolant surface edge and inside of the housing wall.

Abstract: An indoor device for a cassette type air conditioner is provided. The indoor device may improve an exterior appearance of the air conditioner in that a vane drive assembly to operate a vane that guides discharged air may be covered by the vane when the vane is closed. Also, first and second ends of the vane may be rounded, and an outer surface of the vane drive assembly may contact the vane to improve a flow of discharged air.

Abstract: An aluminum alloy heat exchanger with aluminum alloy tubes is provided by assembling and brazing. A coating which includes from 1 to 5 g/m2 of Si powder, from 3 to 20 g/m2 of Zn containing flux, and from 0.2 to 8.3 g/m2 of binder is formed on the aluminum alloy tubes. The fins contain Zn and 0.8 to 2.0% by mass of Mn, Si in a ratio of 1/2.5 to 1/3.5 relative to the Mn, and less than 0.30% by mass of Fe. A fillet is formed between the tube and the aluminum alloy fin after brazing, and a primary crystal portion is formed in the fillet. A eutectic crystal portion is formed in a portion other than the primary crystal portion, and the electric potential of the primary crystal portion is equal to or higher than the electric potential of the aluminum alloy fin.

Abstract: A tank for a heat exchanger includes a tank member and a base member. The tank member has one of a pre-crimped tab and a slot portion on a first lateral side. The pre-crimped tab is bent outward from a longitudinal axis. The slot portion has a throughhole. The base member has the other of the pre-crimped tab and the slot portion on the first lateral side. The tank member and the base member are fitted together to define an inner cavity therebetween. The pre-crimped tab is inserted in the throughhole on the first lateral side. One of the tank member and the base member is crimped to the other of the tank member and the base member on a second lateral side.

Abstract: A spacer (7) for an air heater comprises a predefined number of planar walls (13; 113) that are substantially parallel and are connected two-by-two by folds (15). The planar walls (13; 113) include a plurality of louvers (171, 172) that are substantially inclined relative to the general plane (P) defined by the planar wall (13; 113). The planar wall (13; 113) further includes at least one strap (19; 1191, 1192, 1193, 1194) having longitudinal sides (21) that extend parallel to the planar wall (13; 113) and lateral sides (23) that are linked to the planar wall (13; 113) by means of at least one connecting rail (24). An air heater comprises a heat exchange bundle comprising a stack of parallel tubes (5) for the circulation of the fluid, the tubes having the width (l1) of a tube, and a plurality of such spacers (7) disposed respectively between two tubes (5).

Abstract: The invention relates to a stacked plate heat exchanger, comprising a plurality of elongate plates which are stacked on one another and connected to one another and which have a corrugated profile, which plates have a cavity for leading through a medium to be cooled in the longitudinal direction of the plates and define a further cavity for leading through a coolant, wherein leadthrough openings for supplying or discharging the medium to be cooled or the coolant are formed approximately in the end regions of each elongate plate and each elongate plate is surrounded by a bent-off edge, wherein an nth corrugation of the corrugated profile of each plate is drawn close to the edge, preferably into the edge, whereas the other corrugations of the corrugated profile of the plate terminate before the edge, where n=2, 3, 4 etc.

Abstract: A corrugated fin, in particular for a heat exchanger, having a substantially corrugated design, having a plurality of fin surfaces, wherein adjoining fin surfaces are connected to one another by means of a fin arch in such a way that a medium can flow through an intermediate space between adjoining fin surfaces, wherein the fin surfaces are arranged at an angle with respect to one another perpendicularly with respect to a throughflow direction for the medium, wherein the fin surface has at least one bulge which protrudes out of the plane of the fin surface, wherein the extent of the bulge in a direction perpendicularly with respect to the air throughflow direction is smaller than the extent of the fin surface in said direction.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a heat exchanger in a vehicle including a supply manifold which supplies fluid introduced from the outside while distributing the fluid to first and second cooling units. The first and second cooling units cool the fluid supplied from the supply manifold by heat exchange action. A first return manifold collects and discharges the fluid discharged from the first cooling unit and a second return manifold collects and discharges the fluid discharged from the second cooling unit.

Abstract: A header for a heat exchanger orients the position of an inlet port at an angle offset from the position of the outlet port on the header body in order to simplify the plumbing of the header within a system. In one implementation of a header for a heat exchanger, the header forms a header cavity defined by an external wall and which is separated into an inlet chamber and an outlet chamber by a dividing wall. An inlet port is defined within the external wall and is in fluid communication with the inlet chamber. Similarly, an outlet port is defined within the external wall and is in fluid communication with the outlet chamber. The inlet port is oriented on the external wall at an offset angle with respect to a position of the outlet port.

Abstract: A device and system for dissipating heat includes a bent portion of pyrolytic graphite in which a-b planes at a center region of the bent portion follow a surface contour of the bent portion. A method for making a heat dissipating device includes bending a flat sheet of pyrolytic graphite such that a-b planes at a center region of a bent portion follow a surface contour of the bent portion.

Abstract: An example embodiment includes a thermal conduction system for dissipating thermal energy generated by operation of an optical subassembly that is disposed within a shell of a communication module. The thermal conduction system can include a thermally conductive flexible member that contacts the optical subassembly and the shell of the communication module. By contacting the optical subassembly and the shell, the thermal energy generated by operation of the optical subassembly can transfer from the optical subassembly to the shell. The thermally conductive flexible member defines thermally conductive flexible member holes that correspond to pins extending from the optical subassembly. The pins pass through the thermally conductive flexible member holes enabling the thermally conductive flexible member to contact the optical subassembly.

Abstract: Vehicles and methods for controlling climate control systems are provided. The vehicle, for example, may include, but is not limited to at least one seat, a climate control system, and a controller communicatively coupled to the climate control system, wherein the controller is configured to, calculate a directional sun effect for each of the at least one seats, and modify at least one of an airflow, a temperature and air distribution of the climate control system based upon the calculated directional sun effect for each of the at least one seats.

Abstract: A temperature control device has a housing, a configuration unit, a microcontroller unit (MCU) and a temperature-sensing unit. After the configuration unit is used to configure a requested temperature and a temperature tolerance, the MCU adds a temperature outside the housing sensed an external temperature-sensing element of the temperature-sensing unit to the temperature tolerance, then determines if the sum is higher or lower than the requested temperature, starts a cooling unit or a heating unit to operate until a temperature inside the housing sensed by an internal temperature-sensing element of the temperature-sensing unit, thereby achieving an thermostatic effect.

Abstract: A controller and method for operating an air mover for a cooling system of a work vehicle. In one embodiment, engine coolant, hydraulic oil and charge air temperature data is measured. The temperature data is reconciled by using the largest required fan speed as the set point speed for cooling the heat exchangers with airflow. An air mover is operated at the set point speed to generate airflow across each of the heat exchangers.

Abstract: A heat exchanger system for cooling liquid having a plurality of finned tube arrays and a plurality of fans for inducing air through the finned tube array comprising: at least one wind deflector installed along the long side of the finned tube arrays on at least one side of the arrays.

Abstract: A pressure compensating system that minimizes the pressure differences across multiple shaft seals in a rod driven downhole pumping apparatus. The system balances the pressures across the seals by forcing the external pressure of all seals and compensators to be equal to the highest external pressure in the apparatus, made possible by the appropriate use of labyrinth-type seals. A bleed valve assembly which allows free flow of fluid into the pressure compensating system, but restricts the rate of fluid outflow from the system in case of shut-in of the pump, to limit the potential of rapid opening and closing of the mechanical shaft seals.

Abstract: An apparatus, method, and system for inserting and securing a high pressure transition tube of a fluid transfer tool assembly into a positive position whereby the seal element is packed off in the wellhead set point. Once attached the transition tube is pushed to contact the bit guide, secondary seal or bore machine prep. A lower nose compression seal is seated against transition tube and compressed using an energizer seal to isolate and protect lower pressure wellhead and well control equipment from the higher rated frack pressures or pushing the transition tube and lower nose isolation compression seal to contact the bit guide, secondary seal or bore prep. Pressure is applied to push a seal against the lower and upper compression ring locking them in place preventing movement to form a compression seal and isolating the high pressure passing through the transition tube protecting the wellhead assembly and well control equipment.

Abstract: A frac system that includes a hydraulic energy transfer system configured to exchange pressures between a first fluid and a second fluid.

Abstract: In a fracturing application a packer for a given zone to be fractured is reinforced during fracturing with an insert that is preferably a sleeve. During times of high collapse pressure loading, the sleeve provides the needed support. When fracking is over the liner sleeve is caused to disappear. The preferred material is controlled electrolytic materials but other materials that can disappear when the anticipated loading is diminished can also be used. The disappearing can be motivated chemically or thermally among other contemplated methods. As a result, there is a larger available bore when production is ready to start.

Abstract: A downhole tool member for hydrocarbon resource recovery, comprising a shaped body of a polyglycolic acid resin having a weight average molecular weight of at least 70,000, having an effective thickness which is ½ or more of a critical thickness of surface decomposition, and exhibiting a thickness reduction rate in water which is constant with respect to time. As a result, it has become possible to more accurately design the strength and time up to the collapse of the downhole tool member which forms the whole or a part of a downhole tool for developing or repairing downholes for recovery of hydrocarbon resources, such as oil and gas.

Abstract: A shut-in valve tool for use in a well, comprising; a tool body defining a flow path for the flow of well fluid from outside the tool through FIG. 1 the tool body to another part of the well; an inlet port defined in the tool body though which well fluid must flow to enter the flow path; a sliding valve member located within the tool body and moveable between a first position in which the inlet port is open, and a second position in which the inlet port is blocked; a supply of compressed fluid; and an actuating mechanism which uses the compressed fluid for driving the sliding valve member from the first position to the second position.

Abstract: A coating having a gradient composite structure, applied to a substrate, which may be a disposable tool. The gradient composite comprises a bonding component and an erosion and/or corrosion resistant component. When applied to a disposable tool, such as a ball and seat assembly in a downhole environment, the coating enhances the performance of disintegrable materials used in such tools. The coating may be configured to expire at the end of a selected duration, allowing the underlying material to disintegrate.