Abstract: A small-sized power factor measurement apparatus capable of measuring a power factor by one element is desired. The power factor measurement apparatus includes a pair of coupling ends (12) for coupling to a power supply in parallel with a load, two magnetic elements (21, 22) whose changes in electric resistance are different from each other due to the same external magnetic field, a pair of measurement terminals (13) for outputting a differential voltage between the two magnetic elements, a power factor sensor (10) including a pair of sensor terminals (10t) connected to the pair of coupling ends (12), a voltage detector (15) for measuring a voltage between the measurement terminals (13), a low-pass filter (16) connected to the output of the voltage detector (15), a high-pass filter (17) connected to the output of the voltage detector (15), a rectifier (18) connected to the high-pass filter (17), and a divider (19) for dividing the output of the low-pass filter (16) and the output of the rectifier (18).

Abstract: In accordance with an embodiment, a method of detecting a phase difference between a first signal and a second signal include latching a state of the first signal using the second signal as a clock to produce a first latched signal, latching a state of the second signal using the first signal as a clock to produce a second latched signal summing the first latched signal and the second latched signal to produce an indication of whether the first signal is leading or lagging the second signal.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method of detecting electric variables of a three-phase AC network having a first, a second and a third phase, including the steps of measuring a respective voltage value of the first, second and third phases in relation to a neutral conductor at a first moment in time, transforming the three voltage values of the first moment in time into polar co-ordinates with a voltage amplitude and a phase angle, repeating measurement and transformation for at least one further moment in time, and determining the currently prevailing frequency, voltage amplitude and/or phase angle of at least one of the phases from the voltage values transformed into polar co-ordinates.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a circuit arrangement for detecting a capacitance of a capacitive component and/or a change in the capacitance of a capacitive component, which circuit arrangement comprises, inter alia a monostable flipflop controllable by a control signal and having at least two inputs and one output, wherein a first input of the flipflop is provided for the control signal, and a second input is connected to a capacitive component. The circuit arrangement further comprises a conversion device, which is connected to the output of the monostable flipflop, and an evaluation unit, which is connected to the conversion device in order to evaluate the signal voltage and from this to generate at least one detection value, which indicates the capacitance and/or a change in the capacitance of the capacitive component.

Abstract: Provided is an electromagnetic wave visualization device capable of visualizing multiple sources of electromagnetic noise in real time in a far field and a near field. The electromagnetic wave visualization device includes a sensor configured to detect an electromagnetic wave and output a detection signal of intensity depending on energy level of the detected electromagnetic wave, a variable resistance connected to the sensor, and a resistance adjustment unit configured to adjust a resistance value of the variable resistance connected to the sensor. The electromagnetic wave is visually measured by adjusting a resistance value of the variable resistance at the adjustment unit.

Abstract: A diagnostic device for checking a control signal line between a control device of a motor vehicle and a motor-vehicle-side charging connection for a battery of the motor vehicle, includes a first resistor disposed at the charging connection and connecting the control signal line to ground, a second resistor connected in parallel with first resistor to form a parallel circuit, an evaluation device associated with the control device and comprising a current source and/or a voltage source for supplying a corresponding current or voltage outside a charging operation, and a diode connected in series with the first and second resistors and blocking a current flow from ground to the control signal line. The evaluation device is configured to measure, by using the first and second resistor, a current indicating a control signal line defect or a voltage indicating a control signal line defect.

Abstract: An isolation test system for a vehicle includes a communication interface, a current sensor, a plurality of impedances and a controller. The controller is programmed to electrically connect a selected one of the impedances between a traction battery of the vehicle and a low voltage subsystem of the vehicle. The connection creates a leakage path between the traction battery and the subsystem. The controller is further programmed to output a diagnostic status based on a current associated with the leakage path and a signal received via a communication interface indicative of an isolation fault between the battery and subsystem.

Abstract: A device for detecting an insulation fault of a direct voltage source that can induce electrocution, including: first and second input terminals for the voltage source; first and third resistive dipoles connected in series between an electric ground and the second input terminal, the first resistive dipole having a resistance at least ten times higher than that of the third dipole; a second resistive dipole and a switch connected in series between the first input terminal and the electric ground; and a detection circuit connected to the terminals of the third dipole, configured to alternately open and close the switch, measure the voltage at the terminals of the third dipole, and determine the amplitude of an insulation fault according to the measured voltages.

Abstract: The present invention relates to squib connectors, for instance for airbag ignition systems, which allow the electrical or electronic monitoring of the correct coupling of a squib plug connector with its corresponding counterpart. According to the invention, a squib connector has at least two terminals having corresponding signal lines. In order to allow an electrical monitoring of the correct coupling of the plug connector, the terminals are in electrical contact with each other in the uncoupled or incorrectly coupled condition of the plug connector. This electrical contact between the terminals is configured to be separated upon correct coupling to a corresponding counter-connector either automatically or by an actuating action. The disconnecting of the terminals may then be monitored by any suitable monitoring means.

Abstract: A test station holds a semiconductor wafer during electrical testing with an electrical test apparatus and optical inspection with an optical system. The test station allows wafer probing to be aligned external to the optical system. After the wafer is in alignment, the test station may be transported to the optical system for inspection from a back side of the wafer while having electrical testing by the electrical test apparatus from the front side. It is emphasized that this abstract is provided to comply with the rules requiring an abstract that will allow a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims.

Abstract: A wafer test apparatus includes a probe station comprising a probe card that contacts a wafer positioned on a chuck during a wafer test. A test head is disposed on the probe card and tests electrical characteristics of a semiconductor chip positioned on the wafer. A probe card horizontality adjustment unit is positioned between the test head and the probe card and adjusts horizontality of the probe card during the wafer test.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided to determine deterioration of a photocoupler. The apparatus includes a detecting unit and a determining unit. The detecting unit receives an electric pulse signal outputted from the photocoupler. The amplitude of the outputted pulse signal depends on that of an electric AC voltage applied to the photocoupler. The detecting unit detects a duty ratio of the pulse signal. The determining unit determines whether or not the duty ratio is less than a threshold given for the determination. The determining unit also determines that the photocoupler has deteriorated in performance thereof more than a usable level if it is determined that the duty ratio is less than the threshold given for the determination.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for measuring electromagnetic field sensor (CP) gain comprising an electromagnetic wave source and an antenna connected to the electromagnetic wave and radiating an electromagnetic field in the direction of the sensor, characterised in that the antenna is a monocone antenna comprising a plane conductive element (P) having a first face and a second face opposite the first face and a cone-shaped conductive part (C) situated on the side of the first face. Applications to gain measurements over very broad frequency bands.

Abstract: An electronic device including a printed circuit board has a degradation detection circuit that detects degradation of the printed circuit board at a plurality of different degradation levels, and a warning output unit that outputs a warning in accordance with the degradation level detected by the degradation detection circuit.

Abstract: Systems and methods for detecting counterfeit integrated circuits are provided. One exemplary embodiment of a method can include: providing an integrated circuit for testing; and characterizing capacitive and inductive loading of the integrated circuit power for a specified frequency range; wherein the characterizing step further comprises applying a low level alternating current to a power pin while measuring for capacitance characterization conditions created by the integrated circuit's internal capacitance and inductance responses, wherein by sweeping the alternating current signal across a specified frequency range one or more capacitance related device signature can be created and used to identify a component as originating from a trusted source or not. A system can include components and machine readable instructions for operating the components using exemplary methods.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a method for the computer-aided determination of deviation patterns during at least one of the production or testing of a multiplicity of dies is provided. The dies are uniquely identified. The method may include determining, for each die of the multiplicity of dies and for at least one measurement process of a plurality of measurement processes which are applied to at least one portion of the dies, a measurement value which was determined in the measurement process for the respective die; and carrying out a blind source separation using the measurement values, thereby determining the deviation patterns for the dies.

Abstract: A wafer inspection apparatus includes a first and second wafer transfer mechanisms, an alignment chamber, a second wafer transfer mechanism and a plurality of inspection chambers. The first wafer transfer mechanism is installed at a first transfer area to transfer wafers individually from a housing. The alignment chamber has an alignment mechanism configured to align the wafer at an inspection position for an electrical characteristics inspection. The second wafer transfer mechanism is configured to transfer the wafer through a wafer retaining support in a second transfer area formed along the first transfer area and an alignment area. The plurality of inspection chambers is arranged at an inspection area formed along the second transfer area and is configured to inspect electrical characteristics of the wafer transferred by the second wafer transfer mechanism through the wafer retaining support.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement for Logic Built-In Self-Test (LBIST) includes a clock source configured to generate a system clock, a first clock division circuitry configured to derive a first punched-out clock and a plurality of scan chains operable at the first punched-out clock. Each scan chain has an associated output circuitry responsive to a leading edge of the first punched-out clock. The circuit arrangement includes a second clock division circuitry configured to derive a second punched-out clock. The second punched-out clock has a delay of one or more system clock periods relative to the first punched-out clock. A compacting logic is configured to compact signals received from the scan chains. A sequential retiming element connects the compacting logic to an input circuitry of a MISR. The sequential retiming element is responsive to a trailing edge of the second punched-out clock. The input circuitry is responsive to a leading edge of the second punched-out clock.

Abstract: Methods and systems for generating a circuit identification number include determining a propagation time delay across a scan chain of known length; comparing the propagation time delay to a threshold associated with the scan chain length; storing an identifier bit based on the result of the comparison; repeating the steps of determining, comparing, and storing until a number of stored identifier bits reaches a threshold number; and outputting the stored identifier bits.

Abstract: In a system for monitoring the operation of a current loop, which is fed by a current source and has a switching element, an evaluation unit is arranged at the output of the current loop, which evaluation unit is designed to identify a state of the switching element on the basis of the current flowing in the current loop. Furthermore, a signal generation device is arranged in the current loop, which signal generation device is connected to the switching element and is designed to generate a dynamic signal characterizing the state of the switching element in the current loop.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a relay control system and a control method thereof, and more particularly, to a relay control system and a control method thereof capable of determining whether an unrecoverable failure of a relay due to an unexpected environment, namely, whether the relay is fused, by measuring a voltage on a relay in real time while a battery unit operates in a secondary cell battery using DC power.

Abstract: A device to determine a state of a battery is disclosed. One or more transistors provide a resistance between first and second nodes. The one or more transistors are configured to conduct a supply current from a battery between the first node and the second node. A measurement circuit measures the voltage generated between the first node and the second node. The measurement circuit further measures the supply voltage. A calculation circuit generates an estimate of the supply current based on the voltage measured between the first node and the second node and the resistance of the one or more transistors. The calculation circuit generates an estimate of the state of charge of the battery based on the measured supply voltage and the estimate of the supply current.

Abstract: The present inventions, in one aspect, are directed to techniques and/or circuitry to adjust, correct and/or compensate a state of charge of the battery using the data which is representative of the relaxation time (e.g., full relaxation time) of the battery. The techniques and/or circuitry may determine the data which is representative of a relaxation time based on or using: (i) the rate of decay of the voltage at the terminals of the battery after terminating application of the charge current to the battery, (ii) a voltage which is constant or substantially constant after termination of the charge current and/or (iii) an amount of time associated with the decay of the voltage at the terminals of the battery to at least a measured or predetermined voltage. Notably, the charge signal or current may include a plurality of pulses.

Abstract: A battery monitoring system includes a central monitoring system and a set of individual battery selectors. The central monitoring system is electrically connected to the battery selectors and each of the battery selectors is connected to one or more batteries. In operation, commands are sent from the central monitoring system to the individual battery selectors so as to turn one on at a time. When the battery selector is on, test and response signals can be communicated between the one or more batteries connected to the battery selector and the central monitoring system. In some embodiments, the batteries include a reference circuit configured for calibration of battery tests.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus and systems are provided for determining a characteristic of an energy source. One exemplary method involves obtaining a measured current associated with the energy source using a current sensor and obtaining a measured voltage associated with the energy source. In response to identifying an absence of an anomalous condition of the current sensor based on the measured current, the method determines a current-compensated value for the characteristic based at least in part on the measured voltage and the measured current. In response to identifying the anomalous condition of the current sensor based on the measured current, the method determines an uncompensated value for the characteristic based at least in part on the measured voltage.

Abstract: The invention relates to a DC-DC converter which is designed to supply a low-voltage network comprising a low-voltage battery and a battery sensor circuit with a low voltage, having a pulse generation device which is designed to feed electrical pulses into the low-voltage network in order to test the low-voltage battery using the battery sensor circuit.

Abstract: System and methods for estimating a state of a battery utilizing an adaptive battery model are presented. The model may utilize a multi-RC electric circuit model designed to represent an open circuit voltage and/or an impedance of an actual battery system. A state observer may be utilized in connection with estimating parameters associated with a model of the battery system (e.g., resistances in the multi-RC circuit model). Systems and methods disclosed herein may further employ a blending technique utilizing an Ah-based SOC determination and an OCV-based SOC determination in estimating a state of a battery system.

Abstract: A battery monitoring system includes a central monitoring system and a set of individual battery selectors. The central monitoring system is electrically connected to the battery selectors and each of the battery selectors is connected to one or more batteries. In operation, commands are sent from the central monitoring system to the individual battery selectors so as to turn one on at a time. When the battery selector is on, test and response signals can be communicated between the one or more batteries connected to the battery selector and the central monitoring system. In some embodiments, the system includes a relay test circuit.

Abstract: A method and a device for measuring various parameters of a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) in a fuel cell. Hydrogen gas and nitrogen gas or air are supplied to the fuel cell to be tested. A voltage of the fuel cell is diminished by connecting to a load until the voltage is zero. The fuel cell is charged at a constant current. A constant current value is measured by a current sensor. A current signal and a voltage signal are collected by a data collector and are converted into digital quantity signals which are transmitted to a data processing unit. Data are automatically processed by programming of the data processing unit. Parameters, including an electrochemical active surface area of a catalyst, a double-layer capacitance, a hydrogen crossover current, and an impedance of the MEA of the fuel cell are acquired by differentiation and integral operations of the voltage data.

Abstract: Gas cells allow first detection light and second detection light to pass therethrough and rotate the polarization plane of linearly polarized light in accordance with a magnetic field. A first detection section and a second detection section detect the polarization planes of the linearly polarized light that has passed through the gas cells. A third detection section and a fourth detection section detect the polarization planes of the linearly polarized light that has not passed through the gas cells. A measurement section uses detection results from the first detection section and the third detection section to remove influence of optical noise contained in the first detection light, uses detection results from the second detection section and the fourth detection section to remove influence of optical noise contained in the second detection light, and measures the difference in the magnetic field between the gas cells.

Abstract: A high-temperature superconducting magnetic sensor having superconducting layers formed on a substrate, a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) being formed on the superconducting layers, the high-temperature superconducting magnetic sensor includes: a pickup coil that is formed on the superconducting layer and is connected to an inductor of the SQUID; and an input coil that is formed on the superconducting layer, is connected to the inductor of the SQUID and the pickup coil to form a closed loop, and is magnetically coupled with the inductor of the SQUID. In planar view, at least one turn of the input coil surrounds the inductor of the SQUID, or is surrounded by the inductor of the SQUID. The width of the superconductor forming the inductor of the SQUID is 10 ?m or less.

Abstract: A magnetic field detecting device which comprises a magnetic impedance sensor including a magnetic impedance element 1 in which a pulse electrical current or a high frequency electrical current is applied from an oscillator 2 to an amorphous wire 10 and an alternate current or AC damped oscillation voltage, which is induced in a detecting coil 11 wound around the amorphous wire 10 and has a magnitude corresponding to an external magnetic field, is output, and an arbitrary magnetic field is applied to the amorphous wire by means of the magnetic field generated on the detecting coil 11 energized by connecting the detecting coil 11 to a voltage source or to a current source E through an impedance network 3 comprising of a resistor R or a coil L or a condenser C or comprising a combination of the resistor R, the coil L, and the condenser C.

Abstract: A magnetic susceptibility tomographic device has sensitive magnetic sensors about a measurement volume and AC bias coils for providing magnetic fields within the volume. Sensing circuitry reads the sensors, and a processor executes magnetic susceptibility tomography (MST) routines from memory to divide the measurement volume into voxels, to determine differences between applied and measured field strengths of magnetic fields at each voxel and thereby determines magnetic susceptibility of each voxel, and to construct tomographic images representative of magnetic susceptibility as MST images. Embodiments with SQUID and fluxgate sensors are described. Applications to direct measurement of tissue magnetic susceptibility, and to locating and quantifying tagged magnetic nanoparticles are disclosed, including antibody-tagged nanoparticles for use in cancer diagnosis and treatments, and the retrieval of taggant identification codes from an object.

Abstract: An RF pulse alignment method for determining transmit scaling factors used in the control of a magnetic resonance system having a number of radiofrequency transmit channels, via which RF pulse trains are transmitted in parallel during operation, is provided. A common reference pulse train is specified for a number of the radiofrequency transmit channels in the course of the control function. A plurality of candidate images of an object that is to be examined are acquired using different candidate sets of transmit scaling factors. Optimal transmit scaling factors with respect to a predefined criterion are selected for each of the radiofrequency transmit channels based on the acquired candidate images.

Abstract: The present invention concerns materials consisting in a porous and structured network, this network being at least in part formed by Si atoms, or Si atoms and metal atoms, linked to each other's via siloxy bonds, the amount of radical ranging from 0.50 to 0.03 mmol of radical per gram of material, and in that the network is formed with a sol-gel step using an organosilane for the introduction of the organic molecules allowing their regular distribution within the porous structured material. The invention also concern a process for the preparation of such material and a method of analysis by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) of an analyte wherein it uses dynamic nuclear polarization generated with a material according to the invention.

Abstract: A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system, method and/or computer readable storage medium is configured to effect enhanced magnetic transfer (MT) effects and chemical exchange saturation transfer (LEST) effects. The configured techniques include irradiating an object in an MRI gantry by applying a sequence of magnetic transfer (MT) pulses over a range of different frequencies, and then applying an MR imaging sequence to the irradiated object.

Abstract: A method for adapting activation parameters used to generate a pulse sequence when activating a magnetic resonance system is provided. The method includes determining stimulation values for the pulse sequence based on predefined activation parameters. The stimulation values represent a stimulation exposure of a patient. Test regions that exhibit stimulation maxima are identified in the pulse sequence, and the identified test regions are tested with respect to compliance with a predefined stimulation limit value.

Abstract: A magnetic resonance radiofrequency antenna unit is disclosed, including at least one antenna element and an antenna housing enclosing the antenna element. In at least one embodiment, the magnetic resonance radiofrequency antenna unit includes at least one marking element, wherein the at least one marking element is embodied to transmit magnetic resonance signals during a magnetic resonance measurement.

Abstract: A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system, MRI method and a computer readable medium are configured to determine a specific absorption rate (SAR) for the patient based on at least (a) NMR signal strength at a phantom when the at least one RF coil is loaded with the patient for an MRI scan, and (b) NMR signal strength at the phantom when the at least one RF coil is not loaded with the patient for an MRI scan.

Abstract: A predetermined reference object is arranged in a scan volume of a magnetic resonance system. In the scope of adjustment measurements, the reference object is respectively exposed by a radiofrequency transmitter antenna to an adjustment pulse. Using at least one radiofrequency receiver antenna, a magnetic resonance signal excited by the respective adjustment pulse in the reference object is respectively recorded. An amplitude of a first test pulse is ascertained with the aid of the magnetic resonance signals recorded in the scope of the adjustment measurements. In the scope of a subsequent test measurement, the reference object is exposed to the first test pulse by the radiofrequency transmitter antenna. A first measurement signal dependent on the amplitude of the first test pulse is recorded during the exposure of the reference object to the first test pulse. Further measures are implemented based on the recorded first measurement signal.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an electrical wiring device that includes a test circuit that is configured to generate a recurring simulated fault signal. A detection circuit is configured to generate a test detection signal in response to the recurring simulated fault signal. An end-of-life monitor circuit is configured to generate an end-of-life detection signal if the test detection signal is not generated within a first predetermined period of time. At least one indicator is configured to emit an indication signal in response to the end-of-life detection signal. A response mechanism is configured to decouple the plurality of line terminals from the plurality of load terminals after a second predetermined period of time has elapsed following the end-of-life detection signal.

Abstract: Various embodiments include methods and apparatus structured to balance electrode pairs (112, 312) of a tool (105, 305) providing voltage equivalence between the electrode pairs. An electrically conductive wire (113, 313) coupling the electrodes of an electrode pair can be arranged such that resistance of the electrically conductive wire does not adversely affect the voltage equivalence. The electrically conductive wire can also be structured to provide temperature independent balancing by arranging the electrically conductive wire with respect to a measuring node (116, 316). Additional apparatus, systems, and methods are disclosed.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a method and network device for improving location accuracy in multi-channel wireless networks. Specifically, to coordinate with other Access Points (APs) and improve location accuracy of client devices, each access point can (a) obtain a schedule of another neighboring AP; (b) switch to the operating channel of the neighboring AP at a scheduled time for communication exchanges between the neighboring AP and the client device, (c) listen to the communication exchanges between the neighboring AP and the client device; (d) collecting signal samples, e.g., signal strength associated with messages originated from the client device; and (e) send the report to the location engine to allow the location engine collect more signal samples associated with the client device, thereby more accurately determine the location of the client device; etc.

Abstract: Methods of connecting or linking real objects to machines or the virtual world in real time utilizing a device are disclosed. In one embodiment, a wireless tag attached to an object in communication with an electronic device, such as a cellular phone, tablet computer, laptop computer, or watch, monitors and updates the position of a wireless tag locally and on a machine/network/cloud. Methods of using a wireless tag in safety, loss/theft prevention, health-care, tracking, advertising and marketing, education, games, finance, payment, and athletic are disclosed. In another embodiment, methods of providing an application programming interface and/or a software development kit based on the devices are provided, allowing software developers the ability to create their own programs or applications on top of the disclosed system is disclosed.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present invention provide methods, systems, apparatus, and computer program products for providing integrated attitude determination and attitude control for slewing of a satellite. In one embodiment a method is provided. The method comprises after receiving a repointing request, selecting a guide star sample comprising one or more guide stars from a guide star catalog; determining current attitude information; selecting and retrieving at least one point spread function (PSF) image from a PSF library; estimating an expected position for at least one guide star, the at least one guide star being one of the guide stars of the guide star sample; acquiring at least one star tracker image; calculating a cross-correlation function (CCF) to determine shifts in position of the at least one guide star compared to the expected position; and determining updated current attitude information based at least in part on the determined shifts in position.

Abstract: In a wireless positioning apparatus mounted in a moving body, feature point position information is stored in a reference trajectory storage, a reception state of transmitted waves from a wireless transmitter is detected, and a movement distance of the moving body is measured. A positioning trajectory is generated that indicates a correspondence relationship between the movement distance and the reception state of transmitted waves. A coincidence distribution is generated that indicates a correspondence between: a point on the reference trajectory to which a representative position, set arbitrarily within the positioning trajectory, corresponds for each coordinate shift value; and the degree of coincidence between the reference trajectory and the positioning trajectory. Based on the coincidence distribution, positioning information is generated. Reliability is determined based on an evaluation value reflecting a flatness of the coincidence distribution.

Abstract: The disclosed subject matter relates to computer-implemented methods for determining a geographic location of a computing device. In one aspect, a method includes receiving a first set of authentication credentials, corresponding to a user, from a first computing device. The method further includes receiving a second set of authentication credentials, corresponding to the same user, from a second computing device. The method includes correlating the first set of authentication credentials and the second set of authentication credentials, to determine that the same user is associated with each of the first computing device and the second computing device. The method further includes receiving location information from the second computing device. The method further includes associating with the first computing device, based on the correlation, the location information received from the second computing device.

Abstract: A system comprises: onboard a first craft, called host craft, a triplet of antennas comprising a transmitting and receiving antenna and two transmitting antennas, a transmission chain that can be successively coupled to each antenna of the triplet of antennas by a radiofrequency switch, a reception chain that can be coupled to the transmitting and receiving antenna, and a processing device intended to determine a relative angular position between, on the one hand, the host craft and, on the other hand, a plurality of spacecraft, called companion craft, from measurements of path differences performed and transmitted by the companion craft; onboard the companion craft, a transmitting and receiving antenna, a transmission chain and a reception chain coupled to the transmitting and receiving antenna and a measurement device intended to measure path differences between three signals originating from the three antennas of the triplet of antennas of the host craft.

Abstract: A system for tracking at least one object configured to be transported by at least one vehicle may include at least one computer system. The at least one computer system may be configured to determine at least one location of the at least one vehicle and determine at least one location of the at least one object. The at least one computer system may be further configured to determine at least one location of at least one geofence adjacent the at least one vehicle based on the at least one location of the at least one vehicle. Also, the at least one computer system may be configured to determine whether the at least one object is located within the at least one geofence to determine whether a load of the at least one vehicle includes the at least one object.

Abstract: Disclosed are implementations that include a method, performed by a network control device, including sending a first instruction to a first device to send a first measurement signal, and sending a second instruction to a second device to receive the first measurement signal. Following receipt of a first acknowledgement signal from the target mobile device, the first and second devices change their roles so the second device sends, and the first device receives, a second measurement signal, and the first and second devices receive a second acknowledgement signal from the target device. Position of the target device is determined based on timing measurements associated with the first and second measurement signals, the first and second acknowledgement signals, and on known positions of the first and second devices. Another network device is selected to perform additional measurements upon a determination that a desired accuracy of the position determined was not achieved.