Abstract: A method for slab selection in ultrashort echo time three-dimensional MRI includes applying an excitation signal to a target under a polarizing field; applying a unipolar slab selection gradient pulse to the target, concurrent with the excitation signal; and applying a rewinder pulse to the target for less than about 30 ?s, immediately after the slab selection gradient pulse, and still under the polarizing field.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a magnetic resonance structure with a cavity or a reserved space that provides contrast and the additional ability to frequency-shift the spectral signature of the NMR-susceptible nuclei such as water protons by a discrete and controllable characteristic frequency shift that is unique to each MRS design. The invention also relates to nearly uniform solid magnetic resonance T2* contrast agents that have a significantly higher magnetic moment compared to similarly-sized existing MRI contrast agents. The invention also relates to a magnetic resonance sensor that alters it shape in response to a condition of an environment such that the condition may be detected.

Abstract: A method of incorporating the influence of diffusion into the CPMG-based T2 measurement for one or more of the following: water cut measurement; performing inline measurements of flow rate; density; and rheology of a flowing fluid. The method includes conducting a “standard T1/T2 experiment” at least twice by providing one scan without a field gradient during the CMPG echo train. Then, providing a second scan with the application of a gradient, where in the second experiment the measured T2 (T2app) is affected solely by water diffusion, thus shifting cross peaks which represent water on the first T1/T2 spectrum to lower T2 values on the second spectrum.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided for time-lapse astrophotography. One embodiment of the invention comprises a method for capturing a time-lapse image sequence. The method comprises capturing a first plurality of photographs, wherein capturing each photograph of the first plurality of photographs comprises opening a shutter of an image-capture device; while the shutter of the image-capture device is open, moving the image-capture device to reduce the movement of a celestial object or coordinate within the field of view of the image-capture device; closing the shutter of the image-capture device; and moving the image-capture device to a subsequent orientation.

Abstract: The presently disclosed subject matter includes a method, a system and a delay compensation unit configured for compensating a delay in communication between a sensing unit and a control unit. A succession of two or more captured images are received from the sensing unit; information indicative of command dynamics parameters are obtained from the control unit; based on the information and a respective transfer function which models the dynamics of the sensor module, the expected reaction of the sensing module to the command is determined; and information indicative of the reaction before the command is executed in the sensing unit can be provided.

Abstract: A position information providing apparatus for providing present position information to a position notifier apparatus is provided. The position information providing apparatus includes an ultrasonic wave output device for outputting ultrasonic wave and a controller for controlling the ultrasonic wave output device. In accordance with contents of the present position information, the controller sequentially selects a modulation frequency from among multiple detectable frequencies which are detectable by the position notifier apparatus and which are lower than an ultrasonic wave frequency. The controller controls the ultrasonic wave output device so that a maximum value or a minimum value of amplitude of the ultrasonic wave varies with to the selected modulation frequency.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer readable media are disclosed for improving, in some examples, real time location systems with multiple location technologies. In one embodiment, a method is provided including receiving blink data from a location tag associated with a first sensor; receiving proximity data generated based on communications between the first sensor and a second sensor, the proximity data including a sensor identifier; calculating location data associated with the location tag based on the blink data; and determining sensor position calculation data associated with the first sensor based on the proximity data.

Abstract: A method of determining of a true time of arrival of an energy pulse in a positioning system using arrivals times of such pulses at a device after emission of the pulses from respective transmitters. A sampled signal is cross-correlated with the expected form of the energy pulse from the transmitter, and a highest peak in the correlated signal is located and selected to represent a possible time of arrival of the energy pulse. A sequentially preceding peak in the correlated signal is then selected has its magnitude compared with a threshold. This step is repeated until the magnitude of the currently selected peak is less than the threshold, at which point the last-selected peak whose magnitude exceeded the threshold marks the true time of arrival. This process avoids false time of arrival readings caused by reflected pulses.

Abstract: A symbiotic radar and communication system is disclosed. The system includes a plurality of base stations in communication with a wider communication network, each base station being configured to transmit and receive communication signals to and from a plurality of user terminals. The system performs communication data processing and radar data processing on received signals so that target object reflections contained therein can be resolved. Preferably, initial radar data processing is performed at each base station which embeds time and position information into the data and communicates it to a central radar server, the central server combining the received data from several of the base stations into a single range resolution profile.

Abstract: A radar apparatus and method of reducing interference which can reduce an amount of interference are provided. The radar apparatus transmits a modulated pulse signal and a non-modulated pulse signal. The radar apparatus includes an interference frequency detecting module and a map generating module. The interference frequency detecting module detects an interference frequency that is a frequency of an interference wave, based on reception signals containing a reflection wave caused by either one of the modulated pulse signal and the non-modulated pulse signal. The map generating module generates a frequency map for specifying an interference band that is a frequency band where the interference frequency exists and a no-interference band that is a frequency band where the interference frequency does not exist. A central frequency of at least one of the modulated pulse signal and the non-modulated pulse signal is set based on the frequency map.

Abstract: A radar device that transmits a high frequency signal and detects an object by a reflected wave that is reflected by the object includes a transmitting antenna that transmits the high frequency signal, a receiving antenna that receives a reflected wave that is transmitted by the transmitting antenna and reflected by the object, and a dummy antenna that attenuates a reflected wave that is reflected by a structure arranged on a transmission path of the high frequency signal. The dummy antenna is configured be selectable as an antenna having another function.

Abstract: Methods and systems that reduce the effect of phase noise in radar receivers. The received phase noise spectrum is modulated with periodic nulls due to the two way range delay function. The system and method include strategically positioning the nulls of the delay function to cancel portions of phase noise power spectral density, the portions of the power spectral density of the phase noise being selected so that effect of phase noise in radar sensitivity is reduced.

Abstract: A radar apparatus which includes a transmitting unit, a receiving unit, an I signal generating circuit, a Q signal generating circuit, a peak detecting circuit, a target detecting unit, and a distortion judging unit. The transmitting unit transmits a radar wave which is frequency-modulated along a time axis in a specified cycle, and the receiving unit receives an incoming wave which is a reflected wave of the radar wave transmitted by the transmitting means and amplifies it in an amplifier. The I signal generating circuit generates an I signal which is a real number component of a beat signal by mixing the incoming wave received and amplified by the receiving means with the radar wave transmitted by the transmitting unit. The Q signal generating circuit generates a Q signal which is an imaginary number component of a beat signal by mixing the incoming wave received and amplified by the receiving unit with the radar wave transmitted by the transmitting unit with a phase being shifted by ?/2 [rad].

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for determining a detection range (12) of a traffic route (2) in which traffic participants can be detected by a transmitting and receiving device (4), wherein the transmitting and receiving device (4) is arranged at a device position in a device orientation and is designed to emit a transmitted radiation and to receive reflected transmitted radiation, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a) calculating a spatial detecting range of the transmitting and receiving device (4) at least also from the device position and the device orientation by means of a 3D model, b) determining an aerial detecting range in a measurement plane (10) from the spatial detecting range, and c) determining the detecting range (12) from the areal detecting range.

Abstract: A method of testing a frequency synthesizer over a predetermined frequency range using a delay unit complying with a spectral delay distribution model modeling a spectral delay distribution of the delay unit over the predetermined frequency range. The method comprises generating at least one test signal with the frequency synthesizer according to at least one test command; passing the at least one test signal through the delay unit so as to obtain at least one delayed test signal; measuring at least one shift of a signal attribute between the delayed test signal and the test signal; estimating an accuracy of the frequency synthesizer by comparing the at least one measured shift with an expected shift, the expected shift being derived from the spectral delay distribution model of the delay unit and from the at least one test command.

Abstract: A method for increasing resolution of an image formed of received light from an illuminated spot includes measuring a y vector for measurement kernels A1to AM, where M is a number of the measurement kernels, measuring the y vector including programming a programmable N-pixel micromirror or mask located in a return path of a received reflected scene spot with a jth measurement kernel Aj of the measurement kernels A1 to AM, measuring y, wherein y is an inner product of a scene reflectivity f(?,?) with the measurement kernel Aj for each range bin ri, wherein ? and ? are azimuth and elevation angles, respectively, repeating programming the programmable N-pixel micromirror or mask and measuring y for each measurement kernel A1 to AM, and forming a reconstructed image using the measured y vector, wherein forming the reconstructed image includes using compressive sensing or Moore-Penrose reconstruction.

Abstract: A chip-scale scanning lidar includes a two dimensional (2D) scanning micromirror for a transmit beam and a 2D scanning micromirror for a receive beam, a laser diode and a photodetector, a first waveguide and first grating outcoupler coupled to a front facet of the laser diode, a second waveguide and a second grating outcoupler coupled to a rear facet of the laser diode on a substrate. A first fixed micromirror, a second micromirror, a third micromirror, and a focusing component are in a dielectric layer bonded to the substrate over the laser diode and photodetector. The photodetector is optically coupled to the second fixed micromirror and the third fixed micromirror for coherent detection.

Abstract: Optical proximity sensors, methods for use therewith, and systems including optical proximity sensor are described herein. Such an optical proximity sensor includes a light source and a light detector, wherein the light detector includes a plurality of individually selectable photodiodes (PDs). During a calibration mode, individual PDs of the plurality of PDs of the light detector are tested to identify which PDs are crosstalk dominated. During an operation mode, the PDs of the light detector that were not identified as being crosstalk dominated are used to produce a light detection value or signal that is useful for detecting the presence, proximity and/or motion of an object within the sense region of the optical proximity sensor. By not using the PDs that were identified as being crosstalk dominated, the signal-to-noise ratio of the light detection value or signal is improved compared to if the crosstalk dominated PDs were also used.

Abstract: Described herein are various technologies pertaining to detecting a vehicle in an image and determining a class of vehicle to which the vehicle belongs. In a general embodiment, the image is output by a radar-based imaging system, such as a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging system. The image is processed to generate a signature for the vehicle, the signature being a one-dimensional array. The class of the vehicle is determined based upon a comparison of the signature for the vehicle with a template signature for the class.

Abstract: An apparatus for a self localization of a vehicle includes a sensor unit, a landmark detector, a landmark recognizer, and a location estimator. The sensor includes at least two sensors and is configured to measure information on environment around the vehicle using each of the at least two sensors. The landmark detector is configured to detect landmark information based on data measured by each sensor. The landmark recognizer is configured to selectively combine landmark information detected based on data measurement of at least one of the at least two sensors to recognize a landmark and reflect fused landmark information to update a probability distribution. The location estimator is configured to use the probability distribution updated by the landmark recognizer to estimate a self location of the vehicle.

Abstract: An FMCW radar sensor and method for determining information about distances and relative velocities of objects using an FMCW radar, in which a transmission signal's frequency is modulated as sequences of frequency ramps, the center points of the frequency ramps within a respective sequence lying on a higher-order ramp; a higher-order frequency spectrum being determined for at least one frequency position in frequency spectra of the baseband partial signals over the chronological sequence of amplitudes at the frequency position in the frequency spectra of the sequence of baseband partial signals; peaks in the at least one higher-order spectrum being represented by straight lines in a distance/velocity space, the respective slope of which is a function of the higher-order ramp's slope; and bands of the distance/velocity space of the respective peaks of the frequency positions in the frequency spectra of the baseband partial signals being considered in the frequency matching.

Abstract: Systems and methods for calibrating and optimizing frequency modulated continuous wave radar altimeters using adjustable self-interference cancellation are disclosed. In at least one embodiment, a radar altimeter system comprises: a local oscillator delay line including a variable delay circuit configured to output a delayed signal, a transmitter coupled to the local oscillator delay line and configured to output a transmitter signal, a transceiver circulator coupled to an antenna and coupled to the transmitter, and a frequency mixer coupled to the delay line and coupled to the transceiver circulator. The transceiver circulator directs the transmitter signal to the antenna and the antenna is configured to transmit the transmitter signal and receive a reflected signal from a target. Further, the frequency mixer is configured to receive the delayed signal and the target reflected signal from the transceiver circulator.

Abstract: A SAR imaging method is provided that performs N SAR acquisitions in stripmap mode of areas of the earth's surface by means of a synthetic aperture radar transported by an aerial or satellite platform and which includes a single, non-partitioned antenna and a single receiver coupled to the single, non-partitioned antenna, N being an integer greater than one. Each SAR acquisition in stripmap mode is performed using a respective squint angle with respect to the flight direction of the synthetic aperture radar and a respective elevation angle with respect to the nadir of the synthetic aperture radar. The method may further generate SAR images of areas of the respective swath observed via the SAR acquisition in stripmap mode. All SAR images have the same azimuth resolution that is equal to half the physical or equivalent length along the azimuth direction of the single, non-partitioned antenna of the synthetic aperture radar.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer readable media for simulating sound propagation are disclosed. According to one method, the method includes decomposing a virtual environment scene including at least one object into a plurality of surface regions, wherein each of the surface regions includes a plurality of surface patches. The method further includes organizing sound rays generated by a sound source in the virtual environment scene into a plurality of path tracing groups, wherein each of the path tracing groups comprises a group of the rays that traverses a sequence of surface patches. The method also includes determining, for each of the path tracing groups, a sound intensity by combining a sound intensity computed for a current time with one or more previously computed sound intensities respectively associated with previous times and generating a simulated output sound at a listener position using the determined sound intensities.

Abstract: The present invention provides a new art for grasping a moving direction of an underwater vehicle. In order to grasp the moving direction of the underwater vehicle, a measurement apparatus 2000 is installed in an underwater vehicle 4000. An electromagnetic wave receiving unit 2020 receives an electromagnetic wave signal, which a signal outputting apparatus 3000 outputs with a first frequency, in the water. A sound receiving unit 2040 receives a sound signal, which the signal outputting apparatus 3000 outputs with a second frequency, in the water. A frequency calculating unit 2050 calculates a frequency of the electromagnetic wave signal which the electromagnetic wave receiving unit 2020 receives, and a frequency of the sound signal which the sound receiving unit 2040 receives.

Abstract: An electronic distance meter includes an optical unit which emits light to a target object and receives the light reflected by the target object with a light receiving element, a measuring unit which calculates a length of round-trip time taken for the light to make a round trip to the target object and measures a distance to the target object according to the round-trip time of the received light, a light receiving system which receives and condenses the light reflected by the target object, and an optical guide which guides the light condensed by the light receiving element to the light receiving system, including a multi-mode graded index fiber and a multi-mode step index fiber coupled with each other.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for providing a mobile device with information on the position thereof relative to a target, including: transmitting, from a laser source connected to the mobile device, a laser beam substantially diverging in an emission plane oriented such that the emitted beam illuminates the target at least partially, capturing an image of the partially illuminated scene from an imaging apparatus that is connected to the mobile device in order to capture an image, and processing the image thus captured in order to generate information on the position of the mobile device relative to the target.

Abstract: A system and method for scanning a surface and a computer program implementing the method. The method is suitable for performing the functions carried out by the system of the invention. The computer program implements the method of the invention. The system means for illuminating illuminates different sub-areas (Si) of a surface (S) with a light beam (Be) in an alternating manner, and receives and detects the portions of reflected light (Br) reflected on same, including: one or more light detectors (D); and light redirection means including a determined spatial distribution model (Qr) of the light redirection elements (GM), which receive the portions of reflected light (Br) and sequentially redirect them towards the light detector or detectors (D).

Abstract: A global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver includes a processor to determine whether a first satellite is in view of GNSS receiver; whether a second satellite is in view of GNSS receiver when first satellite is in view of GNSS receiver; and whether a third satellite is in view of GNSS receiver when first satellite is not in view of GNSS receiver. Second satellite was previously determined more likely to be in view when first satellite is in view based on a first average distance between first satellite and second satellite based on a first orbit of first satellite and a second orbit of second satellite. Third satellite was previously determined more likely to be in view when first satellite is not in view based on a second average distance between first satellite and third satellite based on first orbit of first satellite and a third orbit of third satellite.

Abstract: A satellite navigation system includes a first Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver for determining a first value of a parameter of a GNSS signal and a second GNSS receiver for determining a second value of the parameter of the GNSS signal. The first GNSS receiver is rigidly connected to the second GNSS receiver. The GNSS also includes a processor for comparing the first value of the parameter with the second value of the parameter to detect a multipath of the GNSS signal.

Abstract: Provided is a positioning apparatus for determining positions including: a distance acquisition unit configured to acquire pseudo-range information pieces indicating pseudo-ranges from the positioning apparatus to three positioning satellites; an altitude acquisition unit configured to acquire the altitude of the position of the positioning apparatus based on map information; a setting unit configured to set the altitude acquired by the altitude acquisition unit as a tentative altitude at the position of the positioning apparatus; and a positioning unit configured to perform a positioning process in a two-dimensional positioning method based on the pseudo-range information acquired by the distance acquisition unit, and the tentative altitude.

Abstract: Provided is a positioning system including: a storage apparatus configured to store orbit information indicating the position of a positioning satellite; and a positioning apparatus configured to perform a positioning process based on the orbit information, wherein the positioning apparatus includes an acquisition unit configured to acquire state-related information related to the state of the positioning apparatus, and a transmission unit configured to transmit, to the storage apparatus, the state-related information acquired by the acquisition unit, and the storage apparatus includes a receiving unit configured to receive the state-related information transmitted from the transmission unit, and an adjustment unit configured to adjust the content of the orbit information to be transmitted to the positioning apparatus, based on the state-related information received by the receiving unit.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of generating navigation information for an aircraft. Satellite signals are received at a group of reference receivers at a group of locations. A level of accuracy is identified for the group of reference receivers based on satellite data formed from the satellite signals. It is indicated when the group of locations of the group of reference receivers does not meet a desired level of accuracy. Messages are generated using the navigation information from the satellite data when the group of reference receivers has the desired level of accuracy.

Abstract: A method for car relocation is disclosed. The method is to transmit the ID of a mobile device to a network server, after the engine of a car is turned on. After the engine of the car is turned off, the automobile device or the mobile device transmits GPS coordinate data to the network server via a wireless method. If the automobile device or the mobile device fails to receive the GPS coordinate, the screen of the automobile device will display a frame showing the place where the car is parked, and transmit the related data. By means of the operation of the buttons of the frame, the related data can be transmitted to the network server by the automobile device or the mobile device via the wireless method, and the network server will store related data to overwrite original data.

Abstract: A radiation detection apparatus detects radiation and generates irradiation sensing information corresponding to a dose of detected radiation, senses whether radiation emitted from a radiation generator is detected, based on the generated irradiation sensing information, and receives a control signal from a controller. The apparatus switches detectability for detection of the radiation based on a control signal received from the controller.

Abstract: A photodetector device, including: a scintillator material operable for receiving incident radiation and emitting photons in response; a photodetector material coupled to the scintillator material operable for receiving the photons emitted by the scintillator material and generating a current in response, wherein the photodetector material includes a chalcopyrite semiconductor crystal; and a circuit coupled to the photodetector material operable for characterizing the incident radiation based on the current generated by the photodetector material. Optionally, the scintillator material includes a gamma scintillator material and the incident radiation received includes gamma rays. Optionally, the photodetector material is further operable for receiving thermal neutrons and generating a current in response. The circuit is further operable for characterizing the thermal neutrons based on the current generated by the photodetector material.

Abstract: An X-ray detection board and a manufacture method thereof, and an X-ray detection device are disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention. The X-ray detection board comprises: a substrate; photoelectric conversion devices disposed on the substrate; a conversion layer disposed on the photoelectric conversion devices and configured to convert X-rays into visible light; and a packaging layer disposed on the conversion layer and having a plurality of transmission windows, wherein the photoelectric conversion devices correspond in position to the transmission windows, respectively, and wherein condenser lenses for condensing the light converted by the conversion layer are disposed on sides of the photoelectric conversion devices facing the transmission windows. A light condensing effect is improved by use of the condenser lenses such as microlenses so that more light can be projected upon the photoelectric conversion devices through the condenser lenses.

Abstract: The invention relates to X-ray imaging devices, particularly to devices for X-ray mammography and tomosynthesis. The scintillation detector comprises at least one photosensor with an array of cells each of thereof has a photosensitive area, and a scintillator arranged in the form of a structured aggregate made of elements isolated from each other and placed on the surface of the photosensor. The new construction of the proposed scintillation detector is the completely eliminated need for precise alignment of the structured scintillator based on the elements with a matrix of cells of a photosensor. Precise arrangement of the scintillation elements and the matrix of cells of a photosensor is performed directly during the formation of the scintillation elements. The technical result achieved by using the invention is the increase of image contrast.

Abstract: A radiation imaging apparatus, comprising a plurality of sensors and a driving unit, each sensor including a detection element, a sampling unit and a reset unit, wherein the driving unit performs an operation of causing the reset unit to initialize the detection element, an operation of causing the sampling unit to sample a signal from the detection element in accordance with radiation irradiation started after the operation of initializing, and an operation of outputting a signal sampled by the operation of sampling, and wherein the driving unit changes, in accordance with a frame rate, a timing of the operation of outputting while maintaining constant a time from the operation of initializing to the operation of sampling.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a positron emission tomography detector and a positron emission tomography system using the same. More particularly, the positron emission tomography detector includes: a lower detecting unit configured to have a plurality of detector modules disposed in a ring or polygonal shape; and an upper detecting unit configured to have a plurality of detector modules which are spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance, or of which at least some are in contact with each other to be formed on the lower detecting unit, and formed in a conical shape which is tilted by a preset angle. By the configuration as described above, since the positron emission tomography detector and the positron emission tomography system using the same according to the present disclosure have a large number of effective lines of response (LOR) and increase geometric efficiency, it is possible to improve sensitivity.

Abstract: An earthquake prediction device comprises a predicted value calculation unit 16 that calculates, from a prediction formula below, a predicted value (MMIap) indicating a predicted intensity of a ground motion on the Modified Mercalli Intensity scale, using a maximum acceleration value (Aumax), which is a maximum absolute value among absolute values of vertical acceleration component of the ground motion, after a sensor starts detecting the ground motion caused by an earthquake. The prediction formula is: MMIap=?alog10(Aumax)+?a.

Abstract: Method, source and shuttle configured to generate acoustic waves under water. The shuttle includes a firing piston closing a firing chamber and contributing to holding the compressed gas, and a transitional region connected to the firing piston. The firing chamber and the transitional region define a most restrictive area through which the compressed gas is released toward the at least one exhaust port, the most restrictive area is substantially smooth while the movable shuttle moves toward the open position, and a profile of the transitional region is selected to reduce a high-frequency content of the acoustic waves.

Abstract: Described herein is a land seismic data acquisition system comprising a central processing unit; a cabled network connected to the central processing unit comprising a plurality of acquisition lines each comprising: electronic units assembled in series along a telemetry cable and each associated with at least one seismic sensor, the units processing signals transmitted by the sensor(s); intermediate modules assembled in series along the telemetry cable and each associated with at least one of the electronic units, each intermediate module providing power supply and synchronisation of the electronic unit(s) wherewith it is associated; wherein each electronic unit is associated with at least two intermediate modules including at least one upstream and at least one downstream from the electronic unit along the telemetry cable, and comprises synchronisation means independent from the cabled network, bidirectional and autonomous power supply means, bidirectional storage means of the signals processed by the electr

Abstract: Seismic data may be processed to improve a geologic model of a subsurface volume of interest by receiving an initial geologic model, generating a ?-parameter family of models by perturbing parameters of an initial geologic model, migrating the seismic data using each of the models in the ?-parameter family of models to generate a set of migration images, constructing a ?-volume by scanning the set of migration images wherein each location in the ?-volume is assigned a value representing a preference of one of the migration images; and inverting the ?-volume.

Abstract: In some embodiments, an apparatus and a system, as well as a method and an article, may operate to determine a compressional velocity (CV) of a geological formation, to determine a reflection coefficient (RC) associated with the geological formation, and to determine a density of the geological formation based on the CV and the RC. The CV and RC may be determined from values associated with sonic and ultrasonic velocity measurements. Additional apparatus, systems, and methods are described.

Abstract: A method and a system for obtaining information for imaging a subterranean formation are provided. The method comprises emitting sonic or percussive signals from one or more point source locations in or near the subterranean formation; detecting the signals at one or more receiver locations; and processing the signals to calculate the geometry of the ray paths travelled by the signals in the subterranean formation. The system comprises one or more signal sources for generating sonic or percussive signals; a receiver for receiving the signals; and a processor for processing the signals.

Abstract: A method for characterizing subsurface formations penetrated by a wellbore includes accepting as input to a computer measurements of a physical parameter of the formations made over a selected axial interval of the wellbore. At least one attribute of the measurements is determined from a change in the measurements over the selected axial interval. At least one characteristic of the formations in the selected axial interval using the at least one attribute.

Abstract: A method for magnetic ranging includes rotating a downhole tool in a drilling well in sensory range of magnetic flux emanating from a target well. The downhole tool includes a magnetometer set and an accelerometer set rotatably coupled to the tool. The magnetometer set and the accelerometer set acquire corresponding magnetometer measurements and accelerometer measurements while rotating. The magnetometer measurements are transformed to a rotation independent reference frame to obtain rotation invariant measurements which are in turn processed to compute at least one of a distance and a direction from the drilling well to the target well.

Abstract: A method for magnetic ranging includes rotating a downhole tool in a drilling well in sensory range of magnetic flux emanating from a target well having an AC magnetic source deployed therein. The downhole tool includes a magnetic field sensor deployed therein. The magnetic field sensor measures a magnetic field vector while rotating. The measured magnetic field vector is processed to compute at least one of a distance and a direction from a drilling well to a target well.

Abstract: A mobile terminal device for a positioning system based on a magnetic field map and a method thereof, are provided. The mobile terminal includes a memory configured to store a magnetic field map including magnetic field values at positions. The mobile terminal further includes a magnetic field sensor configured to measure a magnetic field value at a position of the mobile terminal. The mobile terminal further includes an inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor configured to measure an acceleration value and a gyro value of the mobile terminal. The mobile terminal further includes a processor configured to determine the position of the mobile terminal based on the magnetic field map, the magnetic field value, the acceleration value, and the gyro value.