Abstract: Susceptor assemblies, reactors and systems including the assemblies, and methods of using the assemblies, reactors, and systems are disclosed. Exemplary susceptor assemblies include two or more sections that can be moved relative to each other to allow rapid changes in a substrate temperature. The movement of the two or more sections can additionally or alternatively be used to manipulate conductance of gas flow though a reactor.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method of manufacturing a display apparatus are disclosed. In one aspect, the apparatus includes a chamber and an inorganic layer forming nozzle unit formed in the chamber and configured to form at least one inorganic layer. The apparatus also includes an organic layer forming nozzle unit formed in the chamber and configured to form at least one organic layer, wherein the organic layer forming nozzle unit is arranged substantially in line with the inorganic layer forming nozzle unit. The apparatus further includes a separating nozzle unit formed between the inorganic layer forming nozzle unit and the organic layer forming nozzle unit and configured to spray an inert gas.

Abstract: Methods for producing coatings on substrates are provided. These methods comprise the steps of introducing the substrate in a photo-initiated chemical vapor deposition reactor, introducing a gas precursor in the reactor, irradiating said gas precursor with UV radiation at a given wavelength, thereby at least partly photodissociating the gas precursor, until the coating is formed. In one method, the gas precursor is a mixture comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen. In another method, the pressure in the react or is between about 0.75 and 1.25 atm and the gas precursor has an absorption cross section of about 5×10?16 cm2/molecule or less at said given wavelength. In another aspect, the substrate is ash.

Abstract: A Technique includes forming a film on a substrate in a process chamber by performing a cycle a predetermined number of times. The cycle includes non-simultaneously performing supplying a precursor gas to the substrate, exhausting the precursor gas from the process chamber, supplying an oxygen-containing gas to the substrate, exhausting the oxygen-containing gas from the process chamber, supplying a hydrogen-containing gas to the substrate, and exhausting the hydrogen-containing gas from the process chamber. At least one among an amount of an exhausted gas and an exhaust rate in the act of exhausting the oxygen-containing gas is set greater than that in the act of exhausting the precursor gas, and at least one among an amount of an exhausted gas and an exhaust rate in the act of exhausting the hydrogen-containing gas is set greater than that in the act of exhausting the precursor gas.

Abstract: A system for supplying precursor gas to a substrate processing chamber includes a first mass flow controller including an inlet to receive a carrier gas and an outlet. An ampoule is configured to supply a precursor gas. A valve system, in fluid communication with the first mass flow controller and the ampoule, is configured to supply the precursor gas and the carrier gas to a momentum-based flow restriction member. A pressure sensing system is configured to sense an inlet pressure at an inlet of the momentum-based flow restriction member and an outlet pressure at an outlet of the momentum-based flow restriction member. A controller is configured to determine a flow rate of the precursor gas at the outlet of the momentum-based flow restriction member based on a difference between the inlet pressure and the outlet pressure.

Abstract: A method of producing a conductive image using high speed electroless plating according to the present invention preferably includes the steps of: preparing the surface of a substrate; depositing a metal coordination complex into the surface of the substrate; reducing the metal coordination complex to form an image in the surface of the substrate; depositing a protective material onto the image; electrolessly plating metal onto the image.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for fabricating metal and oxide hybrid-coated nanocarbon, comprising: a) coating nanocarbon with an oxide to give oxide-coated nanocarbon; b) coating the oxide-coated nanocarbon with a metal by electroless plating to give metal and oxide hybrid-coated nanocarbon; and c) crystallizing the metal and oxide hybrid-coated nanocarbon through thermal treatment at a high temperature. Also, the metal and oxide hybrid-coated nanocarbon fabricated using the method is provided.

Abstract: A preparation method of a conductive sponge includes the following steps. First, a sponge substrate is dipped in a metal solution and then taken out. A first drying process is performed. Next, the sponge substrate plated with metal particles is dipped in a carbon nanomaterial suspension and then taken out. Then, a second drying process is performed.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods for etching a metal layer, such as a copper layer, to form an interconnection structure in semiconductor devices. In one example, a method of patterning a metal layer on a substrate includes supplying a first etching gas mixture comprising a hydro-carbon gas and a hydrogen containing gas into a processing chamber having a substrate disposed therein, the substrate having a metal layer disposed thereon, supplying a second gas mixture comprising the hydrogen containing gas to a surface of the etched metal layer disposed on the substrate, and supplying a third gas mixture comprising an inert gas into the processing chamber to sputter clean the surface of the etched metal layer.

Abstract: An apparatus for cleaning and/or disinfecting surfaces and objects includes a spray bottle that is refillable with an aqueous solution, the spray bottle including a nozzle and a container. The apparatus further includes a conduit in communication with the nozzle and an interior of the container, an actuator for pumping the aqueous solution from the interior of the container to outside the spray bottle through the nozzle, an ultraviolet light source in communication with the conduit configured to at least partially radiate the aqueous solution in the conduit, a power source in communication with the ultraviolet light source, and an actuator in electrical communication with the power source, the actuator configured to provide power to the ultraviolet light source upon actuation of the actuator.

Abstract: A. providing an electrochemical cell with a first graphitic electrode and a second conductive electrode, wherein the first graphitic electrode is made of any one of HOPG, natural graphite, and synthetic graphite, the first graphitic electrode is held at a most positive potential, and the second conductive electrode is conductive, wherein a current passes through the electrochemical cell; B. providing an electrolyte of a solvent in the electrochemical cell, wherein the electrolyte has specific oxygen containing salts and base. Thereby, the graphitic electrode is functionalized and exfoliated by applying a voltage between the two electrodes thus producing graphene oxide.

Abstract: A polarity-reversal electrolysis process. The process uses a reactor that has at least one pair of spaced electrodes, and a controlled polarity-reversing power supply that is constructed and arranged to provide polarity-reversed power to the electrodes. An electrically-conductive liquid reaction medium that includes precursor reactants is provided to the reactor. The electrodes are at least partially immersed in the reaction medium. The power supply is operated such that the polarity of the electrodes of the pair of electrodes reverses at a frequency rate, so as to produce reactive intermediates and products.

Abstract: The invention is a bipolar-electrode electrolytic cell (1) which includes a chassis (2), an electrode plate (3) and a plate-shape spacer (4) having a concavity (25) disposing the electrode plate (3), wherein an unit cell (C), which is formed by connecting a plurality of spacers (4) in which the electrode plate (3) is disposed on the concavity (25) so that one plate surface of the electrode plate (3) is directed to one direction, is disposed inside the chassis (2). The bipolar-electrode electrolytic cell (1) includes engaged portions (35, 50 and 51) which are provided on any one of the concavity (25) of the spacer (4) or the electrode plate (3) and engaging portions (10A and 10B) which are formed the other portion with respect to the one portion.

Abstract: High surface area tin oxide nanoparticles prepared by a facile hydrothermal method followed by electroreduction to tin act as electrocatalysts toward CO2 reduction to formate, in some embodiments. At certain of these nano-structured tin catalysts, CO2 reduction occurs selectively to formate at low overpotentials and with high Faradaic efficiencies, with high stability and significant current densities.

Abstract: A fuel cell stack 101 includes a plurality of fuel cells 105 in which a fuel electrode 109, a solid oxide electrolyte 111, and an air electrode 113 are sequentially laminated, an interconnector 107 that electrically connects the fuel cells 105 which are adjacent to each other, and an interconnector connecting layer 108 that is interposed directly between the air electrode 113 and the interconnector 107. The interconnector connecting layer 108 is formed from a material, which is expressed by a composition formula of (La1-x-ySrxCay)zMnO3-AppmSiO2-DppmMgO (provided that, 0<x?0.4, 0<y?0.4, 0.1?x+y?0.5, 0.95?z<1, A: 10 to 300, D: 10 to 400), through firing.

Abstract: A process for converting carbon dioxide to hydrocarbon fuels using solar energy harnessed with a solar thermal power system to create thermal energy and electricity, using the thermal energy to heat a fuel feed stream, the heated fuel feed stream comprising carbon dioxide and water, the carbon dioxide captured from a flue gas stream, converting the carbon dioxide and water in a syngas production cell, the syngas production cell comprising a solid oxide electrolyte, to create carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and converting the carbon monoxide and hydrogen to hydrocarbon fuels in a catalytic reactor. In at least one embodiment, the syngas production cell is a solid oxide fuel cell. In at least one embodiment, the syngas production cell is a solid oxide electrolyzer cell.

Abstract: Provided is a method for manufacturing high purity tin including: depositing electrodeposited tin on the surface of a cathode 11 by electrowinning in an electrolytic bath in which a diaphragm 14 is placed between an anode 12 and the cathode 11, by using a raw material for tin as the anode 12 and a leachate obtained by electrolytically leaching the raw material for tin in a sulfuric acid solution as an electrolytic solution, the electrolytic solution containing a smoothing agent for improving a surface property of the electrodeposited tin; discharging the electrolytic solution from the electrolytic bath such that lead in the discharged electrolytic solution is removed; and putting the electrolytic solution from which lead is removed back into the electrolytic bath.

Abstract: A facile room-temperature method for assembling colloidal copper sulfide (Cu2-xS) nanoparticles into highly electrically conducting calcogenide material layer films utilizes ammonium sulfide for connecting the nanoparticles, while simultaneously effecting templating surfactant ligand removal. The foregoing process steps transform an as-deposited insulating films into a highly conducting films (i.e., having a conductivity at least about 75 S·cm?1). The methodology is anticipated as applicable to copper chalcogenides other than copper sulfide, as well as metal chalcogenides other than copper chalcogenides. The comparatively high conductivities reported are attributed to better interparticle coupling through the ammonium sulfide treatment. This approach presents a scalable room temperature route for fabricating comparatively highly conducting nanoparticle assemblies for large area electronic and optoelectronic applications.

Abstract: A method of plating a substrate, such as a wafer, by applying a voltage between the substrate and an anode is disclosed. The plating method includes: preparing a substrate having a recess formed in a surface thereof, a conductive layer being formed in at least a part of the recess; placing an insoluble anode and the substrate in contact with a copper sulfate plating solution containing an additive; applying a predetermined plating voltage between the substrate and the insoluble anode by a plating power source to plate the substrate; and shutting off a reverse electric current, which flows from the insoluble anode to the substrate via the plating power source, by a diode disposed between the insoluble anode and the substrate when the predetermined plating voltage is not applied.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes for preparing cocrystals, including processes for scaling up of cocrystal formation, as well as scalable processes for preparing cocrystals. Also disclosed are processes for scaled-op preparation of pterostilbene, progesterone, p-coumaric, and minoxidil cocrystals. Minoxidil cocrystals, such as minoxidil:benzoic acid 1:1 monohydrate cocrystals are also disclosed herein.

Abstract: A crucible has a first resistance heater is disposed in spaced relation above the top of the crucible and a second resistance heater with a first resistive section disposed in spaced relation beneath the bottom of the crucible and with a second resistive section disposed in spaced relation around the outside of the side of the crucible. The crucible is charged with a seed crystal at the top of an interior of the crucible and a source material in the interior of the crucible in spaced relation between the seed crystal and the bottom of the crucible. Electrical power of a sufficient extent is applied to the first and second resistance heaters to create in the interior of the crucible a temperature gradient of sufficient temperature to cause the source material to sublimate and condense on the seed crystal thereby forming a growing crystal.

Abstract: A contamination control method includes: a wafer loading step for loading a monitor wafer in a chamber of a vapor deposition apparatus; a heat-treatment repetition step for consecutively repeating a heat-treatment step for thermally treating the monitor wafer for predetermined times; a wafer unloading step for unloading the monitor wafer from the chamber; and a wafer-contamination-evaluation step for evaluating a metal-contamination degree of the monitor wafer unloaded out of the chamber. The heat-treatment step includes a first heat-treatment step for thermally treating the monitor wafer in an atmosphere of a hydrogen-containing gas and a second heat-treatment step for thermally treating the monitor wafer in an atmosphere of a hydrogen-chloride-containing gas and the hydrogen-containing gas.

Abstract: Boron-doped diamond and methods for making it are provided. The doped diamond is made using an ultra-thin film of heavily boron-doped silicon as a dopant carrying material in a low temperature thermal diffusion doping process.

Abstract: An article of apparel including a tubular knit textile region is provided, as well as an apparel printing system for printing on regions of the tubular knit textile region and related methods. The article of apparel can include a tubular knit textile region having an internal side and an opposite external side configured to be exposed during use, a plurality of yarns in an arrangement of interlocked loops forming parallel rows and channels therebetween, and a printed ink design on its external side. The printed ink design can be formed from ink applied to the parallel rows of loops and to the channels. An apparel printing system for printing on the article of apparel can include a textile printer having a print head and a tubular platen that includes features on the platen surface to retain and register the tubular knit textile on the platen surface during printing.

Abstract: A method of washing fabric articles in a tunnel washer that includes moving the fabric articles from the intake of the washer to the discharge of the washer and through multiple modules or sectors. Liquid can be counter flowed in the washer interior along a flow path that is generally opposite the direction of travel of the fabric articles. A dual use zone includes multiple of the modules or sectors. In a dual use zone, a module or modules can be used to both wash and thereafter rinse the fabric articles. While counterflow rinsing, the flow rate can be maintained at a selected flow rate or flow pressure head. One or more booster pumps can optionally be employed to maintain constant counterflow rinsing flow rate or constant counterflow rinsing pressure head. During rinsing, extracted water or reuse water is first used to rinse followed by a clean water rinse.

Abstract: A washing machine descaler introduction apparatus for introducing a descaling agent to the water inlets of a conventional washer and dryer at a controlled rate comprises a dispensing bag with an attached dispensing valve assembly and an attachable diverter. In use, the dispensing bag, containing of a descaling agent, is hung from an elevated position above a convention washing machine with the water inlet conduits of the washing machine each connected to one of two outlet tubes of the diverter. Once a hole is opened for ventilation, the valve handle is moved from the closed position, partially or fully opening the valve assembly's outlet pipe, thereby enabling the descaling agent to exit the bag and be directed into the hot water inlet conduit and the cold water inlet conduit at a rate that is controlled by how unobstructed the outlet is with respect to the closing member.

Abstract: An example laundry treating appliance includes a tub, a rotatable drum disposed in the tub and defining a treating chamber in which laundry is received for treatment according to a cycle of operation, a treating chemistry dispenser having an outlet and a cup having a siphon, configured to dispense a treating chemistry into at least one of the tub or the drum, a sensor, and a controller configured to at least: introduce a predetermined amount of liquid into the cup sufficient to activate the siphon if a predetermined amount of the treating chemistry is present in the cup; detect whether the siphon activates in response to the predetermined amount of liquid based on an output of the sensor; and modify cycle of operation based on whether the siphon activates in response to the predetermined amount of liquid.

Abstract: A washing machine appliance having an integrated nozzle and valve body assembly for dispensing fluids to a wash basket of the washing machine appliance is provided. The nozzle assembly also includes features for evenly dispensing fluids the wash basket and for preventing moisture intrusion into the cabinet of the washing machine appliance. The nozzle assembly further includes features for preventing fluid entrapment in the nozzle assembly.

Abstract: A quick-drying textile includes a fabric and a chemical applied to the fabric. The chemical modifies the fabric's absorption properties.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of a surface coated support material wherein said process comprises contacting a support material with an aqueous dispersion of nanocellulose. The surface coated support material can be used in a composite material. The invention therefore further relates to the surface coated support material per se, a composite comprising the material, a process for the production of the composite material and an article produced from the composite material.

Abstract: To provide a water/oil repellent composition which is excellent in the stability as a working liquid and the water repellency whereby the occurrence of scum having a high adhesion is low, to provide its production process and to provide an article of which the surface is treated with the water/oil repellent composition whereby the occurrence of dirt is suppressed. A water/oil repellent composition which comprises a nonionic surfactant having a melting point of from 50° C. to 70° C., a fluorinated copolymer (for example, a copolymer of a (meth)acrylate having a C6 perfluoroalkyl group) and a medium containing water.

Abstract: Methods of covering portions of an automobile interior with an engineered leather are provided. When a mold of the appropriate shape is provided, a cell paste can be placed therein and grown into a leather, which can be tanned and treated to produce a suitable covering for a portion of an automobile interior, such as a steering wheel, an airbag cover, or a seat belt assembly. A method of growing a seamless automobile component cover in situ is disclosed.

Abstract: A fabric includes a reinforcement material and a layer disposed adjacent to the reinforcement material including a fluoropolymer and an elastomer. The fabric can be an architectural fabric included in an architectural assembly.

Abstract: A continuous tensile system is disclosed. The system is braided from individual ropes that form bridle legs, riser, and extension lines in a parachute system. The continuous nature of the braided system allows load sharing between strands and an increased mass efficiency for the breaking system of a payload.

Abstract: Systems and methods for producing processed organic-carbon-containing feedstock from an unprocessed carbon-containing feedstock are described. Unprocessed feedstock is introduced into and transported through at least one reaction chamber. The reaction chamber is configured for each feedstock to produce processed feedstock having a water-soluble salt reduction of at least 60 percent from that of unprocessed organic-carbon-containing feedstock and a water content of less than 20 percent.

Abstract: Integrated methods and systems for recycling waste material including waste paper are provided, the methods including treating the waste material in the pressure vessel at an elevated processing temperature and an elevated processing pressure to form a treated waste material including a substantially re-pulped waste paper; discharging the treated waste material from the pressure vessel; and thereafter separating and diluting the treated waste material to dilute a portion including the substantially re-pulped waste paper to from about 1% to about 20% by weight solids. The recovered paper pulp fraction and substantially fiber-free recoverable/recyclable plastics and metals may be further separated and used as feedstock in a variety of subsequent processes.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a wet paper web transfer belt having excellent wet paper web transfer properties wherein the paper robbing phenomenon in the press part is prevented, a papermaking system having excellent operational stability comprising said wet paper web transfer belt, a papermaking method having excellent operational stability using said wet paper web transfer belt, and a method for producing said wet paper web transfer belt. This is achieved by a wet paper web transfer belt 1 for transferring a wet paper web; wherein it comprises a wet paper web carrying surface 221 carrying a wet paper web W, which is made of a resin layer 22, and wherein the skewness Rsk of the roughness curve of the wet paper web carrying surface 221 is ?0.5 or less.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and compositions for increasing the strength of a paper sheet. The method involves adding to the paper sheet an amine containing polymer. The amine containing polymer interacts with materials such as GPAM or starch to make the paper stronger in terms including tensile strength, surface strength and bulk strength.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and compositions for increasing the strength of a paper sheet. The method involves adding to the paper sheet an amine containing polymer. The amine containing polymer interacts with materials such as GPAM or starch to make the paper stronger in terms including tensile strength, surface strength and bulk strength.

Abstract: This invention pertains to a method of making a fiber-reinforced composite structure comprising the steps of (i) forming a paper sheet having a Gurley air resistance at least 200 seconds per 100 milliliters, the sheet comprising from 30 to 70 weight percent p-aramid fiber, (ii) depositing on both surfaces of the paper sheet a compression enhancing layer in a quantity up to 5 weight percent based on the weight of the paper, (iii) forming a honeycomb from the sheet of step (ii), and (iv) applying a matrix resin coating to the honeycomb of step (iii).

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to creped tissue webs, and products produced therefrom. The creped tissue webs and tissue products made therefrom are soft and strong, such as having a TS7 value less than about 8.0. Moreover, the tissue of the present disclosure also preferably has low TS750 values such as less than about 7.0. Further, while webs prepared according to the present disclosure have low TS7, and in certain embodiments low TS750 values, they are also strong enough to withstand use.

Abstract: A method of making a paper product includes forming an aqueous cellulosic web on a structuring fabric in a papermaking machine, non-compactively dewatering the cellulosic web on the structuring fabric, and drying the cellulosic web to form the paper product. The portion of the structuring fabric on which the cellulosic web is formed has a planar volumetric index of at least about 26.

Abstract: A superstructure device (10) for a set of points having a switch support which is composed of a block of high-strength steel and which has stock and short point rails which delimit said switch support and are formed integrally from the block, wherein the block is connected to a lower part composed of a material other than the high-strength steel, such as mild steel, and is in particular connected in a materially joined fashion, wherein the block extends essentially over the entire length of a switch rail device as the superstructure device on both sides beyond the switch support, and the lower part is a means of supporting the block in the form of at least two supports which are spaced apart from one another.

Abstract: A gauge-plate insulator for positioning between and mounting to two rail-spacing members that in turn extend transversely between and mount to two parallel rails to mechanically interconnect but electrical insulate the rail-spacing members and thus the parallel rails. The insulator includes a plate, front and rear mounting holes extending vertically through the plate, and a tongue extending downward from the plate along its lateral midsection from front to back. In typical embodiments, the insulator includes elongated platforms surrounding the mounting holes and arranged perpendicular to the tongue, and the insulator is of a one-piece monolithic construction made of a material selected for mechanical strength and electric insulation. And in some embodiments the insulator includes a tented top surface, ribs extending perpendicular to the tongue, and/or multi-level platforms.

Abstract: The invention discloses methods and devices for sand-free floor construction. A rubber or otherwise flexible element is placed between anchoring blocks and final floor tiles so as to allow for easy manipulation and leveling of the floor blocks above the flexible element. Male and female joining elements may be employed to guarantee solid integration of floor tiles prior to grouting and floor completion. In some embodiments, sidewalks may be constructed over a plurality of blocks with finger-like projections adapted to hold sidewalk blocks in place without recourse to sand or mortar.

Abstract: An assembly of two or more adjacent rectangular pavers comprising a plurality of first joints, each first joint disposed between two adjacent pavers, each first joint having a first predetermined joint flow-through area, a plurality of second joints, each second joint disposed between two adjacent pavers, each second joint having a second predetermined joint flow-through area and wherein each paver has a perimeter comprised of four sidewalls, each sidewall having a plurality of lugs.

Abstract: A concrete tie is provided for joining together adjacent slabs of concrete. The tie includes a flat center portion which sits upon the subgrade, and opposite end portions which are inclined upwardly to extend into the concrete when the concrete is poured. The ties are made of a non-corrosive material to eliminate concrete spalling. The ties are formed as a continuous loop, with curved opposite ends.

Abstract: A method of making a foamed glass composite engineered material arresting system for aircraft arrest, including heating glass frit to a temperature of between about 1500 degrees Fahrenheit and about 1900 degrees Fahrenheit, softening the frit to define a viscous glass material, and foaming the viscous glass material to yield a foamed glass body. The foamed glass body is then cooled, positioned in a bed located adjacent an airport runway, and at least partially surrounded with a structural matrix material to define a composite bed portion. The foamed glass body is incompressible and fails with a crushing failure mode.

Abstract: A stackable barrier unit includes: an elongate main body having a top surface, a bottom surface, longitudinal ends, and two sidewalls each having an upper margin joined to the top surface a lower margin extending tower than the bottom surface of the main body. A base width defined between lower outer margins of the sidewalls is greater than a top width of the top surface. Engagement extensions having engagement features extend from the longitudinal ends for linking two or more barrier units together. The engagement features may include a tapered pin and a hole. A rib may connect the first sidewall to the second sidewall below the bottom surface. A channel may be formed in the top surface of the main body directly above and parallel to the at least one rib.

Abstract: A lightweight watertight cover that is easily installed and positively secured in place, which provides a reliable seal to prevent flood water from entering openings such as subway ventilation shaft gratings and other porous openings that serve as entry point for flood water.